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  • Artikel  (68)
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  • 1
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    Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-13
    Beschreibung: Established infections with the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) are thought to be permanent with even the most effective immune responses and antiretroviral therapies only able to control, but not clear, these infections. Whether the residual virus that maintains these infections is vulnerable to clearance is a question of central importance to the future management of millions of HIV-infected individuals. We recently reported that approximately 50% of rhesus macaques (RM; Macaca mulatta) vaccinated with SIV protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors manifest durable, aviraemic control of infection with the highly pathogenic strain SIVmac239 (ref. 5). Here we show that regardless of the route of challenge, RhCMV/SIV vector-elicited immune responses control SIVmac239 after demonstrable lymphatic and haematogenous viral dissemination, and that replication-competent SIV persists in several sites for weeks to months. Over time, however, protected RM lost signs of SIV infection, showing a consistent lack of measurable plasma- or tissue-associated virus using ultrasensitive assays, and a loss of T-cell reactivity to SIV determinants not in the vaccine. Extensive ultrasensitive quantitative PCR and quantitative PCR with reverse transcription analyses of tissues from RhCMV/SIV vector-protected RM necropsied 69-172 weeks after challenge did not detect SIV RNA or DNA sequences above background levels, and replication-competent SIV was not detected in these RM by extensive co-culture analysis of tissues or by adoptive transfer of 60 million haematolymphoid cells to naive RM. These data provide compelling evidence for progressive clearance of a pathogenic lentiviral infection, and suggest that some lentiviral reservoirs may be susceptible to the continuous effector memory T-cell-mediated immune surveillance elicited and maintained by cytomegalovirus vectors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849456/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849456/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Scott G -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Ventura, Abigail B -- Hughes, Colette M -- Gilbride, Roxanne M -- Ford, Julia C -- Oswald, Kelli -- Shoemaker, Rebecca -- Li, Yuan -- Lewis, Matthew S -- Gilliam, Awbrey N -- Xu, Guangwu -- Whizin, Nathan -- Burwitz, Benjamin J -- Planer, Shannon L -- Turner, John M -- Legasse, Alfred W -- Axthelm, Michael K -- Nelson, Jay A -- Fruh, Klaus -- Sacha, Jonah B -- Estes, Jacob D -- Keele, Brandon F -- Edlefsen, Paul T -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Picker, Louis J -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI094417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE021291/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI054292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096109/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U24 OD010850/OD/NIH HHS/ -- U42 OD010426/OD/NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 3;502(7469):100-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12519. Epub 2013 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/immunology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; SAIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    A compendium of RNA-binding motifs for decoding gene regulation (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-13
    Beschreibung: RNA-binding proteins are key regulators of gene expression, yet only a small fraction have been functionally characterized. Here we report a systematic analysis of the RNA motifs recognized by RNA-binding proteins, encompassing 205 distinct genes from 24 diverse eukaryotes. The sequence specificities of RNA-binding proteins display deep evolutionary conservation, and the recognition preferences for a large fraction of metazoan RNA-binding proteins can thus be inferred from their RNA-binding domain sequence. The motifs that we identify in vitro correlate well with in vivo RNA-binding data. Moreover, we can associate them with distinct functional roles in diverse types of post-transcriptional regulation, enabling new insights into the functions of RNA-binding proteins both in normal physiology and in human disease. These data provide an unprecedented overview of RNA-binding proteins and their targets, and constitute an invaluable resource for determining post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3929597/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3929597/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ray, Debashish -- Kazan, Hilal -- Cook, Kate B -- Weirauch, Matthew T -- Najafabadi, Hamed S -- Li, Xiao -- Gueroussov, Serge -- Albu, Mihai -- Zheng, Hong -- Yang, Ally -- Na, Hong -- Irimia, Manuel -- Matzat, Leah H -- Dale, Ryan K -- Smith, Sarah A -- Yarosh, Christopher A -- Kelly, Seth M -- Nabet, Behnam -- Mecenas, Desirea -- Li, Weimin -- Laishram, Rakesh S -- Qiao, Mei -- Lipshitz, Howard D -- Piano, Fabio -- Corbett, Anita H -- Carstens, Russ P -- Frey, Brendan J -- Anderson, Richard A -- Lynch, Kristen W -- Penalva, Luiz O F -- Lei, Elissa P -- Fraser, Andrew G -- Blencowe, Benjamin J -- Morris, Quaid D -- Hughes, Timothy