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  • Springer  (184,183)
  • 1990-1994  (129,562)
  • 1980-1984  (48,999)
  • 1925-1929  (5,622)
  • 1994  (66,865)
  • 1992  (62,697)
  • 1984  (48,999)
  • 1929  (5,622)
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  • 1990-1994  (129,562)
  • 1980-1984  (48,999)
  • 1925-1929  (5,622)
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-Similar Lattice Tilings (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 131-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the general question of the existence of self-similar lattice tilings of Euclidean space. A necessary and sufficient geometric condition on the growth of the boundary of approximate tiles is reduced to a problem in Fourier analysis that is shown to have an elegant simple solution in dimension one. In dimension two we further prove the existence of connected self-similar lattice tilings for parabolic and elliptic dilations. These results apply to produce Haar wavelet bases and certain canonical number systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00041-001-4007-6
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace Inequalities, Maximal Inequalities, and Weighted Fourier Transform Estimates (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 201-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In the spirit of work of Kerman and Sawyer, a condition is given that is necessary and sufficient for the Fourier transform norm inequality $\Big(\int_{{\Bbb R}_d} \vert\hat{f}\vert^q d\mu\Big)^{1/q} \leq C\Big(\int_{{\Bbb R}_d} \vert f\vert^p v\Big)^{1/p}$ provided v is a radial weight for which v−1/p is convexly decreasing and μ is a suitable measure. We also establish alternative conditions for such inequalities by proving corresponding trace type inequalities and maximal function inequalities that underlie the Fourier transform estimates. Our conditions are relatively simple to compute. Among applications we give extensions of a Sobolev restriction theorem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00041-001-4010-y
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singular Value Estimates for Certain Convolution-Product Operators (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 297-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present two-sided singular value estimates for a class of convolution-product operators related to time-frequency localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00041-001-4014-7
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
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    Analysis of weighted median filters based on inequalities relating the weights (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 115-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract By considering all orderings of the input samples, which are discrete-time continuous-valued, it is shown here that a weighted median (WM) filter of spanN can be specified unambiguously by 2N−1 consistent linear inequalities relating the weights. This specification is identical to that of a self-dual threshold function with the same weights. It is also shown that WM filters with symmetric weights can be specified by ternary threshold functions. Based on these inequalities, properties of WM filters which can be used to check equivalence of some WM filters are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189223
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
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    Signal and image processing using three-dimensional binary ranking transforms (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 137-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Because binary mathematical morphology permits fast local neighborhood operations by flash conversion, it is used extensively in high-speed pattern-recognition computer systems. Further, since anyN-dimensional integer function may be represented by an (N + 1)-dimensional binary (bilevel) function, ordinary two-dimensional graylevel images become three-dimensional binary images. Thus these images may be processed by high-speed flash-conversion computers assuming that a sufficiently compact three-dimensional kernel can be devised. The tetradekahedron of the face-centered-cubic tessellation forms a perfect kernel in three-dimensions. Its neighborhood is compact. It has total symmetry with all 12 neighbors equidistant from the central element. Using this kernel a variety of useful three-dimensional morphological operations may be performed for target track detection, shaded graphics, data clustering, automated focusing, and spatial filtering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189224
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  • 106
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    On the performance of stack filters and vector detection in image restoration (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 153-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two techniques for image restoration are compared in this paper. One is a technique based on the theory of optimal adaptive stack filtering; the other is a recently developed vector detection approach to image restoration. The primary difference between these two techniques is that the optimal detection technique exploits multilevela priori information, while the stack filter uses only single level zero crossing information. The design constraints for stack filters and vector detection are similar. Both approaches rely on the existence of a training sequence for the image source in order to obtain optimal processing. Adaptive stack filters do, however, require a training set of the noise while the optimal detection approach only needs a multivariate parametric representation. The image-restoration performance of these two methods is compared in a signal dependent noise environment characterizing imaging systems with speckle, film-grain, and Poisson shot noise. Comparisons are made using the mean absolute error measure as well as a subjective measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189225
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Losslessness and stability of LDI ladders and filters (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 325-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of digital ladder filters close in form, via the lossless discrete integrator (LDI) transformation, to doubly terminatedLC Cauer ladder low-pass filters is studied. The LDI transformation does not necessarily map stable analogue into stable digital filters. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these digital filter to be lossless and for a corresponding doubly terminated filter to be stable are given. LDIs are often used in the design of switched capacitor (SC) filters. For this case we provide a threshold sampling rate above which the SC LDI filter retains the stability of the analogue filter. In spite of the stability problem with the LDI mapping, it has been observed that when applied to simulate analogue filters the resulting filter is stable. It can now be argued that, in these cases, other factors in the determination of the sampling rate leads typically to a choice that is also sufficiently above the threshold rate for stability. The theory described is also useful to derive more general digital filters and to perform the design of stable LDI filters exclusively in the Z-plane without reference to analogue prototypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293679
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  • 108
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    On construction of coprime factorizations for nonlinear feedback control systems (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 285-307 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe a family of operators for constructing nontrivial left and right coprime factorizations under rather weak conditions for a large class of nonlinear feedback control systems that has a stabilizable or unstabilizable plant, using a common criterion of input-output stability. The proposed sufficiency and construction method are based on a generalization of the nonlinear Lipschitz operator theory formulated by us for such systems. This class of generalized nonlinear Lipschitz operators constitutes a very large family (an infinite-dimensional Banach space) of bounded nonlinear operators that describe (part of) the underlying systems. One of the main difficulties in constructing coprine factorizations for nonlinear feedback systems has been in taking care of the nonlinear composite and inverse operators that appear in the closed-loop configuration such that the overall feedback system is well defined in the sense of stability, causality, and uniqueness of the internal signals and such that the coprime factorizations can be achieved. In this paper we show how these difficult issues can be handled nicely under our framework of generalized nonlinear Lipschitz operator theory, at least for a very large class of nonlinear control systems. We give a simple illustrative example to show how these coprime factorizations can actually be characterized and constructed to yield explicit closed-form solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293677
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  • 109
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    Improved neural networks for analog-to-digital conversion (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 387-398 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the problem of designing a neural network that gives the correct binary representation of a given real number. Previously this problem has been studied by Tank and Hopfield. The network proposed by them exhibits “hysteresis” in the sense that the current vector of the network sometimes converges towards a binary vector that isnot the correct binary representation of the input current. The reason for this is that the network proposed by them has multiple asymptotically stable equilibria. In the present paper, we propose another neural network which has the property that it hasa single, globally attractive equilibrium for almost all values of the input current. Hence, irrespective of the initial conditions of the network, the current vector converges towards the correct binary representation of the input current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190983
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  • 110
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    On observability of singular systems (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 421-430 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Concepts of observability and strong observability for singular systems are introduced and characterized geometrically in terms of the system matrices without using the Weierstrass decomposition. Duality relations between observability and controllability and that between reachability and strong observability are established. A canonical form for the action of the output injection group on the set of observable systems is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190985
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  • 111
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    Rotationally invariant pecstrum: A rotationally invariant object descriptor based on mathematical morphology (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 455-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical morphology is becoming increasingly important in industrial vision applications for object recognition and defect inspection. In this paper we define a new function based on mathematical morphology, which we named the Rotationally Invariant Pecstrum (RIP). The RIP is proven to be invariant under rotation regardless of the shape of the structuring element. This paper also discusses how to use the RIP as an object descriptor and studies the effect of using different structuring elements on recognizing objects of different shapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219503
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  • 112
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    Close-form coefficient expressions of typical two-dimensional band-select linear-phase FIR filters (1992)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 493-508 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This work presents close-form formulas for typical two-dimensional bandselect linear-phase FIR filters (e.g., band-pass, high-pass, and band-stop filters) optimal in the least-squares sense. Cases of both circular and elliptical symmetry are considered. The formulas refer to the coefficients of the frequency sampling form of the frequency response. Therefore they can either be directly used for filter implementation, if the frequency sampling structure is adopted, or used to obtain the impulse response coefficients via an inverse FFT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219504
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  • 113
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    Regularity and singularity in linear-quadratic control subject to implicit continuous-time systems (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 19-30 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A linear-quadratic (LQ) control problem subject to a standard continuous-time system is called regular if the input weighting matrix is invertible, and singular if this is not the case. Consequently, optimal inputs for regular LQ problems are ordinary functions (state feedbacks), whereas optical controls for singular problems are in general distributions, e.g., impulses. We will show that regularity and singularity in LQ problems subject to ageneral (implicit) system depends not so much on the input weighting matrix, as on the property that the integrand of the cost criterion is a function only if inputs and state trajectories are, as is the case for LQ problems, subject to astandard system. In particular, we will provide a simple criterion for distinguishing between regularity and singularity in LQ problems subject to a general system. Our criterion is expressed in the system coefficients only and reduces to the classical one if the underlying system is standard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183839
