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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,891)
  • General Chemistry  (3,655)
  • Bayern
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 2020-2024  (11)
  • 1930-1934  (7,912)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Environment Management ; Environmental Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Materials Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Identifcation of ontogenetic age classes plays an important role in the felds of zoology, palaeontology and archaeology, where accurate age classifcations of (sub)fossil remains are a crucial component for the reconstruction \nof past life. Textural ageing\xe2\x80\x94the identifcation of age-related bone surface textures\xe2\x80\x94provides a size-independent \nmethod for age assessment of vertebrate material. However, most of the work so far is limited to qualitative results. \nWhile qualitative approaches provide helpful insights on textural ageing patterns, they are heavily subject to observer \nbias and fall short of quantitative data relevant for detailed statistical analyses and cross-comparisons. Here, we present a pilot study on the application of 3D surface digital microscopy to quantify bone surface textures on the long \nbones of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) using internationally verifed \nroughness parameters. Using a standardised measuring protocol, computed roughness values show a strong correlation with qualitative descriptions of textural patterns. Overall, higher roughness values correspond to increased numbers of grooves and pits and vice versa. Most of the roughness parameters allowed distinguishing between diferent \nontogenetic classes and closely followed the typical sigmoidal animal growth curve. Our results show that bone \ntexture quantifcation is a feasible approach to identifying ontogenetic age classes.
    Keywords: General Physics and Astronomy ; General Environmental Science ; General Biochemistry ; Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Materials Science ; General Chemistry ; Roughness ; Surfaces ; Taphonomy ; Topography ; Bone ; Ontogeny ; Digital microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: ​Dieses Open-Access-Buch befasst sich mit der Einstellung der bayerischen Militärführung in Hinblick auf die Rezeption als auch Adaption technischer Innovation bzw. deren ersten praktischen Anwendung im Krieg von 1866. Das 19. Jahrhundert stellte das bayerische Königreich vor mehrere Herausforderungen. Die militärische Partizipation an den Napoleonischen Kriegen endete zwar erfolgreich, jedoch brachte sie beinahe die Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Staates mit sich. Obwohl die bayerische Streitmacht nach wie vor den großen Stolz des Landes darstellte, rückte sie fortan in den Fokus der Einsparungspolitik König Ludwigs I. Folglich waren die Mittel, welche der Armee zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, streng reguliert und reichten lediglich dafür aus, um die laufenden Kosten zu decken. Eine schleichende, degenerative Heeresentwicklung – sowohl auf personeller, als auch technischer Ebene – resultierte hieraus. Problematisch wurde diese Vernachlässigung, nachdem immer mehr europäische Streitmächte einen technischen Modernisierungsprozess begannen. Neue Waffensysteme wurden erprobt und eingeführt, die Nutzung der Eisenbahn zur Erhöhung der Mobilität diskutiert. Wie stand die bayerische Armeeführung diesen Entwicklungen gegenüber? Konnten bzw. durften derartige Prozesse einfach ignoriert werden?
    Keywords: Bayerische Geschichte ; Technik ; Industrielle Revolution ; Landesgeschichte ; 1866 ; Deutscher Bruderkrieg ; Bayern ; Technische Innovation ; Bayerische Kriegsführung ; Adaption ; Bruderkrieg ; Geschichte ; Kriegsführung ; Innovation ; Rezeption ; Deutsche Einigungskriege ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The essential principles of green chemistry are the use of renewable raw materials, highly efficient catalysts and green solvents linked with energy efficiency and process optimization in real-time. Experts from different fields show, how to examine all levels from the molecular elementary steps up to the design and operation of an entire plant for developing novel and efficient production processes.
    Keywords: Process Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Technical Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Verlag Julius Klinkhardt
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Contrary to the assumption of worldwide diffusion processes of internationally circulating reform ideas in education there are examples of regions that resist. In the present study, the phenomenon of incorporating international reform ideas into local education systems is examined using new institutionalism as a theory for its explanatory power of worldwide diffusion processes in education together with a set of cases that offer semi-lab-like conditions: Not all German federated states have adopted Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees for teacher training; some have maintained the state examination. Based on this empirical finding, the question of the dissertation is: Whether and how were the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in German teacher training implemented on the federated statelevel in the period between 1999 and 2013? It can be shown that the federal ministers of higher education specified three core characteristics of the Bologna Process, namely the introduction of Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, a credit point system, and modularisation. A decision of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of Germany made in 2005 further ensured that the reformed degrees were recognised nationwide for teachers as well. The educational organisations’ demands were characterised by a large number of positive and only a few negative votes concerning the implementation of the Bologna Process in German teacher education. To provide specific insights into the reform process, this study focuses on teacher training for secondary school teachers, comparing the teacher training regulations as of 1999 with all subsequent changes until 2013 to obtain the degree of change for each federated state. As a result, it can be stated that eight states introduced reformed degrees into secondary school teacher education and eight states kept the state examination. Both groups are then compared as to whether a change of the degree towards Bachelor’s and Master’s is more likely to be accompanied by further reforms. The results suggest that while changes have occurred in all states, the percentage increase of courses in education and didactics, as well as the increased study duration, correlates positively with a change of the degree structure. Therefore one can interpret that the Bologna reforms, especially those concerning the degree structure, were used to implement other curricular and structural reforms that were not related to the Bologna Process itself. In the last step, plenary debates on the federated state level regarding the introduction of these Bologna reforms are analysed to examine the justifications for the introduction of a change in the degree structure, as well as for maintaining the state examination. Justifications or strategies for preserving the state examination are particularly relevant because they act against the political and public expectations analysed earlier. In a nutshell, it can be stated that the innovative strength of the partial reforms adopted in the hybrid model and the exclusion of a fundamental criticism of Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees are used as a strategy to reject the implementation of a new degree structure without being interpreted as non-innovative. Federated states that implemented the degree reform referenced decisions made in other states or regions, as well as possible negative consequences of not implementing the degrees, to support their decision while also presenting it within the discourse as a window of opportunity for more fundamental reforms in teacher training.
