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  • Articles  (206)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (206)
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  • Articles  (206)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (206)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: DCoH, the dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1, stimulates gene expression by associating with specific DNA binding proteins and also catalyzes the dehydration of the biopterin cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The x-ray crystal structure determined at 3 angstrom resolution reveals that DCoH forms a tetramer containing two saddle-shaped grooves that comprise likely macromolecule binding sites. Two equivalent enzyme active sites flank each saddle, suggesting that there is a spatial connection between the catalytic and binding activities. Structural similarities between the DCoH fold and nucleic acid-binding proteins argue that the saddle motif has evolved to bind diverse ligands or that DCoH unexpectedly may bind nucleic acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Endrizzi, J A -- Cronk, J D -- Wang, W -- Crabtree, G R -- Alber, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3206, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hydro-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: Apoptosis plays an important role during neuronal development, and defects in apoptosis may underlie various neurodegenerative disorders. To characterize molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal apoptosis, the contributions to cell death of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members, including ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-JUN NH2-terminal protein kinase), and p38, were examined after withdrawal of nerve growth factor (NGF) from rat PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. NGF withdrawal led to sustained activation of the JNK and p38 enzymes and inhibition of ERKs. The effects of dominant-interfering or constitutively activated forms of various components of the JNK-p38 and ERK signaling pathways demonstrated that activation of JNK and p38 and concurrent inhibition of ERK are critical for induction of apoptosis in these cells. Therefore, the dynamic balance between growth factor-activated ERK and stress-activated JNK-p38 pathways may be important in determining whether a cell survives or undergoes apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Z -- Dickens, M -- Raingeaud, J -- Davis, R J -- Greenberg, M E -- CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1326-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Enzyme Activation ; Genes, jun ; *JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 3 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Neurons/*cytology/enzymology ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction ; Staurosporine ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: A heptadecapeptide was identified and purified from porcine brain tissue as a ligand for an orphan heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (LC132) that is similar in sequence to opioid receptors. This peptide, orphanin FQ, has a primary structure reminiscent of that of opioid peptides. Nanomolar concentrations of orphanin FQ inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cells transfected with LC132. This inhibitory activity was not affected by the addition of opioid ligands, nor did the peptide activate opioid receptors. Orphanin FQ bound to its receptor in a saturable manner and with high affinity. When injected intracerebroventricularly into mice, orphanin FQ caused a decrease in locomotor activity but did not induce analgesia in the hot-plate test. However, the peptide produced hyperalgesia in the tail-flick assay. Thus, orphanin FQ may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinscheid, R K -- Nothacker, H P -- Bourson, A -- Ardati, A -- Henningsen, R A -- Bunzow, J R -- Grandy, D K -- Langen, H -- Monsma, F J Jr -- Civelli, O -- DA 08562/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 09620/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):792-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pharma Division, Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/chemistry ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Injections, Spinal ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/chemistry/*isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Swine ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The control of calcium release from intracellular stores (the sarcoplasmic reticulum) in cardiac muscle was examined with the use of a confocal microscope and voltage clamp techniques. Depolarization evoked graded calcium release by altering the extent of spatial and temporal summation of elementary calcium release events called "calcium sparks." These evoked sparks were triggered by local L-type calcium channel currents in a stochastic manner, were similar at different potentials, and resembled spontaneous calcium sparks. Once triggered, the calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during a calcium spark was independent of the duration of the triggering calcium influx. These results were used to develop a unifying model for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling that explains the large (but paradoxically stable) amplification of the trigger calcium influx by a combination of digital and analog behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannell, M B -- Cheng, H -- Lederer, W J -- HL25675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL36974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1045-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/physiology ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Muscle Proteins/physiology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Probability ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces both differentiation and survival of neurons by binding to the Trk receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Although Ras is required for differentiation, it was not required for NGF-mediated survival of rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells in serum-free medium. However, the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis (programmed cell death) was inhibited by wortmannin or LY294002, two specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-3 kinase. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) prevented apoptosis of PC-12 cells expressing the wild-type PDGF receptor, but not of cells expressing a mutant receptor that failed to activate Pl-3 kinase. Cell survival thus appears to be mediated by a Pl-3 kinase signaling pathway distinct from the pathway that mediates differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yao, R -- Cooper, G M -- R01 CA 18689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):2003-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androstadienes/pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare/*standards ; Animals ; Rats ; Research/*standards ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Furosemide, a chloride cotransport inhibitor, reversibly blocked synchronized burst discharges in hippocampal slices without reducing the pyramidal cell response to single electrical stimuli. Images of the intrinsic optical signal acquired during these slice experiments indicated that furosemide coincidentally blocked changes in extracellular space. In urethane-anesthetized rats, systemically injected furosemide blocked kainic acid-induced electrical discharges recorded from cortex. These results suggest that (i) neuronal synchronization involved in epileptiform activity can be dissociated from synaptic excitability; (ii) nonsynaptic mechanisms, possibly associated with furosemide-sensitive cell volume regulation, may be critical for synchronization of neuronal activity; and (iii) agents that affect extracellular volume may have clinical utility as antiepileptic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochman, D W -- Baraban, S C -- Owens, J W -- Schwartzkroin, P A -- NS07144/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15317/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*pharmacology ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Extracellular Space/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fay, F S -- HL14523/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL47530/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebral Arteries/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; *Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism/*physiology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Immune responses dominated by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing T helper type 2 (TH2) cells or by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T helper type 1 (TH1) cells express distinctive protection against infection with different pathogens. Interleukin-4 promotes the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into IL-4 producers and suppresses their development into IFN-gamma producers. CD1-specific splenic CD4+NK1.1+ T cells, a numerically minor population, produced IL-4 promptly on in vivo stimulation. This T cell population was essential for the induction of IL-4-producing cells and for switching to immunoglobulin E, an IL-4-dependent event, in response to injection of antibodies to immunoglobulin D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimoto, T -- Bendelac, A -- Watson, C -- Hu-Li, J -- Paul, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1845-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunoglobulin E/*biosynthesis ; Interleukin-4/biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spleen/cytology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are thought to influence many processes in vertebrate development because of their diverse sites of expression and wide range of biological activities in in vitro culture systems. As a means of elucidating embryonic functions of FGF-4, gene targeting was used to generate mice harboring a disrupted Fgf4 gene. Embryos homozygous for the null allele underwent uterine implantation and induced uterine decidualization but did not develop substantially thereafter. As was consistent with their behavior in vivo, Fgf4 null embryos cultured in vitro displayed severely impaired proliferation of the inner cell mass, whereas growth and differentiation of the inner cell mass were rescued when null embryos were cultured in the presence of FGF-4 protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, B -- Poueymirou, W -- Papaioannou, V E -- DeChiara, T M -- Goldfarb, M -- HD21988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD27198/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):246-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/cytology/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morula/drug effects/physiology ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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