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  • Articles  (14)
  • wear  (14)
  • Springer  (14)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (14)
  • Philosophy
  • Geosciences
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  • Articles  (14)
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  • Springer  (14)
  • American Ceramics Society
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • De Gruyter
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  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1995-1999
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material and Energy Interactions between Milling Bodies, Milled Particles, and Milling Environment (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 8 (2000), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Ultrafine milling ; milling environment ; mechanically induced surface oxidation ; wear ; contamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Changes in particle size, surface state, and composition brought about by planetary and vibration milling of silicon and quartz in various permittivity liquids were investigated. Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques (IRS, XPS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy) the changes in quality of the superficial layers of milled particles have been determined. During energy-intensive milling, the material being milled intensively interacts with the media and milling environment. The nature of the interaction and quality of the surface shell covering the milled particles depend on the reactivity and hardness of the interacting solids and of the milling environment. During planetary milling of silicon with tungsten carbide media, the superficial layers are formed by silicon suboxides and silicon oxide. The thickness of the superficial layer and the share of SiO2 increase with increasing permittivity of liquids. Milling with steel media results in a more complicated composition of the superficial layer. According to Mössbauer spectra, the iron is present in two main forms: as a magnetically ordered form identical with basic material of balls and in a paramagnetic form as a product of a mechanically stimulated surface reaction between Si and Fe. The presence of the superficial layers on the milled particles of silicon and quartz markedly influences the values of the specific surface area. This influence should be taken into consideration when calculating the specific contamination of the milled powder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011330024893
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wear study of carbon–silicon carbide couples (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: carbon ; silicon carbide ; tribometer ; wear ; friction torque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This experimental study concerns the tribological properties of different carbon/porous silicon carbide couples. The aim of this is to characterize the optimum friction couple (carbon/silicon carbide) for dynamic sealing elements in automotive water pumps. A tribometer was used to determine the wear of these material couples. The parameters able to influence the wear, namely the surface finish of the porous silicon carbide material, the quality of the carbon material, the normal load, the surroundings and the speed (in the case of dynamic friction), have been studied. It is evident from this study that the estimated average wear calculated by an empirical mathematical model is reliable except under conditions of extreme friction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019106411807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using FIB-processed AFM cantilevers to determine microtribology characteristics (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 9 (2000), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: atomic force microscope ; wear ; contact area ; pull-off force ; friction force ; parallel leaf spring ; relative humidity ; focused ion beam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microtribology characteristics were determined by using a combination of single asperities and three types of FIB (focused ion beam)-processed cantilevers for AFM (atomic force microscope). First, single gold asperities were rubbed with single and parallel leaf springs. For the parallel leaf spring, the pull-off force was proportional to the worn area of the gold asperity peak. The total volume of the gold asperity only slightly changed with rubbing. Second, the friction force on a worn asperity was measured by using a double parallel leaf spring, and the results showed that the friction force was proportional to the sum of the normal load and the pull-off force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018892007915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sliding wear behavior of ceramic, plasma sprayed on casting aluminum alloy against SiC ball (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: tribology ; friction ; wear ; plasma spray ; aluminum alloy ; coating ; residual stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The wear behavior of Al2O3–40% TiO2 and Cr2O3 deposited on a casting aluminum alloy (ASTM A356) by plasma spray against an SiC ball was investigated. It was found that the voids and porosities of the coating surface generated cracks. As the tensile stresses in the coating increased with an increased friction coefficient, the columnar grain of the coating fractured at the critical stress point. It was also found that the cohesiveness of the splats and porosity of the surface both played a role in the wear characteristics. It is suggested that the thermal expansion mismatch of the substrate and coating plays an important role in the wear performance. Tensile, compressive, and thermo-mechanical stress may also occur due to this same thermal expansion mismatch of the substrate and coating. Crack propagation above the interface was observed with a SEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019110512715
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tribological characteristics of polycrystalline Magnéli-type titanium dioxides (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 117-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: Magnéli-phases ; shear planes ; planar defects ; ceramics ; dry friction ; high temperature ; titania ; wear ; work-hardening ; TEM ; humidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The results presented in this paper have clarified experimentally, that titania-based Magnéli-phases (Ti4O7/Ti5O9 and Ti6O11) with (121)-shear planes exhibit more anti-wear properties than lubricious (low-frictional) properties. The results for dry sliding indicate that the coefficients of friction lie in the range of 0.1–0.6 depending on sliding speed and ambient temperature. The COF decreased with increasing temperature (T= 22–800°C) and increasing sliding speed (υ= 1−6 m/s). The dry sliding wear rate was lowest for the Al2O3 at 1 m/s at 800°C with values of 1.7 × 10−8 and 6.4 × 10−8 mm3/N m, comparable to boundary/mixed lubrication, associated with a high dry frictional power loss of 30 W/mm2. The running-in wear length and, more important, the wear rate decreased under oscillating sliding tests with increasing relative humidity. The contact pressure for high-/low-wear transition increased under oscillating sliding tests with increasing relative humidity. At room temperature and a relative humidity of 100% the steady-state wear rate under dry oscillating sliding for the couple Al2O3/Ti4O7–Ti5O9 was lower than 2 × 10−7 mm3/N m and therefore inferior to the resolution of the continuous wear measurement sensor. TEM of wear tracks from oscillating sliding revealed at room temperature a work-hardening as mechanism to explain the running-in behavior and the high wear resistance. The hydroxylation of titania surfaces favours the high-/low-wear transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019170831371