    Description: Entgegen der Annahme weltweiter Diffusionsprozesse international kursierender Reformideen in der Bildungspolitik gibt es Beispiele für Regionen, die sich widersetzen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird dieses Phänomen mithilfe eines Sets an Fällen untersucht, die in ihrer Gesamtheit quasi-laborartige Bedingungen bieten: Im Zuge des Bologna-Prozesses haben einige Bundesländer die Abschlüsse ‚Bachelor‘ und ‚Master‘ für die Lehrer*innenbildung übernommen, während andere die Staatsprüfung beibehalten haben. Ausgehend von diesem Befund wird in der Arbeit die Frage untersucht, mit welchen Strategien die Bologna-Reformen in der Lehrer*innenbildung der einzelnen Bundesländer in den Jahren von 1999 bis 2013 politisch umgesetzt bzw. wie deren Implementation verhindert wurde. Die Analyse der Erwartungen bildungspolitischer Akteure zeigt, dass die Hochschulminister*innen im Bologna-Prozess drei Kernmerkmale für die Organisation von Studiengängen festlegten, nämlich Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse, ein Leistungspunktesystem und die Modularisierung. Darüber hinaus wurde die Bologna-Reform durch die Kultusministerkonferenz im Jahr 2005 auch für die Lehrer*innenbildung deutschlandweit anerkannt. Der Diskurs weiterer wichtiger bildungspolitischer Akteure zeichnet sich darüber hinaus durch eine Vielzahl an positiven gegenüber nur wenigen negativen Stimmen zur Implementation des Bologna-Prozesses in der Lehrer*innenbildung aus. Um die tatsächlichen Reformen differenziert betrachten zu können, wird der Fokus der zweiten Untersuchung allein auf das gymnasiale Lehramt gelegt. Dabei wird für jedes Bundesland die Gestaltung der Studienphase im Jahr 1999 mit dem Stand im Jahr 2013 verglichen. Dabei kann festgestellt werden, dass in allen Bundesländern sowohl das Leistungspunktesystem als auch die Modularisierung eingeführt wurden. Eine Reform der Staatsprüfung hin zu einem Masterabschluss wurde im Untersuchungszeitraum jedoch nur in acht der 16 Bundesländer umgesetzt. Die Einführung der Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse ging zudem mit einer prozentualen Erhöhung des Anteils der Berufswissenschaften, definiert als Fachdidaktiken, Bildungswissenschaften und Schulpraktika, sowie einer Verlängerung der Studienzeit einher. Dies kann dahingehend interpretiert werden, dass die Bologna- Reformen insgesamt und die Einführung der Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse im Besonderen als window of opportunity genutzt wurden, um auch andere Reformen umzusetzen. In der dritten Untersuchung werden Plenardebatten in den Bundesländern im Rahmen der Einführung der Bologna-Reformen analysiert, um die Begründungen für eine Reform bzw. für die Beibehaltung der Staatsprüfung zu untersuchen. Insbesondere Begründungen bzw. Strategien der Nicht-Einführung sind dabei besonders relevant, weil sie gängigen theoretischen Annahmen der Diffusion von international kursierenden Reformideen widersprechen. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass die Innovationskraft bzw. Passfähigkeit des eigenen Gesetzentwurfs unter Ausschluss einer Fundamentalkritik an den Bachelor- und Masterabschlüssen als Strategie verwendet wurden, um die Einführung dieser Abschlüsse zu umgehen, ohne gleichzeitig als rückständig im Vergleich zu den Ländern mit einer vollständigen Implementation zu gelten. Bei einer Implementation der Abschlüsse dient neben dem diskursiv hergestellten window of opportunity auch der Verweis auf an anderen Orten getroffene Entscheidungen und den daraus resultierenden negativen Konsequenzen für das eigene Bundesland bei einer etwaigen Nicht-Implementation als legitimitätsstiftend.
    Keywords: Lehrerbildung ; Lehrerausbildung ; Bologna-Prozess ; Hochschulpolitik ; Bachelor-Studiengang ; Master-Studiengang ; Lehramtsstudiengang ; Hochschulreform ; Hochschule ; Entscheidung ; Strategie ; Studiengang ; Studienordnung ; Bildungspolitik ; Gymnasium ; Modularisierung ; Staatsprüfung ; Lehramtsprüfung ; Argumentation ; Debatte ; Politik ; Bundesland ; Nationaler Vergleich ; Baden-Württemberg ; Bayern ; Berlin ; Brandenburg ; Bremen ; Hamburg ; Hessen ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Niedersachsen ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Rheinland-Pfalz ; Saarland ; Sachsen ; Sachsen-Anhalt ; Schleswig-Holstein ; Thüringen ; Deutschland ; Teacher education ; Teachers' training ; Teacher training ; Higher education policy ; University policy ; Bachelor course ; Master course ; Preservice Teacher Education ; Higher education reform ; University reform ; Higher education institute ; Strategy ; Channel of academic studies ; Course of studies ; Course of study ; Study regulations ; Educational policy ; German academic secondary school ; Grammar School ; Secondary school ; Modularization ; First state examination for the teaching profession ; Politics ; Baden-Wurtemberg ; Baden-Wurttemberg ; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ; Lower Saxony ; North Rhine-Westphalia ; North-Rhine Westphalia ; Rhineland-Palatinate ; Saxony ; Saxony-Anhalt ; Thuringia ; Germany ; Teaching post ; Teaching profession ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMN Universities ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Verlag Julius Klinkhardt
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book presents a selection of survey and evaluation instruments for recording relevant facets of institutional (written) language education. The seven methods focus on different aspects of language education as well as language and reading promotion in day-care centres and schools and address different target groups (educational professionals, teachers, children). The instruments, which were developed within the framework of the initiative "Bildung durch Sprache und Schrift" (BiSS), are primarily for research purposes, but can also be used in the training and further education of educational specialists and teachers. An online appendix provides the instruments as well as all necessary materials.
    Description: In diesem Buch wird eine Auswahl von Erhebungs- und Auswertungsinstrumenten zur Erfassung relevanter Facetten institutioneller (schrift-)sprachlicher Bildung vorgestellt. Die sieben Verfahren fokussieren unterschiedliche Aspekte der Sprachbildung sowie Sprach- und Leseförderung in Kindertageseinrichtungen und Schulen und adressieren unterschiedliche Zielgruppen (pädagogische Fachkräfte, Lehrkräfte, Kinder). Die Instrumente, die im Rahmen der Initiative „Bildung durch Sprache und Schrift“ (BiSS) entwickelt wurden, sind primär für Forschungszwecke, aber auch in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von pädagogischen Fach- und Lehrkräften einsetzbar. Ein Online-Anhang stellt die Instrumente sowie alle notwendigen Materialien zur Verfügung.
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Forschung ; Schriftsprache ; Sprachbildung ; Sprachförderung ; Leseförderung ; Diagnostik ; Förderungsmaßnahme ; Sprachentwicklung ; Schriftspracherwerb ; Förderdiagnostik ; Förderung ; Sprachstandsforschung ; Lesekompetenz ; Sprachkompetenz ; Sprachdiagnostik ; Fachdidaktik ; Sprachgebrauch ; Kompetenzmessung ; Handlungskompetenz ; Fachwissen ; Wissen ; Professionalisierung ; Profession ; Kompetenz ; Wissenstest ; Mathematikunterricht ; Deutschunterricht ; Fachunterricht ; Fachsprache ; Reflexion 〈Phil〉 ; Feed-back ; Videoaufzeichnung ; Videoanalyse ; Unterricht ; Lehrer-Schüler-Interaktion ; Schülermitarbeit ; Transfer ; Kindertagesstätte ; Schule ; Grundschule ; Primarbereich ; Pädagogische Fachkraft ; Lehrer ; Lehramtsstudent ; Erzieher ; Erzieherin ; Berufliche Kompetenz ; Psychometrie ; Kind ; Schüler ; Bewertung ; Anwendung ; Software ; Bildungspraxis ; Sprachpraktische Übung ; Spracherwerb ; Kindergarten ; Kindergartenalltag ; Kindergartenpädagogik ; Korrektur ; Pädagogisches Handeln ; Sekundarstufe I ; Aktivierung ; Erhebungsinstrument ; Auswertung ; Instrument ; Messinstrument ; Methode ; Forschungsmethode ; Vignette 〈Methode〉 ; Interview ; Leitfadeninterview ; Fragebogen ; Beobachtung ; Beobachtungsmethode ; Test ; Testvalidität ; Testverfahren ; Testkonstruktion ; Quantitative Forschung ; Qualitative Forschung ; Längsschnittuntersuchung ; Dokumentation ; Protokoll ; Empirische Forschung ; Datenerfassung ; Bayern ; Baden-Württemberg ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Sachsen-Anhalt ; Deutschland ; Educational research ; Research ; Linguistic input ; Promotion of reading ; Support for reading improvement ; Diagnostic ; Promotional measure ; Language development ; Reading competence ; Language skill ; Linguistic Competence ; Specialized didactics ; Subject didactics ; Language usage ; Competency measurement ; Skills measurement ; Skills measurements ; Competence for action ; Competence to act ; Specialized knowledge ; Knowledge ; Professionalization ; Competency ; Mathematics lessons ; Teaching of mathematics ; German language teaching ; Teaching of German ; Teaching of a special subject ; Language for special purposes ; Technical language ; Teaching ; Pupil Participation ; Day nursery ; School ; Elementary School ; Primary school ; Primary school lower level ; Primary education ; Primary level ; Teacher ; Student teachers ; Caregiver ; Carer ; Educational childcare staff ; Educator ; Kindergarten teacher ; Nursery school teachers ; Nursery teacher ; Pre-primary school teacher ; Female Educator ; Governess ; Psychometry ; Child ; Pupil ; Pupils ; Assessment ; Judgement ; Judgment ; Educational practices ; Language acquisition ; Nursery school ; Revision (Written Composition) ; Lower level secondary education ; Lower secondary ; Lower secondary education ; Secondary education lower level ; Mail surveys ; Data analysis ; Interpretation of literature ; Measurement instrument ; Method ; Research method ; Questionnaire ; Observation ; Test validity ; Test coaching ; Quantitative research ; Qualitative research ; Longitudinal analysis ; Longitudinal study ; Documentation ; Empirical research ; Data acquisition ; Data capture ; Baden-Wurtemberg ; Baden-Wurttemberg ; North Rhine-Westphalia ; North-Rhine Westphalia ; Saxony-Anhalt ; Germany ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy::JNFD Literacy strategies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Georg Freiherr von Werthern war von 1867 bis 1888 preußischer Gesandter in München, hatte also den bedeutendsten innerdeutschen Diplomatenposten inne. Er war von Bismarck zwar für höhere Posten bestimmt – Wien, Konstantinopel, sogar für das Staatssekretariat des Auswärtigen –, lehnte jedoch aus privaten Gründen ab, vor allem aber, weil ihm das angenehme gesellschaftliche Leben in der bayerischen Hauptstadt gefiel, wo er mit den Malern Kaulbach und Lenbach, mit dem Historiker Ranke und anderen verkehrte. Die Quellen umfassen Auszüge aus seinem Tagebuch und seine vertraulichen und geheimen Berichte an Bismarck. Sie bieten u.a. bisher unbekannte Einzelheiten über die Haltung des bayerischen Königs, Ludwig II., zur deutschen Reichseinigung, über diverse Audienzen bei ihm und über dessen Tod am 13. Juni 1886 im Starnberger See. Die Quellen über die Todesumstände ergeben den klaren Indizienbeweis, dass der König seinen ihn begleitenden »Irrenarzt«, Dr. Gudden, erwürgt hat und selbst an einem Herzschlag gestorben sein dürfte.
    Keywords: DD1-905 ; Diplomatiegeschichte ; Politische Geschichte ; Bismark ; Bayern ; Grundfragen und Quellen ; Biografien
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The first volume of the University of Vienna Matriculation Book of the Faculty of Law includes the period from 1402 to 1442. It represents the oldest record of the history of scholarly lawyers in the German language area, and is a first-class source for studies of the history of persons and the institution of the Faculty of Law, as well as the social history of late medieval scholarly world. The register book ("album") of the Faculty of Law contains not only the registration at entry, but also the date of graduation. Therefore one can determine the duration of studies in each case, and the most important data on the curriculum of enrolled students are preserved. In addition, the book contains information on the regional and social origins of university students and on the level of their respective matriculation fees. Apart from the critical edition of the matriculation text, the volume also includes a list of deans . Moreover it is accompanied by indices of persons and places, as well as information about contemporary sources on the University of Vienna.
    Description: Der erste Band der Matrikel der Wiener Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät erschließt den Zeitabschnitt von 1402 bis 1442. Es ist die älteste Quelle zur Geschichte der Rechtsgelehrten im deutschsprachigen Raum und repräsentiert eine erstklassige Grundlage für die Erforschung der Personengeschichte und der Institutionengeschichte der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät, wie auch der Sozialgeschichte der spätmittelalterlichen Gelehrtenwelt. Das Matrikelbuch ("Album") der Juridischen Fakultät enthält nicht nur die Daten der Immatrikulation, sondern auch die Graduierungsdaten. Daher kann man in jedem Fall die Studiendauer sowie die wesentlichsten Daten zum Studium der inskribierten Studierenden feststellen. Darüber hinaus enthält das Matrikelbuch Informationen über die regionale und soziale Herkunft der Universitätsmitglieder sowie auch die jeweilige Höhe der sozial differenzierten Matrikeltaxen. Der Edition ist eine Namensliste der amtierenden Dekane sowie ein Namens- und ein Ortsregister und Informationen zu zeitgenössischen Quellen der Universität Wien beigegeben.
    Keywords: Edition of historical Sources ; History of Universities ; History of arts ; Austrian History ; Bayern ; Griechische Sprache ; Kanoniker ; Leutpriester ; Simon Petrus ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Seit den 1970er Jahren gehört die Unterbringung Geflüchteter in Sammellagern zum Repertoire asylpolitischer Maßnahmen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ihre nur selten vorgenommene wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung war dabei stets von der Kritik an den Lagern als nicht menschenrechtskonform geprägt. Die interdisziplinären Beiträge des Bandes nehmen die erneute öffentliche und wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit für dieses Thema zum Anlass, eine große Bandbreite an Lager-Konzepten - sowohl in Deutschland als auch international - theoretisch wie empirisch in den Blick zu nehmen. Die durch Lager forcierte Immobilisierung vormals mobiler Menschen führt zu einem analytischen Spannungsverhältnis, dem sich alle Autor*innen des Bandes widmen.
    Keywords: Lager ; Ankerzentrum ; Mobilisierung ; Flucht ; Migration ; Asylpolitik ; Diskriminierung ; Transitzentrum ; Geogouvernementalität ; Deutschland ; Griechenland ; Ungarn ; Kolumbien ; Somalia ; Bayern ; Erstaufnahmeeinrichtung ; Medien ; Bildung ; Kindheit ; Politik ; Flüchtlingsforschung ; Migrationspolitik ; Menschenrechte ; Soziologie ; Camp ; Anchor Center ; Mobilisation ; Fleeing ; Asylum Policy ; Discrimination ; Transit Centre ; Geogouvernementality ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Colombia ; Soamlia ; First Aid Unit ; Media ; Education ; Childhood ; Politics ; Refugee Studies ; Migration Policy ; Human Rights ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Schulautonomie erscheint gegenwärtig sowohl als Hoffnungswort wie auch als eine Art Zauberformel für die Schulentwicklung in vielen europäischen Ländern. Die Entwicklungen in den einzelnen Ländern unterscheiden sich dennoch sehr – es gilt, mit- und voneinander zu lernen: Wie unterschiedlich funktioniert Schulautonomie im Spannungsverhältnis von Freiheit am Schulstandort und Rechenschaftspflicht gegenüber den zuständigen Behörden? In den Beiträgen des Bandes wird der europäische Diskurs um Schulautonomie und ihre Auswirkungen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven in den Ländern und Regionen – juristisch, national und international vergleichend – beleuchtet.