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  • 114
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    Preface (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 119-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188100
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  • 115
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    Explicit formulae for completions of linear time varying singular systems of differential equations (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 185-199 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Completions of linear time varying singular systems of the formE(t)x′(t)+F(t)x′(t)=f(t) are explicitly computed using recent results on rational matrix functions. The algorithm and the theory behind it are carefully described. Computational issues are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188105
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  • 116
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    Spectral methods for the solution of linear descriptor systems using Fourier functions (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 225-239 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a spectral method using orthogonal periodic basis functions for the analysis of linear time invariant descriptor systems is discussed, and the case of the trigonometric Fourier functions is investigated in detail. The method is shown to be convergent, in the distributional sense. However, for any finite number of basis functions, the periodicity induced by the chosen basis can give rise to spurious impulsive components in the computed system response, even in the case of correct initial conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188108
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  • 117
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    Topological considerations for autoregressive systems with fixed Kronecker indices (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 295-308 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we will study topological properties of the class of proper and improperp×m transfer functions of a fixed McMillan degreen. A natural generalization of this class is all autoregressive systems of degreen under external system equivalence. The subset of irreducible systems has in a natural way the structure of a manifold and we show how to extend this topology to the set of all autoregressive systems of degree at mostn. We will describe the subset of systems with fixed Kronecker indicesv=(v1,...,v p ) as an orbit space, which will enable us to calculate the topological dimension for each collection of indicesv. Finally, we will describe the topological closure of those sets in the space of all autoregressive systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188112
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  • 118
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    Output dynamics assignment for implicit descriptions (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 349-359 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown in [B.M.90] that non-square implicit differential equations allow for the description of variable structure systems (variable order, variable sign, variable parameters). We combine here the possible control strategy developed in [L.91] for rectangular systems (insuring a unique output behavior for the system compensated with a proportional or proportional and derivative state feedback) with the detector and the observer introduced in [B.M.90] in order to obtain a closed-loop system where the initial structure variation disappears on the output. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the free assignment of the associated output dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188115
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  • 119
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    Higher order cumulants and cumulant spectra (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 391-402 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An exposition of joint cumulants and cumulant spectra is presented. A distinction is emphasized in this paper between the cumulant spectrum of a time series and its stationary version, here called apolyspectrum. The variance and covariance of the sample bispectrum is then derived using a relationship between cumulant spectra of the finite Fourier transform for the 2nd and 4th cumulant function, and the bispectrum and trispectrum of the time series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183737
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  • 120
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    On the detection of transient signals using spectral correlation (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 467-479 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The detection of a general class of transient (i.e., finite energy) signals in additive stationary interference using the spectral correlation function (second order cumulant spectrum) is presented. Observable features in the two-dimensional spectral correlation function due to properties of signals in the assumed class of transients are exploited to derive a detection statistic. The performance of the proposed detection statistic relative to a conventional power spectral detector is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183742
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  • 121
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    Development and application of a statistically based feature extraction algorithm for monitoring tool wear in Circuit Board Assembly (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 411-433 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Keywords: Statistics: Nonparametric time series estimation for pattern analysis ; Industries: Health monitoring and durability of rotating machinery ; Reliability: Incipient failure inspection/quality control/system safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Vibroacoustic signals of rotating machinery are composed of sums of modulated periodicities, broadband random components, and occasionally a set of transient responses. These signals are not ergodic as the modulated periodicities are partially coherent. Progressive wear of the rotating machine causes the nonlinear structure of the received signal to intensify, and nonlinearity results in transfer of energy between harmonics of the signal's periodic components. Statistics developed from bispectrum and second-order cumulant spectrum estimates of the measured signal are combined with power spectrum amplitudes as feature inputs for standard multivariate classifiers. The higher-order statistics measure, respectively, the extent of nonlinearity and intermodulation of the received signal. Classification results of simulated and actual incipient wear data collected from a controlled experiment drilling circuit boards illustrate the potential of this novel statistical signal processing approach.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183739
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  • 122
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    Geometric characterization of Lewis Structure Algorithm (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 255-272 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A geometric interpretation of the Lewis Structure Algorithm (LSA) is given in terms of precise projection maps directly defined from the (E, A, B, C) maps of the system. An extended version of LSA is offered which, in addition to this geometric information, also provides in a direct way, and within the same (E, A, B, C) class of models, a left inverse (if any) of the system. An example is given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188110
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  • 123
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    An intermediate algorithm for pole placement by output feedback in descriptor systems (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 329-345 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of control of linear, time-invariant, multivariable descriptor (implicit) systems. In particular we examine the effectiveness of an algorithm (which is a generalization of previous work in state space systems) for the design of an output feedback control giving pole placement in such systems. Conditions are presented which ensure that the algorithm produces the required control. We also address the important issue of uniqueness of solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188114
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  • 124
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    Preface (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 389-390 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183736
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  • 125
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    Active sonar detection in multipath: A New bispectral analysis approach (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 455-466 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Detecting active sonar returns in multipath media is a central underwater signal processing problem. This paper studies a new approach to active sonar detection using bispectral analysis of sonar data. Its sensitivity to non-stationarities is used to develop a threshold detector that can be applied to broad classes of signals and noise. Precise statistical descriptions of the underwater medium and noise are not required. Theoretical analyses predicting its performance as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and time-bandwidth product are presented. Computer simulation experiments verify the results and show that its performance compares favorably to that of conventional detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183741
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  • 126
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    Signal detection using third-order moments (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 481-496 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The noise suppression capability of higher-order moments and spectra has made them attractive when the goal is to extract or reconstruct a signal that is contaminated by multivariate Gaussian noise or certain types of non-Gaussian noise. Two new detectors, one centralized and one distributed, which are based on the third-order moment of the data are proposed. The asymptotic performance of the centralized detector and the asymptotic distribution of the components of the distributed detector are analyzed. Further, the performance of these detectors is simulated and compared to that of the matched filter for three different types of interference: Gaussian noise, Gaussian noise corrupted by a sinusoid with random phase, and Arctic under-ice noise.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183743
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  • 127
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    Control of linear systems under state-control constraints (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 361-372 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the controller design problem for linear systems in which the state and the controls are subject to static linear constraints. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence, and present a complete parametrization of all stabilizing controllers. This parametrization allows us to transform the constrained control problem into a standard problem which can be solved using usualH 2 orH ∞ optimization methods. The approach is illustrated by a simple numerical example showing the various steps of the proposed algorithm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188116
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  • 128
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    Limitations on the use of discrete linear models of continuous random processes (1994)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 403-410 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A continuous stationary signal possessing non-Gaussian higher order statistics cannot be correctly modelled by any discrete process based on passing independently and identically distributed noise through a linear filter. In particular, it is shown that at third order there exists no discrete skewed linear model with a discrete bispectrum that is the same as that obtained from the Nyquist samples of any continuous stationary process. The nature of the problem is elucidated and an alternative method for modelling the third order statistics of continuous stationary processes is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183738
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    Beneficial changes in random variables under multiple sources of risk and their comparative statics (1992)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 7-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Risk ; Insurance Demand ; Deterministic Transformations ; Stochastic Dominance ; Expected Utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The consequences of a change in a random parameter are determined for a decision model with more than one source of randomness. The two cases of independent and stochastically dependent sources of risk are discussed. Four comparative static theorems are given. These state the effect of first degree stochastically dominant shifts or risk decreases for one random variable while the other random variable is held fixed. Deterministic transformations are used to represent random parameter changes. The results are presented in the context of the coinsurance demand model with a risky insurable asset and background risk.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941954
