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  • Springer  (85)
  • American Meteorological Society
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 174-178 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Maruca testulalis ; Pod borer ; Development ; Nutritional suitability ; Host plant ; Crotalaria ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les possibilités de développement larvaire de Maruca testulalis sur les fleurs de huit espèces végétales ont été examinées en laboratoire. La comparaison a porté sur Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. mucronata, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan et l'hôte principal de cette chenille, Vigna unguiculata. En tenant compte de la mortalité larvaire et des indices de croissance (G.I.), ces plantes ont été divisées en trois catégories principales: 1 celles provoquant une mortalité larvaire de 0–30% et ayant des G.I. ≥60%, constituent les plantes hôtes convenables (Vigna unguiculata seule); 2 les plantes qui provoquent une mortalité larvaire de 30≤50% et ont des G.I. de 30 à 60% de la plante hôte principale (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata; 3 les plantes qui causent 50–100% de mortalité larvaire et dont les G.I. sont inférieurs à 30% de la plante hôte principale (Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. misereniensis). Les résultats déjà publiés sur les choix du lieu de ponte des femelles et l'utilisation de C. juncea comme plante piège, sont discutés à la lumière de ces données nouvelles.
    Notes: Abstract Flowers of eight plant species were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their suitability as larval growth media for the cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis. The plants tested were Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan and the principal host of the borer, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), was included for comparison. Based on the data obtained on larval mortality and growth indices (GI) the plants were divided into 3 categories namely: I: Those causing 0–30% mortality and having GI value ≥60% form suitable host plants. This group only included V. unguiculata. — II: Those plant species causing 30≤50% larval mortality and having GI value 30%≤60% of the principal host plant (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata). This group of species is marginally suitable as hosts. — III: Plants causing 50–100% larval mortality and having GI value ≤30% of principal host plant (C. retusa, C. juncea and C. misereniensis). Previously published data on the oviposition preference of the adult moth are discussed in the light of the present findings and the use of C. juncea as a possible trap crop.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cyromazine ; Musca domestica ; Housefly ; Development ; Sensitivity ; Penetration ; Insect growth regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La cyromazine (N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine or CGA-72662) est un puissant inhibiteur de développement chez Musca domestica Le traitement des adultes par voie orale n'altère pas l'éclosion des œufs, mais inhibe fortement le développement des larves. Incorporée au milieu larvaire, elle donne une DL50 de 0.11 ppm. La sensibilité des pupes, traitées par application topique, décroit rapidement avec l'âge et est dépendante du solvant utilisé. Une heure après pupaison et avec le tétrahydrofuran comme vecteur, la DL50 est de 3 μg/g, soit 0.2 μg/g pour la pupe sans puparium. Comparé au méthanol. le tétrahydrofuran facilite la pénétration de la cyromazine pendant ce stade critique. La pénétration est également un facteur de la résistance des pupes agées. La toxicité de la cyromazine apparait rait donc principalement dépendante de sa vitesse de pénétration et de son accumulation dans l'organisme plutôt que de son métabolisme. Juste après pupaison, la jeune pupe chez M. domestica s'avère être un matériel sensible et pratique pour l'étude du mode d'action de la cyromazine.