    Keywords: L7-991 ; LC8-6691 ; Großbritannien ; Südtirol ; Hessen ; eigenverantwortliche Schule ; Bayern ; Österreich ; Erasmus+ ; Bildungsmanagement ; Governance ; Schulautonomie
    Language: German
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each indifferent genital rudiment in the grasshopper embryo is composed of the following: (1) a terminal filament membrane; (2) an epithelial plate of indifferent cells, the dorsal cell mass; (3) the central cell mass containing germ and indifferent cells; (4) the ventral cell strand, and, (5) a delicate, investing membrane, the outer limiting membrane. It is roughly spindle-shaped in transverse section and extends from the first to the eighth abdominal segments.In the sexual differentiation of the genital rudiment the dorsal cell mass is retained as a definite embryonic rudiment in the female, but becomes an indistinguishable part of the central cell mass in the male.Ovarian development is initiated in the dorsal cell mass area, where cell aggregations are formed. Each aggregation is ultimately surrounded by the ingrowing outer limiting membrane to form distinct cellular columns. A latero-ventrad extension of this ingrowing process into the central cell mass continues the column formation process into the latter and results in the formation of a distally tapering structure composed of indifferent cells distad and germ cells and indifferent cells proximad. This structure constitutes the rudimentary ovariole which finally differentiates to form the terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium.The ovarian portion of the oviduct and the tubular connection between the ovariole and oviduct are differentiated from the ventral cell strand.
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  • 13
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    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 611-631 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the cellular relations between the prechordal mesoderm and the hypophyseal analage in duck embryos from the first to the eighth day of incubation.At nineteen somites the ectoderm destined to form hypophysis is seen as a plate of cells lying under the mesodermal mass anterior to the notochord. It extends anteriorly in intimate contact with the base of the forebrain, and posteriorly for about the same distance to the oral membrane. Following the lateral growth of the prechordal mesoderm and the rapid overgrowth of the forebrain, Rathke's pouch is definitely outlined. The upward expansion of the pouch, concomitant with the lagging of some of the prechordal mesoderm in the midline, effects a very close relation between these cells and those at the tip of the pouch. With the lateral expansion of the premandibular head cavities, some of the mesoderm adheres to walls of Rathke's pouch in the form of rods or knobs. As development proceeds the inherent growth tendencies of ectoderm and mesoderm express themselves differently and the rods or knobs become constricted off from the pouch, forming in its vicinity vesicles which exhibit a definite lumen.The question of an entodermal contribution to the hypophysis in this form is briefly considered.
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  • 14
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By treating the clean skeletal tissue of an insect with concentrated KOH at 160° C., the contained chitin is converted to chitosan, and all pigmentation and admixtures are removed. The per cent distribution of chitin, expressed as chitosan, in the exoskeleton of the cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, ranges from 37.65 in the dorsal abdomen to 18.22 in the hindwings. Other regions contain the following per cents: ventral abdomen, 37.11; metathoracic legs, 35.55; mesothoracic legs, 33.28; prothoracic legs, 32.24; pronotum, 31.55; head, 31.07; genitalia, 29.28; dorsal thorax, 29.07; ventral thorax, 28.33; antennae, 27.77; cerci, 25.65; and forewings, 19.99. Regional variations are constant in different individuals of the same species. The crop and gizzard contain 18.69 per cent; the hindgut, 18.15 per cent. The remainder of the alimentary tract contains no chitin. Traces of chitin are found in the trachea. No chitin is found in the egg-cases of this species. No correlation between chitin content and pigmentation or hardness is shown. Based on results from three trials, using thirty insects, the per cent of chitosan in the clean, dry chitinous material from the entire animal is 29.60; the per cent of chitosan based on the weight of the live animal averages 2.01.
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  • 15
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 325-337 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to learn something of the nature of the bead-like bodies which occur in the head of the sperm of the fowl since it was found in a previous study that they are apparently affected in a characteristic manner by vitamin E deficiency.Staining tests indicate that these bodies are composed of fats and fatty acids since they respond to osmic acid and Nile blue sulphate. They are also impregnated with silver nitrate and hence may be associated with the so-called Golgi materials of the cell.The beads first appear as a complete single row but subsequently they undergo fragmentation and redistribution. The whole process is probably a final transitory step in sperm transformation.The presence of this fatty material may signify that the sperm of the fowl, in contrast to that of most other animals, carries a store of food material to support its activity after liberation. The sperm may also be the carrier of a definite amount of vitamin E. Furthermore, the presence of this material may offer an explanation of the high resistance of the testis of the fowl to vitamin E deficiency because, since this vitamin is fat soluble, the testis as a whole would probably receive a disproportionately large share of the vitamin E stores of the individual.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In sections from livers injected through the vascular system with Carter's carminegelatin or Berlin-blue gelatin masses at known, constant pressures, many cells were observed to contain ovoid or spherical bodies of the colored injection masses, similar to those described by Schäfer and his students, Herring and Simpson, as intracellular blood canaliculi.' In these livers practically all the cells were vacuolated. However, with livers injected with Berlin-blue gelatin mass dissolved in Locke's solution instead of distilled water, there were no intracellular masses and the cells appeared normal, though the sinusoids were completely filled with injection mass. The so-called ‘intracellular blood canaliculi’ described by Schäfer are interpreted as artefacts produced by a combination of factors, the most important of which is the difference in osmotic pressure. This is produced by the hypotonicity of the injection masses that are usually used, augmented perhaps by the effect of mechanical pressure used in administering the injection mass.Following impregnation of liver tissue by Golgi's rapid method, the usual network of intercellular bile canaliculi was revealed, but the presence of a permanent system of intracellular canaliculi was not observed. A few short, knobbed intracellular projections from the intercellular bile canaliculi were noticed; these probably represent the passage of secretion material into the intercellular bile canaliculi at the moment of excretion.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The early developmental history of Sciuridae (squirrel family), from the ovarian egg to the establishment of the germ layers, was studied in fixed material comprising ova and embryos from six species of five genera. No significant differences were noted in the major processes of development in the six species. Continuous diminution in the size of the ova occurs from the beginning of follicular vesiculation up to the early blastocyst stages. Corpora haemorrhagica are present in most of the recently ruptured follicles of all the species.Cleavage is regular, though adequal, up to the eight-cell stage, the blastomeres clustering into a compact mass. There is desquamation of cellular material from the periphery of the ovum between morula and blastocyst stages. At the same time cells within the blastocyst degenerate to add to the cavity originally formed by confluence of intercellular spaces. The cavity forms among the inner cells, an inner cell mass being left at one pole and an anti-embryonic mass at the other. The anti-embryonic cells produce much of the yolk-sac entoderm and contribute to the implantation mass. The latter mass forms a temporary attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine mucosa in these species. The definitive entoderm arises by migration and delamination of certain of the inner cell mass cells. A transitory notochordal canal, passing in a vertical plane through Hensen's node, is strongly suggested.
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  • 18
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 533-575 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The arterial system of Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) reveals the following interesting features: (1) A prominent diverticulum given off from the inner antero-dorsal edge of the left auricle. (2) Ridge-like continuation of the median hanging valve of the sinus venosus lining the ventral edge of the opening of the right precaval vein. (3) Guarding of the opening of the pulmonary vein by a portion of the inter-auricular septum abutting against it. (4) Presence of two longitudinal trunks on either side of the hepatic portal vein formed by the hepatic branches of the hepato-oesophageal arteries, which, uniting with one another, form a peculiar arrangement looking almost like a looped chain. (5) A complete arterial circuit in the female formed by the combination of the genital, supra-renal, and the anterior-most renal arteries of either side. (6) Chain-like arrangement formed by the alternate bifurcation and union of the posterior-most part of the longitudinal fat-body artery and also by its lateral branches, which unite with it here and there after giving off twigs to the fat bodies. (7) A pair of small arteries (or in some cases only one) called ‘arteria complexa’ which take their origin from the dorsal aorta opposite the openings of the iliac veins into the afferent renals.
