ALBERT

Description: S"SUB g"-amplitudes and periods of 252 European seismic events recorded at GDR and Czechoslovak seismological stations have been measured and their dependence on distance (up to 650km) and azimuth has been analyzed. These will allow reliable local and regional magnitude determination.-after Authors

Description: Am Beispiel des Magnetits und Hämatits wird der Einfluß eines homogenen Magnetfeldes auf Wachstum und Orientierung untersucht. Die Kristalle wurden mit Hilfe chemischer Transportreaktionen bei 500 °с und Feldstärken von О - 4000 Ое gezüchtet. Magnetfelder dieser Stärke üben auf Wachstum und Orientierung beider Mineralien keinen Einfluß aus. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf das magnetische Verhalten kleiner Teilchen diskutiert. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Kristallite bereits fest auf eine Unterlage (Quarzglastrager bzw. Ampullenwand) aufgewachsen sind, wenn sie noch superparamagnetisches Verhalten zeigen.

Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Züchtungsmethode 2.1. Kristallzüchtung im geschlossenen System 3. Thermodynamische Abschätzung der Versuchsbedingungen 4. Apparative Voraussetzungen 4.1. Transportofen 4.2. Temperaturmessung und -kontrol1e 4.3. Elektromagnet 5. Durchführung der Experimente 5.1. Apparative Voraussetzungen für die Untersuchung der Ausgangs- und Endsubstanzen 5.1.1. Goniometrische Vermessungen 5.1.2. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen 5.1.3. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen 6. Verwendete Substanzen 6.1. Magnetit 6.1.1. Vorbehandlung des Magnetits 6.2. Hämatit 6.2.1. Vorbehandlung des Hämatits 6.3. Magnetische Untersuchung beider Ausgangssubstanzen 7. Ergebnisse bei der Einkristallzüchtung von Magnetit und Hämatit im Magnetfeld 7.1. Wachstumsformen 7.2. Orientierung 8. Kristallographische und magnetische Eigenschaften von Magnetit und Hämatit 8.1. Kristallographische Struktur des Magnetits 8.2 . Kristallographische Struktur des Hämatits 8.3 . Magnetokristalline Anisotropie 8.3.1. Temperaturabhängigkeit der Kristallanisotropie 8.4. Übersicht über die wichtigsten strukturellen und magnetischen Eigenschaften von Magnetit und Hämatit 9. Magnetische Struktur und Eigenschaften kleiner Teilchen 9.1. Magnetisierungsvorgang 9.2. Anisotropie 9.3. Superparamagnetismus 9.3.1. Magnetisierungsvorgang in Superparamagnetika 10. Deutung der Ergebnisse 10.1. Abschätzung kritischer Teilchengrößen 10.1.1. Allgemeines zur kritischen Teilchengröße Berechnung kritischer Teilchengrößen von Magnetit Kritische Teilchengröße von Hämatit Berechnung der kritischen Teilchengröße von Hämatit Abschätzung und Vergleich der magnetischen und thermischen Energie Bildanhang Literaturverzeichnis

Description: Additional keywords: Maxwell body, standard linear solid, absorption band model, seismicity, earthquake migration, plate tectonics, seismic hazard, rupture planes, source parameters, Rheologie, Schichten, Dislokationen, Neigungen, numerische Modelle, Kolumbien, Tuerkei, Nordanatolische Verwerfung, Maxwell-Koerper, Zener, tektonische Spannungen, Seismizitaet, Platten-Tektonik, Erdbeben-Gefaehrdung, Erdbeben-Serie

Description: Aus Messungen mit zwei verschiedenen Reversionspendelgeraten wird für den Doppelpfeiler SO im Pendelsaal des ehemaligen Geodätischen Institute Potsdam (seit 1969 Teil des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde) der Schwerewert g = (981,260 1 ± 0,000 3) cm·s-2 abgeleitet. Dieser Wert entspricht einer Abweichung von -13,9 mGal gegenüber dem aus den Messungen von KÜHNEN und FURТWÄNGLER (1898 - 1904) abgeleiteten Bezugswert des Potsdamer Schweresystems. Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält neben grundsätzlichen Darstellungen zur Theorie des Reversionspendelverfahrens nähere Angaben zu den benutzten Geraten, den Meßergebnissen und der Ableitung des Schwerewertes. Sie wird ergänzt durch einen umfangreichen Überblick über die seit KÜHNЕN und FURТWÄNGLER (1898-1904) absoluten Schweremessungen und einen Vergleich dieser Arbeiten mit dem hier vorgelegten Ergebnis der neuen Potsdamer Reversionspendelmessungen.

Description: Es wurden die Ergebnisse der Zeitbestimmungen auf Homogenität der Gruppenvarianzen, Normalverteilung der Beobachtungen, Unterschiede für die Ausgleichungsverianten und systematische Abweichung der Ortssternzeiten der Haupt- und Parallelbeobachtungen untersucht. Nachdem die Einzelergebnisse der Längenbestimmung als zweiseitige L!ingenunterschiede und einseitige Längen gegen Greenwich berechnet waren, wurden verschiedene Verfahren (allgemeine arithmetische Mittelbildung, Verfahren der Regressionsanalyse nach SCHÄDLICH, "direktes" Verfahren nach RADECKI) angewandt, um Endergebnisse der Längenbestimmung zu erhalten. Diese wurden durch Vergleich eingeschätzt. Dann ergaben eich die definitiven Ergebnisse für die Längenunterschiede und Längen auf Grund der obenerwähnten Untersuchungen. Aus ihrem Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen früherer Längenbestimmungen (1903, 1929, 1960) folgte, daß keine systematischen Fehleranteile in den definitiven Längenunterschieden zu erkennen sind. Somit können die erhaltenen mittleren Fehler von ≤ 3,5 ms als wahre äußere Genauigkeiten betrachtet werden. Als Schlußfolgerung ergibt sich, daß auch die Beobachtungsergebnisse an Passageinstrument.en zum Studium rezenter horizontaler Erdkrustenbewegungen beitragen können.

Description: The results of time determinations obtained at Borowiec, Dresden and Potsdam statione in 1966 were tested with reapect to homogeneity of group variances, normal distribution of observationa, differences for adjuatment variante, and ayatematic deviations between the local sidereal timea of principal and parallel observatiQns. After having calculated the individual results of longitude determination in terms of two-sided longitude differences and of one-sided longitudea referred to Greenwich, several methode (general arithmetic mean calculation, method of regreasion analysis by SCHÄDLICH, "direct" method by RADECKI) were employed to obtain final results of longitude determination. The latter were eatimated by comparison. The definitive results for the longitude differenees and the longitudes of the stations were obtained on the base o:f the above-mentioned examinations. These results were compared with previous measurements (1903, 1929, 1960). There do not seem to be any systematic deviations between the definitive longitude differences of the various measurements. Therefore, the obtained mean equare errors of ≤ 3,5 ms can be regarded as real external accuracies. The conciusion is drawn that observations performed by means of tranait instruments also can contribute to the investigation of recent horizontal crustal movements.

