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  • Articles  (292)
  • *Biological Evolution  (162)
  • Rats  (130)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (292)
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  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • Articles  (292)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (292)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer Nature
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (151)
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  • 2010-2014  (192)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1
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    Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: Angiogenesis is thought to depend on a precise balance of positive and negative regulation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang1 is essential for normal vascular development in the mouse. An Ang1 relative, termed angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang1 and Tie2. Transgenic overexpression of Ang2 disrupts blood vessel formation in the mouse embryo. In adult mice and humans, Ang2 is expressed only at sites of vascular remodeling. Natural antagonists for vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases are atypical; thus, the discovery of a negative regulator acting on Tie2 emphasizes the need for exquisite regulation of this angiogenic receptor system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisonpierre, P C -- Suri, C -- Jones, P F -- Bartunkova, S -- Wiegand, S J -- Radziejewski, C -- Compton, D -- McClain, J -- Aldrich, T H -- Papadopoulos, N -- Daly, T J -- Davis, S -- Sato, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):55-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Angiopoietin-2 ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/embryology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphokines/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Biology recapitulates phylogeny (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillis, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):218-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. hillis@bull.zo.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9132943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; *Phylogeny ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Amidation of bioactive peptides: the structure of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: Many neuropeptides and peptide hormones require amidation at the carboxyl terminus for activity. Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) catalyzes the amidation of these diverse physiological regulators. The amino-terminal domain of the bifunctional PAM protein is a peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) with two coppers that cycle through cupric and cuprous oxidation states. The anomalous signal of the endogenous coppers was used to determine the structure of the catalytic core of oxidized rat PHM with and without bound peptide substrate. These structures strongly suggest that the PHM reaction proceeds via activation of substrate by a copper-bound oxygen species. The mechanistic and structural insight gained from the PHM structures can be directly extended to dopamine beta-monooxygenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prigge, S T -- Kolhekar, A S -- Eipper, B A -- Mains, R E -- Amzel, L M -- DK32949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM44692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1300-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Copper/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dipeptides/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/chemistry/metabolism ; Electrons ; Hydroxylation ; Ligands ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    'Living fossil' fish is dethroned (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9304212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/*genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Fishes/classification/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Phylogenetic methods come of age: testing hypotheses in an evolutionary context (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: The use of molecular phylogenies to examine evolutionary questions has become commonplace with the automation of DNA sequencing and the availability of efficient computer programs to perform phylogenetic analyses. The application of computer simulation and likelihood ratio tests to evolutionary hypotheses represents a recent methodological development in this field. Likelihood ratio tests have enabled biologists to address many questions in evolutionary biology that have been difficult to resolve in the past, such as whether host-parasite systems are cospeciating and whether models of DNA substitution adequately explain observed sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huelsenbeck, J P -- Rannala, B -- GM40282/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):227-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. john@mws4.biol.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; *DNA/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Hantavirus/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Mutation ; Phthiraptera/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Rodentia/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Searching for living relics of the cell's early days (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9312854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics/ultrastructure ; *Eukaryotic Cells/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Giardia lamblia/physiology/ultrastructure ; Microsporida/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Mitochondria/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Gene discovery offers tentative clues to Parkinson's (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lewy Bodies/chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease/etiology/*genetics ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Rats ; Synucleins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    NGF signals ride a trolley to nucleus (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9289850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, trkA ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Neurogenesis in postnatal rat spinal cord: a study in primary culture (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: Spinal cord injuries result in paralysis, because when damaged neurons die they are not replaced. Neurogenesis of electrophysiologically functional neurons occurred in spinal cord cultured from postnatal rats. In these cultures, the numbers of immunocytochemically identified neurons increased over time. Additionally, neurons identified immunocytochemically or electrophysiologically incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, confirming they had differentiated from mitotic cells in vitro. These findings suggest that postnatal spinal cord retains the capacity to generate functional neurons. The presence of neuronal precursor cells in postnatal spinal cord may offer new therapeutic approaches for restoration of function to individuals with spinal cord injuries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kehl, L J -- Fairbanks, C A -- Laughlin, T M -- Wilcox, G L -- DA07097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA07234/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DE00225/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):586-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9110976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitosis ; Neurons/chemistry/*cytology/metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/analysis ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/chemistry/*cytology ; Tubulin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Anthropoid origins (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-07
    Description: Recent fossil discoveries have greatly increased our knowledge of the morphology and diversity of early Anthropoidea, the suborder to which humans belong. Phylogenetic analysis of Recent and fossil taxa supports the hypotheses that a haplorhine-strepsirrhine dichotomy existed at least at the time of the earliest record of fossil primates (earliest Eocene) and that eosimiids (middle Eocene, China) are primitive anthropoids. Functional analysis suggests that stem haplorhines were small, nocturnal, arboreal, visually oriented insectivore-frugivores with a scurrying-leaping locomotion. A change from nocturnality to diurnality was the fundamental adaptive shift that occurred at the base of the tarsier-eosimiid-anthropoid clade. Stem anthropoids remained small diurnal arborealists but adopted locomotor patterns with more arboreal quadrupedalism and less leaping. A shift to a more herbivorous diet occurred in several anthropoid lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kay, R F -- Ross, C -- Williams, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 7;275(5301):797-804.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Box 3170, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Circadian Rhythm ; Diet ; *Fossils ; *Haplorhini/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Locomotion ; Orbit/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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