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  • 19
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    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 577-609 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation has been conducted to ascertain the relationship of certain structures in the embryo of the grasshopper known as Melanoplus differentialis with reproductive organs in the adult male.The order of development of these structures was traced through the entire life history.It was determined that they are the rudiments of certain reproductive organs and that the knowledge obtained serves as an aid in more accurately classifying insects.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The segregation of the germ cells is related in time and differentiation to the ectoderm (ventral plate), the inner germ-band layer (lower layer) and the mesenteron (entoderm) rudiments. The inner germ-band layer is formed by invagination of cells from a median blastoporic groove and by cellular proliferations among the invaginating cells and from the median line of the ectoderm immediately caudad of the blastoporic groove. The mesenteron material is derived from inner germ-band layer material associated with the internal ends of the stomodaeum and proctodaeum. The germ cells are segregated from the lateral margins of the abdominal lobe ectoderm in the region of the amnion attachment as segmentation of the abdominal lobe is initiated. They ultimately become separated from the ectoderm cells of the lateral wall and from the amnion and migrate in a passive manner onto the coelomic sacs where they become associated with the inner walls of the sacs. When the coelomic sacs unite the germ cells and the splanchnic wall mesoderm cells form two continuous cell strands from the first to the eighth abdominal segments, inclusive. These strands form the indifferent genital rudiments. An endeavor is made to correlate the segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper with that of various other insects.
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  • 21
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 22
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 21-49 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The literature relating to the flexor and adductor muscles of the thigh and their nerve supplies, in Sphenodon, the lizards, crocodiles and mammals was correlated and new dissections made of animals belonging to the last three groups. All of these muscles can be traced as individual entities from animal to animal without loss or addition to their number, although splitting may occur. The attachments of the muscles and their relationships to one another and to the two heads of the gastrocnemius are the same in all the reptiles studied. In the mammals one group, including the adductor longus and magnus and the retractor femoralis, has migrated from the tibia between the two heads of the gastrocnemius onto the femur, and another from the ilium onto the vertebrae, the one migration being caused by expansion of the gastrocnemius, and the other by expansion of the gluteal muscles. A new lateral flexor mass has been formed from part of the reptilian ilio tibialis by migration down the fibula. The nerve supplies of the various muscles are not constant when traced from group to group, and it is suggested that a muscle receives its nerve supply from the nerve nearest to it in embryonic development, so that when a muscle has migrated the nerve supply is no longer a reliable guide to its homology.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histological studies of testes of both immature and mature individuals show that the peritoneal epithelium does not give up its proliferative capacities with the completion of testis differentiation. Certain regions of the antimesorchial surface retain their activity and continue to contribute cellular elements during testis growth. Stromal cells, germ cells, and sections of or entire seminiferous tubules originate from the peritoneum in the form of cord-like ingrowths. In this form, the proliferations of the germinal epithelium of the testes are similar to and homologous with the continuous proliferations of the germinal epithelium of the ovary.In Sternotherus, both testis and ovary differentiate out of a bisexual primordium in which the deeper parts of the germinal epithelium form an ovarian cortex. Since the germinal epithelium persists as an active part of both ovary and testis, it must be responsive to the same physiological factors of female or male differentiation respectively. It is indifferent sexually and once the direction of sex differentiation is established, the response of the germinal epithelium is in the determined direction. Its activity is then to produce either seminiferous tubules or ovarian follicles, and is directly dependent upon the processes of embryonic sex differentiation and determination.
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  • 24
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 295-323 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The primordia of the thymus bodies in Necturus begin to form in 7-mm. embryos. These structures arise as clumps of entodermal cells on the posterior dorsal portion of the first four visceral pouches; the first or last pouch, being rudimentary, fails to form such a primordium. All except the first of these primordia lose their connection with their respective pouches in the 16-mm. stage and lie free in the surrounding connective tissue. The primordium on the first pouch begins to show degenerative changes during that stage, losing connection with its pouch in the 23-mm. stage, finally to disappear altogether in 30-mm. specimens.The three remaining bodies continue to grow, but the second and third outstrip the fourth in development and begin to form Hassall's corpuscles in 32- to 34-mm. stages. Sections of 30-mm. Necturi show a few of these corpuscles fairly well developed and containing a faintly staining secretion. The fourth body remains relatively small a long time, not showing the Hassallian cysts until the animal is 60 mm. long. By shifting of positions and increasing in size, the three bodies come to lie in proximity, one behind the other, to form the definitive thymus gland of the adult. The gland lies embedded in the heavy musculature on top of the head in front of the gills.
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  • 25
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 339-359 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of vitamin E deficiency in the fowl were observed in Rhode Island Red males over a period of approximately 2 years.Mating experiments showed that after 1 year on the E-free diet all of the males were capable of fertilizing ova, but that after 2 years some of the males were sterile.Sperm smears showed that shortly after the beginning of the experiment, many of the mature spermatozoa exhibited an abnormal condition of the nuclear material of the head, while others remained normal.In histological sections of the testes made at the end of the 2 years, conditions varied from almost normal to complete atrophy, the latter being a condition that has already been described in the male mammal. Moreover, the conditions in any given section were not uniform for even in an advanced stage of E deficiency there were small islands of apparently normal tissue. However, in this case, as in the mammal, the process of degeneration affects the mature sperm cells first and gradually works to the outside of the seminiferous tubule thus attacking the youngest maturation stages last.The results of the experiment point definitely to destruction of the testis under prolonged E-deficient conditions but it is also quite apparent that the testis of the fowl is extremely resistant to vitamin E deficiency.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper is an attempt to clear up the confusion concerning the osteological relationships among the Haplomous fishes.The osteology of Novumbra hubbsi was worked out by the dissection of numerous specimens. The various skeletal features found were compared with the osteology of Umbra limi, U. pygmaea, U. crameri, and Dallia pectoralis.A description of each skeletal element of Novumbra was made, followed by a description of the chief differences between it and the same structures in Umbra and in Dallia. No constant osteological differences were found between Umbra limi and U. pygmaea, and very few between these two species and Umbra crameri. Novumbra and Umbra have more in common with each other than either does with Dallia or Esox. The presence of postorbitals, postcranials, and the shape of the secondary shoulder girdle in Novumbra show it to be also closely related to Dallia and Esox.The relationships of the various forms are summarized in a synoptic key which lists the following groups: Order Haplomi. Superfamily I, Dallioidea; Family Dallidae; Genus and species, Dallia pectoralis. Superfamily II, Umbroidea; Family 1, Umbridae; Genus and species, Umbra limi, U. pygmaea and U. crameri; Family 2, Novumbridae; Genus and species, Novumbra hubbsi. Superfamily III, Esocoidea; Family Esocidae; Genus, Esox.
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  • 27
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 445-475 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper deals with the morphology of all the so-called gustatory and olfactory organs of blowflies, and describes tests conducted to determine whether these insects taste with their tarsi and smell with their antennae and palpi. Antennae bear two types of so-called olfactory hairs, while palpi bear only one. With the aid of an olfactometer it has been shown that antennae and palpi do not bear the olfactory organs.In order to explain the proboscis response, described by Minnich, it is not necessary to assume that tarsi bear gustatory organs, because: (1) a tarus bears no sense organs, except nine olfactory pores; (2) it is almost impossible to wet the tarsi with water or sugar water; and (3) when flies were in the proper nutritive condition and liquids were about 3 mm. from the tarsi, the insects were induced by a special method to exhibit the proboscis response. It was further clearly demonstrated by a similar method that tarsi can easily distinguish between chemically pure saccharose water and distilled water when these liquids are about 3 mm. from the tarsi. The responses, obtained by any method, are caused by two stimuli, one mechanical and the other olfactory. The act of touching the feet produces the initial stimulus and brings the liquids almost in contact with the olfactory pores on the tarsi.
