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  • Other Sources  (362)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1935-1939  (362)
  • 1938  (177)
  • 1937  (185)
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1935-1939  (362)
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  • 1
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    In:  Geophysics, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 185-187, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Review article
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  • 2
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    In:  Petroleum Eng., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 78, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Review article
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  • 3
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 337-348, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Travel time ; Velocity analysis ; Inhomogeneity ; Seismology ; BSSA
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  • 4
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 157-184, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Seismology ; Hypocentral depth ; BSSA
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  • 5
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 197-200, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Seismology ; BSSA
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  • 6
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    In:  Geol. Soc. Am. Proc., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 240, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Applied geophysics
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  • 7
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    In:  Trans., Am. Geophys. Union, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 156, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Velocity analysis ; Applied geophysics ; NOISE ; Acoustics ; EOS
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  • 8
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 85-88, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; BSSA
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  • 9
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    In:  Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 249-288, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth
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  • 10
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    In:  Phil. Mag., Bonn, Pergamon, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1017-1032, pp. B05S04, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Elasticity ; temperature
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  • 11
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    In:  The Sky, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 12-13, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity
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  • 12
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    In:  Petroleum World, Annual Review, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 12-13, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Applied geophysics
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  • 13
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    In:  Nature, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 141, no. 6, pp. 371, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Waves ; Seismology ; earth Core
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  • 14
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    In:  Month. Notices Royal astr. Soc., Geophys. Suppl., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 363-372, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Waves ; earth Core ; P-waves ; Diffraction
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  • 15
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    Nat. Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography
    In:  London, Nat. Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography, vol. 159, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Project report/description ; Geol. aspects
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  • 16
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    In:  Prakt. Blätt. Pflanzenb. u. –schutz 14;p. 343-348
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Der Autor schildert detailliert den Witterungsverlauf des Vegetationsjahres 1935/36, gibt eine kleine Übersicht über die aufgetretenen Pflanzenkarankheiten und -schädlinge und bringt beides ansatzweise in einen Zusammenhang. Zudem listet er die Erträge des Vegetationsjahres auf und beurteilt diese. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1936 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Hochwasser
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  • 17
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    In:  Die Gartenbauwissenschaft 10: 289-353
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Beschreibung der Beziehungen zwischen Ernteerträgen und der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag mithilfe der Rangordungsmethode nach Holdefleiss) in 2 unterschiedlich klimatischen Regionen, Bestimmung von kritischen Zeiten, Auswirkungen auf die Obstsorten und -arten. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Faktoren Niederschlag und Temperatur haben zu bestimmten Zeiten wichtige Funktionen, schwanken aber zwischen den Arten und Sorten, jedoch Niederschlag ab Mai gewinnt umso mehr an Bedeutung, je geringer die Wasserspeicherkapazität des Bodens, höchster Wasserbedarf im Mai/Juni KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Temp+ (April im Erntejahr), dann Ertrag ++ Delta Nied Juni (〉63mm Mittel von 1928-33 in Dahlem), dann Ertrag Gravensteiner 〉 115kg Delta Nied+ und Delta Temp+ (Juli-August im Vorjahr), dann Ertrag ++ Delta Nied- (Juli-August im aktuellen Jahr, , dann Ertrag -
    Keywords: Berlin, Hohenheim ; 1909-33, 1907-28 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Birne
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  • 18
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    In:  Der Forschungsdienst 2: 581-587
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Effekt der Zusatzberegnung auf den Ertrag von Hafer KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Erste Versuche zur Bestimmung des Beregnungszeitpunktes von Getreide KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied+ (Mai 〉 73mm), dann kein Effekt einer zusätzlichen Beregnung auf Ertrag bei Hafer und Gerste (Jahr 1931 und 1932)
    Keywords: Berlin, Brandenburg ; 1934 ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Trockenheit ; Gerste
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  • 19
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    In:  Landwirtschaftl. Jahrbuch 86:823-924.