Description: Die Konstruktion sowie Eichung und Prüfung der kurzperiodischen elektrodynamischen Vertikal- und Horizontalseismographen VSJ-II und HSJ-II wird ausfuhrlich beschrieben. Sie basiert auf bereits friiher dargelegten eingehenden theoretischen Untersuchungen. Die Eigenperiode der Instrumente kann im Intervall von 0,5 bis 2 s eingestellt werden. Sie besitzen eine reduzierte Pendellänge von 8 cm und ein Tragheitsmoment von 2·10^5 g cm2. Methoden zur optimalen Ankopplung geeigneter Galvanometer zur Erreichung hoher Vergrößerungen mit Hilfe der aquivalenten Parameter und die Ausschaltung der Rückwirkung des Galvanometers durch frequenzabhangige Kopplung werden zusammenfassend dargestellt.

Description: The design, calibration and testing of the short-period electromagnetic vertical and horizontal seismographs VSJ-II and HSJ-II are described in detail. They are based on extensive theoretical studies already previously reported. The period of the instruments is adjustable at an interval from 0.5 to 2 seconds. The instruments have а reduced pendulum length of 8 cm and а moment of inertia of 2*10^5 g cm2. Methods for optimum coupling of suitable galvanometers to obtain high magnification bу means of the equivalent parameters are summarised as well as elimination of galvanometer reaction bу frequency-dependent coupling.

Description: On February 13, 1981, a relatively strong earthquake occurred in the Lake Vanern region in south-central Sweden. The shock had a magnitude of M"SUB L" = 3.3 and was followed within three weeks by three aftershocks, with magnitudes 0.5 = or 〈 M"SUB L" = or 〈 1.0. The focal mechanism solution of the main shock indicates reverse faulting with a strike in the N-S or NE-SW direction and a nearly horizontal compressional stress. The aftershocks were too small to yield data for a full mechanism solution, but first motions of P-waves, recorded at two stations, are consistent for the aftershocks. Dynamic source parameters, derived from Pg- and Sg- wave spectra, show similar stress drops for the main shock (2 bar) and the aftershocks (1 bar), while the differences in seismic moment (1.5X10"SUP 20" resp. 4X10"SUP 18" dyne cm), fault length (0.7 resp. 0.2 km) and relative displacement (0.15 resp. 0.03 cm) are significant.-Authors

Description: The results of the collection and revision of the seismicity data are presented for the territory of the GDR depicted in epicentral maps. A new map of maximum observed intensities was compiled on the basis of the reinterpretation of the strongest seismic event since 1500, the earthquake of March 6, 1982. -Authors

Description: Es wird die Eignung von Dreikomponentenregistrierungen kurz-, mittel- und langperiodischer Seismographen für eine Ortung teleseismischer Ereignisse untersucht. Aus dem umfangreichen statistischen Material lassen sich Korrekturen und Prognoseintervalle für Laufzeit-, Herdentfernungs-und -azimutbestimmungen aus Registrierungen der Station Moxa ableiten. Berücksichtigt man diese Ergebnisse, dann beträgt der mittlere quadratische Ortungsfehler für seismische Ereignisse mit Magnituden 5 〈 MB 〈 8 im Entfernungsbereich 10° 〈 D 〈 170° nur ca. 270 km. Aus den z. T. erheblichen signifikanten Abweichungen der beobachteten Laufzeiten, Herdentfernungen und –azimute gegen die theoretisch erwarteten Werte ergeben sich Schlußfolgerungen z. B. auf abweichende Wellengeschwindigkeiten im Reflexionsgebiet von PP bzw. auf mögliche Strukturanomalien im Krustenbereich der Station Moxa.

Description: Zusammenstellung der im Text nicht erläuterten Symbole und Abkürzungen 1. Einleitung 2. Grundlagen 2.1. Seismographen und Registrierungen 2.1.1. Standardseismographen vom Typ A, B und C 2.1.2. Frequenz- und Phasencharakteristik elektrodynamischer Seismographen mit galvanometrischer Registrierung 2.1.2.1. Berechnung der Frequenz- und Phasencharakteristik für den Fall stationärer harmonischer Schwingungen 2.1.2.2. Berücksichtigung des Einschwingvorgangs im Hinblick auf Einsatzzeit-, Perioden- ·und Azimutbestimmung 2.2. Laufzeitkurven und die Interpretation von Seismogrammen 2.3. Gewinnung und Genauigkeit der Bezugsdaten 2.3.1. Herdortungen der Rechenzentren und die Bestimmung von Laufzeitresiduenfür die Station Moxa 2.3.2. Graphische Hilfsmittel zur Bestimmung von Epizentralentfernungund Azimut des ebensbezüglich der Station Moxa 2.4. Bisher bekannt gewordene Ergebnisse zur 1-stations-Methode 2.5. Auswahl geeigneter statistischer Methoden 2.5.1. Allgemeines 2.5.2. Häufigkeitsverteilungen 2.5.2.1. Normalverteilung nach GAUSS 2.5.2.2. t-Verteilung nach STUDENT 2.5.2.3. Binomialverteilung 2.5.3. Statistische Tests, Mutungs- und Prognoseintervalle 2.5.3.1. Verteilungsabhängige Verfahren 2.5.3.1.1. Test und Mutungsintervall für den Mittelwert 2.5.3.1.2. Vergleich der Varianzen zweier unabhängiger Stichproben 2.5.3.1.3. Vergleich der Häufigkeiten zweier unabhängiger Stichproben 2.5.3.2. Verteilungsunabhängige Verfahren 2.5.3.2.1. Test und Mutungsintervall für .den Median 2.5.3.2.2. Vergleich der Varianzen zweier unabhängiger Stichproben 2.5.3.2.3. Vergleich zweier unabhängiger Stichproben 2.5.3.3. Einige Bemerkungen zur Aussagekraft statistischer Tests 3. Ortung seismischer Ereignisse nach der 1-Stations-Methode 3.1. Bestimmung der Herdentfernung und Herdtiefe aus den Zeitdifferenzen seismischer Raumwelleneinsätze 3.1.1. Voruntersuchungen zur Entfernungs- und Herdtiefenbestimmung 3.1.2. D-Bestimmung im Entfernungsintervall 14° 〈 D 〈 110° (P-Wellen-Bereich) 3.1.2.1. δDPP-P im Entfernungsinterva11 25° 〈 D ≤ 110° 3.1.2.2. Laufzeitresiduen für PP-Reflexionen unter Kontinenten und Ozeanen (20° 〈 D 〈 170°) 3.1.2.3. δDPP-p im Entfernungsintervall 14° 〈 D 〈 109° 3.1.2.4. δtSS-P sowie Phasenhäufigkeiten für PP und SS im Entfernungsintervall 10° 〈 D 〈 170° 3.1.2.5. δDS-P im Entfernungsintervall 14° 〈 D 〈 105° 3.1.3. D-Bestimmung im Entfernungsintervall 100° 〈 D 〈 165° nach der "fitting the chart"-Methode 3.2. Bestimmung des Azimuts des Bebenherdes aus seismischen Registrierungen longitudinaler Scheinwellen vom Raumwellentyp 3.2.1. Voruntersuchungen zur Azimutbestimmung 3.2.1.1. Phasenverschiebungen zwischen den Registrieramplituden der Horizontalkomponenten und ihr Einfluß auf die Genauigkeit der Azimutbestimmung 3.2.1.2. Eignung von Doppelamplituden und multiplen P-Einsätzen zur Azimutbestimmung 3.2.1.3. Einfluß der Ablesegenauigkeit und des SNR auf die Größe der Azimutfehler 3.2.1.4. Abschätzung der Größe der möglichen Fehler von Azimutbestimmungen in Abhängigkeit von der Magnitude des seismischen Ereignisses 3.2.1.5. Durch Fehler im Vergrößerungsfaktor V0 bedingte systematische Azimutabweichungen 3.2.2. Azimutfehler δAz in Abhängigkeit vom Herdgebiet, Herdazimut und Seismographentyp 3.2.2.1. Azimutbestimmungen aus P-Wellen 3.2.2.2. Azimutbestimmungen aus LSW nach P 3.2.3. Zu möglichen Ursachen der systematischen Fehler von Azimutbestimmungen aus P-Wellen-Registrierungen vom Typ A 3.3. Praktische Ergebnisse und Möglichkeiten der Ortung seismischer Ereignisse aus Dreikomponentenregistrierungen 3.3.1. Auswertung der bisherigen Ergebnisse 3.3.2. Möglichkeiten zur Automatisierung von Ortungen nach der 1-Stations-Methode 4. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse Literatur