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  • 28
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 513-531 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of the male reproductive organs of a hemipteron, Leptocoris trivittatus, has been made. The genital system, which consists of fan-shaped testes; the vasa deferentia, to which a single pair of accessory glands are attached; ejaculatory ducts and the copulatory apparatus, is described and photomicrographs of consecutive parts presented.Then an analysis of the method of aggregation and turning of the sperms is made by means of intravitam technic. Aggregation and turning commence in the early spermatid stage. A spherical cyst forms, the tails first grow centripetally and then push out toward the lower end of the cyst. This line of growth in the cyst moves the head ends of the spermatids to the upper end where aggregation gradually takes place.The cysts spiral up and across the follicles, the moving force being, probably, the elongating tails. Later they spiral down the follicle, development progressing rapidly. The descending bundles are mature sperm, held together by a cytoplasmic cap.The accessory gland secretes a milky substance which probably activates the sperm at a later stage. Peristalsis occurs in the wall of the gland and duct.The process of massing sperm into bundles before copulation insures effective translocation. Then peristalsis and movement of tubular fluids carry the sperm down the duct to the copulatory apparatus.
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  • 29
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    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 421-433 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Paramecium caudatum was studied by micro-incineration, by stained control sections, by vital staining, and by osmic impregnation. It was found that a slow initial heating and a slow cooling after incineration greatly reduce the amount of distortion and shrinkage in the incinerated specimens. Most of the cytoplasmic components and organelles, including vacuome, chondriome, cilia, and basal granules, trichocysts, food vacuoles, and the nuclei, could be identified by their ash. No ash is found in the pellicle and only a small amount in the hyaloplasm. None of the osmiophilic components such as granules or the walls of the contractile vacuole could be identified in the incinerated specimens with certainty. The larger amount of ash in the endoplasm as compared with the ectoplasm is due to the large number of granules in the former region. The nucleus and some of the granules near the nucleus show traces of iron.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When sexually mature Procotyla fluviatilis Leidy (commonly but erroneously known as Dendrocoelum lacteum) are cut transversely into head, pharyngeal, and tail pieces of about equal length, the head and pharyngeal pieces fail to regenerate in a large percentage of cases and tail pieces never regenerate. When regeneration occurs in head and pharyngeal pieces it is somewhat slower than in similar pieces of Planaria maculata Leidy and Planaria agilis Stringer with which comparisons were made. Cutting mature Procotyla into larger numbers of pieces usually results in death of all, although smaller pieces from prepharyngeal regions sometimes regenerate. Juvenile P. fluviatilis have greater powers of regeneration, as shown by cutting head and pharyngeal regions into greater numbers of pieces, but tail pieces do not regenerate. These observations confirm and extend those of earlier investigators. Such a restricted power of regeneration contrasts with well-known powers in P. maculata and P. agilis. Counts of formative cells, from which new parts arise in all three species and which are regarded by the authors as a persistent embryonic stock, indicate about 8.5 such cells in P. maculata to 1 in P. fluviatilis per unit area. It is concluded that regeneration in planarians is correlated with numbers of such formative cells and that histological factors are no less important than physiological ones. The paper is preliminary to a study of effects of x-rays upon regeneration.
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  • 31
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    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 435-475 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The centrioles are recognized early in the prophase of the primary spermatocyte. They soon become double and migrate around the nucleus in opposite directions. As this is completed the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers appear. The centrioles divide in the metaphase at a time when the centrosome is still perfectly spherical. The centrosome divides in the anaphase, giving the two centers for the second division. The centriole disappears in the spermatid and cannot be seen in later stages. The behavior of the centers during the spermatocyte divisions is strikingly like that of the egg centers and other types of mitoses. Therefore, it is concluded that the centrioles of the spermatocytes are not to be regarded as different from the centrioles in other types of mitoses.The Golgi bodies increase in number and size during the growth period of the cell. They are usually found in the shape of rings. From these rings are produced the refringent granules which fuse in the late spermatid to form those of the mature sperm. It is therefore concluded that this process represents the formation of the acrosome. The mitochondria show little change during the maturation divisions. In the late spermatid they aggregate around the nucleus and become vesiculated. This is interpreted as the formation of the prenebenkern.
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  • 32
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    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 621-635 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • 33
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 209-222 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Reaktion, welche beim Glühen eines Kohlenfadens im Dampf von TiCl4, ZrCl4 oder TaCl5 (im ersteren Fall bei Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff) stattfindet, studiert, und zwar einerseits durch die Änderung des elektrischen Widerstandes des Fadens, andererseits mit Hilfe einer röntgenographischen Untersuchung der erhaltenen Produkte.
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  • 34
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 349-352 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 35
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 36
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluor bildet bei nicht zu hoher Temperatur mit Kohlenstoff eines jeden Ordnungsgrades eine feste Valenzverbindung der Grenzzusammensetzung CF; sie wird durch Sättigen z. B. sauerstofffreien Norits bei 280° mit Fluor von 25 mm Druck und von Graphit bei 420° mit Fluor unter 760 mm Druck erhalten. In der Verbindung sind zwischen die Basisebenen des Graphits auf je zwei C-Atome zwei Fluorionen eingebaut. Die Struktur, die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Fluorids werden mitgeteilt. Bei höheren Temperaturen entstehen aus Norit und Graphit, und natürlich auch CF, gasförmige C-Fluoride. Ihre Bildungsweise wird klargestellt, ihre Zusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit von den Bildungsbedingungen ermittelt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 33-47 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die Reaktionen von Kaliumcyanid mit Alkalitetrathionat bzw. -pentathionat untersucht. Nachdem theoretisch auseinandergesetzt worden war, daß im ersten Falle die Umsetzung der Cyanwasserstoffsäure in Rhodanwasserstoffsüure nach Umwandlung von ⅓ der Saure fast zum Stillstand kommt, wurde gezeigt, daß in Gegenwart von Pufferlösungen mit ph zwischen 7 und 8 die Umsetzung quantitativ verläuft und daß es nicht nötig ist, die Reaktion in neutraler und alkalischer Lösung durch verschiedene chemische Gleichungen auszudrücken.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 80-84 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 95-104 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch die Verbindung von röntgenographischer und analytischer Arbeit werden selbständige eigenartige Oxydstufen von Wolframoxyden festgestellt, die nebeneinander aus 6- und 4 wertigen Wolframbausteinen bestehen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934) 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 241-253 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 257-271 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die von uns untersuchten Stoffe Salol, Thymol, Benzophenon, o- und m-Kresol, Acetophenon und Guajakol lassen sich durch sorgfältiges Filtrieren ihrer unterkühlten Schmelzen durch Glasfrittenfilter geringster Porengröße als Schmelzen erhalten, die keine Neigung zur freiwilligen Kristallisation mehr aufweisen.