    Notes: Abstract Cyromazine is a potent inhibitor of housefly (Musca domestica L.) larval development when administered orally to adults or incorporated into larval media, and of pupal metamorphosis on topical application shortly before or after pupariation. Pupae are most sensitive to cyromazine within 1 hr after pupariation and with tetrahydrofuran as the carrier solvent, giving topical LD50 values of 3 μg/g for the total puparium plus pupa and 0.2 μg/g calculated for the pupa only. Tetrahydrofuran is more effective than methanol in facilitating rapid cyromazine penetration during this critical pupal stage. The rate of cyromazine penetration or accumulation at sensitive stages appears to be more critical than the extent of metabolism in limiting cyromazine toxicity. Houseflies shortly after pupariation provide a sensitive and convenient organism for studies on cyromazine mode of action.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 188 (1980), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Compound eye ; shibire ts ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have analysed the effect of temperature on both developing and adult eye cell clones homozygous forshi ST139, a temperature-sensitive mutant ofDrosophila melanogaster. The mutant gene, autonomous in its cellular expression, causes structural modifications of ommatidial cells when adult clones of cells are exposed to the restrictive temperature (29°C) for several days. However, the mutant phenotype reverses to normal within 4 days at the permissive temperature (20°C). The results of pulse, shift-up and shift-down experiments show that the temperaturesensitive period for developing compound eye cells is from the late second instar up to the early pupa. Cytodifferentiation of compound eye cells is blocked by restrictive temperature treatment during this period, whereas cell proliferation does not seem to be directly affected. These results are discussed with regard to the other known aspects of the phenotype observed in mutant individuals.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 188 (1980), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Gangliosides ; Development ; Brain ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The developmental profiles of 15 different gangliosides of the optic lobes and cerebrum of the chicken were followed from the 6 th day of incubation to hatching and correlated to morphological development. Five of these gangliosides appearing in both structures between the sixth and tenth day, have not been reported previously in higher vertebrates. Three chromatographed on TLC-plates similarly to GT3, GT2, and GT1c gangliosides, which have been demonstrated in fish brain. One fraction moved just below GQ1b and is suggested, to contain GQ1c. These “novel” gangliosides, which are possibly related to a recently proposed separate and probably phylogenetically older biosynthetic pathway, contained up to 20% of total ganglioside sialic acid. The fifth “novel” fraction, containing up to 16% of total ganglioside-sialic acid, moved below the penta-sialoganglioside GP1 and is suggested to contain hexa-sialogangliosides. There were two main changes in ganglioside synthesis, which were identical in both structures. The first occurred from the sixth to the eleventh day, parallel to decreased proliferation, maximal cell migration and neuroblast differentiation, GD3 and GD2 decreased rapidly in favour of GQ1b, GP1, and to the “novel” fractions, described above. The second occurred from the eleventh to the eighteenth day, parallel to increased growth and arborization of dendrites and axons as well as functional establishment of synaptic contacts, there was a sharp rise in the amount of GD1b, GT1b, and GD1a. Concomitantly the “novel” gangliosides decreased. At hatching GD1a was the predominant ganglioside. GM3, GM2, and GM1 were always minor fractions, each accounting for less than 4% of total ganglioside-sialic acid. GM4 was never detected, indicating neglegible myelinisation until hatching.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 189 (1980), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases ; Development ; Nuclear-mitochondrial interactions ; Neurospora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The specific activities of the branched chain amino acyl-tRNA synthetases from the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions ofN. crassa were low in dormant conidia and increased during germination, reaching a maximum 8 h after inoculation. This stage of development is characterised by high rates of many other cellular activities. The increases in activity of synthetases of both cytosol and mitochondria are inhibited by cycloheximide indicating that they are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The mitochondrial synthetases show a stimulation of their specific activity when mitochondrial RNA and protein synthesis are inhibited by either ethidium bromide or chloramphenicol suggesting that a mitochondrial translation product regulates the synthesis of the mitochondrial synthetases. The activities of amino acyl-tRNA synthetases are dependent on energy production. When respiration is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, synthetase specific activities decrease although the activities of other mitochondrial enzymes like NADH-dehydrogenase increase. This phenomenon suggests that more than one mechanism regulates the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins which are formed on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The synthesis of branched chain amino acyl-tRNA synthetases ofNeurospora is neither repressed by their cognate amino acids, nor is there inhibition by the precursors of these amino acids, as has been observed in other amino acyl-tRNA synthetases of various organism includingNeurospora.