Description: In den Jahren 1967 und 1968 wurden in Riga und Sofia Simultanbeobachtungen des Satelliten "Echo 2" durchgeführt. Daraus wurde das Azimut des Verbindungsvektors zwischen diesen beiden Stationen nach einem schon früher veröffentlichten Verfahren der Stellartriangulation berechnet. Aus insgesamt 13 Simultanpaaren wurde ein mittlerer Azimutfehler von ± O28 erhalten. Bei einer Entfernung von 1600 km entspricht das einem relativen Fehler von 1 : 740 000.

Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Theoretische Grundlagen 3. Die Beobachtungsinstrumente 4. Das Beobachtungsmaterial 4.1 Vorausberechnung von Ephemeriden für "Echo 2" 4.2 Statistik des Beobachtungsmaterials 4.3 Geographische Verteilung der Subsatellitenpunkte 4.4 Beschreibung des Beobachtungsmaterials 5. Die Ausmessung der Platten am Komparator ASCORECORD 5.1 Normale Ausmessung 5.2 Verfeinerte Ausmessung 5.3 Vergleich der beiden Meßmethoden 6. Die Reduktion der Satellitenaufnahmen 6.1 Die Berechnung von α , δ für die Spurpunkte 6.2 Die Reduktion der Zeitmessungen 7. Das elektronische Rechenprogramm 8. Die Ausgleichung der Beobachtungen 8.1. Die Ausgleichung der nach der verfeinerten Ausmessung ausgewerteten Bildpaare 8.1.1. Übersicht über die Fehlergleichungen 8.1.2. Die verwendeten Gewichte 8.1.3. Die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Ausgleichungen 8.1.4. Das Azimut und sein Fehler 8.1.5. Eine spezielle Ausgleichung 8.2. Ausgleichungen nach dem normalen Plattenausmeßverfahren 8.2.1. Ausgleichung der ersten sieben Bildpaare 8.2.2. Ausgleichung der übrigen sechs Bildpaare 8.2.3. Zusammenfassung aller Bildpaare 8.3. Das endgültige Azimut 8.4. Schlußfolgerungen und Einschätzung der Ergebnisse Literaturverzeichnis

Description: Highly industrialized and densely populated territories such as the GDR necessitate to consider very small probabilities of the occurrence of potentially damaging earthquakes. A concept was developed for the assessment of the seismic regime in the GDR. This concept as well as some first results are presented. Especially a possible connection between the seismicity level of a seismotectonic unit and its maximum earthquake will be discussed. -Author

Description: Beilage zu: Trier und Umgebung / Jörg F. W. Negendank. - (Sammlung geologischer Führer ; 60). - Kartographisch überarb. Neuaufl. 2000 durch J. F. W. Negendank ; T. Sommer

Description: Um das Spektrum der Methoden zur Lösung geologischer Probleme zu erweitern, werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit paläomagnetische sowie gesteinsphysikalische Untersuchungen durchgeführt, die Beiträge zur relativen Altersbestimmung, zum Nachweis von Bewegungen und zur Gesteinsgenese bringen sollen. Dabei werden aus 74 Aufschlüssen auf dem Territorium der DDR insgesamt 304 Proben unterschiedlicher Formationen bearbeitet, die den verschiedenen Gesteinstypen zuzuordnen sind. Die Entmagnetisierung fand im Wechselfeld statt, und für die Messungen stand mit dem in der CSSR entwickelten Rockgenerator ein i nternationales Spitzengerät zur Verfügung. Erzmikroskopie, Röntgenographie sowie Untersuchungen auf der Thermomagnetwaage ergänzen die Methodik.