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    Notes: Es wurden die Farbenreaktionen von Cerium(3) und (4) mit Ammoniak und Pyrogallol, wie auch von Lanthan, Thorium und Titan mit Ammoniak und Pyrogallol geprüft. Andere Ionen der 3. Gruppe gaben unter gleichen Bedingungen charakteristisch gefärbte Niederschläge.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 305-320 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Geschwindigkeit der Monobromacetet- und Thio- sulfationenreaktion ohne Salzzusatz in stark verdünnten Lösungen bzw. in verschieden konzentrierten Lösungen von NaNO3, Na2SO4, Mg(NO3)2 und MgSO4 bei 5°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 55°C gemessen. Aus diesem Versuchsmaterial ist folgendes herauszulesen: Die BRÖNSTED-DEBYE-HÜCKEL'sche Gleichung wird zwischen den Ionenstärken 0,0025 - 0,010 bei den Temperaturen 25°, 35°, 45°, 55° C befolgt.Ohne Salzzusatz bzw. in verdünnten Salzlösungen (bis zu 0,5 n. Salzkonzentration) ist der van't HOff'sche Tempraturkoeffizient beinahe unabhängig von der Ionenstärke der Lösung.In ihren konzentrierten Lösungen lassen Na2SO4 und NaNO3 den Temperaturkoeffizienten unverändert, MgSO4 und Mg(NO3)2 erhöhen ihn um 3-5%.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 353-375 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Grundlagen des Salzfehlers bei Methylorange, Methylrot, Phenolphthalein und Kresolrot werden ermittelt, der Einfluß von Natur und Konzentration verschiedener Salze wird untersucht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 401-416 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Salzsaure und weinsaure Lösungen von Antimontrioxyd sowie solche von Antimonchlorid in gesättigter Kochsalzlösung sind schon durch Sonnenlicht in Gefäßen aus gewöhnlichem Glas photochemisch aktivierbar; sie oxydieren sich z. B. bei Gegenwart von elementarem Sauerstoff. Lösungen von Brechweinstein, von Antimontrioxyd in starker Schwefelsäure, von Antimontrichlorid in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff oder gesättigter Chlorcalciumlösung zeigen diese Erscheinung erst bei Einwirkung von Licht kürzerer Wellenlänge deutlich.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 45-48 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 111-112 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 146-150 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch die vorliegenden Versuche am Roheisen ist folgendes festgestellt worden: 1Bei Temperaturen von der Größenordnung 500° findet im Laufe von 24 Stunden kein Zerfall von Fe3C statt.2Bei 600° erhöht die Belastung die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit des Zementits, und zwar um so mehr, je größer die Belastung ist.3Bei Temperaturen um 700° und höher geht der Zerfall von Fe3C vie1 rascher vor sich. Der Einfluß der Belastung wird kleiner, und bei 800ß und höher wird dieser unmerklich.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 193-200 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurde die Liquiduslinie im System ZrO2-SiO2 ermittelt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 225-234 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus der Steigerung der Löslichkeit schwerlöslicher Mg-Salze beim Zusatz von H3N wird die Größe der Ammoniakatbildung berechnet. Der chemische und der physikalische Effekt werden diskutiert und die Größe des letzten durch Bestimmung der Löslichkeit von schwerlöslichen Ba-Salzen in H3N-haltiger Lösung sowie von Mg-Salzen in verdünntem wäßrigen CH3OH untersucht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 228-240 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Graphitierung verschiedener Kohlen ausgeführt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 253-262 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 303-304 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 315-320 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 367-375 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934) 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 157-160 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 161-169 
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    Notes: Für das Nitrosylborfluorid wurde eine rationelle Methode zur Darstellung größerer Mengen angegeben und ein besonderes Verfahren zur Reinigung mit anschließender Vakuumsublimation ausgearbeitet. Die Dichte des reinen NOBF4 wurde zu 2,185 g · cm ·3ermittelt. Die Umsetzung des NOBF4 mit NaF wurde eingehend untersucht und darauf ein Verfahren zur Darstellung von Nitrosylfluorid aufgebaut. Die Eigenschaften des NOF wurden untersucht und ein labiles Kondensationsprodukt rnit SO2 gefunden.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 203-213 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 214-224 
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    Notes: 1In den alkalischen Plumbitlösungen sind die komplexen Hydroxoanionen [Pb(OH)3]′; [Pb(OH)4]″; [Pb(OH)6]″″ vorhanden je nach Konzentration und Temperatur der Lauge. Die Isolierung kristallisierter reiner Hydroxoplumbite scheitert infolge ihrer Zersetzlichkeit unter Abscheidung von PbO. Durch partiellen Ersatz der OH-Gruppe durch Halogen, wobei auf 1 Pb höchstens 0,5 Halogen eintreten, erreicht man besonders mit Jod eine so weitgehende Stabilisierung, daß die Darstellung definierter Halogenohydroxoplumbite gelingt, deren Zusammensetzung aus einzelnen Komponenten völlig durchsichtig ist. Mit Sicherheit treten dabei folgende Verbindungen als Teilkomponente auf : Das Auftreten von Doppelverbindungen aus 2 oder 3 Komponenten deckt sich mit dem Befund bei den reinen Halogenosalzen des zweiwertigen Bleis.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 289-297 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 298-304 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 321-338 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 381-384 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 217 (1934), S. 396-400 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 16-20 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 65-88 
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    Notes: Es wurden die ferromagnetischen Legierungen des ternären Systems Eisen-Nickel-Vanadium untersucht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 49-59 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 104-110 
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    Notes: Der Molwärmeverlauf von Cl2, und von Cl, der kürzlich neu berechnet worden ist, wird benutzt, um die Zerfallswärme Q0 der Chlormolekel, die chemische Konstante i (spektroskopisch, sowie aus Gleichgewichtsmessungen) und die mittleren Gleichgewichtskonstanten neu und mit Berücksichtigung aller Fehler genau zu berechnen. Es ergab sich die Zerfallswärme in vortrefflichem Einklang mit der spektroskopischen Theorie Zu: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ U_0 = 57,1 \pm 2,1{\rm Cal}.$$\end{document} Die chemische Konstante (aus den Gleichgewichtsmessungen) dagegen stimmt bekanntlich bei Cl2, nicht zur einfachen Theorie \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ I_{{\rm gef}{\rm .}} = 2,19 \pm 0,30 \ne 1,326 = i_{{\rm theor}} . $$\end{document}.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 151-160 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 129-138 