    Publication Date: 1938
    Description: Erarbeitung einer ausbaufähigen Methode für das Erfassen des Witterungsablaufes; Vergleichen einer Zwölfjahresreihe von Erträgen mit dem Witterungsablauf; bearbeitet wurden Winterroggen, Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Hafer, Sommergerste, Sommerweizen, Kartoffeln KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Witterung und Ertrag bei Getreide und Kartoffeln KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Wasserversorgung (Frühjahr) - und Delta Wasserversorgung (Mai, Juni, Juli) +, dann Ertrag (Getreide) +; Delta T (frühe Entwicklungsstadien) -, dann Ertrag (Winterroggen, Hafer) +; Delta T (April) -, dann Ertrag (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (April, Mai) -, dann Ertrag (Winterweizen) +; delta T (Mai) -, dann Ertrag (Winterroggen) +; Delta T +, dann Ertrag (Kartoffel) +; Delta Nied (Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Kartoffel) +;
    Keywords: Brandenburg ; 1924-37 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Witterung
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  • 20
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten 120, 36
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: 10 000 Erkrankungen und vielen Todesfällen, verursacht durch P. vivax und P. falciparum KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: der Sommer war so heiß gewesen, dass eine Übertragung der Erreger der Malaria tropica möglich war KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Norddeutschland ; 1826 ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 21
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    In:  Klima - Wetter - Mensch, Woltereck, H. (Hrsg.), Verlag von Quelle und Meyer, Lepzig, S.127-229
    Publication Date: 1938
    Description: Bioklimatik einzelner Klimaelemente, atmosphärischer Zustände und Vorgänge KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Umweltmedizin
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  • 22
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    In:  Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin
    Publication Date: 1938
    Description: Meteorotrope Krankheiten, Saisonkrankheiten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Umweltmedizin
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung der Winterfeuchtigkeit für Roggen bis etwa zum Zeitpunkt des Ährenschiebens, Wechselwirkung Sonnenscheindauer, Temperatur und Niederschlag in unterschiedlichen phänologischen Stadien bei unterschiedlichen Roggensorten und variierender Stickstoffgabe KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Sonnenschein, Temperatur, Niederschlag)auf das Wachstum KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Sonn -, dann Längenwachstum +; Winterfeuchtigkeit +, dann Wachstum +; Delta Nied (von N-Düngung bis Ährenschieben) - und Delta T (von N-Düngung bis Ährenschieben) +, dann Längenwachstum = max; Delta Nied (Hauptvegetationszeit) +, Delta T (Hauptvegetationszeit) -, Delta Sonn (Hauptvegetationszeit) -, dann Längenwachstum +; Delta Nied (Hauptvegetationszeit) + und Delta Wind (Hauptvegetationszeit) +, dann Lagerbildung +;
    Keywords: Brandenburg, Versuchsfeld Bornim bei Potsdam ; 1932-36 ; Ertrag ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Düngung
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Witterungsverlauf und Ertragsleistung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1900-1935
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  • 25
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    In:  Klima - Wetter - Mensch, Woltereck, H. (Hrsg.), Verlag von Quelle und Meyer, Lepzig, S.253-296
    Publication Date: 1938
    Description: Seuchenerreger und -überträger und der Einfluss von Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Jahresschwankungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Umweltmedizin
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  • 26
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    Springer Verlag
    In:  Berlin, Springer Verlag, vol. 1, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Publication Date: 1938
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Mining geophysics
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  • 27
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    National Academy of Science
    In:  Professional Paper, International aspects of oceanography, Washington D.C., National Academy of Science, vol. 3, no. VIIa, pp. 41-50, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1937
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A global array of 20 radio observatories was used to measure the three-dimensional position and velocity of the two meteorological balloons that were injected into the equatorial region of the Venus atmosphere near Venus midnight by the VEGA spacecraft on June 11 and 15, 1985. Initial analysis of only radial velocities indicates that each balloon was blown westward about 11,500 kilometers (8,000 kilometers on the night side) by zonal winds with a mean speed of about 70 meters per second. Excursions of the data from a model of constant zonal velocity were generally less than 3 meters per second; however, a much larger variation was evident near the end of the flight of the second balloon. Consistent systematic trends in the residuals for both balloons indicate the possibility of a solar-fixed atmospheric feature. Rapid variations in balloon velocity were often detected within a single transmission (330 seconds); however, they may represent not only atmospheric motions but also self-induced aerodynamic motions of the balloon.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 231; 1414-141
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-05-31
    Keywords: unknown
    Type: REPT.-624
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report summarizes the work that has been carried on in the experimental investigation of the problem of general instability of stiffened metal cylinders subjected to pure bending at the C.I.T. This part of the investigation included tests of 46 sheet-covered specimens. The most significant result was the determination of a new design parameter for the case of a stiffened metal cylinder subjected to pure bending.
    Type: NACA-TN-909
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  • 31
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The apparatus consists of a universal balance with transmission at variable speeds from 300 to 5,000 rpm and a group directly coupled to the model for speeds of 5 to 30,000 revolutions. This new apparatus was also designed with a torsion meter for measuring the torque. Tests were conducted on the effect of the angle between the propeller axis and the wind direction. The results presented correspond to a first series of tests made without an interposed wing and in which the distance between the plane of the propeller disk and the tail was maintained constant.
    Type: NACA-TM-819
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Based on the universal laws of turbulent velocity distribution at rough and smooth walls, there is in the present work presented a method that allows surface roughness tests and in particular, measurements on the roughness of ship surfaces to be carried out in a much simpler manner. The types of roughness investigated were in the form of flat, rough plates installed in a square-section rectangular channel, the other three walls always being smooth. Twenty-one plates of various roughness were investigated, the roughness elements being the following: spheres of diameter 0.41 and 0.21, respectively, spherical segments, cones, and "short" and "long" angles.
    Type: NACA-TM-823
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  • 33
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present report deals with a number of the main problems requiring solution in the development of helicopters and concerning the lift, flying performance, stability, and drive. A complete solution is given for the stability of the helicopter with rigid blades and control surfaces. With a view to making a direct-lift propeller sufficient without the addition of auxiliary propellers, the "flapping drive" is assessed and its efficiency calculated.
    Type: NACA-TM-827
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  • 34
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present report offers an approximate theory for the stress and deformation condition after buckling of the skin in reinforced panels and shells loaded in simple shear and compression and under combined stresses. The theory presents a unified scheme for stresses of these types. It is based upon the concept of a nonuniform stress distribution in the metal panel and its marked power of resistance against compressive stresses ("incomplete" tension bay).
    Type: NACA-TM-831
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  • 35
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The monocoque form of airplane construction has introduced a number of new problems to the stress calculator and the designer. The problems for the stress calculator fall into two groups: the determination of the stress condition (shell statics) and the determination of the failing strength (shell strength). The present report summarizes the most important theoretical and experimental results on this subject.
    Type: NACA-TM-838
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper is a critical analysis of the methods of determination of the tendency to detonation. No attempt has been made to describe in detail the different fuels and the different methods proposed.