Description: Einleitung 1. Paläomagnetische Untersuchungen 1.1. Paläomagnetismus 1.1.1. Zur Geschichte 1.1.2. Der Gegenstand, die Aufgaben und die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Paläomagnetismus 1.1.2.1. Das Magnetfeld der Erde 1.1.2.2. Relative Altersbestimmung 1.1.2.3. Nachweis von Bewegungen 1.1.2.4. Aussagen zur Gesteinsgenese 1.2. Methodik 1.2.1. Probenentnahme 1.2.2. Probenaufbereitung 1.2.3. Die Messung der Magnetisierung 1.2.4. Die Auswertung der Messungen 1.2.4.1. Deklination, Inklination, Intensität 1.2.4.2. Bestimmung der Koordinaten des paläomagnetischen Poles 1.2.5. Fehlerdiskussion 1.2.5.1. Fehlerquellen, die bei der Gesteinsgenese und bei der Probenentnahme auftauchen können 1.2.5.2. Fehlerquellen bei der Aufbereitung und Messung des Probenmaterials 1.2.5.3. Fehlerquellen bei der Auswertung der Meßergebnisse 2. Paläomagnetische Ergebnisse 2.1. Der Vergleich der Polwanderungskurve aus Werten von DDR-Proben mit der aus Werten der internationalen Literatur für Europa 2.2. Nachweis von Bewegungen 2.3. Betrachtungen zum Paläoklima 3. Gesteinsphysikalische Untersuchungen 3.1. Gesteinsmagnetismus 3.1.1. Remanenz 3.1.1.1. Die isothermale r emanente Magnetisierung (IRM) 3.1.1.2. Die thermoremanente Magnetisierung (TRM) 3.1.1.3. Die chemoremanente Magnetisierung (CRM) 3.1.1.4. Die Ablagerungsmagnetisierung 3.1.1.5. Die viskose remanente Magnetisierung (VRM) 3.1.1.6. Der Effekt des Blitzschlages 3.2. Die Träger der Magnetisierung 3.2.1. Magnetit 3.2.2. Hämatit 3.2.3. Ilmenit 3.2.4. Pyrrhotin 3.2.5. Maghemit, Ulvöspinell, Pyrit, Pseudobrookit 3.3. Stabilität 3.3.1. Physikalische Stabilität 3.3.1.1. Die Entmagnetisierung mit dem Wechselfeld 3.3.1.2. Entmagnetisierung mit anderen Methoden 3.3.1.3. Die Abhängigkeit der physikalischen Stabilität 3.3.2. Die paläomagnetische Stabilität 3.4. Messungen mit der Thermomagnetwaage 4. Gesteinsphysikalische Ergebnisse 4.1. Die Diskussion der Entmagnetisierungskurven 4.1.1. Physikalisch stabile Proben 4.1.2. Physikalisch metastabile Proben 4.1.3. Physikalisch instabile Proben 4.1.4. Besonderheiten an EntmagnetisierungSkurven 4.2. Diskussion der Deklinations- und Inklinationsstereogramme 4.3. Träger der Magnetisierung in den untersuchten Gesteinen und Art der Remanenz 4.3.1. Intrusiva 4.3.2. Effusiva 4.3.3. Ganggesteine 4.3.4. Rote Sedimente 4.3.5. Anders gefärbte Sedimente 4.3.6. Kontaktmetamorphe Gesteine 4.4. Das Inversionsproblem 4.4.1. Feldumkehr 4.4.2. Selbstumkehr 4.4.3. Die Zuordnung der untersuchten Proben 5. Zur Zeit bestehende Probleme und Ausblick auf die zukünftige Forschung 6. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 7. Literatur 8. Tafeln I - V

Description: A refined gravity field model, Goddard Earth Model GEM-L2, has been derived using the Lageos orbital data yielding better baseline measurements for the analysis of tectonic plate motion. This field also contributes to an improved understanding of long wavelength features, such as the sea slope across broad ocean basins, through its significant improvement of the long wavelength geoid (through degree and order 4). The geoid for these terms has an accuracy estimated at ± 8 cm in GEM-L2. GEM-L2, as in all recent Goddard Earth Models, relies heavily on the precise near-Earth satellite laser ranging data, in this case provided by NASA's Crustal Dynamics Program. Two and a half years of Lageos laser data acquired from over 20 well-distributed stations were combined with the existing data from the best satellite-derived model, GEM-9, to develop the new Lageos model. Testing shows that the Lageos gravity field error at long wavelengths is less than half that for GEM-9. Independent tests using well determined longitude accelerations of 24-hour satellites have verified the improved accuracy of the new model. A comparison of global laser "base" stations from independent data sets of alternating 15 day data segments over the 2 1/2 years of Lageos show total inter-station positioning to ± 1.8 cm when using this new field. The same comparison using the 1979 versus the 1980 Lageos data yields ± 5.2 cm; this difference in agreement reflects the change in data distribution and other systematic errors along with the tectonic motion which has occurred between these chronologically distinguishable data sets. Five day average polar motion values with a precision of 10 cm and change in length of day values accurate to better than .5 msec have been derived in the solution. The adjustment of these parameters are necessary to achieve the accurate stations and geopotential results in GEM-L2.

Description: Twelve species of terricolous microlichens from the Angmagssalik District, Southeast Greenland, are reported: Caloplaca friesii, C. livida, Lecanora boligera, Lecidea oligotropha and Leciophysma arctophila, which are new to the lichen flora of Greenland, Rinodina conradi, which is new to the eastcoast, and Baeomyces roseus, B. rufus, Buellia geophila, B. punctata, Caloplaca tornoensis and Mycoblastus tornoensis, new to Southeast Greenland. In a discussion of the greenlandic distribution, unpublished records from the herbarium of Copenhagen (C) are incorporated. Notes on the habitats are given and the pertinent phytosociological units indicated. Some morphological and anatomical characters are commented upon briefly.

Description: The 16 recognized species of Sorocea are listed with their synonyms and distribution. Two new taxa are described: S. steinbachii C.C. Berg and S. hirtella Mildbread ssp. oligotricha Akkermans & Berg. Three new combinations are made: S. muriculata Miquel ssp. uaupensis (Baillon) C.C. Berg, S. trophoides W. Burger ssp. rhodorachis (Cuatrecasas) C.C. Berg, and S. sprucei (Baillon) Macbride ssp. saxicola (Hassler) C.C. Berg. A key to the species is presented.

Description: Some rain and savanna forests of western Suriname (Corantijn R., Winana Creek; Upper Marataka R.; Upper Nickerie R;) were studied and their composition was compared with that of forests of other parts of Suriname and Guyana. The savanna forests of western Suriname proved to be much related to Guyanan ( Walabaand Dakama-) savanna forests as described by Davis & Richards (1934) and Fanshawe (1952). On the other hand, there was less relationship as regards rain forests of western Suriname when compared with ones of Guyana and other parts of Suriname, except for the Demerara greenheart forest of the Upper Marataka R., which was closely related to the Demerara greenheart forests of Guyana as described by Davis & Richards (1934). In addition an upland rain forest was studied near Blanche Marie falls, Upper Nickerie R., which proved to be very much like that of the Stofbroekoe Mts., eastern Suriname, as described by Schils (1960). Species/area curves for some rain and savanna forests are given. The geographical distribution of some common western Surinam tree species was studied; of the seventeen species studied one was endemic for Suriname. An annotated list of all species of trees and palms occurring in the explored areas is provided.

Description: The species Polypodium banaense C.Chr. is transferred to Crypsinus. The recognition of a genus Phymatopteris Pic. Ser. (= Phymatopsis J.Sm.) separate from Crypsinus is discussed.

Description: The six species of Curtia, including a hitherto undescribed species published here, as well as the monotypic genus Hockinia can be distinguished from each other by the seed coat structure. The anticlinal walls and the cuticle provide the most useful information. Curtia tenuifolia appears to be a complex species, but subsp. tenella can be readily separated from this complex by the seed coat structure. Heterostyly has been found in C. tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia, C. obtusifolia, and Hockinia montana, but differences in seed coat structure can not be correlated with long-, short-, and equal-styled flowers. The differences in seed coat structure, the length of the seeds, and the number of cells per seed plead for maintaining Hockinia (closely related to Curtia) as a distinct genus. One new species of Curtia is described and a new combination is made.