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    Comparative statics under multiple sources of risk with applications to insurance demand (1992)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 21-33 
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    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Insurance Demand ; Multiple Sources of Risk ; Comparative Statics ; Increases in Risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we propose an answer to the following problem of comparative statics in models with multiple sources of risk: How a risk averse agent will change his coinsurance demand when the distribution of the insurable loss is shifted? To answer the question, we first comment on Jack Meyer's results and then we show how an alternate approach leads to more definitive comparative statics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941955
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    Pricing insurance and warranties: Ambiguity and correlated risks (1992)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 35-60 
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    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Ambiguity ; Pricing ; Actuaries ; Decision Processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire study of pricing decisions made by professional actuaries when the probabilities of a loss are either ambiguous or nonambiguous. Theoretical hypotheses derived from the expected utility model were compared with the implications of procedures described by practicing actuaries. Actuaries were asked to act as consultants to a computer manufacturer concerning the price of a warranty. The suggested prices were considerably higher when probabilities were ambiguous than when they were well-specified. These pricing decisions were consistent with the procedures described by actuaries but inconsistent with predictions from expected utility theory when the risks are perfectly correlated. Further insight into the actual decision process is provided by interviews with actuaries and an analysis of comments written on the questionnaire forms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941956
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    Saving under uncertainty: A bivariate non-expected utility approach (1992)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 61-75 
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    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Saving ; Borrowing ; Increases in Risk Aversion ; Increases in Risk ; Multivariate NonExpected Utility Model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We adopt the multivariate non-expected utility approach proposed by Yaari [1986] to provide a characterization of the comparative statics effects of greater risk aversion and of mean-preserving increases in risk on saving and borrowing in the presence of income and interest rate risk. We show that in Yaari's model, it is possible to extend the applicability of the Diamond and Stiglitz [1974] and Kihlstrom and Mirman [1974] (DSKM) single-crossing property to establish a relationship between greater risk aversion and saving (or borrowing) on the basis of the individual's ordinal preferences as long as the two risks are independent. We also demonstrate that the comparative statics effects of a joint mean-preserving increase in random income and interest rate on saving and borrowing can be determined by an extension of the DSKM single-crossing property.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941957
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    Plasmid incidence and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate biodegradation in wastewater and pristine pond ecosystems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 37-43 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate ; Biodegradation ; Plasmid ; Detergent ; Gene probe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a widely used anionic surfactant. Although approximately 1 million metric tons of LAS are produced annually, relatively little is known about the bacteria or the genetic factors that control LAS degradation in the environment. The objectives of this research were to: i) compare bacterial populations in wastewater and pristine pond systems; ii) determine the frequency of plasmids in bacteria from these sites; and iii) compare the frequency of DNA sequences coding for aromatic catabolism in isolates from these two sites. Plate counts indicated that exposure to wastewater resulted in higher levels of both heterotrophic bacteria and bacteria capable of growing on LAS containing medium (LAS/YEPG). In addition to higher numbers, a higher proportion of heterotrophs from the wastewater system were capable of growth on LAS/YEPG medium. Thus, the high levels of LAS in the wastewater system apparently selected fro organisms that were able to tolerate and/or degrade, it. Mineralization of14C-ring labelled LAS in any habitat related to the presence of organisms that grew on LAS/YEPG. Although may of these isolates could carry out primary degradation, no isolate, could mineralize14C-ring LAS in pure culture. A higher incidence of plasmids was found in bacteria from the wastewater pond and among bacteria that grew on LAS containing medium. However, the presence of plasmid, DNA did not necessarily confer the ability to degrade LAS nor was the ability to degrade LAS dependent on the presence of a plasmid. The incidence of selected genotypes for aromatic catabolism was similar among isolates on LAS/YEPG at both sites, suggesting that LAS ring degradation may be present in other populations or encoded by alternative sequences. In conclusion, LAS mineralization is mediated by a consortium and the evidence that initial attack of LAS is plasmid mediated is inconclusive.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576366
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    10-Hydroxy-8(Z)-octadecenoic acid, an intermediate in the bioconversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 103-107 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Fatty acid bioconversion ; hydroxy octadecenoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Previously, we reported the discovery of a new compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) which was produced from oleic acid by a new bacterial isolate PR3 [6,7]. The reaction is unique in that it involves a hydroxylation at two positions and a rearrangement of the double bond of the substrate molecule. Now, we have isolated another compound from the reaction mixture determined by GC/MS to be 10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (HOD). NMR and IR data indicate that the unsaturation is probablycis. The optimum pH and temperature for the production of HOD by strain PR3 were 6.5 and 30°C, about the same as those for DOD. However, the amount of HOD detected remained small throughout an 48-h reaction period during which the amount of DOD increased sharply. At 48 h of reaction, the ratio between HOD∶DOD was 1∶10. HOD may be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of DOD from oleic acid.
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    Cultivation ofCandida blankii in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 109-113 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Candida blankii ; Biomass ; d-Xylose ; l-Arabinose ; Acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary All fourCandida blankii isolates evaluated for growth in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate utilized the sugars and acetic acid completely. The utilization ofd-xylose,l-arabinose and acetic acid were delayed by the presence ofd-glucose, but after glucose depletion the other carbon sources were utilized simultaneously. The maximum specific growth rate of 0.36 h−1 and cell yield of 0.47 g cells/g carbon source assimilate compared with published results obtained withC. utilis. C. blankii appeared superior toC. utilis for biomass production from hemicellulose hydrolysate in that it utilizedl-arabinose and was capable of growth at higher temperatures.
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    Laboratory-scale biosynthesis ofTrichoderma mycolytic enzymes for protoplast release fromCochliobolus lunatus (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 115-119 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Mycolytic enzymes ; Trichoderma viride ; Protoplasts ; Cochliobolus lunatus ; Fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Microorganism useful for the induction of enzymes lytic towards walls of filamentous fungusCochliobolus lunatus were studies. Production of specificTrichoderma viride mycolytic enzymes was studied in a laboratory fermentor. The product with high chitinase and relatively low protease activity gave better yields ofC. lunatus protoplasts than commercial Novozym 234.
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    Optimized protocol for the pilot-scale preparation of fungal cellulase (1992)
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 121-125 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Trichoderma viride ; Cellulase production ; Optimized production medium and parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A 25-l scale protocol is devised for the optimal secretion and recovery of fungal cellulase. Using a selected higher yieldingTrichoderma viride SMC strain, a protocol consisted of: a) an optimized production medium rich in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), fortified with 1% (w/v) ammonium sulphate, 0.5% (w/v) soybean flour, 0.1% (v/v) Tween-80 and other trace nutrients; b) optimized physical parameters of production, such as an inoculum containing a homogeneous suspension of 6×107 conidia per 1,28±1°C, pH 4.0±0.5, 300±20 rpm, 11000±1000 l/h aeration, and 170–220 h duration; c) optimal recovery through a filter press (450 l/h rate of filtration) followed by precipitation with 2.5–3.0 volumes of acetone (15°C and basket centrifugation (27°C, 1700 rpm)); and d) vacuum drying (35°C, 4–6 h). This afforded 70% recovery of cellulase in the form of white fluffy powder containing 20000±2000 carboxy methyl cellulase and 1000±50 units filter paperase per g activities, with raw material cost of US$ 8–10 per million carboxy methyl cellulase units. During storage for 18 months at 4°C, ambient temperature and 37°C, the cellulase preparation was found to retain 100, 75 and 60% of its initial activity, respectively.
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    Production ofLactococcus lactis biomass by immobilized cell technology (1992)
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 131-135 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Cheese ; Starters ; Production ; Alignate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Calcium alginate beads containingLactococcus lactis cells were used for three batch fermentations of milk or a commercially available growth medium (Gold Complete, Nordica) with the aim of producing concentrated cultures. Repeated fermentations did not significantly increase bead CFU counts which were between 3.3–7.8×1010 CFU/g. During the second and third fermentations, which lasted 6 h each, the bead populations decreased if the incubation was extended over 2 h. There was cell release from the beads. Fermentation media and fermentation time all had an effect on free cell counts, but none of these factors statistically interacted. Free cell counts were higher at the end of fermentations 2 and 3 than in the first fermentation and approximately 50% of the population was in the free state. Free cell counts were higher when the beads were incubated in Gold complete than in milk. Although the total bacterial population of a standard free cell fermentation was always higher than those having immobilized cells, immobilized cell technology did enable the production of dense cultures.
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    Immobilization ofβ-fructofuranosidase fromAureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524 on porous silica (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 247-250 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Fructosyl-transferring enzyme ; 1-Kestose ; Fructo-oligosaccharide ; Continuous production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary β-Fructofuranosidase P-1 fromAureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524, which produces a fructo-oligosaccharide (1-kestose) from sucrose, was immobilized covalently onto alkylamine porous silica with glutaraldehyde at high efficiency (44.4%). Optimum pore diameter of porous silica for immobilization of the enzyme was 91.7 nm. The enzymatic profiles of immobilized enzyme were almost identical to the native one except its stabilities to temperature and metal ions were improved. 1-Kestose was produced continuously and selectively from 40% (w/v) sucrose at fast flow rates by a column packed with the immobilized enzyme for up to 26 days, and the effluent concentration of 1-kestose remained in the range 113–135 mg ml−1.
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    Production of microbial levan from sucrose, sugarcane juice and beet molasses (1992)
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 257-260 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Polysaccharide ; Fructan ; Gum ; Fermentation ; Bacillus polymyxa ; Sweetener
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Bacillus polymyxa (NRRL-18475) produced a levan-type fructan (B, 2→6 fructofuranoside) when grown on sucrose, sugarcane juice, and sugarbeet molasses. The organism converted about 46% of the fructose moiety of sucrose to levan when grown on sucrose medium, however, the yields of levan from sugarcane juice and beet molasses were much less than sucrose solution. Such sugarcane juice and beet molasses can be made a good substrate for levan production by various modifications. Adding peptone to sugarcane juice or passing beet molasses through a column of gel filtration media improved levan yield to a level almost comparable to that obtained from sucrose.