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnéli phases of anion-deficient rutile as lubricious oxides. Part I. Tribological behavior of single-crystal and polycrystalline rutile (Ti n O2n−1) (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: solid lubricants ; lubricious oxides ; TiO2 ; rutile ; oxygen stoichiometry ; Magnéli phases ; tribometry ; friction ; wear ; shear strength ; temperature ; atmosphere ; extreme environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In part I of this paper series, wide temperature range SEM-tribometric results generated in vacuum and various partial pressures of oxygen are combined with relevant literature data to examine a hypothesis correlating the oxygen stoichiometry of the Ti n O2n−1 Magnéli phases of the rutile polymorph of titania with their tribological behavior. Single-crystal and polycrystalline rutile specimens of narrow stoichiometry ranges were sliding against α-SiC and themselves. The surface shear strength changes were determined as a function of the thermal–atmospheric test environment, and the shear strength values were estimated by the coefficients of friction, the real area of contact and the published yield strength of rutile. The data appear to be sufficient and sufficiently reliable to confirm the accuracy of the hypothesis. The tendency of the rutile stoichiometry (ergo the friction) to shift as a function of temperature and partial pressure of oxygen causes this material to be thermo-oxidatively unstable for tribological applications in extreme environments. In part II, a study is described to formulate oxidatively more stable Magnéli phases by Cu-doping, and test the new materials by SEM tribometry using a procedure used for pure rutile here in part I. By employing this doping methodology similar to creating high-temperature superconductive oxides in part II, some feasibility of producing oxidatively stable, lubricious oxides with acceptably low wear rates is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019122915441
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lubrication using a microstructurally engineered oxide: performance and mechanisms (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: microstructure ; lubricious oxides ; engineered ; ZnO ; friction ; wear ; vacuum ; relative humidity ; moisture ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxide coatings have the potential to lubricate over a wide range of environmental conditions. However, oxides are typically brittle, form abrasive wear debris, and have high friction. ZnO is no exception; hot-pressed 1–2 µm ZnO has a friction coefficient of about 0.6 and causes extensive wear on steel counterfaces. Microstructural engineering may be used to permit plastic deformation and the formation of lubricious transfer films. The work presented here focuses on controlling the microstructure and chemistry within ZnO to provide low-friction and long-life coatings (e.g., µ=0.1−0.2, 1M+ sliding cycles). Coatings having a (0001) columnar texture with good crystallinity along the c-axis wear quickly and generate substantial wear debris. Depositions that create a (0001) texture with a mosaic substructure within the columns deform plastically. Here, nanocrystalline structures may enhance grain boundary sliding and contribute to plastic deformation and low friction. Dislocation motion within ZnO is enhanced by oxygen adsorption, which may further reduce friction by lowering shear strength. In addition, it is likely that defects arising from oxygen deficiency and the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanostructures, promote adsorption of water and/or oxygen. The adsorbed species can reduce friction through passivation of dangling or strained bonds. The complex interaction of mechanical and surface chemical effects result in millions of dry sliding cycles on nanostructured coatings in 50% RH air. In addition, the coatings have low friction in vacuum. Coating characterization and performance are discussed and a mechanism to explain the tribological properties is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019187202237
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of densification and TiB2 reinforcement on the wear of molybdenum disilicide (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: wear ; molybdenum disilicide ; densification ; reinforcement ; hardness ; fracture toughness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wear tests were done in a pin‐on‐disc machine by sliding MoSi2 pins against hard‐steel discs in a normal load range of 5–140 N and a speed of 0.5 m/s under nominally dry conditions in the ambient. The specific wear rate of the pin undergoes two transitions: severe to mild at low load and mild to severe at high load. The mild‐wear domain is distinguished by the formation of a protective mechanically mixed layer of steel and its oxides, transferred from the counterface in particulate form. Increasing the hardness by densification and TiB2 reinforcement lowers the specific wear rate and expands the mild‐wear load domain. However, even when the volume wear rate is normalised with respect to the real contact area (load/hardness) the non‐dimensional wear factor is still seen to decrease with densification and reinforcement. This indicates that fracture toughness may also play an important role in determining the wear‐resistance of these materials. The surface coverage on the pin by the mechanically mixed layer increases with densification and reinforcement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019112007689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some recent progress in microtribology in Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 9 (2000), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: friction ; lubrication ; wear ; zero-wear devices ; superlubricity ; lubricant molecule ; tribochemical reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The “micro” in the word of microtribology is defined as science and engineering supported by modern physics and chemistry. In the engineering area, the ultimate goal of microtribology is to create practical zero-wear devices. The importance of microtribology was recognized by Japanese scientists and engineers in the latter half of the 1980s, and much progress has been made in microtribological studies of mechanisms of friction, lubrication with very thin liquid films, and microwear processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018812612458
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wear test of cemented tungsten carbide at high atmospheric temperature (400°C) (2000)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 8 (2000), S. 130-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: cemented WC–Co alloy ; wear ; pin-on-disc wear testing machine ; fluorescent X-ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cemented tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) alloy has good mechanical properties, so it is widely used for cutting tools, wear-resistant dies and rolls, and shock-resistant punching dies. In this study, a wear test between cemented WC–Co alloy and carbon steel is carried out using a pin-on-disc wear-testing machine. The characteristics as to wear rate, coefficient of friction and surface roughness are investigated. Pin specimen and disc specimen surfaces are analyzed by a fluorescent X-ray analyzer. In addition, the wear characteristics of WC–Co alloy are confirmed by SEM observation of the microstructure of the cemented WC–Co alloy specimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019127016350
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