R -- 1R01HG00570/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- DK015602-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- MOP-125894/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-14409/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-49451/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-67011/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-93671/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P30 CA014520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA104708/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051968/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084034/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005700/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM084034/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008061/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DK015602-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):172-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleotide Motifs/*genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; RNA Stability/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Proteolytic elimination of N-myristoyl modifications by the Shigella virulence factor IpaJ (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-03-29
    Beschreibung: Protein N-myristoylation is a 14-carbon fatty-acid modification that is conserved across eukaryotic species and occurs on nearly 1% of the cellular proteome. The ability of the myristoyl group to facilitate dynamic protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions (known as the myristoyl switch) makes it an essential feature of many signal transduction systems. Thus pathogenic strategies that facilitate protein demyristoylation would markedly alter the signalling landscape of infected host cells. Here we describe an irreversible mechanism of protein demyristoylation catalysed by invasion plasmid antigen J (IpaJ), a previously uncharacterized Shigella flexneri type III effector protein with cysteine protease activity. A yeast genetic screen for IpaJ substrates identified ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)1p and ARF2p, small molecular mass GTPases that regulate cargo transport through the Golgi apparatus. Mass spectrometry showed that IpaJ cleaved the peptide bond between N-myristoylated glycine-2 and asparagine-3 of human ARF1, thereby providing a new mechanism for host secretory inhibition by a bacterial pathogen. We further demonstrate that IpaJ cleaves an array of N-myristoylated proteins involved in cellular growth, signal transduction, autophagasome maturation and organelle function. Taken together, these findings show a previously unrecognized pathogenic mechanism for the site-specific elimination of N-myristoyl protein modification.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722872/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722872/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnaevskiy, Nikolay -- Fox, Thomas G -- Plymire, Daniel A -- Ertelt, James M -- Weigele, Bethany A -- Selyunin, Andrey S -- Way, Sing Sing -- Patrie, Steven M -- Alto, Neal M -- 5T32AI007520/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087830/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI100934/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100486/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI083359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01GM100486/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):106-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12004. Epub 2013 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/chemistry/metabolism ; ADP-Ribosylation Factors/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/*metabolism ; Asparagine/metabolism ; Autophagy ; Biocatalysis ; Cysteine Proteases/metabolism ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Female ; Glycine/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/pathology ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myristic Acid/*metabolism ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; *Proteolysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Shigella flexneri/enzymology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Three-state mechanism couples ligand and temperature sensing in riboswitches (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-12
    Beschreibung: Riboswitches are cis-acting gene-regulatory RNA elements that can function at the level of transcription, translation and RNA cleavage. The commonly accepted molecular mechanism for riboswitch function proposes a ligand-dependent conformational switch between two mutually exclusive states. According to this mechanism, ligand binding to an aptamer domain induces an allosteric conformational switch of an expression platform, leading to activation or repression of ligand-related gene expression. However, many riboswitch properties cannot be explained by a pure two-state mechanism. Here we show that the regulation mechanism of the adenine-sensing riboswitch, encoded by the add gene on chromosome II of the human Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, is notably different from a two-state switch mechanism in that it involves three distinct stable conformations. We characterized the temperature and Mg(2+) dependence of the population ratios of the three conformations and the kinetics of their interconversion at nucleotide resolution. The observed temperature dependence of a pre-equilibrium involving two structurally distinct ligand-free conformations of the add riboswitch conferred efficient regulation over a physiologically relevant temperature range. Such robust switching is a key requirement for gene regulation in bacteria that have to adapt to environments with varying temperatures. The translational adenine-sensing riboswitch represents the first example, to our knowledge, of a temperature-compensated regulatory RNA element.