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Interaction ; Development ; Dye-coupling ; Gap junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During the early development of the molluscPatella, the dorsoventral axis is established after the fifth cleavage due to direct interaction between the animal micromeres and one of the vegetal macromeres. This vegetal macromere is thereby induced to become the mesentoblast mother cell (3D). In this study we have examined intercellular communication in earlyPatella embryos by monitoring the transfer of the fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow, upon iontophoretic injection into blastomeres between the second and sixth cleavage. Up to the fifth cleavage dye transfer is detectable neither inin toto embryos nor in serial sections. Shortly after the fifth cleavage dye-coupling between blastomeres becomes apparent. This occurs approximately 40 min before the interaction between animal micromeres and the future mesentoblast mother cell. Inspection of serially sectioned embryos after dye-iontophoresis in either animal micromeres or in the central macromere 3D showed the absence of direct dye-transfer between these cells at the stage of interaction. The reduced rate of dye-transfer from the 3D macromere to its dorsal neighbour 2d2 suggests a bilateral symmetrical transfer pattern, the axis of which corresponds with the dorsoventral axis at the sixth cleavage. Cell deletion experiments demonstrated that the establishment of dye-coupling between the vegetal macromeres occurs independently of the interaction between animal and vegetal blastomeres.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 321-326 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sotalol ; hypertension ; renal impairment ; chronic administration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten hypertensive patients with moderate to severe impairment of renal function were treated with sotalol for 5 to 10 weeks (average 6.4 weeks). Dosage was individually titrated (range 80 to 480 mg daily). The drug was given once daily in the morning. In eight patients blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled. Higher steady-state levels were observed than have been reported after similar doses in patients with normal renal function. The apparent first-order elimination rate constant and plasma clearance were significantly correlated with glomerular filtration rate. For an anuric patient, serum half-life was calculated to be 69 h. In relation to the raised plasma levels, side effects were uncommon. Since sotalol is excreted predominantly via the kidney, therapy in patients with impaired renal function should start with a low dose and any increase in dosage should be made carefully. As the anti-hypertensive effect does not appear to be correlated with the plasma level or with tolerance, adjustment of dose should be based on clinical response.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; hypertension ; slow-release preparations ; maximal exercise power ; fatigue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The treatment of hypertension with a single daily-dose of a beta-blocker gives rise to high peak-plasma concentrations 1.5 h after ingestion. After slow release-preparations of beta-blockers, the peak concentrations are half those produced by the conventional preparation at the same oral dose. A frequently occurring side-effect of beta-blocker therapy is fatigue. In this study the effect of a single dose of metoprolol 300 mg, 200 mg, 200 mg slow-release and a placebo on maximal exercise power was tested in 6 healthy subjects, 1.5 h and 24 h after ingestion. Maximal exercise power was significantly reduced 1.5 h after ingestion of metoprolol 300 mg and 200 mg. No change was found 1.5 h after 200 mg of a slow-release preparation. The possible reasons for reduced maximal exercise power are discussed. It is concluded that use of a beta-blocker for the treatment of hypertension in a single daily-dose regimen may be a reason to prefer a slow-release preparation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 399-401 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prazosin ; hypertension ; central monoaminergic neurons ; monoamine metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six hypertensive patients were treated with prazosin up to a final dose of 3–4.5 mg/day. There was a significant reduction of blood pressure. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the major metabolites of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin were unchanged. This indicates that the antihypertensive effect is not mediated via central monoaminergic neurons as suggested by animal studies.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: renin ; angiotensin ; aldosterone ; hypertension ; hypoaldosteronism ; pseudohypoaldosteronism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is increased activity of the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone (RAA) system in infancy and childhood. An inverse relationship between plasma renin, aldosterone and age has been demonstrated. In childhood hypertension due to renovascular disease or pyelonephritic scarring peripheral plasma renin is increased. Renal vein renin measurements in children with renal hypertension have proved valuable in predicting surgical curability of the underlying lesion. The upper limit of normal for the renal venous renin ratio in normotensive children without renal disease is 1.5. Pharmacological blockade of the RAA system has a place in diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive children. The plasma renin aldosterone profile is diagnostically useful in the investigation of salt-wasting disease and can easily distinguish between aldosterone biosynthetic defects and pseudohypoaldosteronism.
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