    Type: NACA-TM-843
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: At the ends of a monocoque fuselage concentrated axial forces in the skin must generally be taken up. Such axial forces must also be taken up in the case of other members where axial forces from the neighboring stressed skin construction must be considered. In order to take up these axial forces two bulkheads or reinforcing frames may be arranged at the positions where the forces are applied. If these bulkheads are in the form of rings, bending moments are set up in them. In the present paper computations are performed for obtaining the value of these bending moments.
    Type: NACA-TM-847
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present report describes tests in which the stress distribution may be determined in a stiffened circular cylindrical shell loaded longitudinally at four symmetrically situated points. As being of particular importance are the cases investigated of groups of bending and arching or convexing forces, respectively. From the stress measurements on the longitudinal stiffeners, the shear stresses and the bulkhead ring stresses in the skin could be evaluated. These measurements showed that the "simple shear field" used in theoretical computations in which all normal stresses in the skin are neglected, must be extended by the addition of the transverse or circumferential stresses if the bulkhead rings are not riveted to the skin.
    Type: NACA-TM-864
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: These tests proved the practicability of static pressure heads at speeds up to 400 km/h (248.5 mph). It weighs 6.5 kg or 2.5 times as much as the old head. The position of the pressure head below the airplane was determined by bearing method at different speeds and for different lengths of suspension. It was established that for the measured speed range a 20 to 24 meter suspension length was sufficient to assure a minimum distance of 6 meters from the airplane without introducing any appreciable errors in the results due to wrong static pressure.
    Type: NACA-TM-865
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: For the purpose of testing the theory of an oscillating airfoil of two degrees of freedom, a wing was mounted in the wind tunnel between two walls in such a manner that it could execute vertical (flexural) oscillations as well as torsional oscillations about an arbitrary axis parallel to the span. It was possible to vary the inertia and elasticity parameters and also to increase artificially the negligibly small natural damping of the system. The oscillations were recorded to a strongly magnified scale. The experimentally determined critical (or flutter) velocities fully agree with the theoretical ones of Wagner and Kussner within the limits of computational and measuring accuracy. An extremely narrow wing without end walls (three dimensional problem) showed the same oscillations as one with end walls (two-dimensional problem).
    Type: NACA-TM-877
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-L-456
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The slot-lip ailerons developed by the NACA consist of a flap-type spoiler with an adjoining continuously open slot. The ailerons were developed in an investigation of the delayed response, or lag, of spoiler-type lateral controls. This report presents the results of tests of these slot-lip ailerons made on wing models in the 7 by 10-foot wind tunnel, on a Fairchild 22 airplane in the full-scale wind tunnel and in flight, and on the Weick W1-A airplane in flight.
    Type: NACA-TR-602
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of tests of a 1/10-scale model of the XN2Y-1 airplane tested in the NACA 5-foot vertical wind tunnel in which the six components of forces and moments were measured. The model was tested in 17 attitudes in which the full-scale airplane had been observed to spin, in order to determine the effects of scale, tunnel, and interference. In addition, a series of tests was made to cover the range of angles of attack, angles of sideslip, rates of rotation, and control setting likely to be encountered by a spinning airplane. The data were used to estimate the probable attitudes in steady spins of an airplane in flight and of a model in the free-spinning tunnel. The estimated attitudes of steady spin were compared with attitudes measured in flight and in the spinning tunnel. The results indicate that corrections for certain scale and tunnel effects are necessary to estimate full-scale spinning attitudes from model results.
    Type: NACA-TR-607
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of an investigation of the general aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA 23012 and 23021 airfoils, each equipped with a 0.20c external flap of NACA 23012 section. The tests were made in the NACA 7 by 10-foot and variable-density wind tunnels and covered a range of Reynolds numbers that included values corresponding to those for landing conditions of a wide range of airplanes. Besides a determination of the variation of lift and drag characteristics with position of the flap relative to the main airfoil, complete aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil-flap combination with a flap hinge axis selected to give small hinge moments were measured in the two tunnels. Some measurements of air loads on the flap itself in the presence of the wing were made in the 7 by 10-foot wind tunnel.
    Type: NACA-TR-573
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of an experimental investigation made in the NACA full-scale wind tunnel to determine the effect of wing span on nacelle-propeller characteristics and, reciprocally, the lateral extent of nacelle and propeller influence on a monoplane wing. The results provide a check on the validity of the previous research on nacelles and propellers with 15-foot-span wings tested in the 20-foot wind tunnel and reported in technical reports 415, 462, 505, 506, and 507.
    Type: NACA-TR-569
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents the results of an analytical study of the lateral controllability of an airplane in which both the static rolling and yawing moments supplied by the controls and the reactions due to the inherent stability of the airplane have been taken into account. The investigation was undertaken partly for the purpose of coordinating the results of a long series of wind-tunnel investigations with phenomena observed in flight tests; for this reason a hypothetical average airplane, embodying the essential characteristics of both wind-tunnel models and the full-size test airplanes, was assumed for the study.
    Type: NACA-TR-570
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two methods were used to measure fuel distribution within sprays from several types of fuel-injection nozzles. A small tube inserted through the wall of an air tight chamber into which the sprays were injected could be moved about inside the chamber. When the pressure was raised to obtain air densities of 6 and 14 atmospheres, some air was forced through the tube and the fuel that was carried with it was separated by absorbent cotton and weighed. Cross sections of sprays from plain, pintle, multiple-orifice, impinging-jets, centrifugal, lip, slit, and annular-orifice nozzles were investigated, at distances of 1, 3, 5, and 7 inches from the nozzles.