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reining, Anke -- Nozinovic, Senada -- Schlepckow, Kai -- Buhr, Florian -- Furtig, Boris -- Schwalbe, Harald -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 18;499(7458):355-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12378. Epub 2013 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenine/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Ligands ; Magnesium/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Riboswitch ; Temperature ; Vibrio vulnificus/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-24
    Beschreibung: A novel H7N9 influenza A virus first detected in March 2013 has since caused more than 130 human infections in China, resulting in 40 deaths. Preliminary analyses suggest that the virus is a reassortant of H7, N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses, and carries some amino acids associated with mammalian receptor binding, raising concerns of a new pandemic. However, neither the source populations of the H7N9 outbreak lineage nor the conditions for its genesis are fully known. Using a combination of active surveillance, screening of virus archives, and evolutionary analyses, here we show that H7 viruses probably transferred from domestic duck to chicken populations in China on at least two independent occasions. We show that the H7 viruses subsequently reassorted with enzootic H9N2 viruses to generate the H7N9 outbreak lineage, and a related previously unrecognized H7N7 lineage. The H7N9 outbreak lineage has spread over a large geographic region and is prevalent in chickens at live poultry markets, which are thought to be the immediate source of human infections. Whether the H7N9 outbreak lineage has, or will, become enzootic in China and neighbouring regions requires further investigation. The discovery here of a related H7N7 influenza virus in chickens that has the ability to infect mammals experimentally, suggests that H7 viruses may pose threats beyond the current outbreak. The continuing prevalence of H7 viruses in poultry could lead to the generation of highly pathogenic variants and further sporadic human infections, with a continued risk of the virus acquiring human-to-human transmissibility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3801098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3801098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Wang, Jia -- Shen, Yongyi -- Zhou, Boping -- Duan, Lian -- Cheung, Chung-Lam -- Ma, Chi -- Lycett, Samantha J -- Leung, Connie Yin-Hung -- Chen, Xinchun -- Li, Lifeng -- Hong, Wenshan -- Chai, Yujuan -- Zhou, Linlin -- Liang, Huyi -- Ou, Zhihua -- Liu, Yongmei -- Farooqui, Amber -- Kelvin, David J -- Poon, Leo L M -- Smith, David K -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Leung, Gabriel M -- Shu, Yuelong -- Webster, Robert G -- Webby, Richard J -- Peiris, Joseph S M -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Zhu, Huachen -- Guan, Yi -- 092807/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095831/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 260864/European Research Council/International -- BB/E009670/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- HHSN266200700005C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HSN266200700005C/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 10;502(7470):241-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12515. Epub 2013 Aug 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chickens ; China ; Ducks ; Genes, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/classification/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/classification/genetics ; Influenza A virus/*classification/*genetics ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission/*virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Reassortant Viruses/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Antigen-specific B-cell receptor sensitizes B cells to infection by influenza virus (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-10-22
    Beschreibung: Influenza A virus-specific B lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce protect against infection. However, the outcome of interactions between an influenza haemagglutinin-specific B cell via its receptor (BCR) and virus is unclear. Through somatic cell nuclear transfer we generated mice that harbour B cells with a BCR specific for the haemagglutinin of influenza A/WSN/33 virus (FluBI mice). Their B cells secrete an immunoglobulin gamma 2b that neutralizes infectious virus. Whereas B cells from FluBI and control mice bind equivalent amounts of virus through interaction of haemagglutinin with surface-disposed sialic acids, the A/WSN/33 virus infects only the haemagglutinin-specific B cells. Mere binding of virus is not sufficient for infection of B cells: this requires interactions of the BCR with haemagglutinin, causing both disruption of antibody secretion and FluBI B-cell death within 18 h. In mice infected with A/WSN/33, lung-resident FluBI B cells are infected by the virus, thus delaying the onset of protective antibody release into the lungs, whereas FluBI cells in the draining lymph node are not infected and proliferate. We propose that influenza targets and kills influenza-specific B cells in the lung, thus allowing the virus to gain purchase before the initiation of an effective adaptive response.