ALBERT

Note: CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. - VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE. - LIVING GLACIERS AND THEIR MOTIONS. - HOW GLACIERS SCOUR THEIR VALLEYS. - STRIATED STONES AND BouLDER CLAY. - SEASONALLY BANDED CLAYS. - METAMORPHOSED GLACIAL DEPOSITS. - PART I THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE. - CHAPTER I PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - GENERAL FEATURES. - THE DRIFT. - EXTENT OF PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION. - DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATE DURING THE ICE AGE. - THE CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET. - THE KEEWATIN ICE SHEET. - THE LABRADOREAN ICE SHEET. - CONDITIONS SOUTH OF THE MAIN ICE SHEETS. - INTERGLACIAL PERIODS IN AMERICA. - TORONTO AND MOOSE RIVER INTERGLACIAL FORMATIONS. - GLACIATION IN GREENLAND. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER II THE ICE AGE IN OTHER REGIONS. - GLACIATION IN ICELAND AND SPITZBERGEN. - GLACIATION OF NORTHERN EUROPE. - THE ICE AGE IN THE ALPS. - THE ICE AGE IN ASIA. - THE ICE AGE IN TROPICAL AND SOUTH TEMPERATE LANDS. - GLACIATION IN ANTARCTICA. - THE SLOPE OF THE SURFACE AND THE THICKNESS OF ICE SHEETS. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER Ill RESULTS OF PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION. - GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. - EFFECTS OF GLACIATION ON LIFE. - PLACES OF REFUGE. - LIFE ON NUNATAKS. - EFFECTS OF ICE SHEETS COMBINED WITH BARRIERS. - ICE SHEETS AND ISOSTASY. - DURATION OF THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE. - REFERENCES. - PART II PRE-PLEISTOCENE ICE AGES. - CHAPTER IV CENOZOIC AND MESOZOIC GLACIATION. - PROBABLE TILLITES IN EUROPE. - EOCENE GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - EOCENE GLACIATION IN ANTARCTICA. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE EOCENE COOLING. - MESOZOIC GLACIATION IN CENTRAL AFRICA. - JURASSIC TILLITES IN NORTH AMERICA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER V LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION. - INTRODUCTION. - PERMIAN AND CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN EUROPE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VI PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN INDIA. - THE TALCHIRS. - THE SALT RANGE TILLITES. - A VISIT TO THE TALCHlRS. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS DEPOSITS IN OTHER PARTS OF ASIA. - EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE ASIATIC GLACIATION. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE INDIAN GLACIATION. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VII PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN AFRICA. - INTRODUCTION. - DWYKA TILLITE IN SOUTHERN CAPE COLONY. - THE DWYKA IN NATAL. - THE DWYKA IN TRANSVAAL. - GLACIAL FEATURES NEAR KIMBERLEY. - EXTENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN GLACIATION. - EFFECTS OF GLACIATION ON THE LIFE OF SOUTH AFRICA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VIII LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION IN AUSTRALIA. - GENERAL FEATURES. - A GLIMPSE OF THE AUSTRALIAN GLACIAL BEDS. - SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION IN AUSTRALIA. - EFFECTS OF THE GLACIATION ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN NEW ZEALAND. - POSSIBLE GLACIATION IN THE MALAY STATES. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER IX PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN SOUTH AMERICA. - INTRODUCTION. - GLACIAL BEDS IN SÃO PAULO, SOUTHERN BRAZIL. - TILLITES IN STATES SOUTHWEST OF SÃO PAULO. - SUGGESTION OF TILLITE IN URUGUAY. - GLACIATION IN SOUTHEASTERN ARGENTINA. - TILLITES NEAR SAN JUAN IN WESTERN ARGENTINA. - GLACIAL CONGLOMERATES IN BOLIVIA. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. - AREA AND GENERAL FEATURES OF GLACIATION IN SOUTH AMERICA. - RELATIONS OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA TO GLACIATION. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER X PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - BOULDER CONGLOMERATES IN NOVA SCOTIA. - A POSSIBLE PERMIAN MORAINE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. - THE SQUANTUM TILLITE. - ALASKAN PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS TILLITES. - OTHER POSSIBLE PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS TILLITES. - CORRELATION OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIAL DEPOSITS. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC ICE AGE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XI MIDDLE AND EARLY PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION. - DEVONIAN GLACIATION. - SILURIAN GLACIATION. - ORDOVICIAN GLACIATION IN EUROPE. - THE LIMESTONE CONGLOMERATE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XII GLACIATION AT OR JUST BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE CAMBRIAN. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN EUROFE. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN BOULDER CONGLOMERATES IN NORTH AMERICA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN GLACIATION IN ASIA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN SOUTH AFRICA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN AUSTRALIA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XIII GLACIATION IN HURONIAN AND EARLIER TIMES. - HURONIAN TILLITES. - OTHER TILLITES WHICH MAY BE HURONIAN. - TIMISKAMIAN OR SUDBURIAN BOULDER CONGLOMERATES. - SEASONAL BANDING IN TIMISKAMIAN OR SUDBURIAN ROCKS. - THE DORÉ CONGLOMERATE. - THE DARWAR BOULDER CONGLOMERATE OF INDIA. - CONCLUSIONS. - REFERENCES. - PART Ill CAUSES OF GLACIATION. - INTRODUCTION. - FEATURES THAT HAVE TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR. - TYPES OF THEORIES PROPOSED TO ACCOUNT FOR ICE AGES. - CHAPTER XIV GEOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ICE AGES. - THE SUPPOSED COOLING OF THE EARTH. - THEORIES CONNECTED WITH CHANGES OF LEVEL. - THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION. - THE SUPPOSED DRIFT OF CONTINENTS. - CHANGES IN OCEAN CURRENTS. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XV ATMOSPHERIC AND ASTRONOMIC THEORIES. - ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AS CAUSES OF GLACIATION. - EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE. - EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC DUST. - CROLL'S THEORY OF CHANGES OF EXCENTRICITY IN THE EARTH'S ORBIT. - DRAYSON'S THEORY OF CHANGES OF ANGLE OF THE EARTH'S TO THE ECLIPTIC. - SHIFTING OF THE EARTH'S AXIS. - CHANGES IN THE RADIATION OF THE SUN. - CHANGES IN THE TEMPERATURE OF SPACE. - CONCLUSIONS. - REFERENCES. - INDEX TO AUTHORS. - GENERAL INDEX.

