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  • Rhizobium  (29)
  • Springer  (29)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cambridge University Press
  • De Gruyter
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (29)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
  • 1984  (29)
  • 1959
  • 1937
  • 1936
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (29)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cambridge University Press
    • +
Years
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (29)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
    • +
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of ononitol and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol in pea root nodules (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 161 (1984), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ononitol ; O-Methyl-scyllo-inositol ; Pisum (root nodule) ; Rhizobium ; Root nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ononitol (4-O-methyl-myo-inositol) and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol were identified in pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules formed by twoRhizobium leguminosarum strains. Ononitol was the major soluble carbohydrate in nodules formed by strain 1045 while O-methyl-scyllo-inositol and two unidentified components were dominant in the carbohydrate pattern of the nodules formed by strain 1 a. The cyclitols were also present in the denodulated roots, but to a much smaller extent; in the above-ground plant parts only traces were found. The identification of ononitol and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol was established by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry utilizing trimethylsilyl- and acetyl-derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00951457
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas by washed cells ofRhizobium japonicum and by bacteroids fromGlycine max (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 161 (1984), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Bacteroid ; Glycine (bacteroids) ; Denitrification ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrate, nitrite and nitrous oxide were denitrified to N2 gas by washed cells ofRhizobium japonicum CC706 as well as by bacteroids prepared from root nodules ofGlycine max (L.) Merr. (CV. Clark 63). Radiolabelled N2 was produced from either K15NO3 or Na15NO2 by washed cells ofRh. japonicum CC705 grown with either nitrate only (5 mM) or nitrate (5 mM) plus glutamate (10 mM). Nitrogen gas was also produced from N2O. Similar results were obtained with bacteroids ofG. max. The stoichiometry for the utilization of15NO 3 - or15NO 2 - and the produciton of15N2 was 2:1 and for N2O utilization and N2 production it was 1:1. Some of the15N2 gas produced by denitrification of15NO 3 - in bacteroids was recycled via nitrogenase into cell nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00951463
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmoregulation in Rhizobium meliloti: inhibition of growth by salts (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 124-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Osmotic stress ; Salts ; Glutamic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A defined medium of low osmolarity was developed permitting growth of Rhizobium meliloti with generation times of approximately 2.8 h doubling-1. The effects of sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate and acetate ions on the growth rate of R. meliloti were determined. Sodium, potassium and ammonium ions had little effect on growth at concentrations of 100 mEq or less; magnesium ion inhibited growth severely at concentrations of 50 mEq (25 mM). Of the anions, chloride and sulfate appeared to have little effect while phosphate, bicarbonate, and acetate inhibited growth at concentrations of as little as 25 mEq. The addition of proline, glutamate, or betaine to cells growing in inhibitory concentrations of NaCl did not relieve the inhibition. When grown in the presence of inhibitory levels of NaCl, the intracellular concentration of glutamate but not of proline or gamma amino butyric acid increased 5-fold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414452
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phosphorus supply on phosphate uptake and alkaline phosphatase activity in Rhizobia (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Continuous culture ; Glycerol 1-phosphate uptake ; Phosphate exchange ; Phosphate uptake ; Rhizobium ; Snake bean bacteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of P nutrition on phosphate uptake and alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in chemostat culture for four rhizobial and three bradyrhizobial species. Phosphate-limited cells took up phosphate 10- to 180-fold faster than phosphate-rich cells. The four fast-growing rhizobial strains contained high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity under P-limited conditions compared to the repressed levels found in P-rich cells; alkaline phosphatase activity could not be detected in three slow-growing rhizobial strains, regardless of their P-status. Glycerol 1-phosphate-uptake in the cowpea Rhizobium NGR234 was derepressed over 50-fold under P-limited conditions, and appeared to be co-regulated with phosphate uptake. The phosphate-uptake system appeared similar in all strains with apparent K m values ranging from 1.6 μM to 6.0 μM phosphate and maximum activities from 17.2 to 126 nmol · min-1 · (mg dry weight of cells)-1. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone strongly inhibited phosphate uptake in all strains and a number of other metabolic inhibitors also decreased phosphate uptake in the cowpea Rhizobium NGR234. The phosphate uptake system in all strains failed to catalyse exchange of 32P label in preloaded cells or efflux of phosphate. The results suggest a single, repressible, unidirectional and energy-dependent system for the transport of phosphate into rhizobia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454943