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863936/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863936/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dougan, Stephanie K -- Ashour, Joseph -- Karssemeijer, Roos A -- Popp, Maximilian W -- Avalos, Ana M -- Barisa, Marta -- Altenburg, Arwen F -- Ingram, Jessica R -- Cragnolini, Juan Jose -- Guo, Chunguang -- Alt, Frederick W -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Ploegh, Hidde L -- DP1 GM106409/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033456/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD045022/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD045022/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 21;503(7476):406-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12637. Epub 2013 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24141948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies/immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Specificity/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/pathology/secretion/*virology ; Cell Death ; Female ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology/metabolism ; Lung/cytology/immunology/secretion/virology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Orthomyxoviridae/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*immunology/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Structural basis for the drug extrusion mechanism by a MATE multidrug transporter (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-03-29
    Beschreibung: Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family transporters are conserved in the three primary domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), and export xenobiotics using an electrochemical gradient of H(+) or Na(+) across the membrane. MATE transporters confer multidrug resistance to bacterial pathogens and cancer cells, thus causing critical reductions in the therapeutic efficacies of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, respectively. Therefore, the development of MATE inhibitors has long been awaited in the field of clinical medicine. Here we present the crystal structures of the H(+)-driven MATE transporter from Pyrococcus furiosus in two distinct apo-form conformations, and in complexes with a derivative of the antibacterial drug norfloxacin and three in vitro selected thioether-macrocyclic peptides, at 2.1-3.0 A resolutions. The structures, combined with functional analyses, show that the protonation of Asp 41 on the amino (N)-terminal lobe induces the bending of TM1, which in turn collapses the N-lobe cavity, thereby extruding the substrate drug to the extracellular space. Moreover, the macrocyclic peptides bind the central cleft in distinct manners, which correlate with their inhibitory activities. The strongest inhibitory peptide that occupies the N-lobe cavity may pave the way towards the development of efficient inhibitors against MATE transporters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanaka, Yoshiki -- Hipolito, Christopher J -- Maturana, Andres D -- Ito, Koichi -- Kuroda, Teruo -- Higuchi, Takashi -- Katoh, Takayuki -- Kato, Hideaki E -- Hattori, Motoyuki -- Kumazaki, Kaoru -- Tsukazaki, Tomoya -- Ishitani, Ryuichiro -- Suga, Hiroaki -- Nureki, Osamu -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 11;496(7444):247-51. doi: 10.1038/nature12014. Epub 2013 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiporters/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norfloxacin/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protons ; Pyrococcus furiosus/*chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfides/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Structure of class B GPCR corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-19
    Beschreibung: Structural analysis of class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cell-surface proteins that respond to peptide hormones, has been restricted to the amino-terminal extracellular domain, thus providing little understanding of the membrane-spanning signal transduction domain. The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 is a class B receptor which mediates the response to stress and has been considered a drug target for depression and anxiety. Here we report the crystal structure of the transmembrane domain of the human corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 in complex with the small-molecule antagonist CP-376395. The structure provides detailed insight into the architecture of class B receptors. Atomic details of the interactions of the receptor with the non-peptide ligand that binds deep within the receptor are described. This structure provides a model for all class B GPCRs and may aid in the design of new small-molecule drugs for diseases of brain and metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hollenstein, Kaspar -- Kean, James -- Bortolato, Andrea -- Cheng, Robert K Y -- Dore, Andrew S -- Jazayeri, Ali -- Cooke, Robert M -- Weir, Malcolm -- Marshall, Fiona H -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):438-43. doi: 10.1038/nature12357. Epub 2013 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminopyridines/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/*classification/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/classification