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2024 , Content Preface Acknowledgements Summary Zusammenfassung Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1. Peatlands 1.1.1. Peatland development and peat bog succession 1.1.2. Characteristic peatlands of the northern hemisphere 1.1.3. Anthropogenic threats of northern peatlands 1.1.4. Peat bog restoration 1.2. Peatland bryophytes 1.2.1. Brown mosses 1.2.2. Sphagnum mosses 1.3. Moss microbiota 1.3.1. Moss-associated bacteria 1.3.2. Moss-associated archaea 1.3.3. Endophytic prokaryotic communities 1.4. Biotic and abiotic influences on moss-associated microorganisms 1.5. Objectives 1.6. Study sites 1.6.1. High Arctic peatlands of Svalbard (SV) 1.6.2. Polygonal Tundra of Samoylov (SA) 1.6.3. Palsa Bogs of Neiden (NEI) 1.6.4. Kettle Bog Peatlands of Mueritz National Park (MUE) 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Sampling scheme overview 2.2. Sampling of pore water 2.3. Sampling of moss plantlets 2.4. Analysis of pore water chemistry 2.5. Cell wall analysis 2.5.1. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) 2.5.2. Holocellulose (HC) 2.5.3. Lignin and Lignin-like polymers (LLP) 2.5.4. Bulk moss litter analysis 2.6. Moss surface sterilisation and separation of putative epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities 2.7. DNA extraction and sequencing 2.8. Sequence analyses and bioinformatics 2.9. Statistical analyses 2.10. Potential methane production and oxidation assays 2.10.1. Surface sterilisation prior to activity tests 2.10.2. Methane production 2.10.3. Methane oxidation 3. Results 3.1. Peatland bulk and pore water characteristics 3.2. Diversity and structure of natural peatland microbial communities 3.3. Environmental drivers of moss-associated microbial communities 3.4. Microbial taxa associated with brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses 3.4.1. Moss-associated bacteria 3.4.2. Moss-associated archaea 3.4.3. Bacterial and archaeal core communities 3.4.4. Acetobacteraceae as dominant taxon of the bacterial core community 3.5. Sphagnum bacteriomes of disturbed, rewetted and pristine temperate kettle bog 3.6. Potential moss-associated methane production and methane oxidation rates 3.6.1. Moss-associated methane production 3.6.2. Moss-associated methane oxidation 4. Discussion 4.1. Environmental influences on moss-associated bacterial communities 4.2. Moss-associated archaeal communities and their environmental drivers 4.3. Distinct patterns of endophytic bacteria 4.4. The core microbiota and their possible role for peatland succession 4.5. The potential role of Acetobacteraceae for Sphagnum host mosses and bog ecosystems 4.6. Moss-associated microbial communities of the methane cycle and their potential metabolic activity 4.7. Diversity and structure of Sphagnum bacteriomes from pristine, disturbed and rewetted kettle bogs 5. Conclusion 6. Critical remarks and outlook 6.1. Critical remarks 6.2. Outlook Bibliography Supplementary

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2024 , 1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Wissenschaftlicher Beitrag der Arbeit 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Geodätische Bezugssysteme 2.1.1 Geometrische Bezugssysteme 2.1.2 Physikalische Höhenbezugssysteme 2.2 Bodenbewegungen 2.2.1 Ursachen von Bewegungsvorgängen 2.2.2 Bisherige Untersuchungen in Niedersachsen 2.3 Messverfahren zur Erfassung von Bodenbewegungen 2.3.1 Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS 2.3.2 Geometrisches Nivellement 2.3.3 Radarinterferometrie 2.4 Prozesskette zur flächenhaften Modellierung von Bodenbewegungen 2.4.1 Anforderungen 2.4.2 Konzeption 2.4.3 Datenanalyse unterschiedlicher Messverfahren 2.4.4 Flächenhafte Modellierung 2.5 Ausgewählte Bodenbewegungsdienste 2.6 Mathematische Grundlagen 2.6.1 Stochastische Prozesse 2.6.2 Parameterschätzung im Gauß-Markov-Modell 3 Fortgeschrittene Modellansätze zur Beschreibung von Bodenbewegungen 3.1 Bewegungsmodellierung von Objektpunkten 3.1.1 Modellkonfiguration 3.1.2 Analyse periodischer Bewegungsanteile 3.2 Räumliche Ausreißeranalyse 3.3 Multilevel B-Splines zur flächenhaften Bewegungsmodellierung 3.3.1 B-Spline Approximation 3.3.2 Multilevel B-Spline Approximation 3.4 Geostatistik zur flächenhaften Bewegungsmodellierung 3.4.1 Experimentelles Variogramm 3.4.2 Theoretisches Variogramm 3.4.3 Ordinary Kriging 3.4.4 Regressions-Kriging 3.5 Modellvalidierung 3.5.1 Kreuzvalidierung 3.5.2 Jackknife 3.5.3 Bootstrapping 4 Kinematische Bewegungsanalyse von Objektpunkten 4.1 Analyse von GNSS-Daten 4.1.1 Prozesskette für das Koordinatenmonitoring des Referenzstationsnetzes 4.1.2 Datengrundlage 4.1.3 Ausreißerfilterung 4.1.4 Zeitreihenanalyse 4.1.5 Berechnung von 3D-Geschwindigkeiten 4.1.6 Interpretation und Wertung 4.2 Analyse von Nivellementdaten 4.2.1 Modellansatz der kinematischen Höhenausgleichung 4.2.2 