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic metabolism in Rhizobium trifolii —protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Aromatic metabolism in protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase ; R. trifolii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3) has been purified 42-fold from 4-hydroxybenzoate-grown cells of Rhizobium trifolii TA1, where it constitutes about 2% of the cell protein. The dioxygenase has a molecular weight of 220,000, with two dissimilar sub-units of molecular weights 29,000 and 26,500, corresponding to an α4β4 composition. The enzyme is specific for protocatechuate, with a Km of 1.75×10-5 M and maximum activity at pH 9.2. Metal removal and replacement studies indicate that the enzyme contains complexed Fe3+ which is required for activity. Direct atomic absorption analysis gave 1.3–1.5 g atoms Fe3+ per mole of isolated enzyme, but correction for metal-deficient proteins suggests that the value is close to 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen oxidation and efficiency of nitrogen fixation in succinate-limited chemostat cultures ofRhizobium ORS 571 (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Nitrogenase ; Hydrogenase ; Growth yields ; Chemostat ; Cytochromes ; Proton translocation ; ATP/N2 ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium ORS 571, isolated from stem nodules of the tropical legumeSesbania rostrata is able to grow in the chemostat with molecular nitrogen as sole nitrogen source at a specific growth rate of 0.1 h-1. Samples from nitrogenfixing cultures showed high acetylene reduction activities: 1,500 nmol ethylene formed per milligram dry weight per hour. Under nitrogen-fixing conditions an uptake hydrogenase is induced. Ammonia-assimilating cultures, without additional hydrogen, did not induce hydrogenase. The addition of hydrogen to succinate-limited nitrogen-fixing cultures resulted in an increase in the molar growth yield on succinate (Y succinate) from 27 to 35 and a slight decrease in the molar growth yield on oxygen ( $$Y_{O_2 }$$ ), showing that hydrogen oxidation is less energy-yielding than the oxidation of endogenous substrates. Respiration-driven proton translocation measured with starved cells indicated the functioning of site 1 and 2 of oxidative phosphorylation. Cytochrome spectra showed that cytochromea 600, present at high dissolved oxygen tension (d.o.t.) almost completely disappeared at low d.o.t. In flash-photolysis spectra only thea-type cytochrome could be detected as an oxidase in cells both grown at high and low d.o.t. Growth yields in ammonia-assimilating cultures were higher than those measured in nitrogen-fixing cultures. Assuming two sites of oxidative phosphorylation, a molar growth yield on ATP (Y ATP) of about 3 and 6 was calculated for respecticely nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-assimilating cultures. TheY ATP under nitrogen-fixing conditions is dependent on the amount of H2 formed per mol N2 fixed (H2/N2 ratio). A method has been described to calculate the total amount of ATP use by nitrogenase during the fixation of 1 mol N2 (ATP/N2 ratio) and H2/N2 ratios in aerobic nitrogen fixing organisms. This calculation yielded that nitrogen fixation inRhizobium ORS 571 is a high ATP-consuming process. The calculated ATP/N2 and H2/N2 ratios were respectively 42 and 7.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692712
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuous culture study of the phosphorus nutrition of Rhizobium trifollii WU95, Rhizobium NGR234 and Bradyrhizobium CB756 (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 276-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Continuous culture ; Growth yields ; Phosphate ; Phosphorus nutrition ; Polyphosphate ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract With continuous cultures in a fully defined minimal salts medium steady states were achieved at both limiting and non-limiting concentrations of phosphate in the inflowing medium for Rhizobium trifolii WU95, cowpea Rhizobium NGR234, and Bradyrhizobium CB756. Millimolar growth yields obtained from P-limited cultures varied over 2-fold from 3.2 g dry weight·(mmol P)-1 for WU95 to 5.3 g dry weight·(mmol P)-1 for CB756 and 7.2 g dry weight·(mmol P)-1 for NGR234. For both WU95 and NGR234 growth under P-excess conditions resulted in elevated levels of total biomass P and the storage compound polyphosphate, compared with P-limited cultures. However, P-limited cultures of these two strains still contained significant quantities of polyphosphate. The P-status for CB756 cultures did not affect either total biomass P or polyphosphate levels. Alkaline phosphatase was maximally derepressed in P-limited cultures of WU95 and NGR234. However, in CB756 alkaline phosphatase was not detected at significant levels regardless of its P supply. These data suggest that growth of rhizobia is controlled predominantly by the attainment of a critical internal P level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454942