Description: SETTEN, A. K. van & KOEK-NOORMAN, J.: Studies in Annonaceae. VI. A leafanatomical survey of genera of Annonaceae in the Neotropics. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108: 17—50. 1986. — ISSN 0006-8152. Within the scope of the multidisciplinary research project on systematics of Annonaceae, a survey of the leafanatomical features and their distribution in the neotropical Annonaceae is presented. The studied specimens form a rather homogeneous group, as may appear from the family description given here. A detailed study of the leafanatomical features reveals, that differences are mainly found in the indument, the position and contents of the idioblasts, the structure of the primary vein, the type of crystals in the epidermal cells, and the type of sclereids. Based on character states, phenetic similarities and differences are discussed and compared with the classifications of FRIES (1959) and WALKER (1971).

Description: One new species of Dorstenia from Brazil is described: D. carautae C.C. Berg, and four new combinations are made: D. cayapia Vellozo subsp. asaroides (Hooker) C.C. Berg, D. cayapia Vellozo subsp. paraguariensis (Hassler) C.C. Berg, D. cayapia Vellozo subsp. vitifolia (Gardner) C.C. Berg, and D. ramosa (Desvaux) Carauta, Valente & Sucre subsp. dolichocaula (Pilger) C.C. Berg. A list of and a key to the 22 Dorstenia species distinguished in south-eastern tropical America are presented, together with synonymy and distributional data.

Description: The samples of the genus Calypogeia in the dutch institutional herbaria and private collections, those of C. arguta excluded, have been re-identified, according to the revision of the Swiss Calypogeias by Bischler (1957); distribution maps are given for all the taxa. More exact circumscriptions are given of several differentiating characters which were already established by previous authors. In C. fissa and C. sphagnicola the areolation of the leaves appeared to be a new differentiating character: in C. fissa the cells in the middle of the leaf show a great variation in length, whereas in C. sphagnicola the cell size is uniform. These differences are shown in histograms. C. muelleriana appeared to be restricted to the diluvial parts of the country, whereas C. fissa is common on both alluvium and diluvium; c. neesiana, C. sphagnicola and C. trichomanis are very rare, so that no clear geographical distribution can be given.

Description: Recently a multidisciplinary investigation program on the systematics of Annonaceae was started at Utrecht with special emphasis on the Neotropics. This project will be carried out largely within the framework of the UNESCO-project Flora Neotronica. The first goal is to provide a modern classification of the family as a whole, the second is the publication of a series of monographs for Flora Neotropica. The project has been planned and started in close consultation with leading botanists on the Neotropical flora. The Annonaceae are a family of pantropical distribution with between 2000 and 2500 species in ca. 130 genera as presently understood. In the Neotropics the family is represented by ca. 750 species and 35 genera. It is a family of trees, shrubs, and lianas. Its place is within the order of the Magnoliales and its supposedly closest relative is the family of the Myristicaceae. The Annonaceae, although generally considered primitive in many features, nevertheless offer a number of specialized features as well This makes it a promising object using various kinds of comparative morphological, karyological, and anatomical data. Besides, many species are of medicinal or commercial value, such as various species of Annona and Rollinia, the fruits of which are commonly eaten in most countries of Central America and South America; the Soursop (Annona muricata) is widely cultivated throughout the tropics.

Description: A new species of Asterophorum, A. mennegae, is described from the Sipaliwini Savanne (Suriname). The position of Asterophorum within the family is briefly reviewed, and a key to the 2 species is given.

Description: Dalbergia and Machaerium are two distinct genera. The former genus Ecastophyllum is a distinct entity in the genus Dalbergia. The former genus Drepanocarpus differs from Machaerium only in certain pod characters and is considered as congeneric with it.

Description: The wood and leaf anatomy of representatives of the 9 genera of the Opiliaceae are described in detail. It is possible to separate the genera on the base of both wood- and leaf anatomical characters. Herein the presence of cystoliths of varying shape and size is important. Some comments on the taxonomy and possible phylogeny of the familiy are given.

Description: In his introductory statements to 'The Symposium on the Phylogeny and Classification of the Filicopsida' which was held in London, 1972, HOLTTUM, when dealing with 'dubious groups of relationships which would particularly repay investigation', mentioned the Polypodiaceae first (HOLTTUM, 1973: 6). Talking about Polypodiaceae the present authors deal with the Polypodiaceae sensu stricto only, thus excluding the Cheiropleuriaceae, Dipteridaceae, Grammitidaceae, and also the Loxogrammaceae, taxa which were formerly (or are still) included in the Polypodiaceae sensu lato. As delineated in this way, this almost exclusively pantropical family consists of about 600 species and an indefinite number of genera.

Description: The new species Coussapoa manuënsis C.C. Berg is described.

Description: The present paper, the fifth¹) in this series, is a continuation of the documented list of chromosome numbers of Angiospermae occurring in the Netherlands. In this paper 49 species and two hybrids are listed. Some species show variation in chromosome number, as was concluded after comparison of our results with those of other authors [cf. the lists published by Löve and Löve (1961); Cave et al. (1956-1964); Ornduff (1967, 1968, 1969); Solbrig and Gadella (1970); Moore (1970)]. Some notes on 14 species and two hybrids are given.

Description: The circular which was enclosed in Bulletin 24 has received full attention of our readers and a large number of cards were received. The large majority favours the continuation of our annotated bibliography as it is, not cutting off references on the Australian and Pacific floras, and not discarding the references on the Cryptogams. A review of Mr. Ferguson’s Index is given on p. 1912. October 21, 1970, Foundation Flora Malesiana existed twenty years. This anniversary was marked by a small festivity in the Rijksherbarium. Although curtailed financially since January 1958, it has kept its promise to promote all studies encompassing progress of the botany and plant geography of the Malesian subcontinent. It is gratifying that with the distinct tendency of the rehabilitation of the economical and political situation in Indonesia during the last few years, science in general, and biology in particular, are getting a new impetus. Amongst others through international agreement and co-operation, two master organisations have been set up, SEAMEC and BIOTROP, the latter being the centre of biological studies and education allotted to Bogor. It is clear that this focus will be a great stimulant and will sponsor biological activity. It was particularly pleasant to learn from Professor Sarwono and Dr. Didin, chairman and secretary of LIPI respectively, that this general scientific rehabilitation scheme included assistance towards the Flora Malesiana Foundation. Although the scientific elaboration of Flora Malesiana has been transferred as a major work project to the Rijksherbarium, a necessity since 1958, there are various desiderata left, amongst others contributions from Indonesian systematists. Unfortunately, the net result of Dr. Kostermans’s efforts to have promising Indonesian students thoroughly trained and prepared to share the tremendous task still before us, is meagre. Two of them, Dr. Soegeng and Dr. Didin, are occupied with very responsible and very necessary but largely administrative tasks, Dr. Prijanto died unexpectedly, and Dr. Soepadmo spends his time largely on educational matters. Clearly something must be done and we trust that in the near future creative work by Indonesian systematists can be resumed. We shall, I sincerely hope, overcome, and the future carries certainly very promising features for a more intense co-operation. And disinterested loyal co-operation is the very basis of ensuring achievement. It is with immense satisfaction that I see this perspective of a bright future ahead.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae – b) Fungi & lichenes – c) Bryophytes – d) Pteridophytes – e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.