Datengrundlage 4.2.3 Datenaufbereitung 4.2.4 Berechnung von Vertikalgeschwindigkeiten 4.2.5 Interpretation und Wertung 4.3 Analyse von PSI-Daten 4.3.1 Datengrundlage 4.3.2 Zeitreihenanalyse 4.3.3 Berechnung von LOS-Geschwindigkeiten 4.3.4 Räumliche Ausreißerfilterung 4.3.5 Interpretation und Wertung 5 Flächenhafte Modellierung von PSI-Daten 5.1 Multilevel B-Spline Approximation 5.1.1 Modellkonfiguration 5.1.2 Flächenhaftes Bewegungsmodell 5.2 Ordinary Kriging 5.2.1 Räumliche Strukturanalyse 5.2.2 Flächenhaftes Bewegungsmodell 5.3.1 Trendmodell 5.3.2 Signalmodell 5.3.3 Flächenhaftes Bewegungsmodell 5.4 Vergleich der Modellansätze 6 Berechnung eines niedersächsischen Bodenbewegungsmodells 6.1 Aufnahmegeometrie von Radarsatelliten 6.2 Geodätische Modellkalibrierung 6.2.1 Bestimmung von Korrektionswerten 6.2.2 Flächenhaftes Korrektionsmodell 6.2.3 Kalibriertes Bewegungsmodell 6.3 Trennung der Bodenbewegungskomponenten 6.3.1 Methodik 6.3.2 Flächenhafte Vertikalbewegungen 6.3.3 Flächenhafte Horizontalbewegungen 6.3.4 Interpretation und Wertung 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 7.1 Zusammenfassung 7.2 Ausblick Inhaltsverzeichnis Anhang A Kinematische Bewegungsanalyse von Objektpunkten A.1 Analyse von GNSS-Daten A.2 Analyse von Nivellementdaten A.3 Analyse von PSI-Daten B Flächenhafte Modellierung von PSI-Daten B.1 Multilevel B-Spline Approximation B.2 Ordinary Kriging B.3 Regressions-Kriging B.4 Vergleich der Modellansätze C Berechnung eines niedersächsischen Bodenbewegungsmodells C.1 Geodätische Modellkalibrierung C.2 Trennung der Bodenbewegungskomponenten Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Danksagung Lebenslauf

Note: Long problems -- Why long problems are hard to govern -- Forward action : addressing the early action paradox -- The long view : addressing shadow interests -- Endurance and adaptability : addressing institutional lag -- Studying long problems -- Governing time.

Note: Part 1: Recycling in context Chapter 1: Introduction Abstract 1.1: The Challenges 1.2: The Role of Materials in Society 1.3: From Linear to Circular Economy 1.4: Recycling in the Circular Economy 1.5: The Book References Chapter 2: The fundamental limits of circularity quantified by digital twinning Abstract 2.1: Introduction 2.2: A Product and Material Focus on Recycling Within the CE 2.3: Digital Twinning of the CE System: Understanding the Opportunities and Limits 2.4: Opportunities and Challenges References Chapter 3: Maps of the physical economy to inform sustainability strategies Abstract Acknowledgments 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Dimensions of MFA 3.3: Components for Monitoring the Physical Economy 3.4: Application of the Framework: Maps of the Aluminum Cycle 3.5: Recommendations References Chapter 4: Material efficiency—Squaring the circular economy: Recycling within a hierarchy of material management strategies Abstract 4.1: Is a Circular Economy Possible or Desirable? 4.2: Hierarchies of Material Conservation 4.3: When Is Recycling Not the Answer? 4.4: Discussion References Chapter 5: Material and product-centric recycling: design for recycling rules and digital methods Abstract Acknowledgements 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Recyclability Index and Ecolabeling of Products 5.3: DfR Rules and Guidelines 5.4: Product-Centric Recycling 5.5: Examples of Recycling System Simulation 5.6: Summary 5.7: Future Challenges References Additional Reading Chapter 6: Developments in collection of municipal waste Abstract 6.1: Introduction 6.2: Definitions and Models 6.3: A Global Picture of SWM 6.4: Collection and Recovery Systems 6.5: Future Developments 6.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 7: The path to inclusive recycling: Developing countries and the informal sector Abstract 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Definition and Links With the Formal Sector 7.3: Informal Waste Tire Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities 7.4: Approaches Towards Inclusive Recycling 7.5: Policies and Standardization Developments for Inclusive Recycling 7.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Part 2: Recycling from a product perspective Chapter 8: Physical separation Abstract 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Properties and Property Spaces 8.3: Breakage 8.4: Particle Size Classification 8.5: Gravity Separation 8.6: Flotation 8.7: Magnetic Separation 8.8: Eddy Current Separation 8.9: Electrostatic Separation 8.10: Sorting 8.11: Conclusion References Chapter 9: Sensor-based sorting Abstract 9.1: Mechanical Treatment of Waste 9.2: Principle of Sensor-Based Sorting 9.3: Requirements for Optimal Sorting Results 9.4: Available Sensors 9.5: Application of Different Sensors in Recycling 9.6: Recent Developments 9.7: Outlook References Chapter 10: Mixed bulky waste Abstract 10.1: Introduction 10.2: The Circular Process for Mixed Bulky Waste 10.3: Conditions for Economically Viable Sorting 10.4: Sorting of Mixed Bulky Waste 10.5: Sorting Process 10.6: Recycling Efficiency 10.7: Conclusion and Outlook Reference Chapter 11: Packaging Abstract 11.1: Introduction 11.2: Packaging Waste 11.3: Composition 11.4: Recovery and Recycling 11.5: Collection and Recovery Schemes 11.