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    Notes: β,γ - Bestrahlungspigmente verschiedener Alkalisilikat- und Boratgläser wurden in Beziehung zur vorliegenden Glaskonstitution gebracht. In plötzlich gekühlten Na2O · 2SiO2-Schmelzen erschienen oberhalb 1400° adsorbierte und frei einlagernde SiO2-Formen durch schwärzliche Bestrahlungsänderungen nachweisbar. Als Ursache violetter Bestrahlungsfärbungen waren Na2SiO2 sowie Na2B2O2 zu folgern. Graufärbungen, als Bestrahlungsergebnisse, wiesen auf Silikatumsetzungen hin, die nur bei den sauersten Gläsern der benützten Schmelzreihen gelbe bis braune Silicium- bzw. Boratome reduzierten. Mitunter traten grauverdeckte Violettfärbungen auf, die bei Wärmebehandlung leicht zerstörbar sind. Es ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, daß noch weiterhin natriumangereicherte Formen, als das Monosilikat selbst, Violettfärbungen erbringen. Mit Sicherheit war zu folgern, daß Na2B4O7 nicht mehr als Ursache violetter Bestrahlungsveränderungen anzusehen ist. Da sich Borate dem Silikat angleichen, ist ähnliches Verhalten auch von Na2Si2O2 zu erwarten gewesen. Die Bestrahlungsursachen der Barytgläser konnten dermalen noch nicht sichergestellt werden.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 181-189 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der thermische Abbau der aus den Metallammoniakaten hergestellten Erdalkaliamide im Hochvakuum führt zu rotbraun gefärbten Produkten von der Zusammensetzung Me3N4· Diese Körper verhalten sich gegen verdünnte Säuren wia die normalen Nitride, nur geben sie neben zwei Molen Ammoniak ein Mol freien Stickstoff ab. Wegen dieses den Peroxyden ähnlichen Verhaltens wird die Bezeichnung „Pernitride“ vorgeschlagen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 201-209 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 235-240 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Gleichungen, die das Gleichgewicht in H3N-haltigen Mg-Salzlösungen bestimmen, werden aufgestellt. Bestimmungen der Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen werden sorgfältig ausgeführt. Die Möglichkeit, aus derartigen Bestimmungen über die Ammoniakbildung Schlüsse zu ziehen, wird kritisch diskutiert.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Dichte des Quarzes nimmt bei starkem Reiben um etwa 10% ab. Diese Dichteabnahme ist zurückzuführen auf die Bildung von Hohlkanälen beim Reiben, welche aber merkwürdigerweise die Oberfläche nicht erreichen. Durch die Zerteilung beim Reiben wird die Umwandlung des Quarzes behindert. Die Dichten des Cristobalits und des Quarzglases nehmen beim Reiben im Gegensatz zu der des Quarzes nicht ab, sondern urn etwa 2% zu.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 218 (1934), S. 301-303 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 35-41 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 17-34 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ammonperborat ist in der Form seines Halbhydrates NH4B03 · ½H2O, über Trockenmitteln aufbewahrt, jahrelang ohne Trockenmittelzersetzung haltbar.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 65-81 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. An reinem Rheniumhexafluorid wurden Schmelztemperatur, Dampfdruck, Dichte und chemisches Verhalten neu bestimmt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 82-86 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 42-44 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 113-118 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 119-128 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die Zersetzungsdrucke im System OsS2-Os in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und der Zusammensetzung des Bodenkörpers untersucht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die von SKEY mit Verwendung von Äther angegebene Rhodanid-Kobaltreaktion ermöglicht in Übereinstimmung mit den Angaben von VOGEL, der hierfür ein Gemisch von Amylalkohol-Äther empfohlen hatte, keinen empfindlichen Nachweis von Kobalt. Der Umstand, daß für den Nachweis von Kobalt neben Ferri-Eisen nach Abscheidung desselben mittels Sodalösung in Gegenwart überschüssigen Rhodanids (nach VOOEL) die Kobaltreaktion in der nicht angesäuerten Flüssigkeit vorgenommen werden muß, ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß in Anwesenheit von überschüssigem Rhodanid ein Teil des Ferrirhodanids zu Ferrorhodanid reduziert wird, daß in der bicarbonatalkalischen Lösung zum Teil wieder zu Ferrieisen reoxydiert und das beim Ansäuern des Filtrats gebildete Ferrirhodanid durch das Amylalkohol-Äthergemisch. auch aufgenommen wird. Wird an Stelle von Amylalkohol-äther das für die Rhodanid-Kobaltreaktion von DITZ empfohlene Aceton verwendet, so kann auch in Gegenwart von Eisen die Empfindlichkeit des Kobaltnachweises wesentlich gesteigert werden. Mit Kobalt allein ist aber die Rhodanid-Acetonreaktion weit empfindlicher als in Gegenwart von Eisen, und zwar sowohl nach der Arbeitsweise von VOGEL (Trennung mittels Sodalösung) als auch nach der Methode von KOLTHOFF (Komplexmachung des Ferrieisens mittels Ammoniumfluorid).
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Oxydation von gefälltem Ferrocarbonat mit Luftsauerstoff erhält man unter gewissen Vorsichtsmaßregeln γ-FeOOH. Nähere Untersuchungen, welche sich auf das DEBYE-SCHERRER- Diagramm, die Entwässerung zu γ-Fe2O3, die Silberferritsynthese, die Alterung bei 20° und die kolloidchemischen Eigenschaften erstreckten, ergaben, daß dieses Hydrat sich von dem Metahydroxyd nach KRAUSE [γ-FeOOH aus Fe(OH)2] kaum unterscheidet: Beide Hydrate sind als praktisch reine, kristalline eisenige Säuren anzusehen. Durch Peptisation in verd. Säuren entstehen positiv geladene, durch Alkalipeptisation negative Hydrosole.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Graue Bestrahlungsveränderungen der natürlichen Rauchquarze sind auf Umladungsergebnisse von Silikaten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} }\limits^{\rm I} {\rm O} \cdot {\rm 3SiO}_{\rm 2} $\end{document} bis M2O · 4SiO2 zurückführbar. Vorherrschend adsorbierte SiO2-Formen bedingen infolge Siliciumabspaltung (Siliciumatomkomplexe) Braunfärbung. In Quarzen eingeschlossene Silikatformen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} }\limits^{\rm I} {\rm O} \cdot {\rm 2SiO}_{\rm 2} \cdot \left( {{\rm Na}_{\rm 2} {\rm Si}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 5} } \right) $\end{document} könnten für grauviolette, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} }\limits^{\rm I} {\rm O} \cdot {\rm SiO}_{\rm 2} \cdot \left( {{\rm Na}_{\rm 2} {\rm SiO}_{\rm 3} } \right) $\end{document} für reinviolette Bestrahlungsfärbungen verantwortlich gemacht werden, doch scheint die Amethystfärbung nicht darauf zu beruhen, weil die Abdestillation der Farbursache bisher mißlang. Fallweise können auch Kohlendioxyd- bzw. Kohlenoxydeinschlüsse, wie ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe mit an einer Grauverfärbung natürlicher Quarze beteiligt sein. Es wurde die Zatinfärbung auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückgeführt und die Farbursache der sogenannten verdeckten Zitrinfärbung erst als Folge des Wärmeprozesses durch Alkaliferritbildung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {{\rm M}_{\rm 2} }\limits^{\rm I} {\rm O} \cdot {\rm Fe}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3} $\end{document} [beispielsweise Na2(PeO2), u. a.] in Erwägung gezogen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 341-347 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In Übereinstimmung mit der BILTZ'schen Regel, die Beständigkeit von Ammoniakaten betreffend, wurde die Unbeständigkeit der löslichen Natriumchlorid- und Natriumcyanid- Solvate im Gegensatz zu der größeren Beständigkeit der unter den üblichen Bedingungen erhaltenen unlöslichen Calciumchlorid- und Calciumcyanid-Solvate festgestellt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Verfeinerung und damit Sicherung der RUFF'schen Federwaagenmethode wurde der Verlauf der dabei zu messenden Verdampfungskurven theoretisch untersucht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 348-356 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird der Mechanismus der Reaktion zwischen Natriumformiat und Jod angegeben und die Geschwindigkeit dieser Reaktion in reinem Wasser und in KBr-, KCI- und KJ-Lösungen bei 15°, 25°, 35° und 45° C im Dunkeln gemessen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 376-381 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 219 (1934), S. 382-388 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 220 (1934) 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 220 (1934), S. 16-30 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934) 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 241-252 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Dunkelreaktion zwischen Natriumformiat und Jod ist bei verschiedenen Temperaturen (16°, 21°, 26°, 30°) untersucht worden. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Reaktion den Konzentrationen des Jods und des Natriumformiats proportional ist. Die Gesamtreaktion verläuft demnach nach der zweiten Ordnung.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1934), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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