Description: IUCN, says the paper Categories, Objectives and Criteria for Protected Areas, ”is dedicated to the wise use of the Earth’s natural resources and to the maintenance of the Planet’s natural diversity.” What to think of the sequence? Use first, maintain second? And this comes from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources? ”The World National Parks Congress, taking place in Bali, Indonesia, October 11-22, 1982, will provide case studies from around the world to illustrate how the various categories of protected areas are meeting the needs of countries of all economic, social, cultural, and political backgrounds,” writes J.A. McNeely, the secretary of the Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas, in a special issue of the Swedish journal Ambio (11: 237. 1982). ”No longer just playgrounds for vacationers and means for conserving natural heritage, protected areas have become an inseparable part of the modern human ecosystem.”

Description: Mrs. Delia D. Adefuin, Museum Research Assistant, Manila, is pursuing her M.S. in Botany degree. She is currently the Secretary of the Fern Society of the Philippines. She is working on the Fern Flora of Metro Manila and is preparing the manuscript of a pictorial encyclopedia which will include descriptions of species and horticultural recommendations. Miss Barbro Axelius (S) collected and studied Xanthophytum and Lerchea (Rubiaceae) in Sarawak, Kalimantan and Sumatra, August 1982- February 1983.

Description: Tropical Botany in Aberdeen University. This was started by Professor J.W.H. Trail, who held the chair from 1877 to 1919, and travelled in the Amazon Valley (1873-75) mainly collecting cryptogams and studying palms. He was succeeded by Prof. W.G. Craib (1920-33) who was never in the tropics but devoted his work to the Flora of Siam, based on the collections of A.F.G. Kerr, and assisted by Miss E.C. Barnett. After a considerable lag, tropical botany was revived by the energetic efforts of Dr. P. Ashton as lecturer in systematics and ecology of the eastern tropics, establishing ties with Malayan colleges in teaching and research. This is at present perpetuated by two lecturers, Dr. K. Jong and Dr. M.D. Swaine, the latter’s experience lying largely in the tropics of West Africa. In addition Dr. N.M. Pritchard, Dr. J.B. Kenworthy and Dr. G. Hadley have been on secondment to the University of Malaya, while Dr. I. Alexander made research visits to India, Ghana and Peru. Over the years the Department has provided undergraduate and research training to innumerable students from many different tropical countries, some of which attained responsible posts, e.g. Prof. E. Soepadmo. Important courses in tropical biology are given, not available elsewhere in the U.K. (started 1973). The benefits for Aberdeen students is important: amongst others they led to expeditions to various parts of the tropics, recently to Sabah and to the Ivory Coast. Royal Society Tropical Rain Forest Collaborative Research Programme. Arising out of a feasibility study by Dr. T.C. Whitmore and P.F. Cockburn, the theme ’Recovery of tropical rain forest after disturbance’ was adopted as the initial basis of the programme. Possible territories for the research include Sabah and the Philippines. Detailed plans for a 5-year project are being prepared in consultation with colleagues in Southeast Asia.

Description: It is with the utmost regret that we announce the sudden and quite unexpected death of Dr. Marius Jacobs, editor of this Bulletin. See the obituary on page 3869. He was co-editor of the Flora Malesiana Bulletin for nr. 17 (1962) to nr. 22 (1968) and took full responsibility onwards of nr. 27 (1974). He showed great ability in enlarging its scope and we have many letters in our archives expressing appreciation and admiration for the lively and informative style in which he edited the Bulletin. I had to take over the editorial work for this number at short notice, but I was greatly helped by a number of Rijksherbarium colleagues, which help is gratefully acknowledged. In this way the delay has been kept to a minimum. It is, however, possible that some news items etc. have not been printed and that information submitted to Dr. Jacobs has not been entered due to this sudden change of editorship. I offer my apologies if this has happened and hope that (if still relevant) the news will again be forwarded to the new editor, Dr. J.F. Veldkamp, Rijksherbarium, who will take over starting next number.

Description: The Botanical Survey of India continued to make collections during 1982, with the following results: Andaman & Nicobar Is.: Shola Bag, Mt Harriet, Jirkathang, Poona Nallah, Saddle peak, Diglipur, Rutland I. & Little I., 2875 specimens. Arunachal Pradesh: Various areas of Kameng Distr., Subansiri Distr., 9750 specimens. Assam: Garampani, 60 specimens. West Bengal: Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Hollong, Jaldapara, Chilapata, Salkumar, Daidaighat, Barasat, 2665 specimens. Bihar: Madhuban, Nimiaghat, Paresnath Hills, 315 specimens. Dehra Dun: Chakrata, Missoori, 325 specimens. Gujrat: Catchment and submergence areas of Sipu Reservoir Project, 1505 specimens. Kerala: Trichur, Idduki, Silent Valley, Valra Reserve Forest, Cannanore, Trivandrum, 3770 specimens. Madhya Pradesh: Kanha National Park, Chhodarpur Distr., 1190 specimens. Maharashtra: Areas of Jalgaon Distr. and Buldhana Distr., 4390 specimens. Manipur: Cherrapunjee, Mawphlong, Sorharim, areas of West Khasi Hills Districts, 2000 specimens. Rajasthan: Bharatpur, Desert National Park, 1605 specimens. Sikkim: Rangpo, Singtham, Bumbing, Manuring, Duga, Pandam, Takchi, Meli, areas of Gangtok, Chungtham, Lachi, Thanga, Panthang, 2590 specimens. Uttar Pradesh: Gori & Kali Valley, Chittoragarh Distr., 500 specimens.

