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  • Springer  (5)
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  • Oxford University Press
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 1003-1027 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Olfaction ; olfactory receptor neuron ; sensillum ; antenna ; antennal lobe ; glomerulus ; pheromone ; kairomone ; host odour ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Odours play a very important role in the life of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera. In the present paper, a review is given of the current knowledge of morphology, development and function of the olfactory system in larval and adult moths and butterflies. Research regarding both the antennal and accessory olfactory pathways, as well as both the pheromone and the host odour detecting systems, is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Scent scales ; Lepidoptera ; Secretion discharge ; Gland cells ; Insect cuticle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The abdominal scent apparatus of male Caligo eurilochus was examined at different ages by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The glandular epithelium is covered with specialized scales and forms a pad on each side of the 4th to 6th abdominal segments. The pads are surrounded by smooth, elastic cuticle and can protrude toward the opposite hind wing hair pencil. The scales have a poreless cuticle with a fibrillar texture. They are impregnated by an oily, slowly volatile substance. The scales are elongated toward the base, forming hoods over the long coneshaped sockets. The scale pedicel is anchored tension-free by rootlets in the central socket base. The slightly asymmetric cuticular sockets are very elastic, due to their high water content. They are stabilized by internal epicuticular rods. The release of the secretions from the cell and a possibly active microvillar transport is discussed. Different secretions are found in the space between the microvillar surface of the gland cell and the socket floor. They are probably discharged from the supraglandular space into the scale lumen by means of pressure and bending of the sockets. A flowback might be prevented by capillary effect of a “ball” of vesicles, which lies exactly above the outlet of the scale pedicel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Plasma membrane ; Goblet cell ; Gap junction ; 16-kDa proteolipid ; Lepidoptera ; Larvae ; V-ATPase ; Heliothis virescens (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We previously cloned from Heliothis virescens a 16-kDa protein that is homologous to other ductin sequences. We also reported its immunolocalization with a specific affinity-purified anti-peptide antibody in the midgut and Malpighian tubule of feeding larvae, and concluded that the cloned proteolipid encodes the V-ATPase proton-transporting subunit c from the V0 sector. We now present the immunolocalization of this protein in the midgut during the L4-L5 larval molt and early post-ecdysis into the fifth instar in H. virescens. The results show that the spatial expression of the 16-kDa protein is developmentally regulated. Labeling by anti-peptide antibody varies during the molt in the midgut goblet cell apical plasma membrane and the goblet cell apical valve. Epifluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed strong anti-ductin labeling in areas of cell-to-cell contact during the molt, and during early post-ecdysis into the fifth larval instar. The characteristic labeling pattern observed in areas of cell-to-cell contact is consistent with the claimed involvement of ductins in gap junctions. Conclusive evidence for the presence of the 16-kDa protein in areas of cell-to-cell contact in the midgut of feeding larvae is, however, lacking. V-ATPase regulation during the molt was also investigated by simultaneous immunohistochemistry with an anti-B subunit antiserum, a probe for the V1 sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 425-433 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Neural lamella ; Postembryonic development ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neural lamella encapsulating the brain of the wax moth Galleria mellonella develops from a very thin (80–120 nm) layer in the first larval instar, resembling the basal lamina, to a thick (1–4 μm) sheath composed of two zones in the seventh (last) instar. After its breakdown at the time of larval-pupal ecdysis the neural lamella is reconstructed in the pupa, 2–3 days before pupaladult ecdysis. The cells of the perineurium seem to be responsible for the formation of the neural lamella, both in the larva and pupa, even though its ultrastructure differs at these stages.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 467-486 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart innervation ; Lepidoptera ; Neuromuscular junctions ; Perisynaptic reticulum ; Neurohaemal secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ursprung und Verlauf der Herznerven bei Sphinx ligustri und Ephestia kuehniella wurden unter Verwendung von Präparationsunterlagen aus Bleiblech rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Herz und Alarmuskeln von Sphinx ligustri wurden mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des caudalen Herzabschnitts im Transmissionselektronenmikroskop untersucht. Die Alarmuskeln bilden eine unvollständige Hülle um das Herz aus überwiegend längs orientierten Fasern, antagonistisch zum Faserverlauf im Herzmuskel. Herz und Alarmuskeln sind multiterminal über die transversalen Segmentalnerven innerviert, deren größte Zweige ein elektronentransparentes und mehrere neurosekretorische Axone enthalten. Verdickungen der Segmentalnerven enthalten möglicherweise Nervenzellen. Laterale Herznerven wurden nicht gefunden. Synaptische Axonendigungen nur eines Typs sind in den Alarmuskeln häufig, im Herzmuskel seltener. Sie werden nur von dem zentralen Axon aus gebildet. Die neuromuskulären Kontaktstellen sind von Gliazellen bedeckt, die über zahlreiche Ausläufer mit der Muskelzelle verzahnt sind und mit ihr ein “perisynaptisches Retikulum” bilden. Die Gliazellausläufer dringen in das T-System bis zu den Z-Banden vor. Exozytose von Neurosekret-Vesikeln in das perisynaptische Interzellularsystem wird angenommen. Neurohämale Abgabeorte finden sich entlang der Nervenäste und in speziellen Nervenendigungen auf der Höhe der Ostien. Der mögliche Einfluß der Innervierung auf die Herzaktivität wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The origin and orientation of the heart nerves in Sphinx ligustri and Ephestia kuehniella were investigated by scanning electron microscopy using a special technique which involved pinning the dissected specimens on a stabilizing metal pad. The heart and alary muscles in Sphinx particularly their caudal extremity were also examined by transmission electron microscopy. The alary muscles form an incomplete sheath around the heart with a mainly longitudinal fibre orientation, e.i. antagonistically to the fibres of the heart itself. The heart and alary muscles are multiterminally innervated by branches of the transverse segmental nerves. All branches contain a single electron lucent axon; the thickest branches also possess several neurosecretory axons. Swellings of the segmental nerves may indicate the position of nerve cell bodies. There are no lateral heart nerves. Only one type of neuromuscular junction is abundant in the alary muscles but less frequently found in the heart. The terminals originate from the central axon only. They are capped by glial cells, which interdigitate with the muscle cells. They penetrate into the T-system toward the Z-discs and form a complex intercellular space system. Exocytosis of dense-cored vesicles into this “perisynaptic reticulum” seems likely. Sites of neurohaemal release are distributed along the nerve branches and special nerve endings occur at the level of the ostia. The possible nervous influence upon heart activity is discussed.
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