    Type: NACA-TR-565
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents the results of full-scale wind tunnel tests conducted to determine the ground-handling forces on a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron." Ground-handling conditions were simulated by establishing a velocity gradient above a special ground board in the tunnel comparable with that encountered over a landing field. The tests were conducted at Reynolds numbers ranging from 5,000,000 to 19,000,000 at each of six angles of yaw between 0 degree and 180 degrees and at four heights of the model above the ground board. The ground-handling forces vary greatly with the angle of yaw and reach large values at appreciable angles of yaw. Small changes in height, pitch, or roll did not critically affect the forces on the model. In the range of Reynolds numbers tested, no significant variation of the forces with the scale was disclosed.
    Type: NACA-TR-566
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pressures were simultaneously measured in the variable-density tunnel at 54 orifices distributed over the midspan section of 5 by 30 inch rectangular model of the NACA 4412 airfoil at 17 angles of attack ranging from -20 degrees to 30 degrees at a Reynolds number of approximately 3,000,000. Accurate data were thus obtained for studying the deviations of the results of potential-flow theory from measured results. The results of the analysis and a discussion of the experimental technique are presented.
    Type: NACA-TR-563
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A simplified treatment of the application of Heaviside's operational methods to problems of airplane dynamics is given. Certain graphical methods and logarithmic formulas that lessen the amount of computation involved are explained. The problem representing a gust disturbance or control manipulation is taken up and it is pointed out that in certain cases arbitrary control manipulations may be dealt with as though they imposed specific constraints on the airplane, thus avoiding the necessity of any integration. The application of the calculations described in the text is illustrated by several examples chosen to show the use of the methods and the practicability of the graphical and logarithmic computations described.
    Type: NACA-TR-560
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of a series of 10-foot-diameter autogiro rotor models tested in the NACA 20-foot wind tunnel. Four of the models differed only in the airfoil sections of the blades, the sections used being the NACA 0012, 0018, 4412, and 4418. Three additional models employing the NACA 0012 section were tested, in which a varying portion of the blade near the hub was replaced by a streamline tube with a chord of about one-fourth the blade chord.
    Type: NACA-TR-552
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A description of the test methods used at the National Bureau of Standards for determining the characteristics of aircraft compasses is given. The methods described are particularly applicable to compasses in which mineral oil is used as the damping liquid. Data on the viscosity and density of certain mineral oils used in United States Navy aircraft compasses are presented. Characteristics of Navy aircraft compasses IV to IX and some other compasses are shown for the range of temperatures experienced in flight. Results of flight tests are presented. These results indicate that the characteristic most desired in a steering compass is a short period and, in a check compass, a low overswing.
    Type: NACA-TR-551
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of an investigation conducted to study the effects of the inert gases, argon and helium, upon flame speed and expansion ratio in exploding mixtures of carbon monoxide, oxygen and water.For the particular gas mixtures investigated the results show that: (1) With the possible exception of helium in small amounts the addition of inert gas always produces decreased flame speed and expansion ratio; (2) like volumes of argon and helium have very different effects upon flame speed but practically the same effect upon expansion ratio; and (3) the difference in the effect of these two gases upon speed is independent of the ratio of carbon monoxide to oxygen. A discussion of some possible modes by which inert gases may produce the observed effects is included.
    Type: NACA-TR-553
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents the results of wind tunnel tests to determine the effect of wing-tip shape and dihedral on some of the aerodynamic characteristics of Clark Y wings that affect the performance and lateral stability of airplanes. Force tests at several angles of yaw and rotation tests at zero yaw were made. From these tests the rates of change of rolling moment, yawing moment, and cross-wind force coefficients with angle of yaw and the rate of change of rolling moment coefficient with rolling were determined.
    Type: NACA-TR-548
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two improvements have been made in the method developed in NACA Reports nos. 487 and 591 for the estimation of the inflow velocity required to overcome a given decelerating torque in an autogiro rotor. At low tip-speed ratios, where the assumptions necessary for the analytical integrations of the earlier papers are valid, the expressions therein derived are greatly simplified by combining and eliminating terms with a view of minimizing the numerical computations required. At high tip-speed ratios, by means of charts based on graphical integrations, errors inherent in the assumptions associated with the analytical method are largely eliminated. The suggested method of estimating the inflow velocity presupposes a knowledge of the decelerating torque acting on the rotor; all available full-scale experimental information on this subject is included.
    Type: NACA-TR-623
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of a survey of problems encountered in applying general test data to the design of flying-boat hulls. It is shown how basic design features may be readily determined from special plots of test data. A study of the effect of the size of a flying boat on the probable limits to be covered by the general test data is included and recommendations for special tests and new methods of presenting test data for direct use in design are given.
    Type: NACA-TR-625
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The interference of the wind-tunnel boundaries on the downwash behind an airfoil has been experimentally investigated and the results have been compared with the available theoretical results for open-throat wind tunnels. As in previous studies, the simplified theoretical treatment that assumes the test section to be an infinite free jet has been shown to be satisfactory at the lifting line. The experimental results, however, show that this assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the corrections to be applied to the downwash in the region behind the airfoil where the tail surfaces are normally located. The results of a theory based on the more accurate concept of the open-jet wind tunnel as a finite length of free jet provided with a closed exit passage are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
    Type: NACA-TR-609
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report discusses the fundamental action of shear deformation of the flanges on the basis of simplifying assumptions. The theory is developed to the point of giving analytical solutions for simple cases of beams and of skin-stringer panels under axial load. Strain-gage tests on a tension panel and on a beam corresponding to these simple cases are described and the results are compared with analytical results. For wing beams, an approximate method of applying the theory is given. As an alternative, the construction of a mechanical analyzer is advocated.