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    Self-Similarity in Harmonic Analysis (1994)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 1-37 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This is a survey of recent work involving concepts of self-similarity that relate to harmonic analysis. Perhaps the main theme is the question: how does the fractal or self-similar nature of an object express itself on the Fourier transform side? A wide range of related topics are discussed, including self-similar measures and distributions, fractal Plancherel theorems, Lp dimensions and densities of measures, multiperiodic functions and their asymptotic behavior, convolution equations with self-similar measures, self-similar tilings, and the development of self-similar analysis on stratified nilpotent Lie groups.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00041-001-4001-z
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    Differentiation and the Balian-Low Theorem (1994)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 355-402 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Balian-Low theorem (BLT) is a key result in time-frequency analysis, originally stated by Balian and, independently, by Low, as: If a Gabor system $\{e^{2\pi imbt} \, g(t-na)\}_{m,n \in \mbox{\bf Z}}$ with $ab=1$ forms an orthonormal basis for $L^2({\bf R}),$ then $\left(\int_{-\infty}^\infty |t \, g(t)|^2 \, dt\right) \, \left(\int_{-\infty}^\infty |\gamma \, \hat g(\gamma)|^2 \, d\gamma\right) = +\infty.$ The BLT was later extended from orthonormal bases to exact frames. This paper presents a tutorial on Gabor systems, the BLT, and related topics, such as the Zak transform and Wilson bases. Because of the fact that $(g')^{\wedge}(\gamma) = 2 \pi i \gamma \, \hat g(\gamma)$ , the role of differentiation in the proof of the BLT is examined carefully. The major new contributions of this paper are the construction of a complete Gabor system of the form $\{e^{2\pi ib_mt\} \, g(t-a_n)}$ such that $\{(a_n,b_m)\}$ has density strictly less than 1, an Amalgam BLT that provides distinct restrictions on Gabor systems $\{e^{2\pi imbt} \, g(t-na)\}$ that form exact frames, and a new proof of the BLT for exact frames that does not require differentiation and relies only on classical real variable methods from harmonic analysis.
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    High-speed recursive digital filter realization (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 267-294 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pipeline techniques have been successfully applied to speeding up processing in both general- and special-purpose digital computers. Application of these techniques to nonrecursive (FIR) filters has been suggested and is quite straightforward. Application to recursive (IIR) filters has not previously been shown. In this paper, the technique for applying pipeline techniques to recursive filters is shown and the advantages and disadvantages of the technique are discussed. Using these techniques, recursive digital filters operating at hitherto impossibly high rates can be designed.
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    A Hybrid system for the reconstruction of a smooth function from its samples (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 295-314 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The long-standing problem of reconstructing a function from its samples is considered again. Assuming a sequence of oversampled values, a set of appropriate idealized reconstruction filters can be defined, which do not suffer from instability or slow convergence. The realization — a cascade of a nonrecursive digital filter, D/A-converter, and a fixed/analog smoothing filter — demands the design of the digital filter for the increase of the sampling rate. The design of this nonrecursive filter is the purpose of this paper. Approximations in the frequency as well as in the time domain are presented.
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    Frequency-Domain Bounds for Nonnegative, Unsharply Band-Limited Functions (1994)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 39-65 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a technique for proving bounds of the Boas-Kac-Lukosz type for unsharply restricted functions with nonnegative Fourier transforms. Hence we consider functions F(x) ≥ 0, the Fourier transform f(u) of which satisfies |f(u)| ≤ ε for all u in a subset of (-∞,-1] ⋃ [1,∞), and are interested in bounds on |f(u)| for |u| ≤ 1. This technique gives rise to several "epsilonized" versions of the Boas-Kac-Lukosz bound (which deals with the case f(u) = 0, |u| ≥ 1). For instance, we find that |f(u)| ≤ L(u) + O(ε2/3), where L(u) is the Boas-Kac-Lukosz bound, and show by means of an example that this version is the sharpest possible with respect to its behaviour as a function of ε as ε ↓ 0. The technique also turns out to be sufficiently powerful to yield the best bound as ε ↓ 0 in various other cases with less severe restrictions on f.
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    Generalized Rudin-Shapiro Systems (1994)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 87-101 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The classical Rudin–Shapiro construction produces a sequence of polynomials with ±1 coefficients such that on the unit circle each such polynomial P satisfies the "flatness" property ||P||∞ ≤ √2||P||2. It is shown how to construct blocks of such flat polynomials so that the polynomials in each block form an orthogonal system. The construction depends on a fundamental generating matrix and a recursion rule. When the generating matrix is a multiple of a unitary matrix, the flatness, orthogonality, and other symmetries are obtained. Two different recursion rules are examined in detail and are shown to generate the same blocks of polynomials although with permuted orders. When the generating matrix is the Fourier matrix, closed-form formulas for the polynomial coefficients are obtained. The connection with the Hadamard matrix is also discussed.
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    Singular Value Estimates for Certain Convolution-Product Operators (1994)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 311-353 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an expansion for radial tempered distributions on ${\bf R}^n$ in terms of smooth, radial analyzing and synthesizing functions with space-frequency localization properties similar to standard wavelets. Scales of quasi-norms are defined for the coefficients of the expansion that characterize, via Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory, when a radial distribution belongs to a Triebel-Lizorkin or Besov space. These spaces include, for example, the $L^p$ spaces, $1 〈 p 〈 \infty,$ Hardy spaces $H^p, 0 〈 p \leq 1,$ Sobolev spaces $L^p_k,$ and Lipschitz spaces $\Lambda_\alpha, \alpha 〉 0.$ We also present a smooth radial atomic decomposition and norm estimates for sums of smooth radial molecules. The radial wavelets, atoms, and molecules that we consider are localized near certain annuli, as opposed to cubes in the usual, nonradial setting. The radial wavelet expansion is multiscale, where the functions in the different scales are related by dilation. However, there is no translation structure within a given scale, unlike the situation with standard wavelet systems.
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    Editorial (1992)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 3-4 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189218
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    Preface (1992)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 5-6 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189219
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    Design of universal, variable frequency range FIR digital differentiators (1992)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 431-439 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An efficient design of digital differentiators (DD), with a variable frequency range of operation at low and midband frequencies, has been proposed. Implemented as a Taylor structure, a DD designed for orderN can be made to function as a universal configuration giving optimal transfer functions for all possible ordersN, without changing the coefficients.
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    Power system transient stability analysis: Formulation as nearly Hamiltonian systems (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 105-122 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we formulate power systems as nonlinear nearly Hamiltonian systems. Using the invariance principle for ordinary differential equations, necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability are established and a new method of estimating the domain of attraction of the stable equilibrium point is developed. The present results constitute a novel approach to stability analysis and involve the following three steps: a. Given a system with dissipation, the stability of its equilibrium is ascertained by determining the stability of the associated conservative system. b. Attractivity of the stable equilibrium of the entire system (with dissipation) is determined from the system topology. c. An estimate of the domain of attraction of the asymptotically stable equilibrium is obtained by making use of results obtained in (a) and (b). The stability criterion developed in this paper sheds new light on the mechanism of instability in power systems and it provides analytical verification to the concept of the potential-energy boundary surface (PEBS). The PEBS is a hypersurface which makes up a part of the boundary of the domain of attraction of the stable equilibrium in a power system. The existence and properties of the PEBS have thus far been deduced primarily via simulations and heuristic methods.
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    On line-free and flicker-free television reproduction (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 161-176 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In conventional television systems, picture scanning in vertical and temporal directions is usually very defective with regard to the sampling theorem. In this paper some deficiencies such as aliasing, line-structure distortion, line flickering, and large-area flickering are investigated with regard to their dependence on the inter-lacedpicture-scanning process. The three-dimensional reconstruction filtering of the sampled picture is especially analyzed with respect of the viewer's perception. Furthermore, it will be shown that in connection with a new concept of picture scanning published earlier [1], [2], a flat-field reproduction without any 25/30-Hz flicker can be achieved by vertical filtering only. This is true even though the final reproduction by the monitor is performed with interlace. The vertical filtering can then be optimized in the sense of maximum picture sharpness and resolution with negligible ringing as well. Practical results are given in this paper.
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    Design of recursive digital filters for the selection or rejection of a particular velocity in seismic signals (1984)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 177-191 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a new type of “velocity-selecting/rejecting filter” which passes or stops a particular event in a seismic signal is proposed. The velocity-selecting filter is based on a time-space band-pass filter with sharp passband for a particular direction, and similarly, the velocity-rejecting filter is based on a time-space band-stop filter. A technique for designing such filters, in terms of an infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filter, is presented, in which a rotated version of separable filter is used. Finally, numerical examples are included to illustrate the design theory.
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    Memoryless state feedback control for nonlinear systems (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 347-359 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599081
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    Generalized Schur-Coleski factorization with applications to image processing (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 315-325 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A special type of factorization for operators defined on partially ordered Hilbert resolution spaces is considered. The main result includes, as a particular case, the classical Schur-Coleski triangular factorization. Connections with stochastic optimization and image-processing problems are established.
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    Iteration and functional expansions (1984)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 409-417 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In a recent paper on nonlocal expansions necessary and sufficient conditions are given under whichf −1 has a generalized power series expansion, whenf is an invertible locally Lipschitz map between certain general subsets of a complex Banach space. Here we establish the validity of a conceptually interesting algorithm for obtaining the expansion. Basically, we show that a certain contraction mapping iteration generates iteratesℐ 1,ℐ 2,... such that eachℐ k yields all of the terms of the generalized power series expansion off −1 up to order (k + 1), assuming merely that the expansion off −1 exists. An earlier different result along related lines is mentioned.