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 12: End-of-life vehicles Abstract 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Vehicle Composition 12.3: Recycling Chain 12.4: Recycling of Automotive parts 12.5: Recycling of Automotive Fluids 12.6: Automotive Shredder Residue 12.7: Future Developments and Outlook 12.8: Conclusions References Further Reading Chapter 13: Electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Abstract 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Waste Characterization 13.3: Recycling Chain and Technologies 13.4: Future Developments 13.5: Conclusions References Chapter 14: Photovoltaic and wind energy equipment Abstract 14.1: Introduction 14.2: Wind Turbines 14.3: Photovoltaic Modules 14.4: Wind Turbine Recycling 14.5: PV Recycling 14.6: Future Developments 14.7: Key Issues and Challenges 14.8: Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 15: Buildings Abstract 15.1: The Why: Buildings and Circularity 15.2: The How and Who: A Framework 15.3: The When: Shearing Layers 15.4: The What: Materials in Buildings 15.5: Improving Data on Materials 15.6: The How, Who, When, and What 15.7: Outlook References Chapter 16: Construction and demolition waste Abstract Acknowledgments 16.1: Introduction 16.2: C&D Waste Use 16.3: Recycling 16.4: Recycling Technologies and Practice 16.5: Future Developments 16.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 17: Industrial by-products Abstract 17.1: Waste, By-product, or Product? 17.2: Major By-products 17.3: Where and How to Use By-products 17.4: Technical and Environmental Requirements 17.5: Sustainability Aspects 17.6: Conclusions, Challenges, and Outlook References Chapter 18: Mine tailings Abstract 18.1: Introduction 18.2: Future Opportunities for Tailings Management 18.3: Main Drivers for Change 18.4: Emerging Technologies 18.5: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Part 3: Recycling from a material perspective Chapter 19: Steel Abstract 19.1: Introduction 19.2: Use Phase and Recycling Examples 19.3: Classification of Steel Scrap 19.4: Requirements for Scrap 19.5: Treatment Process 19.6: Steel Scrap Smelting Process 19.7: Steel 19.8: Alloy or Tramp Elements? 19.9: Purification of Scrap 19.10: Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 20: Aluminum Abstract 20.1: Introduction 20.2: Alloys and Their Recycling 20.3: Melt Loss 20.4: Used Beverage Can (UBC) Recycling 20.5: Wheel Recycling 20.6: Dross Processing 20.7: Purification and Refining 20.8: Future Trends and Challenges References Chapter 21: Copper Abstract 21.1: Sources of Copper Scrap 21.2: Smelting and Refining of Copper Scrap 21.3: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 22: Lead Abstract 22.1: Introduction 22.2: Material Use 22.3: The Lead-Acid Battery 22.4: Recycling Technologies 22.5: Future Developments 22.6: Key Issues and Challenges References Chapter 23: Zinc Abstract 23.1: Introduction 23.2: Recycling Technologies 23.3: Key Issues and Challenges References Chapter 24: Ferroalloy elements Abstract 24.1: Introduction 24.2: Use and Recycling 24.3: Recycling of Residues 24.4: Conclusion References Chapter 25: Precious and technology metals Abstract 25.1: Introduction 25.2: Applications 25.3: Scrap Types and Quantities 25.4: Recycling Technologies 25.5: Future Challenges 25.6: Conclusions and Outlook Further reading References Chapter 26: Concrete and aggregates Abstract Acknowledgment 26.1: Introduction 26.2: Waste Flows 26.3: Recovery Rates 26.4: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Applications 26.5: Concrete Recycling Technologies 26.6: Future Developments 26.7: Conclusion References Chapter 27: Cementitious binders incorporating residues Abstract 27.1: Introduction 27.2: Clinker Production: Process, and Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials 27.3: From Clinker to Cement: Residues in Blended Cements 27.4: Alternative Cements With Lower Environmental Footprint 27.5: Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 28: Glass Abstract 28.1: Introduction 28.2: Types of Glass 28.3: Manufacturing 28.4: Recovery for Reuse and Recycling 28.5: Reuse 28.6: Closed-Loop Recycling 28.7: Open-Loop Recycling 28.8: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 29: Lumber Abstract 29.1: Introduction 29.2: Wood Material Uses 29.3: Postuse Wood Recovery for Recycling 29.4: Postuse Wood Recycling 29.5: Case Study Scenarios 29.6: Future Developments 29.7: Concluding Remarks References Chapter 30: Paper Abstract 30.1: Introduction 30.2: Collection and Utilization 30.3: Collection and Sorting Systems 30.4: Stock Preparation 30.5: Key Issues and Future Challenges References Further Reading Chapter 31: Plastic recycling Abstract 31.1: Introduction 31.2: Use 31.3: Recycling 31.4: Mechanical Recycling 31.5: Chemical Recycling 31.6: Impact of Recycling 31.7: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 32: Black rubber products Abstract 32.1: Introduction 32.2: Mechanical Rubber Go