Description: The ultrastructure of the spore walls of Beenakia dacostae (Beenakiaceae, Gomphales) has been studied. Spore walls are mainly composed of a distinct episporium and a thick, dark, ornamented ectosporium. The general structure is identical with that of other members of the Gomphales, such as Gomphus and Ramaria

Description: De in Nederland waargenomen soorten van Taraxacum uit de sectie Spectabilia Dahlst. zijn: T. anglicum Dahlst., T. euryphyllum (Dahlst.) Christ., T. hygrophilum v. S., T. johannis-jansenii v. S. en T. nordstedii Dahlst. Op de kaartjes is hun verspreiding weergegeven, in hoofdzaak berustend op gegevens van na 1950 (fig. 1, a—d). Zou men de oudere gegevens daaruit weglaten, zo zou het beeld dat de kaartjes bieden niet noemenswaard worden beïnvloed. Bij de steeds verder schrijdende cultuurmaatregelen worden deze, op natuurlijke standplaatsen groeiende soorten ernstig bedreigd. Volledigheidshalve zij vermeld dat nog twee nieuwe soorten uit deze sectie te zijner tijd in de Acta Botanica Neerlandica zullen worden gepubliceerd: T. duvigneaudii v. S. (Gouda-Waddinxveen) en T. zevenbergend v. S. (Hijzen bij Moergestel en Houtakker bij Tilburg).

Description: In 1960 I made a preliminary analysis of the floristic distribution of the native Phanerogam genera of the Pacific islands, which amounted to 1511 genera in all. The aims of the present work have been to record these more accurately and more critically in detail, especially with regard to native versus introduced, to complete the survey with new records from new explorations made during the interval, and to evaluate new taxonomic literature on Pacific genera. The present list amounts to a total of 1666 genera, as far as known in July 1969, listed in an Appendix. The floristic relationships of the Pacific islands and the surrounding continental areas are established and a hierarchical subdivision of the flora of the Pacific islands based on demarcations in it is made. Furthermore a nomenclatural stabilization of the names and ranks of the subdivisions is attempted. Chapter IV, 3. An attempt was also made to find factual data on the correlation between distribution and means of dispersal. Chapter IV, 4. Secondary aims were to review earlier attemps towards a subdivision of the Pacific flora (Chapter II), two other secondary purposes to see whether traces of the historic plant-geography of the Pacific flora are still reflected in the present flora (Chapter V), and finally to compare geographic subdivisions and other data from non-Phanerogam taxa, mostly animals, with floristics. Chapter VI. Chapter III is devoted to an explanation and a discussion of the methods employed. Arguments are given why only Phanerogams have been considered and why only native genera have been used for computing results. Chapter III, 1—2. Arguments are given for employing the genus as a working unit. It is shown that the genus is much less susceptible to variability in taxonomic concepts than either the species or the family. Besides it is comparatively easy to establish the distribution of a genus fairly reasonably from literature. Chapter III, 3. Chapter III, 4 is devoted to a discussion on the sources of information on which this work is based, comprising i.a. literature, herbarium collections and personal information. Many errors are contained in the first two of these and it cannot be avoided that some mistakes have not been detected. Also, the island groups have been investigated with a varying degree of intensity. The island groups in the Pacific are taken as geographic units of which there are 36. The surrounding land masses are divided into 12 main areas. Chapter III, 5. Of each genus occurring in any of the 36 Pacific unit areas the full distribution is traced. See Appendix. From a comparative study of generic ranges, it has appeared that they exhibit a restricted number of recognizable patterns, 17 of which have been distinguished. These I have called distribution types in this work. Chapter III, 6. The choice of geographic unit areas introduces a certain element of arbitrariness. Each island group can then be characterized by its set of distribution types: the distribution types spectra. It is also possible to calculate floristic relationships or resemblance between the island groups, for which a number of methods are discussed and evaluated. It appears that basically all methods lead to more or less similar conclusions. Chapter III, 9. As a test for the validity of the conclusions based on the distribution of all genera, similar calculations were performed on 345 revised or otherwise well-known taxa. Although the percentages of the distribution types are slightly different the general conclusions are corroborated. Chapter III, 7. In addition, an attempt has been made to find whether there is a correlation between the distribution and the means of dispersal of these revised or otherwise well-known taxa. Chapter III, 8. One of the most important results of this work is the census of Pacific genera. See Appendix. By using the method of distribution types spectra, demarcation knots and other methods it has been possible to find demarcations and to define phytochores. The main demarcation is that between the New and Old World floras. A hierarchy is set up of subdivisions which is illustrated in fig. 35 and tabulated in table 6. It appears that a strong demarcation exists between the islands on the American side of the Pacific (Galapagos, Juan Fernandez, etc.) and the western islands. Hawaii and SE. Polynesia form the easternmost frontier of the OldWorld flora. This conclusion was reached almost unanimously by all phytogeographers, one of the earliest being Engler after whom I have proposed to name this demarcation: Engler’s line. In the W. Pacific Bonin in the north and New Zealand and adjacent islands in the south show a sharp demarcation from the rest, Bonin forming part of the E. Asiatic region, and New Zealand forming a distinct subregion of the Australian. New Caledonia cannot be satisfactorily placed. It shows relations with New Guinea, Queensland and the Pacific in about equal measure. Besides it abounds in endemics, some of which are highly peculiar in various aspects. The remaining part of the Pacific shows an essentially Malesian character, decreasing in strength from west to east. The New Hebrides with Fiji, Samoa and Tonga form a subprovince as does SE. Polynesia, Hawaii is considered a separate province of the Malesian subregion. Unlike the islands west of Engler’s line the American Pacific islands show very little mutual floristic alliance, but they all have a characteristic American flora. Comparisons with subdivisions and demarcations of other groups of organisms show that often, but not always, the same barriers are respected by unrelated groups. My data give certain indications about the past but no attempt has been made to correlate the conclusions with contemporary geological theories. The regularity of distribution patterns, the close floristic alliance among the islands west of Engler’s line independent of their distance from each other, combined with the fact that dispersal spectra show no clear correlation between distribution and ‘dispersibility’, suggests an old relictual character of the flora rather than a young one built up by random long-distance dispersal. This applies especially to the W. Carolines, the Melanesian islands, Lord Howe I. and New Zealand, i.e. islands more or less within the Andesite line, which are much richer and contain many poor dispersers. For Hawaii also a better accessibility in the past seems indicated. The regular decrease in the number of taxa in proportion to their distance from source areas is discussed. An attempt is made to explain the phenomenon. A tentative conclusion is reached that impoverishment and other phenomena attributed to oceanic islands are not restricted to these. A large scale comparative study of continental and island floras is needed.

Description: In January 1971 Dr. Simon Jan van Ooststroom, senior botanist of the Rijksherbarium, retired on reaching the age of 65, having been on the staff since November 1934. Though this event will to a certain extent change, but not interrupt, his work, it is nevertheless worth commemorating, as he has so many contacts at home and abroad, all of whom have profited from his wide knowledge which he shared freely. He was born in Rotterdam in 1906, where he received his primary and part of his secondary education. He completed the latter in Schiedam and entered the University of Utrecht in 1924. He became the assistant of Prof. Dr. A. Pulle in January 1927. By chance he became interested in the genus Evolvulus and this led him to compose an excellent world monograph of this genus for which he was awarded his doctor’s degree in 1934 and which furthermore caused a life-long interest in the bindweed family, on which he became a most reliable authority, especially for the Indo-Australian region. Many papers emanated from these studies, culminating in his treatment (assisted by Dr. R. D. Hoogland) of the family in Flora Malesiana (1953).