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    Generating nonorthogonal bases for signal representation (1984)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 3 (1984), S. 447-475 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The representation of functions in a basis function expansionz(t)= ∑k=1/∞=,a k〉 x k (t) is straightforward when the basis functionsx k (t) are orthogonal. There has been very little work up to this time in determining how to use nonorthogonal bases in signal representation. On the other hand, applications in data compression and signal synthesis often require using specific tailor-made bases. Presented here is a method for constructing very general nonorthogonal bases. Orthogonality has often been used to show that a basis spans the set of functions of interest and to calculate the coefficients of the representation. In this paper, both of these fundamental aspects are addressed for nonorthogonal bases. A new basis {y k (t)} is obtained by performing a linear transformation on a known existing basis {x k (t)}. This transformation is constructed such that the coefficients of signal representation on the new basis are readily found. Then, a useful and sufficient condition is placed upon the new basis such that representations converge. The fundamental methods are applied to the standard examples of signal representation. The complex sinusoids, the Rademacher functions, the orthogonal polynomials, and the decaying exponentials are used as the original basis {x k (t)} from which a new basis {y k (t)} is generated. Two examples are given to illustrate general applications: one in signal synthesis and one in signal analysis.
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    Optimisation of culture conditions for production of eicosapentaenoic acid byMortierella elongate NRRL 5513 (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 11-17 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Eicosapentaenoic acid ; Mortierella elongata ; Omega-3 fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary WhenMortierella elongata NRRL 5513 was cultured in shake flasks at 25°C, mycelial growth reached a stationary phase at 48 h but maximum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production was observed at 6 days. When incubated at 11°C, EPA production also continued to rise during the stationary phase of growth, reaching a maximum after 10 days. An initial culture pH of 6.1 was found to be optimum for EPA production. The effect of temperature on EPA production was dependent on medium constituents. In glucose and linseed oil supplemented media, optimum temperature for EPA production was 11 and 15°C respectively. A maximum EPA yield of 0.61 g/l was obtained in linseed oil (2%), yeast extract (0.5%) supplemented basal medium. Maximum EPA content as a percentage of lipids (15.12%) was observed when the latter medium was supplemented with 0.25% urea.
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    Effect of the levels of dissolved oxygen on the expression of recombinant proteins in four recombinantEscherichia coli strains (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 1-9 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Recombinant culture ; Dissolved oxygen ; Biomass ; Plasmid content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Four recombinant strains ofEscherichia coli were examined for the effects of the dissolved oxygen level on the level of biomass, the plasmid content, and the level of recombinant protein at the stationary phase of batch growth. Strains JM101/pYEJ001, and TB-1/pYEJ001 (encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase), and strain TB-1/p1034, and TB-1/pUC19 (encoding β-galactosidase) were grown at the constant dissolved oxygen levels of 0, 50, and 100% air saturation, as well as in the absence of dissolved, oxygen control. The biomass of all strains under constant aerobic conditions was 12–36 times higher than that under anaerobic conditions, but was the same as or slightly higher than that without dissolved oxygen control. The plasmid content in all strains under anaerobic conditions was 2.9–11.7 times higher than that under aerobic conditions. The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for the specific activity of recombinant proteins was dependent upon the strain. In no strain were constant aerobic conditions optimal. However, because of the effect on biomass, controlled aerobic conditions were optimal for the volumetric activity of recombinant protein in all but one strain.
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    Enhanced glucan formation of filamentous fungi by effective mixing, oxygen limitation and fed-batch processing (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 19-25 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Schizophyllum commune ; Sclerotium glucanicum ; Branched β-1,3-glucan ; Fan-impeller ; Oxygen limitation ; Process design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Glucan formation ofSchizophyllum commune andSclerotium glucanicum were investigated. Process data obtained during batch cultivation are presented. Glucan release can be improved by oxygen limitation. Thus, growth and glucan release are influenced by oxygen in opposite ways. Possible pathways of this oxygen-dependent regulation are discussed. A draft-tube/propeller system, rushtonturbine-, fan- and helicon-ribbon-impeller as well as a fundaspi and intermig agitator were tested. The 4-bladed fan impeller withd *=0.64 yielded the best results, since effective bulk mixing is much more important than bubble break up (micromixing) with regard to this system. Fed-batch cultivation always resulted in higher rates of glucan formation than the batch process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576364
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    Fate in water of a recombinantEscherichia coli K-12 strain used in the commercial production of bovine somatotropin (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 27-36 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Genetically engineered microorganisms ; Bovine somatotropin ; Survival ; River
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fate in water ofEscherichia coli K-12 strain LBB269, both plasmid-free and carrying the recombinant plasmid pBGH1, was studied.E. coli K-12 strain LBB269 (pBGH1) is a nalidixic acid resistant derivative of W3110G (pBGH1), the microorganism used by Monsanto Company for the commercial production of bovine somatotropin. Water samples were obtained from the Missouri River and from the Monsanto Life Sciences Research Center aqueous waste basin. Strains LBB269 and LBB269 (pBGH1) were grown in fermentation vessel under bovine somatotropin (BST) production conditions, and inoculated into the water samples. The inoculated water samples were incubated, at 26°C, and the number of viableE. coli cells was determined as a function of time. In sterile water from both sources, the two strains remained, at a constant level for at least 28 days; LBB269 (pBGH1) remained at a constant level in sterile water for at least 300 days. In non-sterile water from both sources, the two strains declined from an initial concentration of about 3.0×106 cells per ml to less than 10 cells per ml in 147 h. The study conditions did not adversely affect the populations of indigenous microorganisms. The selective loss of strains LBB269 and LBB269 (pBGH1) demonstrates that theseE. coli strains do not survive in environmental sources of water. In addition, it was observed that the presence of pBGH1 had essentially no effect on the disappearance of strain LBB269 from either source of water.
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    Rapid identification of teleocidins in fermentation broth using HPLC photodiode array and LC/MS methodology (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 45-52 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Protein kinase C (PKC) ; Phorbol ester ; Methylpendolmycin ; Pendolmycin ; Actinomycete
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary During the course of screening for inhibitors of phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C, several actinomycete cultures were discovered that produce active metabolites. HPLC coupled to photodiode array and LC/MS techniques were applied to broth extracts to identify the presence of indolactams belonging to the teleocidin family. Various members of this family were rapidly identified from crude broth extracts using a combination of these spectroanalytical procedures. An analytical HPLC system was developed to optimize separation of teleocidin, A and B analogues directly from ethyl acetate extracts of whole broth cultures. This technique allowed us to identify a novel homologue of pendolmycin and demonstrated the utility of photodiode array HPLC coupled with LC/MS as an intial analytical tool in the analyses of these secondary metabolites produced by soil microorganisms.
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    Detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by fungi (1992)
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 53-61 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bioremediation ; Biotransformation ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Metabolism ; PAHs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of hazardous environmental pollutants, many of which are acutely toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. A diverse group of fungi, includingAspergillus ochraceus, Cunninghamella elegans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, andSyncephalastrum racemosum, have the ability to oxidize PAHs. The PAHs anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, as well as several methyl-, nitro-, and fluoro-substituted PAHs, are metabolized by one or more of these fungi. Unsubstituted PAHs are oxidized initially to arene oxides,trans-dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and tetralones. Phenols andtrans-dihydrodiols may be further metabolized, and thus detoxified, by conjugation with sulfate, glucuronic acid, glucose, or xylose. Although dihydrodiol epoxides and other mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds have been detected as minor fungal metabolites of a few PAHs, most transformations performed by fungi reduce the mutagenicity and thus detoxify the PAHs.
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    Chemical modification of the α-amylase ofBacillus caldovelox with diethyl pyrocarbonate: Evidence for an essential histidine at the active site (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 63-68 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: α-Amylase ; Histidine ; Chemical modification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The α-amylase ofBacillus caldovelox is inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate at pH 6.6 and 20°C by a monomolecular reaction with a second-order rate constant of 41.7 M−1·min−1. The rate of inactivation increases with decreasing pH, suggesting participation of an amino acid residue with a pK a of 6.6. The increase in absorbance at 240 nm, unchanged absorbance at 280 nm and reactivation in the presence of hydroxylamine suggest the participation of a histidine residue. Statistical analyses of inactivation suggest that only one histidine residue is essential for activity. Substrate afforded complete protection against inactivation, indicating the involvement of the histidine residue at the active site of the enzyme.
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    Some factors influencing the proportion of periplasmic hepatitisB virus pre-S2 antigen in the recombinant yeastHansenula polymorpha (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 69-72 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Secretion ; Periplasmic pre-S2 antigen ; Recombinant protein ; Experimental design ; Methylotrophic yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate, for the purpose of future process optimization, the influence of pH, yeast extract and ammonium chloride concentrations on the proportion of periplasmic hepatitisB pre-S2 antigen in the recombinant yeastHansenula polymorpha. Each factor was tested at five levels, and a second order polynomial model for the proportion of periplasmic antigen was fitted to the treatment combinations. pH showed the greatest effect: the proportion of periplasmic antigen was greatly increased at the higher pH levels. At the higher pH levels used, the proportion of periplasmic antigen was enhanced by a high concentration of ammonium chloride. Additional experiments have confirmed both the validity of the selected model and the optimal conditions found. A significant correlation was found between the proportion of periplasmic antigen and the total yield of antigen. These results indicated that is should be possible to modulate the distribution of the pre-S2 antigen between the periplasm and the cytoplasm of the yeast.