Note: Contents Preface Contributors PART I AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIVERSITY OF BACTERIOPHAGES 1 Structural and Genomic Diversity of Bacteriophages / Bert Ely, Jacob Lenski, and Tannaz Mohammadi 2 The Diversity of Bacteriophages in the Human Gut / Amanda Carroll-Portillo, Derek M. Lin, and Henry C. Lin 3 Breaking the Ice: A Review of Phages in Polar Ecosystems / Mara Elena Heinrichs, Gonçalo J. Piedade, Ovidiu Popa, Pacifica Sommers, Gareth Trubl, Julia Weissenbach, and Janina Rahlff 4 The Diversity of Bacteriophages in Hot Springs / Timothy J. Marks and Isabella R. Rowland PART II ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES 5 Isolation of Bacteriophages from Soil Samples in a Poorly Equipped Field Laboratory in Kruger National Park / Ayesha Hassim and Kgaugelo Edward Lekota 6 Purification and Up-Concentration of Bacteriophages and Viruses from Fecal Samples / Frej Larsen, Rasmus Riemer Jakobsen, Xiaotian Mao, Josue Castro-Mejia, Ling Deng, and Dennis S. Nielsen 7 Isolation of Enterococcus Bacteriophages from Municipal Wastewater Samples Using an Enrichment Step / Cory Schwarz and Jacques Mathieu 8 Phage DNA Extraction, Genome Assembly, and Genome Closure / Justin Boeckman, Mei Liu, Jolene Ramsey, and Jason Gill PART III ENUMERATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES 9 Enumeration of Bacteriophages by Plaque Assay / Diana Elizabeth Waturangi 10 Detection and Quantification of Bacteriophages in Wastewater Samples by Culture and Molecular Methods/ Laura Sala-Comorera, Maite Muniesa, and Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio 11 Flow Virometry: A Fluorescence-Based Approach to Enumerate Bacteriophages in Liquid Samples / Elena A. Dlusskaya and Rafik Dey 12 A Metagenomics Approach to Enumerate Bacteriophages in a Food Niche / Kelsey White, Giovanni Eraclio, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Marco Ventura, Jennifer Mahony, Fabio Dal Bello, and Douwe van Sinderen PART IV CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES 13 Bioinformatic Analysis of Staphylococcus Phages: A Key Step for Safe Cocktail Development / Soledad Telma Carrasco and He´ctor Ricardo Morbidoni 14 Use of Localized Reconstruction to Visualize the Shigella Phage Sf6 Tail Apparatus / Chun-Feng David Hou, Fenglin Li, Stephano Iglesias, and Gino Cingolani 15 Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and Coevolution / Diana M. Álvarez-Espejo, Dácil Rivera, and Andrea I. Moreno-Switt 16 Unraveling Physical Interactions of Clostridioides difficile with Phage and Phage-Derived Proteins Using In Vitro and Whole-Cell Assays / Wichuda Phothichaisri, Tanaporn Phetruen, Surang Chankhamhaengdecha, Tavan Janvilisri, Puey Ounjai, Robert P. Fagan, and Sittinan Chanarat 17 Phage Transduction of Staphylococcus aureus / Melissa-Jane Chu Yuan Kee and John Chen PART V APPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AND BACTERIOPHAGE-DERIVED COMPONENTS 18 The Next Generation of Drug Delivery: Harnessing the Power of Bacteriophages / Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Mohammad B. M. Aljbaly, Mohammad A. Obeid, Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi, and Murtaza M. Tambuwala 19 Construction of Nonnatural Cysteine-Cross-Linked Phage Libraries / Brittney Chau, Kristi Liivak, and Jianmin Gao 20 Application of Deep Sequencing in Phage Display / Vincent Van Deuren, Sander Plessers, Rob Lavigne, and Johan Robben 21 The Application of Bacteriophage and Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry in Bacterial Identification / Robert H. Edgar, Anie-Pier Samson, and John A. Viator 22 Propagation, Purification, and Characterization of Bacteriophages for Phage Therapy / Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, Gracja Topka, Jagoda Mantej, Łukasz Grabowski, Agnieszka Necel, Grzegorz Węgrzyn, and Alicja Węgrzyn 23 Overcoming Bacteriophage Resistance in Phage Therapy / Elina Laanto 24 Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particles: Platforms for Vaccine Design / Ebenezer Tumban Index

Note: Zugl.: Marburg (Lahn), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2004 u.d.T.: Gutmann, Mathias: Die Medialität des Erfahrens