    Type: NACA-TR-608
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents the results of test made to determine the rolling friction of airplane wheels and tires under various conditions of wheel loading, tire inflation pressure, and ground surface. The effect of wheel-bearing type was also investigated. Six pairs of wheels and tires were tested including two sizes of each of the types designated as standard (high pressure), low pressure, and extra low pressure. The results of calculations intended to show the effect of variations in rolling friction on take-off are also presented.
    Type: NACA-TR-583
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A theory of primary failure of straight centrally loaded columns is presented. It is assumed that the column cross section and the load are constant throughout the length.
    Type: NACA-TR-582
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The two-control operation of a conventional airplane is treated by means of the theory of disturbed motions. The consequences of this method of control are studied with regard to the stability of the airplane in its unconstrained components of motion and the movements set up during turn maneuvers.
    Type: NACA-TR-579
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Single-cylinder compression-ignition engine tests were made to investigate the performance characteristics of prechamber type of cylinder head. Certain fundamental variables influencing engine performance -- clearance distribution, size, shape, and direction of the passage connecting the cylinder and prechamber, shape of prechamber, cylinder clearance, compression ratio, and boosting -- were independently tested. Results of motoring and of power tests, including several typical indicator cards, are presented.
    Type: NACA-TR-577
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  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report is a revision of NACA-TR-357. It was prepared by the Committee on Aircraft Accidents. The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for the classification and comparison of aircraft accidents, both civil and military.
    Type: NACA-TR-576
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The cooling of a single-row radial air-cooled engine using several cowling arrangements has been studied in the NACA 20-foot wind tunnel. The results show the effect of the propeller and several cowling arrangements on cooling for various values of the indicated horsepower in the climb condition. A table giving comparative performance of the various cowling arrangements is presented. The dependence of temperature on indicated horsepower and pressure drop across the baffles is shown by charts. Other charts show the limiting indicated horsepower against the pressure drop across the engine and the heat dissipated at various values of the indicated horsepower.
    Type: NACA-TR-596
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An extended experimental study has been made in regard to the various refinements in the design of engine cowlings as related to the propeller-nacelle unit as a whole, under conditions corresponding to take-off, climb, and normal flight. The tests were all conducted at full scale in the 20-foot wind tunnel. This report presents the results of a novel type of engine cowling, characterized by the fact that the exit opening discharging the cooling air is not, as usual, located behind the engine but at the foremost extremity or nose of the cowling. The efficiency is found to be high, owing to the fact that higher velocities may be used in the exit opening.
    Type: NACA-TR-595
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study carried out at full scale in the NACA 20-foot wind tunnel, the general purpose of which is to furnish information in regard to the functioning of the power plant and propeller unit under different conditions. This report deals particularly with the problem of the cooling of an airplane engines on the ground. The influence of different nose forms, skirts, flaps, propellers, spinners, and special blowers has been investigated.
    Type: NACA-TR-593
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This investigation is part of an extensive experimental study that has been carried out at full scale in the NACA 20-foot tunnel, the purpose of which has been to furnish information in regard to the functioning of the propeller-cowling-nacelle unit under all conditions of take-off, climbing, and normal flight. This report presents the results of tests of six propellers in the normal and high-speed flight range and also includes a study of the take-off characteristics.
    Type: NACA-TR-594
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report describes an investigation using a stroboscopic apparatus for observing flame movement through a large number of small windows distributed over the head of a spark-ignition engine in following flame spread with combustion chambers of different shapes at two engine speed and for a variety of spark-plug locations including single and twin ignition. The principal factors influencing flame movement in the engine are discussed, and the lack of reliable information regarding their separate effects upon the structure of the flame and its speed of propagation are emphasized.
    Type: NACA-TR-556
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of an investigation of a systematically chosen representative group of related airfoils conducted in the NACA variable-density wind tunnel over a wide range of Reynolds number extending well into the flight range. The tests were made to provide information from which the variations of airfoil section characteristics with changes in the Reynolds number could be inferred and methods of allowing for these variations in practice could be determined. This work is one phase of an extensive and general airfoil investigation being conducted in the variable-density tunnel and extends the previously published researches concerning airfoil characteristics as affected by variations in airfoil profile determined at a single value of the Reynolds number.
    Type: NACA-TR-586
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The investigation of wind-tunnel turbulence, conducted at the National Bureau of Standards with the cooperation of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, has been extended to include a new variable, namely, the scale of the turbulence. This report presents the results of a study of this new variable together with the intensity of the turbulence, and the effect of both on the critical Reynolds number of spheres.
    Type: NACA-TR-581
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Fuel was injected from different type of injection nozzles into the combustion chamber of the NACA combustion apparatus, operated as a compression-ignition engine. High speed motion pictures were taken of the fuel sprays and combustion. Single-orifice nozzles of 0.008, 0.020, and 0.040 inch diameter, and multiorifice nozzles having 2, 6, and 16 orifices were tested. Nozzles having impinging jets and slit orifices were also included. The photographs indicate that the rate of vapor diffusion from the spray is comparatively slow and that this slow rate of diffusion for combustion chambers with little or no air flow prevents the compression-ignition engine from giving the high performance inherent in the high compression ratios. The sprays from the multiorifice nozzles destroyed the air movement to a greater extent than did those from single orifice nozzles. It is concluded that high performance cannot be realized until the methods of distributing the fuel are improved by means of the injection-nozzle design, air flow, or both.