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Legume-Rhizobium interactions: host induced alterations in capsular polysaccharides and infectivity of cowpea Rhizobia (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Legume ; Preinfection events ; Symbiont recognition ; Capsular polysaccharide composition ; Root exudate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of the log phase cells of Rhizobium sp. strain 1001 were altered within 6 h of incubation in the root exudate of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) plants grown in the absence of combined nitrogen. Electrophoretic or DEAE-Sephadex separation of the native CPS yielded two fractions while the CPS of the cultures incubated in root exudate (host induced CPS) yielded three fractions. The relative proportions of sugars in the total CPS were different. The host induced CPS contained two new sugars, arabinose and xylose, in addition to the native components of mannose, glucose and galactose. Addition of the host induced CPS to cowpea roots enhanced the nodulation efficiency of Rhizobium sp. strain 1001 under low inoculum density. None of the above host mediated changes occurred on incubation of the rhizobia with root exudate of cowpea plants grown in the presence of NH 4 + , indicating the regulatory effect of combined nitrogen on the symbiotic properties of legume root secretions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454939
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phosphorus supply on periplasmic protein profiles in Rhizobia (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Continuous culture ; Periplasmic proteins ; Phosphate uptake ; Phosphorus nutrition ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lysozyme/EDTA treatment of four fast-growing rhizobia released repeatable protein profiles after polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Similar treatment of slow-growing rhizobia failed to release such periplasmic proteins. For the four-fast-growing rhizobia, both P-repressible and P-inducible protein bands occurred. The only P-repressible protein identified was alkaline phosphatase, which showed strain differences in both electrophoretic mobility and activation by Mg2+. The derepression of the P-repressible periplasmic proteins in cowpea Rhizobium NGR234 correlated with derepression of both phosphate and glycerol 1-phosphate uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454944
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appearance and accumulation of nodulin mRNAs and their relationship to the effectiveness of root nodules (1984)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 3 (1984), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: soybean ; nitrogen fixation ; nodule-specific genes ; Rhizobium ; Northern blots ; RNA dot blots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cloned cDNAs corresponding to mRNAs which accumulate in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of soybean (nodulin mRNAs) were used as probes to investigate the sizes, sequence relationships, tissue specificities and developmental accumulations of individual nodulin mRNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that the NodB, NodC and NodD mRNA sequences are 1 150, 770, and 3 150 nucleotides long, respectively, which is consistent with the previously determined sizes of the hybrid-selected translation products (27 000, 24 000 and 100 000 MW, respectively). The NodA clones pNodA15 and pNodA25 hybridized to two mRNAs of lengths 1 600 and 1 100 nucleotides, indicating that they contain significant sequence homologies. However, increasing the hybridization stringency showed that the pNodA15 clone encodes the 1 600 nucleotide mRNA corresponding to the major NodA hybrid-selected translation product (44 000 MW) while pNodA25 encodes an mRNA of 1 100 nucleotides. The latter probably corresponds to one of two smaller (23 500 and 24 500 MW) in vitro translation products. RNA dot-blot hybridizations indicated that nodulin and leghemoglobin mRNAs began to appear and accumulate in Rhizobium infected root tissue very early (day 3 to 5) and reached fully induced levels by day 11. This accumulation was specific for nodule tissue (except for the NodD sequence) and preceded the accumulation of nitrogen fixation activity. Nodules produced by different effective Rhizobium strains accumulated similar levels of leghemoglobin and nodulin mRNAs while ineffective strains had a pleiotropic affect. While one ineffective strain (61A24) gave reduced levels of all these mRNAs, the other (SM5) gave levels which were nearly normal by the time nitrogen fixation activity should have reached its maximal level (day 17). Thus, leghemoglobin and nodulin genes are switched on soon after infection, prior to nodule morphogenesis, and the switch occurs prior to and is independent of nitrogen fixation activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023412
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