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Contents List of Contributors Preface Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Ocean Soundscape 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Seismic Waves 1.2.1 Body Waves 1.2.2 Surface Waves 1.3 Noise Sources in the Oceans 1.3.1 Noise from Geological Origins (Geophony) 1.3.2 Noise from Biological Origins (Biophony) 1.3.3 Noise from Anthropogenic Origins (Anthrophony) 1.4 Tools for Recording Marine Noise 1.4.1 Ocean-Bottom Seismometers 1.4.2 Ocean-Bottom Nodes 1.4.3 Ocean-Bottom Observatories 1.4.4 Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers 1.4.5 Echosounders 1.4.6 Drifters and Floats 1.5 Common Data-Processing Methods 1.5.1 Time-Drift Correction 1.5.2 Data Reduction 1.5.3 Instrument Relocation through Travel-Time Analysis 1.5.4 Rotation for Geophone Reorientation 1.5.5 Converting from Counts to Physical Units 1.5.6 Removing the Mean from the Data Set 1.5.7 Frequency Spectrum, Spectrogram, and Power Spectral Density 1.5.8 Frequency Filtering 1.5.9 Polarization Analysis 1.6 Summary of Chapters 1.7 Future Developments of Acoustic Measurements in the Ocean References Chapter 2 Seismic Ambient Noise: Application to Taiwanese Data 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Background Ambient Seismic Noise in Taiwan 2.3 Ambient Seismic Noise Generated by Intense Storms 2.4 Deepsea Internal Waves Southeast of Offshore Taiwan 2.5 Gas Emissions at the Seafloor and "Bubble" SDEs in SW Offshore Taiwan 2.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 3 Seasonal and Geographical Variations in the Quantified Relationship Between Significant Wave Heights and Microseisms: An Example From Taiwan 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Method and Data Processing 3.2.1 Data 3.2.2 Method 3.3 Testing and Determining Parameters 3.4 Results and Discussion 3.4.1 Seasonal Variation 3.4.2 Geographical Variation 3.4.3 Residual Distributions of the SHW Simulation 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments References Chapter 4 Listening for Diverse Signals From Emergent and Submarine Volcanoes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Detection and Monitoring of Submarine Volcanism 4.2.1 Hydroacoustic Arrays 4.2.2 Seismometer Arrays 4.2.3 Cabled Systems 4.2.4 Limitations in Detecting Submarine Volcanism 4.3 Diverse Volcano Signals Recorded Underwater 4.3.1 Distinguishing Signal from Noise in the Ocean 4.3.2 High-Frequency Volcanic Signals 4.3.3 Low-Frequency Volcanic Signals 4.3.4 Volcanic Tremor Signals 4.3.5 Volcanic Explosion-Type Signals 4.3.6 Volcanic Landslide Signals 4.4 Conclusions Availability Statement Acknowledgments References Chapter 5 Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring of Submarine Landslides: Ongoing Challenges, Recent Successes, and Future Opportunities 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Recent Advances in Direct Monitoring of Submarine Landslides 5.1.2 Aims 5.2 Passive Geophysical Monitoring of Terrestrial Landslides 5.3 Which Aspects of Submarine Landslides Should We Be Able to Detect with Passive Systems? 5.4 Recent Advances and Opportunities in Passive Monitoring of Submarine Landslides 5.4.1 Determining the Timing and Location of Submarine Landslides at a Margin Scale Using Land-Based Seismological Networks 5.4.2 Quantifying Landslide Kinematics Using Hydrophones 5.4.3 Characterizing Landslide Run-Out to Enhance Hazard Assessments 5.4.4 Opportunities Using Distributed Cable-Based Sensing 5.5 The Application of Passive Geophysical Monitoring in Advancing Submarine Landslide Science 5.5.1 Can Passive Seismic and Acoustic Techniques Overcome the Logistical Challenges That Have Previously Hindered the Monitoring of Submarine Landslides? 5.5.2 What Aspects of Submarine Landslides Can We Assess from Passive Remote Sensing Techniques, and What Needs To Be Resolved? 5.5.3 Suggestions for Future Directions 5.6 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References Chapter 6 Iceberg Noise 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Waveforms of Iceberg Noise 6.2.1 Iceberg Bursts 6.2.2 Iceberg Tremor 6.2.3 Iceberg Harmonic Tremor 6.3 Observation and Location of Iceberg Noise 6.3.1 Hydroacoustic Records at Long Distances 6.3.2 Records of Regional Hydroacoustic Networks 6.3.3 Seismic Records in Antarctica 6.4 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Iceberg Noise 6.5 Source Mechanisms of Iceberg Noise 6.6 Discussion 6.7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 7 The Sound of Hydrothermal Vents 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Theory of Sound Production by Hydrothermal Vents 7.2.1 Radiation Efficiency 7.2.2 Monopole 7.2.3 Dipole 7.2.4 Quadrupole 7.2.5 Estimated Source Sound Pressure Levels 7.2.6 Estimated Source Spectra 7.3 Survey of Acoustic Measurements 7.3.1 Very Low Frequency (〈 10 Hz) 7.3.2 Narrowband 7.3.3 Broadband 7.3.4 Tidal Variability 7.3.5 Summary of Acoustic Measurements 7.4 Other Sources of Ambient Noise 7.4.1 Microseisms 7.4.2 Local and Teleseismic Events 7.4.3 Biological Sources 7.4.4 Anthropogenic Sources 7.5 Measurement and Analysis