    Type: NACA-TR-561
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As part of the wing-fuselage interference investigation in progress in the N.A.C.A. variable density wind tunnel, the effects of various split-flap arrangements applied to wing-fuselage combinations were determined. Split flaps were found to exert their influence independently of the interference, and their effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of rectangular-airfoil combinations appeared to be more or less proportional to their exposed span lengths. The interference, moreover, showed the same character with the split flaps as without them.
    Type: NACA-TN-640
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  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Tests of an 8-blade contra-propeller of 32-inch diameter in combination with a 4-inch, 36-inch diameter adjustable pitch, metal propeller at pitch setting of 15, 25, 35, and 45 degrees at 0.75 R were made. The tests showed a significant increase in effective thrust of the combination over that of the propeller alone for value V/nD somewhat below those for maximum efficiency and without a corresponding increase of power absorbed. From 1/2 percent to 2-1/2 percent in propulsive efficiency was thus gained in this range. In all but one case, however, the peak propulsive efficiency of the combination was found to be from 1 to 2 percent less than that of the propeller alone. Counter torque on the contra-propeller amounted to about 50 percent of the propeller torque.
    Type: NACA-TN-677
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Boundary-layer surveys were made throughout the transition region along a smooth flat plate placed in an airstream of practically zero turbulence and with an adverse pressure gradient. The boundary-layer Reynolds number at the laminar separation point was varied from 1,800 to 2,600. The test data, when considered in the light of certain theoretical deductions, indicated that transition probably began with separation of the laminar boundary layer. The extent of the transition region, defined as the distance from a calculated laminar separation point to the position of the first fully developed turbulent boundary-layer profile, could be expressed as a constant Reynolds number run of approximately 70,000. Some speculations are presented concerning the application of the foregoing concepts, after certain assumptions have been made, to the problem of the connection between transition on the upper surface of an airfoil at high angles of attack and the maximum lift.
    Type: NACA-TN-639
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Rate-of-discharge curves that show the discharge characteristics of an injection system having a very short fuel passage are presented. The rate of discharge closely follows the rate of displacement of the injection-pump plunger for open nozzles in which the maximum calculated pressures at the orifice do not exceed a certain value, which is dependent on the particular injection pump. With small orifices and high pump speeds, the rate of discharge does not follow the rate of plunger displacement because the higher discharge pressure results in increased leakage with corresponding decrease in discharge rate. The rate of discharge is not directly related to the rate of plunger displacement with automatic injection valves having closed nozzles. The types of pump check valve tested did not control the rate of cut-off or the discharge rate but they did affect the injection lag. Use of the short fuel passage eliminated the formation of secondary discharges.
    Type: NACA-TN-676
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  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: N.A.C.A. Model 36, a hull form with parallel middle body for half the length of the forebody and designed particularly for use with stub wings, was tested according to the general fixed-trim method over the range of practical loads, trims, and speeds. It was also tested free to trim with the center of gravity at two different positions. The results are given in the form of nondimensional coefficients. The resistance at the hump was exceptionally low but, at high planing speeds, afterbody interference made the performance only mediocre.
    Type: NACA-TN-638
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made with a specially designed engine to determine the scavenging characteristics of a large number of inlet-port shapes and arrangements and the optimum port arrangement and timing for this particular type of engine. A special cylinder construction permitted wide variations in timing for this particular type of engine. A special cylinder construction permitted wide variations in timing as well as in shape and arrangement of both the inlet and exhaust ports. The study of the effect of port shape combinations and timings on engine performance was made using illuminating gas as a fuel. Through variations in inlet-port arrangement and port timings, the value of the scavenging efficiency was increased from an original 44 percent to approximately 67 percent with a corresponding increase in power. With the optimum port arrangement and timing determined, a large number of performance runs were made under both spark-ignition and compression-ignition operation.
    Type: NACA-TN-674
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study was made of the factors affecting the pressure available for ground cooling in front of a cowling. Most of the results presented were obtained with a set-up that was about one-third full scale. A number of isolated tests on four full-scale airplanes were made to determine the general applicability of the model results. The full-scale tests indicated that the model results may be applied qualitatively to full-scale design and quantitatively as a first approximation of the front pressure available for ground cooling.
    Type: NACA-TN-673
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A preliminary investigation of the stalling processes of four typical airfoil sections was made over the critical range of the Reynolds Number. Motion pictures were taken of the movements of small silk tufts on the airfoil surface as the angle of attack increased through a range of angles including the stall. The boundary-layer flow also at certain angles of attack was indicated by the patterns formed by a suspension of lampblack in oil brushed onto the airfoil surface. These observations were analyzed together with corresponding force-test measurements to derive a picture of the stalling processes of airfoils.
    Type: NACA-TN-672
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method is described of rapidly estimating the position of the laminar separation point from the given pressure distribution along a body; the method is applicable to a fairly wide variety of cases. The laminar separation point is found by the von Karman-Millikan method for a series of velocity distributions along a flat plate, which consist of a region of uniform velocity followed by a region of uniform decreased velocity. It is shown that such a velocity distribution can frequently replace the actual velocity distribution along a body insofar as the effects on laminar separation are concerned. An example of the application of the method is given by using it to calculate the position of the laminar separation point on the NACA 0012 airfoil section at zero lift. The agreement between the position of the separation point calculated according to the present method and that found from more elaborate computations is very good.