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    Antimicrobial activities of 2-arylthio-N-alkylmaleimides (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 91-96 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Antimicrobial activity ; 2-Arylthio-N-alkylmaleimide ; Antibacterial activity ; Antifungal activity ; Minimum inhibitory concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A variety of 2-arylthio-N-alkylmaleimides were prepared, and their antimicrobial activities were examined. Almost all of these compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such asBacillus subtilis andStaphylococcus aureus. Some compounds such as 2-(halogeno-phenyl)-thio-N-methylmaleimides (4, 5, 6, 8 and 10) and 2-(2-carbamoylphenyl)thio-N-methylmaleimide(35) exhibited antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli. All compounds tested were inactive againstPseudomonas aeruginosa except 2-(2-carbamoylphenyl)thio-N-methylmaleimide(35) which was marginally active. Activities against Gram-positive bacteria were not due to the effect of the substituent on the benzene ring, except in the instances 2-carboxy, 2-carbomethoxy, 2-amino groups and alkyl chains, however, activities against Gram-negative bacteria were due to phenylthio and the alkyl substituents. Some of 2-arylthio-N-alkylmaleimides were examined for their antifungal activities using eight strains of fungi, and they showed activity against these.
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    Clusters of genes for the biosynthesis of antibiotics: Regulatory genes and overproduction of pharmaceuticals (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 73-90 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: β-Lactam antibiotics ; Penicillin ; Cephalosporin ; Cephamycin ; Biosynthetic gene clusters ; Control of expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In the last decade numerous genes involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics, pigments, herbicides and other secondary metabolites have been cloned. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin, cephalosporin and cephamycins are organized in clusters as occurs also with the biosynthetic genes of other antibiotics and secondary metabolites (see review by Martín and Liras [65]). We have cloned genes involved in the biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics from five different β-lactam producing organisms both eucaryotic (Penicillium chrysogenum, Cephalosporium acremonium (syn.Acremonium chrysogenum) Aspergillus nidulans) and procaryotic (Nocardia lactamdurans, Streptomyces clavuligerus). InP. chrysogenum andA. nidulans the organization of thepcbAB,pcbC andpenDE genes for ACV synthetase, IPN synthase and IPN acyltransferase showed a similar arrangement. InA. chrysogenum two different clusters of genes have been cloned. The cluster of early genes encodes ACV synthetase and IPN synthase, whereas the cluster of late genes encodes deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase/hydroxylase and deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase. InN. lactamdurans andS. clavuligerus a cluster of early cephamycin genes has been fully characterized. It includes thelat (for lysine-6-aminotransferase),pcbAB (for ACV synthase) andpcbC (for IPN synthase) genes. Pathway-specific regulatory genes which act in a positive (or negative) form are associated with clusters of genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis. In addition, widely acting positive regulatory elements exert a pleiotropic control on secondary metabolism and differentiation of antibiotic producing microorganisms. The application of recombinant DNA techniques will contribute significantly to the improvement of fermentation organisms.
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    Preparation of (S)-2,3-dichloro-1-propanol byPseudomonas sp. and its use in the synthesis of (R)-epichlorohydrin (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 97-101 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Stereospecific degradation of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol ; Pseudomonas sp. ; Microbial resolution ; (S)-2,3-Dichloro-1-propanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Pseudomonas sp. OS-K-29 assimilated (R)-2,3-dichloro-1-propanol preferentially as the sole source of carbon. Isolation of optically pure (S)-2,3-dichloro-1-propanol with 100% enantiomer excess (e.e.) from the racemate was done based on this bacterial assimilation using immobilized-cells of OS-K-29 with calcium-alginate. The overall examination of the reactor involved 19 batches for 50 days without loss of its activity. Highly pure (R)-epichlorohydrin with 99.5% e.e. was prepared from the (S)-2,3-dichloro-1-propanol with treatment of aqueous NaOH. This new method is simple and useful for manufacturing optically active (S)-2,3-dichloro-1-propanol and (R)-epichlorohydrin.
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    Regulation of glucose and maltose transport in strains ofSaccharomyces (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 127-130 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Repression ; Derepression ; Transport ; Saccharomyces ; Glucose ; Maltose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Growth of yeast cells on glucose resulted in complete inactivation of maltose transport and repression of the high affinity glucose transport system. When the cells were grown on maltose or subjected to substrate starvation, an increase in glucose and maltose transport was observed in both brewing and non-brewing yeast strains. The concentration of glucose employed in the growth medium was also observed to affect sugar transport activity. The higher the glucose concentration, the more pronounced the repressive effect. In addition, the time of growth of yeast on glucose or maltose also intermining the rate of sugar transport. These results are consistent with the repressive effect of glucose on the high affinity glucose and maltose transport systems.
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    Formation of water-solubleMonascus red pigments by biological and semi-synthetic processes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 173-179 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Monascus ; Water-soluble pigments ; Semi-synthesis ; Amino acids ; Natural food color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary New water-soluble red pigments were produced byMonascus sp. in a chemically defined fermentation medium containing glutamate as nitrogen source. They were isolated and characterized as glutamate derivatives of the well-known orangeMonascus pigments (monascorubrin and rubropunctatin). The new pigments have several advantages over the known redMonascus pigments (rubropunctamine and monascorubramine) including very high water-solubility, higher absorption coefficient, and greater resistance to decoloration by light. Adding glutamate, glycine or leucine to a resting-cell system led to the formation of specific water-soluble red pigments corresponding to the exogenous amino acid. The water-soluble red pigments produced by resting-cells have retention times identical to those of the corresponding red derivatives made chemically from the orange pigments in methanol-phosphate buffer at pH 7. The hydrophobicities of the amino acid sources correspond to the HPLC retention times of the red pigments derived from them.
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    Microbial biomass and community structure of a phase-separated methanogenic reactor determined by lipid analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 193-199 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Acetogenesis ; Biomarkers ; Cluster analysis ; Fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An anaerobic phase-separation biomass reactor was established on cellulose with the hydrolysis and fermentation steps occurring in the first stage, and acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the second stage. Based upon lipid biomarker analysis, eubacterial and eukaryotic cells accounted for approximately 6% of the volatile solids of the first stage and 17% of the second, while methanogens were approximately 1% of the volatile solids in the first stage and 9% of the second. Clustering the polar lipid fatty acids into groups based upon their distributions between the two stages of the reactor clarified the differences in community structure caused by phase-separated operation. Although inoculated from the same source, the two stages maintained very different microbial communities. Signature fatty acids known as indicators of unbalanced growth in eubacteria were significantly higher in the first stage of the reactor.
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    Detoxification of sesquiterpene phytoalexins byGibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) and its importance for virulence on potato tubers (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 201-211 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Dry-rot ; Rishitin ; Lubimin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) is a major cause of dry-rot of stored potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide. The ability of field strains ofG. pulicaris to cause dry-rot is correlated with their ability to detoxify sesquiterpene phytoalexins produced by potato. All highly virulent field strains can detoxify the sesquiterpenes rishitin and lubimin. Meiotic recombinational analysis indicates that rishitin detoxification can be controlled at two or more loci. High virulence has been associated with one of these loci, designatedRiml. Detoxification of rishitin and lubimin comprises a complex pattern of reactions involving epoxidation, dehydrogenation, and cyclization. To date, seven lubimin metabolites and one rishitin metabolite have been characterized. Genes for rishitin and lubimin detoxification are being cloned fromG. pulicaris in order to more rigorously analyze the role and regulation of sesquiterpene metabolism in potato dry-rot. Our results indirectly support a role for sesquiterpene phytoalexins in resistance of potato tubers to dry-rot and may enhance research on alternative control strategies for this economically important potato disease.
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    Use of lignin-degrading fungi in the disposal of pentachlorophenol-treated wood (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 181-191 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Pentachlorophenol ; Lignin-degrading fungi ; White-rot fungi ; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Phanerochaete sordida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The lignin-degrading fungiPhanerochaete chrysosporium, P. sordida, Trametes hirsuta, andCeriporiopsis subvermispora were evaluated for their ability to decrease the concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and to cause dry weight loss in PCP-treated wood. Hardwood and softwood materials from PCP-treated ammunition boxes that were chipped to pass a 3.8-cm screen were used. All four fungi caused significant weight losses and decreases in the PCP concentration. The largest PCP decrease (84% in 4 weeks) was caused byT. hirsuta, and the smallest decrease was caused byC. subvermispora (37% in 4 weeks). After 4 weeks, the fate of spiked14C[PCP] in softwood chips inoculated withT. hirsuta was as follows: 27% was mineralized, 42.5% was non-extractable and bound to the chips, 23.5% was associated with fungal hyphae, and 6% was organic-extractable. Decreases of PCP byP. chrysosporium andP. sordida averaged 59% and 57%, respectively. PCP decreases caused byPhanerochaete spp. were not significantly affected by wood type or sterilization and were primarily due to methylation of PCP that resulted in accumulation of pentachloroanisole. Softwood weight losses caused byT. hirsuta, P. chrysosporium andC. subvermispora were respectively, 24, 6.5, and 17%, after 4 weeks. These weight losses are comparable to reported weight losses by these organisms in non-treated softwood. Nutrient supplementation significantly increased weight loss but not percentage decrease of PCP. The results of this research demonstrate the potential for using lignin-degrading fungi to destroy PCP-treated wood.