Considerations 7.5.1 Flow Noise and Coupled Vibration 7.5.2 Sound Speed in Hydrothermal Fluid 7.5.3 Near Field vs Far Field 7.5.4 Hydrophone Array Measurements 7.6 Conclusion Nomenclature References Chapter 8 Atypical Signals: Characteristics and Sources of Short-Duration Events 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Signal Characteristics 8.3 Worldwide Distribution of SDEs 8.4 Observations and Studies Advancing SDE Understanding 8.4.1 Observations from Different Types of Ocean Bottom Instruments 8.4.2 Continuous Long-Term, Multidisciplinary Monitoring of Gas Emissions 8.4.3 Correlation with Acoustic Monitoring of Gas Emissions 8.4.4 Correlation with Earthquakes 8.4.5 Correlation with Tides 8.4.6 Controlled in situ and Laboratory Experiments 8.5 Discussion of SDE Potential Sources 8.5.1 Biological Origin 8.5.2 Action of Ocean/Sea Currents 8.5.3 Fluids in Near-Surface Sediments 8.5.4 Low-Magnitude Seismicity 8.5.5 Source Modeling 8.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 9 Short-Duration Events Associated With Active Seabed Methane Venting: Scanner Pockmark, North Sea 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Scanner Pockmark Complex 9.3 CHIMNEY Seismic Experiment 9.4 Methods 9.5 Results 9.6 Discussion 9.6.1 Characteristics of SDEs 9.6.2 Spatial Distribution of SDEs 9.6.3 Negative Correlation with the Tide 9.6.4 Efficiency of SDE Detection 9.7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 10 Ambient Bubble Acoustics: Seep, Rain, and Wave Noise 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Bubbles as Acoustic Sources 10.2.1 The Injection of a Gas Bubble 10.2.2 Bubbles as Simple Harmonic Oscillators 10.2.3 Minnaert Frequency 10.3 Subsurface Gas Release 10.3.1 Gas-Seep Acoustics 10.4 Rainfall Acoustics 10.5 Acoustics of Breaking Waves 10.6 Conclusion Further Reading Appendix Symbology References Chapter 11 Baleen Whale Vocalizations 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Marine Mammal Classification 11.2 Physical Description of Sound and Its Conventions 11.2.1 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) 11.2.2 Source Level (SL) 11.2.3 Whale-Sound Analysis 11.3 Marine Mammal Vocalizations 11.3.1 Sirenia and Carnivora 11.3.2 Toothed Whales 11.3.3 Baleen Whales 11.4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 12 Tracking and Monitoring Fin Whales Offshore Northwest Spain Using Passive Acoustic Methods 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Passive Acoustic Monitoring 12.1.2 Fin Whale Vocalizations 12.1.3 Data Available for This Study 12.2 Methods 12.2.1 Call Detection 12.2.2 Delay Estimation 12.2.3 Localization and Tracking 12.2.4 Kalman Filter 12.3 Results 12.3.1 Detections 12.3.2 Localization 12.3.3 Tracking 12.4 Discussion 12.5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 13 Noise From Marine Traffic 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Underwater Radiated Noise 13.2.1 Sources of Shipping Noise 13.2.2 Measuring Radiated Noise 13.2.3 Modeling Underwater Radiated Noise 13.3 Noise Mapping 13.3.1 Modeling Shipping Contributions 13.3.2 Source Properties 13.3.3 Acoustic Propagation 13.3.4 Noise-Mapping Applications 13.4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 14 Tracking Multiple Underwater Vessels With Passive Sonar Using Beamforming and a Trajectory PHD Filter 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Narrow-Band Signal Model 14.3 Detection via Beamforming and CA-CFAR 14.3.1 CBF 14.3.2 CA-CFAR 14.4 T

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2024 , 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation and problem statemen 1.2 Research objectives and key hypotheses 1.3 Structure of the thesis 2 Theoretical background 2.1 Visual communication with maps 2.2 Route choice factors 2.3 Cartographic symbolization 2.3.1 Visual variables 2.3.1.1 Levels of organization of visual variables 2.3.1.2 ‘Original visual variables’ as proposed by Bertin 2.3.1.3 Visual variable additions 2.3.1.4 Experimental visual variables 2.3.1.5 Conjunctions of visual variables 2.3.1.6 Dynamic visual variables 2.3.2 Cartographic design tools 2.3.3 Visual metaphor 2.3.4 Cartographic generalization and map abstraction 2.3.4.1 Insights from cognitive mapping research 2.3.4.2 Elementary processes of cartographic generalization 2.3.4.3 Cartographic generalization algorithms 2.4 Nudging 2.5 Maps and emotions 2.5.1 Classifying emotions 2.5.2 Instruments for measuring emotions 2.6 Map-related usability testing 2.6.1 Types of user study designs 2.6.2 Statistical analysis of user survey results 2.6.2.1 Descriptive statistics 2.6.2.2 Basic statistical tests and models 2.6.2.3 Sophisticated statistical models for non-parametric data 2.6.2.4 Statistical significance 2.6.2.5 Main effect and post-hoc tests 2.6.2.6 Effect sizes 2.6.2.7 Inter-rater reliability 2.6.2.8 Software for statistical analysis 3 Related work 3.1 