    Type: NACA-TN-671
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Wind-tunnel data are presented on the rate of change of yawing moment with sideslip for tests of 9 complete airplane models, 20 fuselage shapes, and 3 wing models with various combinations of dihedral, sweepback, and twist. The data were collected during a survey of existing information, which was made to find a reliable method of computing the yawing moment due to sideslip. Important errors common to methods of computation used at present appear to be due to large interference effects, the investigation of which will undoubtedly require an extensive program of systematic wind-tunnel tests. At present it is necessary to place considerable reliance on past design experience in proportioning an airplane so as to obtain a reasonable degree of directional stability.
    Type: NACA-TN-636
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  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The stall-warning indicator employs a total-head tube located close to the wing surface in a region wherein local stalling occurs before the main portion of the wing stalls. The artificial production of a localized stalled region is accomplished by means of a sharp leading edge extending a few inches along the span. An abrupt drop in the total pressure relative to a static reference taken at some convenient point occurs at the stall in this region. Thin drop in total pressure caused the contraction of a pressure cell to which the total-head tube and the static orifice are connected and closed an electrical circuit that actuates a warning signal.
    Type: NACA-TN-670
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Force tests on rubber de-icer models of several different profiles, at approximately one-third full scale, been carried out in the NACA 8-foot high speed wind tunnel. The conventional de-icer installation, deflated, added about 15 percent to the smooth-wing drag and, inflated, added about 100 percent. An improved installation with flash attaching strips added about 10 percent, deflated. The bulging, or ballooning, of de-icers from the wing surface is described and some remedies are discussed.
    Type: NACA-TN-669
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A model of one of the twin hulls of the Italian Savoia S-55-X flying boat (N.A.C.A. Model 46) was tested in the N.A.C.A. tank according to the general method. The data obtained from these tests cover a broad range of speeds, loads, and trims and are given in nondimensional form to facilitate their use in applying this form of hull to any other flying boat or comparing it's performance with the performance of any other hulls. The results show that the resistance characteristics at best trim of this model are excellent throughout the speed range. In order to compare the performance of the S-55-X hull with that of the 35, a pointed-step hull developed at the N.A.C.A. tank, the data are used in the computations of take-off example of a twin-hull, 23,500-pound flying boat. The calculations show that the S-55-X hull has better take-off performance.
    Type: NACA-TN-635
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present tests illustrate how the aerodynamic drag of a flying boat hull may be reduced by following closely the form of a low drag aerodynamic body and the manner in which the extent of the aerodynamic refinement is limited by poorer hydrodynamic performance. This limit is not sharply defined but is first evidenced by an abnormal flow of water over certain parts of the form accompanied by a sharp increase in resistance. In the case of models 74-A and 75, the resistance (sticking) occurs only at certain combinations of speed, load, and trim and can be avoided by proper control of the trim at high water speeds. Model 75 has higher water resistance at very high speeds than does model 74-A. With constant speed propellers and high takeoff speeds, it appears that the form of model 75 would give slightly better takeoff performance. Model 74-A, however, has lower aerodynamic drag than does model 75 for the same volume of hull.
    Type: NACA-TN-668
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The method of operators is used in the application of nonuniform-lift theory to problems of airplane dynamics. The method is adapted to the determination of the lift under prescribed conditions of motion or to the determination of the motions with prescribed disturbing forces.
    Type: NACA-TN-667
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effect of restraint in pitching introduced by an automatic pilot upon the longitudinal stability of an airplane has been studied. Customary simplifying assumptions have been made in setting down the equations of motion, and the results of computations based on the simplified equations are presented to show the effect of an automatic pilot installed in an airplane of known dimensions and characteristics. The equations developed have been applied by making calculations for a Clark biplane and a Fairchild 22 monoplane.
    Type: NACA-TN-666
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An optically recording engine-pressure indicator of simple and rugged construction has been developed for use in high-pressure and high temperature combustion research. This instrument is of the diaphragm type and has a natural frequency of about 10,000 cycles per second.
    Type: NACA-TN-634
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Three airfoils, the N-85, the N-86, and the N-87, were tested at the request of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, to determine the suitability of these sections for use as propeller-blade sections. Further tests of the NACA 0009-64 airfoil were also made to measure the aerodynamic effect of thickening the trailing edge in accordance with current propeller practice. The N-86 and the N-87 airfoils appear to be nearly equivalent aerodynamically and both are superior to the N-85 airfoil. Comparison of those airfoils with the previously developed NACA 2409-34 airfoils indicate that the NACA 2409-34 is superior, particularly at high speeds. Thickening the trailing edge appears to have a detrimental effect, although the effect may be small if the trailing-edge radius is less than 0.5 percent of the cord. The N-86 and the N-87 airfoils appear to be nearly equivalent.
    Type: NACA-TN-665
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-664
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of tapered and rectangular wings with partial-span plain flaps. Two Clark Y airfoils equipped with center section and with tip-section flaps were tested. The results showed that the aerodynamic characteristics of partial-span plain flaps were, in general, similar to those of split flaps of the same span, but that the lift and the drag were less for the wing with plain flaps than for the wing with split flaps of comparable size. For the rectangular wing with center-section plain flaps, the maximum lift and the lift-drag ratio at maximum lift were greater and the drag at maximum lift was less than for the wing with tip-section plain flaps of the same size. The maximum lift of the tapered wing varied in the same manner as that of the rectangular wing but the drag and the lift-drag-ratio relationship were opposite.