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Chromosome-specific nonrandom sister chromatid segregation during stem-cell division (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-05-07
    Beschreibung: Adult stem cells undergo asymmetric cell division to self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells that comprise mature tissue. Sister chromatids may be distinguished and segregated nonrandomly in asymmetrically dividing stem cells, although the underlying mechanism and the purpose it may serve remain elusive. Here we develop the CO-FISH (chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization) technique with single-chromosome resolution and show that sister chromatids of X and Y chromosomes, but not autosomes, are segregated nonrandomly during asymmetric divisions of Drosophila male germline stem cells. This provides the first direct evidence, to our knowledge, that two sister chromatids containing identical genetic information can be distinguished and segregated nonrandomly during asymmetric stem-cell divisions. We further show that the centrosome, SUN-KASH nuclear envelope proteins and Dnmt2 (also known as Mt2) are required for nonrandom sister chromatid segregation. Our data indicate that the information on X and Y chromosomes that enables nonrandom segregation is primed during gametogenesis in the parents. Moreover, we show that sister chromatid segregation is randomized in germline stem cell overproliferation and dedifferentiated germline stem cells. We propose that nonrandom sister chromatid segregation may serve to transmit distinct information carried on two sister chromatids to the daughters of asymmetrically dividing stem cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711665/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711665/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yadlapalli, Swathi -- Yamashita, Yukiko M -- 1F31HD071727-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F31 HD071727/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):251-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12106. Epub 2013 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. swathi@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Division ; Centrosome/metabolism ; Chromatids/genetics/*metabolism ; *Chromosome Segregation ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Spermatogonia/cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Testis/cytology ; X Chromosome/genetics/metabolism ; Y Chromosome/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-16
    Beschreibung: Genome sequencing enhances our understanding of the biological world by providing blueprints for the evolutionary and functional diversity that shapes the biosphere. However, microbial genomes that are currently available are of limited phylogenetic breadth, owing to our historical inability to cultivate most microorganisms in the laboratory. We apply single-cell genomics to target and sequence 201 uncultivated archaeal and bacterial cells from nine diverse habitats belonging to 29 major mostly uncharted branches of the tree of life, so-called 'microbial dark matter'. With this additional genomic information, we are able to resolve many intra- and inter-phylum-level relationships and to propose two new superphyla. We uncover unexpected metabolic features that extend our understanding of biology and challenge established boundaries between the three domains of life. These include a novel amino acid use for the opal stop codon, an archaeal-type purine synthesis in Bacteria and complete sigma factors in Archaea similar to those in Bacteria. The single-cell genomes also served to phylogenetically anchor up to 20% of metagenomic reads in some habitats, facilitating organism-level interpretation of ecosystem function. This study greatly expands the genomic representation of the tree of life and provides a systematic step towards a better understanding of biological evolution on our planet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rinke, Christian -- Schwientek, Patrick -- Sczyrba, Alexander -- Ivanova, Natalia N -- Anderson, Iain J -- Cheng, Jan-Fang -- Darling, Aaron -- Malfatti, Stephanie -- Swan, Brandon K -- Gies, Esther A -- Dodsworth, Jeremy A -- Hedlund, Brian P -- Tsiamis, George -- Sievert, Stefan M -- Liu, Wen-Tso -- Eisen, Jonathan A -- Hallam, Steven J -- Kyrpides, Nikos C -- Stepanauskas, Ramunas -- Rubin, Edward M -- Hugenholtz, Philip -- Woyke, Tanja -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):431-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12352. Epub 2013 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23851394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Archaea/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacteria/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Genome, Archaeal/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Metagenome/genetics ; *Metagenomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Single-Cell Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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