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    Copper removal from an industrial waste by bioleaching (1992)
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 213-218 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Industrial waste ; Copper removal ; Bioleaching ; Fe medium ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Copper contained in a solid industrial waste produced in a silicone manufacturing process was leached with spent iron medium from aThiobacillus ferrooxidans culture. Most effective leaching was observed in a continuously fed, dual reactor system. Spent iron medium was generated by growingT. ferrooxidans in 0.9 K iron medium at pH 1.5 in the first reactor, and was transferred to a second reactor in which it leached the copper from the waste. Leaching was effective at a pulp density of the waste material as high as 20%. In experiments run at a pulp density of 2.5%, the spent iron medium was most efficient in leaching copper when it was first diluted 100-fold with a mineral salts solution at pH 1.5. Removal of the copper from the waste appeared to involve its displacement by acid, dissolved mineral salts, and ferric iron. Potentials for practical application of this process are discussed.
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    A simple method to study microbial coal solubilization using Pluronic F-127-amended media (1992)
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 225-227 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Pluronic F-127 ; Coal solubilization ; Polyol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Microbial coal solubilization and the extraction of solubilized coal products were carried out in media amended with polyol (Pluronic F-127), an agent which gels above 18°C but reverts to a liquid state at low temperature (4°C). The solubilized coal products, the unsolubilized coal particles and the mycelial mat were separated effectively by centrifugation at 4°C. The amount of coal solubilization was 30–50% higher in polyol-amended media than in agar media regardless of the microorganism. On the other hand, the amount of coal solubilization in polyol-amended control media was less compared to agar-amended control media.
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    A catastrophe theoretic model of heat regulation in homeothermic animals (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 81-102 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature regulation in homothermic animals is an example of a negative feedback system. It shows sudden changes of parameter values, and therefore suggests the use of catastrophe theory for its description. This paper reports on work done on the human temperature regulation mechanism to shows that the five-dimensional dual butterfly catastrophe model is sufficient for its description. Nearly all experiments reported in the literature overlook the dynamic multiparametric nature of the process. Use of catastrophe theory, on the other hand, shows that one cannot find a model with fewer than five parameters for such a system. From work by Benzinger and Kitzinger, the exact shape of part of the corresponding bifurcation set is determined.
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    Pulse wave velocities in the aorta (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 103-114 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is an analytical study on the pulse wave velocities in the aorta. In conformity to a physiologic state of loading, the distensibility of the vessel wall has been accounted for. The wall material is treated by using the theory of large elastic deformations. The orthotropicity of wall tissues and the effect of the surrounding tissues have been incorporated in the analysis which is based on the use of the strain energy function suggested by Vaishnavet al. Numerical values of the wave velocities of the canine middle descending thoracic aorta are computed by using the derived analytical expressions.
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    Single-salt behavior of a symmetrical 4-site channel with barriers at its middle and ends (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 41-80 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The theory of a symmetrical 3-barrier, 4-site, single-filing ionic channel is developed. The model goes beyond earlier models by including additional sites, as well as barriers which need not be symmetrical in the applied field, and contains the earlier models as special cases. It is itself a special case of the most general 4-site model, which has 5 barriers. By considering the barriers at the mouth and middle of the channel to be sufficiently larger than the barriers separating the sites in each channel half, these barriers can be neglected; thus this case reduces to a 3-barrier model where the sites in each channel half can then be assumed to be in equilibrium with each other. The alternative 3-barrier, 4-site case, where the barrier between the sites is considered to be larger than that at the mouth of the channel, is considered elsewhere. Pure cation permeation is considered and only single-salt properties of the system are analyzed, namely occupancy, conductance, flux ratio exponent and current-voltage relation. The concentration dependences of these properties are computed and interrelated and, where possible, also given in analytical form. The mathematical relations are obtained for a channel which is symmetrical around its middle, which is the appropriate assumption for the gramicidin channel. However, the barriers themselves are allowed to be asymmetric with respect to the potential dependence, which has been found to be essential for gramicidin. Mathematically, a straight-forward matrix formulation is used; but a general theoretical method is presented for reducing a complex model (with more than 2 sites) to a simpler cases when equilibrium exists across one or several barriers, as is often the cases. This method is a prototype which makes analytical solutions of complex barrier models possible in many cases.
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    Four-urn catenary model for excretion (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 219-227 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract A chain-like arrangement of four urns (a catenary system) into which different color balls (white, corresponding to radio atoms, and black, corresponding to stable atoms) are being transferred is used to simulate the transport of atoms down the GI tract of man and animals. Into the first urn (stomach) are placedw o white balls andr black balls while in the 2nd (small intestines) and 3rd (large intestines) urn, onlyr blacks are put in, with no whites. A sample of sizer is transferred from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd urns to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th (infinite universe) urns. From the random variable difference equations the first and second moments for the distribution of the number of radio atoms present in each urn are obtained. The variance of the contents of radioatoms in the excretion urn is
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    A general solution for the steady-state kinetics of immobilized enzyme systems (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 229-234 
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A power series solution is presented which describes the steady-state concentration profiles for substrate and product molecules in immobilized enzyme systems. Diffusional effects and product inhibition are incorporated into this model. The kinetic consequences of diffusion limitation and product inhibition for immobilized enzymes are discussed and are compared to kinetic behavior characteristic of other types of effects, such as substrate inhibition and substrate activation.
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    Model of diffusion of oxygen to spheroids grown in stationary medium —I. Complete spherical symmetry (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 205-217 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The use of spheroids as a tumor model has become commonplace since it was discovered that many cell lines can form spheroids when grown on a surface to which the cells cannot attach. This culture system complicates experiments which depend on oxygen supply because the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of a stationary spheroid has not been well defined. We present in this paper solutions to the oxygen diffusion equation for simple geometries: a spheroid in an infinite stationary medium and in a finite spherical stationary medium. Comparison of these solutions provides an estimate of the oxygen supply to a spheroid in a Petri dish. We show that typical spheroids can be expected to cause a substantial depletion of the oxygen in the nearby medium. Any disturbance of the medium or the spheroids will temporarily increase the oxygen supply. We provide a method for estimating the rate of return to equilibrium in the finite cases. These results indicate that the oxygen supply to stationary spheroids can be altered temporarily by small movements or changes in temperature which cause convection currents, or permanently by changes in the depth of the medium.
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    Stability of spatially heterogeneous steady-state distributions of oxygen-chemotactic aerobic/anaerobic bacteria (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 235-246 
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    Notes: Abstract Alternative sufficient conditions are derived that guarantee the stability of spatially heterogenous steady-state distributions of motile aerobic bacterial populations attracted chemotactically by oxygen, motile anaerobic populations repelled by oxygen, and the oxygen concentration itself through a stationary aqueous medium. In particular, it follows from the latter criteria that the heterogeneous steady-state distributions for cylindrical regions with arbitrary cross-sections, uniform depth and mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions on the oxygen concentration (appropriate to certain still-water bodies in nature) are stable with respect to arbitrary perturbations in the bacteria cell and the oxygen distributions.
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    Monod's bacterial growth model revisited (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 117-122 
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    Notes: Abstract An attempt to justify Monod's bacterial growth model is presented. The justification is based on a mechanistic approach to growth which leads to a differential equation with delay and then to Monod's model. An unexpected increase of parameterK s with μm is predicted by the theory. A survey of literature shows that this effect is present in a large majority of published data.
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    Optimal sex ratio as a function of EGG incubation temperature in the crocodilians (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 123-148 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract Recently, there has been a growing consensus as to the adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination in the Crocodilia. The observationally and experimentally motivated hypotheses are that male fitness depends more strongly on quality of incubation environment than female fitness, and that there is a strong correlation between a female's egg incubation temperature choice and her own egg incubation temperature. A population genetics model based on these hypotheses is derived. A method for finding the optimal sex ratio as a function of temperature, which is an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS), is stated and applied under various assumptions. This extends ESS theory to thefunctional case. Cases where there is no ESS and the population sex ratio oscillates in evolutionary time are discovered. Numerical computation is needed to solve the full problem and the resulting optimal sex ratio is compared to laboratory sex ratio data. The general pattern of TSD in crocodilians (female-male-female with female biased overall sex ratio) agrees well with the theory, but details of the pattern are problematic.
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    License values in restricted access fisheries (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 209-218 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    Spatial pattern in catch rates: A test of economic theory (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 263-273 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract Gordon (1953,J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.10, 442–457) used economic theory to predict how catch rates, price and fishing costs should balance in a multi-area, open-access fishery. We use the data from the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery to test this theory. We find that, as prediced by theory, areas with higher monetary and non-monetary costs have consistently higher catch rates than areas with lower costs. We show that this theory also predicts that an increase in price would result in an overall increase in catch rate, and suggest that in fisheries with spatial variation in costs, catch rates may be determined as much by economic factors as biological ones.