    Type: NACA-TN-663
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Three rectangular monoplane wings having rounded tips were tested on the N.A.C.A. spinning balance in the 5-foot vertical wind tunnel. The airfoil sections used were the N.A.C.A. 0009, 23018, and 6718. The aerodynamic characteristics of the models and a prediction of the angles of sideslip for steady spins are given. There is included an estimate of the yawing moment that must be furnished by parts of the airplane to balance the inertia couples and wing yawing moments for spinning equilibrium. The predicted angles of sideslip and yawing moments required for spinning equilibrium for a Clark Y wing with the same form are included for comparison.
    Type: NACA-TN-633
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The gyroscopic instruments commonly used in instrument flying in the United States are the turn indicator, the directional gyro, the gyromagnetic compass, the gyroscopic horizon, and the automatic pilot. These instruments are described. Performance data and the method of testing in the laboratory are given for the turn indicator, the directional gyro, and the gyroscopic horizon. Apparatus for driving the instruments is discussed.
    Type: NACA-TN-662
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A flight investigation was made of the increase in effectiveness of ailerons that can be obtained by preventing flow of air through the wing at the hinges and of the possibility of reducing the aileron operating force by replacing ailerons having normal open hinge gaps with narrower but equally effective ailerons having sealed hinge gaps. Tests were made with a Fairchild 22 airplane with two sizes of plain unbalanced ailerons, one set having a chord equal to 0.18c, and the other chord equal to 0.09c. The results of the investigation show that improvement of the lateral-control effectiveness is obtained by completely preventing the flow of air through the wing at the hinge axis of conventional ailerons. The magnitude of the improvement depends on the aileron chord. For the 0.18c ailerons the gain in aileron effectiveness due to sealing the gap at the hinge axis was of the order of one-fifth and for the 0.09c ailerons the gain was about one-third. The importance of sealing the gap was demonstrated by the fact that the 0.09c ailerons with a slight increase in deflection range were made as effective as the 0.18c ailerons with an unsealed gap but required only about one-third as large an operating force.
    Type: NACA-TN-632
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made to determine the aerodynamic properties of rectangular and tapered NACA 23012 wings with plain ailerons and a full-span split flap, the flap retracting ahead of the ailerons. Measurements were made of lift and drag and of pitching, rolling, yawing, and hinge moments for all conditions of full-span flaps neutral and deflected at different chord locations. The results of the tests showed that a 0.20c(sub w) full span split flap located at approximately the 0.75c(sub w) point gave higher lift coefficients than had previously been obtained with a conventional 0.20c(sub w) partial-span split flap of a length to permit satisfactory control with plain ailerons. Still higher lifts were obtained if the full-span flap, when deflected, was moved back to the aileron axis. Moving the flap back to the aileron, in general, improved the aileron characteristics over those with the flap retracted. The most promising arrangement of full-span split flap and plain aileron combination tested, both for high lift and lateral control, was the rectangular wing with 0.20c(sub w) deflected 60 degrees at the 0.90c(sub w) location with 0.10c(sub w) semispan ailerons.
    Type: NACA-TN-661
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary fatigue tests on two aluminum-alloy wing-beam specimens subjected to reversed axial loading are described. The motion used consists in incorporating one or two reciprocating motors in a resonance system of which the specimen is the spring element. A description is given of the reciprocating motors, and of the method of assembling and adjusting the vibrating system. The results indicate that the method is well adapted to fatigue tests of not only uniform wing beams but also wing beams with asymmetrical local reinforcements.
    Type: NACA-TN-660
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was conducted in the NACA 20-foot wind tunnel of the ramming effect of three general types of carburetor intake rams for radial engines, namely, the internal constant area type, the external constant area type, and the external expanding type. The rams were installed on a radial air- cooled engine nacelle, and tests were made with and without the propeller operating. The results indicated that the external types having entrances near the front of the engine cowling gave the greatest ramming effect. The propeller increased the ramming effect for the external types. From considerations of the ramming effect, the best entrance location for the external types was close to the nose of the engine cowling. For the internal type, the best location was in a plane perpendicular to the propeller shaft and immediately forward of the engine cylinders.
    Type: NACA-TN-631
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-630
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A large-chord NACA 23012 airfoil was tested. The airfoil extended completely across the test section, and two-dimensional flow was approximated. The model was fitted with a full-span slotted flap having a chord 25.66 percent of the airfoil chord. The ailerons investigated extended over the entire span and each had a chord 10 percent of the airfoil chord. The types of ailerons tested were: retractable ailerons, slot-lip ailerons using the lip of the slot for ailerons, and plain ailerons on the trailing edge of the slotted flap. The data are presented in the form of curves of section lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients for the airfoil with flap deflected but with ailerons neutral, and of rolling-moment, yawing-moment, and hinge-moment coefficients calculated for a rectangular wing of aspect ratio 6 with a semi-span aileron and a full-span flap. For the ailerons investigated the data indicate that, from considerations of rolling and yawing moments produced and of stick forces desired, the retractable aileron is the most satisfactory means of lateral control for use with a full-span slotted flap.
    Type: NACA-TN-659
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The drag of five models of side floats was measured in the N.A.C.A. 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel. The most promising method of reducing the drag of floats indicated by these tests is lowering the angle at which the floats are rigged. The addition of a step to a float does not always increase the drag in the flying range, floats with steps sometimes having lower drag than similar floats without steps. Making the bow chine no higher than necessary might result in a reduction in air drag because of the lower angle of pitch of the chines. Since side floats are used formally to obtain lateral stability when the seaplane is operating on the water at slow speeds or at rest, greater consideration can be given to factors affecting aerodynamic drag than is possible for other types of floats and hulls.
    Type: NACA-TN-680
    Format: application/pdf
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