Description: A peculiar structural detail, occurring during the development of ovules, seems to have passed almost unnoticed till the present day. It concerns the distal rim of either the outer or the inner integument, which appears to be slightly lobed in the ovules of several unrelated plants. In a recent note (1970) I called attention to this feature. It is known from Juglans and Platycaria (Warming, 1878; Leroy, 1955; Boesewinkel and Bouman, 1967), where the single integument is two-lobed. Warming mentioned two more cases, namely Lagarosiphon and Symplocarpus; however, I cannot confirm his observations from dried material. I noticed it myself in Scyphostegia horneensis, in Caloncoba welwitschii, and in Sterculia alexandri. In these three species the lobes occur at the rim of the outer integument. To these can now be added Hernandia peltata. However, in that species the lobes occur at the rim of the inner integument.

Description: In Malesia the genus Tephrosia is represented by 20 species, native or introduced and naturalized, including 6 subspecies and 5 varieties; 4 species are restricted to Malesia. Two of these species are newly described: T. barbatala and T. elliptica; the former includes one new variety (var. glabra). Two new subspecies and one new variety are distinguished: T. filipes subsp. longifolia, T. purpurea subsp. barbigera, and T. maculata var. elongata. Two taxa are given a new status: T. maculata var. appressepilosa and T. pumila subsp. aldabrensis. Four species, T. dichotoma, T. repentina, T. coarctata, and Kiesera sumatrana are for the first time sunk into synonymy. A key to the taxa, synonymy, and full descriptions with plates and distribution maps are given.

Description: During identification and study of the materials of the genus Blepharis Juss. in the Central National Herbarium (CAL) of the Botanical Survey of India the authors came across some specimens (Lawson 314) from Tavancore, which was identified as B. molluginifolia aff But critical study revealed that the typical molluginifolia is a different species from which the new taxon can be distinguished by several characters. The species is named after M.A. Lawson who collected the specimen for the first time.

Description: The new scheme of classification presented in this paper is based on the examination of all species in the family Thelypteridaceae which I have been able to trace in the Old World. I have gradually compiled a list of about 700 names (basionyms) and have examined type or other authentic material of all but a small proportion; and in the course of study of specimens in many herbaria I have noted about another 50 species which appear to be undescribed. I have attempted to re-describe all the previously-named species, noting characters not mentioned in existing descriptions, especially the detailed distribution of hairs and glands, including those on the body and stalk of sporangia, and characters of spores. It is probable that there remain some published names, not yet detected by me, which refer to species of the family, but I think there are not many. I have also made a study of all generic and infrageneric names which are typifiable by species of Thelypteridaceae, and in doubtful cases I have tried to clarify and fix the typification. As already reported in the second paper of this series (Blumea 18: 195—215), I have had the help of Dr. U. Sen and Miss N. Mittra in examining anatomical and other microscopic characters of some type species, and hope to present further information of this kind later.

Description: Until now three species of apetalous Hamamelidoideae have been reported from Taiwan (Li, 1963): Distylium gracile Nakai, Distylium racemosum Sieb. & Zucc., and Sycopsis formosana (Kanehira) Kanehira & Hatusima (close to or identical with S. sinensis Oliver). A list of the specimens of the Herbarium of the National Taiwan University, Taipei (TAI), kindly sent by Prof. Ch. E. DeVol (Oct. 3, 1970), contains the same three species.

Description: One new species of Aristolochia, A. singalangensis, from Sumatra is described here. This is the only Malesian species to have the fruit dehiscing from the apex towards the base. Remarks are given for some Asiatic and Malesian species, all belonging to Aristolochia except one to Thottea, on their taxonomy, nomenclature, typification, characteristics for identification, relationship, distribution, etc. The phenomena and significance of aristolochiaceous plants-butterflies relationship have been discussed. Germinated pollen grains have been found in dehisced anthers of open flowers in both Aristolochia and Thottea. Pollination of the Aristolochiaceae has been concisely reviewed.

Description: In April 1969 I paid a visit to Ceylon for a week, allowing me to study for the first time the collections of the Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya (PDA), including Thwaites type specimens. My stay was made possible through the Smithsonian Flora of Ceylon Project. The study of Thwaites’ type material revealed some new facts affecting the synonymy of Ochna jabotapita L. and O. obtusata DC. It had previously come to my attention that materials distributed as O. moonii Thw. under number C.P. 1224 belonged to either O. obtusata (BM, BO) or O. lanceolata Spreng. (K, P) (see also the note on page 26 of my revision). I subsequently found that all three species of Ochna in Ceylon were represented on the sheet in PDA, obviously bearing Thwaites’ holotype. From this and accompanying sheets it is clear that the material belonging to O. jabotapita should in fact be designated as the holotype of Thwaites’ species. Consequently, the whole paragraph under O. moonii on page 30 of my revision should be transferred from the synonymy of O. obtusata to that of O. jabotapita. The phrase ‘excl. syn. O. quarrosa L. sensu Moon = O. jabotapita L. ’should be deleted. The type should be referred to as C.P. 1224 p.p. (PDA p.p. holo).

Description: A massive, expensive book, principally an atlas of small botanical drawings (line drawings, c. 10 by 6 cm, two to a page), each provided with the Latin and vernacular name, a concise 2—4 line descriptive note, and the use of the plant. A similar text is added in Japanese. Most pictures are reproduced at ½ nat. size. Species are arranged alphabetically within the families which are in turn arranged according to the Englerian system. Only Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are included. Prof. Corner is responsible for checking the names and the brief descriptive notes. The pictures were drawn by Prof. Watanabe during World War II for the Japanese Military Administration at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Two volumes of these drawings were already published in small octavo in 1945 at Singapore, one on Medicinal Plants, the second on Edible Plants. A selection of some 200 plates was also later published by Prof. H. B. Gilliland in his ‘Common Malayan Plants’ in 1958 (University of Malaya Press, Singapore). The present work embraces all pictures made by Prof. Watanabe, many unpublished before, with addition of a number not made at Singapore, amongst them several of rare parasitic and saprophytic species from Borneo and Celebes, Pandanus from New Guinea, and other interesting odds, even from Japan, the Bonins, etc.

Description: There are only two genera of the Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochia and Thottea, so far known to occur in Malesia. In the course of a revision of this family for the Flora Malesiana, some new species of both genera have been found. Eight new ones of Thottea were published in a precursor on that genus (Blumea 27, 1981, 301-332, f. 1-72). There are four new species of Aristolochia from Borneo and one more new Thottea from Sumatra to be described here.