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    Review of proposed mechanisms for sockeye salmon population cycles in the fraser river (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 241-261 
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    Notes: Abstract Prominent and persistent cyclic fluctuations in the abundance of consecutive year-classes occur in some sockeye salmon populations throughout the species' range. We review and test a number of explanations for the existence of these cycles using qualitative biological arguments, including a consideration of the synchrony of cycles among populations. Most of the hypotheses involve mechanisms that would reinforce synchronous population fluctuations within watersheds. However, the 4-year cycles characteristic of many Fraser River sockeye populations are sometimes out of phase with each other, both among populations which migrate together as mixed stocks while vulnerable to commerical fisheries, and among populations whose juveniles share the same nursery lake habitat (Shuswap Lake). Such asynchrony suggests that the mechanism(s) causing population cycles can operate independently within reproductively isolated populations. Of the mechanisms reviewed here, only those involving genetic effects on age at maturation, or on resistance to disease or parasites, or those involving depensatory predation soon after fry emergence, appear to offer satisfactory explanations.
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    Territorial bequeathal by red squirrel mothers: A dynamic model (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 335-354 
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    Notes: Abstract Female red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) sometimes bequeath their territory to their offspring. Late-breeding females are more likely to leave than are early-breeding females. Early-breeding females tend to lose weight during reproduction while late-breeding females do not. Early-born juveniles are more successful at winning territories than are those born late. I use dynamic programming to investigate the trade-offs involved in territorial bequeathal from the female's perspective as a function of breeding date, litter size and female body condition. The model predicts that two classes of females are more likely to bequeath: those in good condition early in the season, and those in poor condition at the season's end. Only versions of the model incorporating a function improving the female's ability to win a territory over the season mimicked the pattern of bequeathal observed in the field. A seasonal effect is likely an important factor in driving the pattern of strategies observed.
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    Sex ratio genetics and the competitiveness of parasitic wasps (1992)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 295-311 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract In the first part of the paper we analyse dynamics of the genetic mechanisms responsible for maintaining biased sex ratios in host-parasitoid interactions. We begin by reviewing recent results relating to the maintenance of sibmating in haplo-diploid populations. We then investigate the evolutionary stable sex ratio in populations in which all or some of the females mate with their brothers. In particular, we derive a diallelic one-locus model for studying evolutionary stable sex ratios in partially sibmating haplo-diploid populations. In the second part of the paper we review the impact of sex ratio on host-parasitoid populations. We then analyse how the sex ratio strategy of one parasitoid species may affect its interaction with another parasitoid species competing for the same host. In particular we show that, although a female biased sex ratio may enhance the inherent competitiveness of one species, it may also destabilize the ecological interaction of the three species so that all become extinct.
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    Dynamical machinery of a biochemical clock (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 339-355 
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    Notes: Abstract Closed positive feedback loops of catalytic reactions between macromolecules, or hypercycles, provide a kinetic mechanism whereby each Species serves to catalyze selfreproduction of its successor in the loop. Hypercycles of five members or more evolve into limit cycles characteristic of a biochemical clock. Computer study of the coupled non-linear differential equations which describe these systems shows that the periodT n of then-species limit cycle is given byT n=nτn, where τn is an elemental repeat period reflecting translational time invariance. Analytic solutions of the equations are developed so that the time evolution of elementaryn-hypercycles can be traced in dynamical detail. It is shown that the magnitude of τn is, to good approximation, a linear function ofn. For a givenn, τn is a very sensitive function of the relative concentration a given member of the loop has at the time its predecessor dominates the state of the hypercycle. These concentrations decrease with increasingn. Aroundn=15 they become so small that elementary hypercycles become unstable against disruptive concentration fluctuations. Species concentrations for more realistic hypercycles tend not to be as small, so that the present estimate of a maximum number of components is a lower bound.
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    Stability analysis of a stochastic model for biomolecular selection (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 399-406 
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    Notes: Abstract The technique of the probability generating function is used to derive the stochastic differential equations for a nonlinear model based on Eigen and Schuster's theory of biomolecular selection and evolution. The stabilities of various steady states are analyzed by using the linear stability approximation. The instability of a small starting population is investigated numerically. The minimum starting populations required for steady-state survival are then estimated for a wide range of parameters.
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    Computer simulation of the geometry of the human bronchial tree (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 389-398 
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    Notes: Abstract Some morphological features of the human bronchial tree were simulated by computergenerated trees. The trees were ordered by the methods of Horsfield and Strahler. Delta, the difference between the Horsfield orders of the two branches at a bifurcation, was determined by pseudorandom numbers generated according to a distribution of probabilities defined on input. By trial and error a distribution was found which resulted in trees being generated with average Strahler order branching ratios of 2.82, similar to a real bronchial tree. Branching angles and length ratio could also be defined on input. By varying these input parameters it was found that the form of the tree was quite sensitive to them, and that by a suitable choice the intrasegmental part of the bronchial tree could be simulated. It is concluded that branching ratio, length ratio, mean branching angles and distribution of delta are controlled within tight limits in the bronchial tree, and this may support the concept of optimal design.
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    The mathematical modeling of entrained biological oscillators (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 407-422 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper perturbation methods are used for the mathematical analysis of coupled relaxation oscillators. This study covers entrainment by an external periodic stimulus as well as mutual entrainment of coupled oscillators with different limit cycles. The oscillators are of a type one meets in the modeling of biological oscillators by chemical reactions and electronic circuits. Special attention is given to entrainment different from 1∶1. The results relate to phenomena occurring in physiological experiments, such as the periodic stimulation of neural and cardiac cells, and in the non-regular functioning of organs and organisms, such as the AV-block in the heart.
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    A stochastic model of the effects of ionizing radiation on mammalian cellsin vitro (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 423-446 
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    Notes: Abstract A new, more realistic model of the action of ionizing radiation on mammalian cells growingin vitro is presented. Although this model requires a large number of parameters, these are linked to biologically observable quantities rather than being abstract sensitivities, as had previously been the case. Three different stochastic processes are required: {X(t);t ∈ [0, τ]}, representing damage alterations during irradiation; {(X(t), S(t));t ∈ [τ, τ+T D]}, representing changes in both damageX(t) and cell cycle positionS(t) during the post-irradiation cell cycle; and {N x(t);t ∈ [0,T G]}, representing the subsequent colony growth process conditioned on the value ofX(τ+T D). The assumptions used to define these processes extend a previous model of short term DNA damage formation and repair (Nelson S. J. 1982,Radiat. Res. 92, 120–145) to include the influence of cell cycle progression on damage in the irradiated cell and the effect of permanent inherited damage on the daughter cells' colony growth pattern. Expressions corresponding to commonly measured radiation effects are derived from the model and compared with predictions from previous models. It is found that these previous models oversimplified the mechanism of radiation action because they did not adequately represent repair during irradiation, the influence of radiation-induced cycle delays and damage inheritance by any daughter cells. Suggestions are then made for ways in which the new model can be used to test the importance of these effects.
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    Foreword (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 461-465 
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    Margaret Oakley Dayhoff 1925–1983 (1984)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 467-472 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459497
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  • 197
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    A stochastic model of bacterial spore germination (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 447-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic approach is utilized to develop a model equation capable of describing the time course of germination in a sample of bacterial spores. The time required by a spore to complete the change characteristic of germination consists of an initial interval of no change followed immediately by the duration of the change itself. The experimental basis of the proposed model is the observation that each of these time intervals is distributed over a range of values in a spore sample. Mixed continuous and discrete probabilities are employed in arriving at an average single-spore germination curve which, to a different scale, describes the sample in time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462018
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  • 198
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    General methods of sequence comparison (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 473-500 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical methods for comparison of nucleic acid sequences are reviewed. There are two major methods of sequence comparison: dynamic programming and a method referred to here as the regions method. The problem types discussed are comparison of two sequences, location of long matching segments, efficient database searches and comparison of several sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459498
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of time-constants in cables of finite length (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 673-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Current flow in cylindrical nerve and muscle fibre has been analysed in terms of a mathematical model leading to a linear partial differential equation for the voltage as a function of both position and time. In the case of a one-dimensional cable subject to a step input of current, the solution will consist of a steady-state behaviour preceded by an initial transient. The electrical properties of the fibre or cable itself determine a length-constant, λ, which can be determined experimentally from the steady-state response, and a time-constant, τ, which must be found from the initial transient. When the cable is infinite and when there is a single input electrode, an exact solution can be produced which enables ready determination of the time-constant τ. Two complications arise in experimental practice, however. In the first place, the fibre has finite length, and in the second, two spatially separated stimulation electrodes are often required. We thus analyse a more complicated and more general situation. The linearity of the membrane properties, however, allows the solution to the more general case to be built up by superposition of solutions from the simpler case (equivalent to the classical method of images). We also approximate the Hodgkin and Rushton solution by asymptotic formulae in order to allow more tractable expressions for the exact solution. We are thus able to give a method for the ready evaluation of the time constant τ under more general conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459639
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  • 200
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    Ising model forB-Z transition in supercoiled DNA (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 727-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The possible existence of nucleic acids in right-handed and left-handed helical forms is considered. A statistical mechanical model is developed to obtain an expression for a change in twist during helical transformation in terms of corresponding free energies and linking for a supercoiled DNA. The theoretically predicted values are compared with those determined experimentally. The physico-chemical significance of the parameters is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459927
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