Visual route communication using visual variables 3.2 Cartographic generalization for route map communication 3.3 Map-based visualization of environmental hazards 3.4 The role of emotions in map-based communication 3.5 Research gap addressed in this thesis 4 Framework and data preprocessing 4.1 Research framework 4.2 Scenarios 4.2.1 Traffic 4.2.2 Air quality 4.3 Routing 4.3.1 Data basis for route calculation 4.3.2 Calculation of favorable routes 4.3.3 Routing results 5 Visualization concepts for designing ‘social’ route maps 5.1 Map symbols 5.2 Data-based calculation of graphical differences in symbolization 5.3 Visually modified geometry 5.3.1 Line distortion and simplification 5.3.1.1 Line distortion 5.3.1.2 Line simplification 5.3.1.3 Combined approach 5.3.1.4 Topological issues and further adaptions 5.3.2 Length distortion using PUSH 5.3.3 Application to discrete areas: Geometric deformation of risk zones 5.4 Examples of route map design variants 5.4.1 Design variants for symbolizing route favorability 5.4.2 Application of the methodology to discrete objects 6 Usability evaluation of proposed route map design variants 6.1 User study 1: Subjective usability – Attractiveness, intuitiveness and suitability of design variants 6.1.1 Sub-hypotheses 6.1.2 Study design 6.1.3 Participants 6.1.4 Results – Intuitiveness and suitability 6.1.5 Results – Attractiveness 6.1.6 Discussion and conclusion – User study 1 6.2 User study 2: Objective usability – Effectiveness of line objects for influencing route choice in the traffic scenario 6.2.1 Common design specifications in user study 2 and user study 3 6.2.2 Sub-hypotheses 6.2.3 Route maps 6.2.4 Design variants 6.2.5 Calculation of graphical differences among design variants and modification intensities 6.2.6 Study design 6.2.7 Participants 6.2.8 Results – User study 2 6.2.8.1 Influencing route choice 6.2.8.2 Decision time 6.2.8.3 Route characteristics 6.2.8.4 Map use habits 6.2.9 Discussion – User study 2 6.2.9.1 Effectiveness for influencing route choice behavior 6.2.9.2 The role of time during decision making 6.2.9.3 Relations between route choice and route characteristics 6.2.9.4 Transferability of the findings to real world applications 6.2.10 Conclusion – User study 2 6.2.11 Modification of line objects using dynamic visual variables 6.3 User study 3: Objective usability – The impact of visual communication and emotions on route choice decision making using modification of line and area objects 6.3.1 Sub-hypotheses 6.3.2 Route maps 6.3.3 Design variants 6.3.3.1 Line modifications 6.3.3.2 Area modifications 6.3.3.3 Line + area modifications 6.3.4 Study design 6.3.5 Participants 6.3.6 Results – User study 3 6.3.6.1 H1: Shift towards choosing the societally favorable route 6.3.6.2 H2: Scenario-dependent willingness to adapt route choice behavior 6.3.6.3 H3: Scenario-dependent effectiveness of symbolization dimensions 6.3.6.4 H4: Influence of combining multiple visual variables in one representation 6.3.6.5 H5: Emotional responses to map symbols 6.3.6.6 H6: Effect of emotions on route choice decision making 6.3.6.7 Helpfulness of map visualizations 6.3.6.8 Route choice strategies 6.3.6.9 Text-based sentiment analysis 6.3.6.10 Suitability of visualizations 6.3.6.11 Further factors influencing route choice 6.3.7 Discussion – User study 3 6.3.7.1 Influence of different design variants on route choice 6.3.7.2 The effect of emotions on route choice 6.3.7.3 Limitations of the study design 6.3.7.4 Outlook 6.3.8 Conclusion – User study 3 7 Interactive web-based visualization of route maps 7.1 Application architecture 7.2 User interface and functionalities 7.3 User assessment to usability of the application 7.4 Usability test – Results 7.5 Limitations and future adaptions 8 Implications of the findings 8.1 Agreement with key hypotheses 8.2 Assessment regarding successful design variants for influencing route choice towards a societally favorable route 8.3 Limitations and challenges 8.4 Suggestions for future research 8.5 Summary and contribution of the dissertation Appendix Bibliography Curriculum vitae Acknowledgments

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2024 , Abkürzungsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Zielsetzung 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Stand der Technik im Bereich der Vermessung von Schienenanlagen der Intralogistik 2.1 Elemente von Schienenanlagen der Intralogistik 2.1.1 Schienen und Profilstähle 2.1.2 Schienenlagerungssysteme 2.1.3 Schienenstöße, Festpunkte, Endbegrenzer, An- und Einbauten 2.1.4 Schienengebundene Krane 2.2 Rechtlicher Rahmen, Richtlinien und klassische Zustandsgrößen 2.2.1 Rechtlicher Rahmen 2.2.2 Richtlinien 2.2.3 Klassische Zustandsgrößen 2.2.4 Kritische Betrachtung 2.3 Vermessung von Schienenanlagen der Intralogistik 2.3.1 Koordinatensystem 2.3.2 Vermessung mit Theodolit, Bandmaß und Nivellier 2.3.3 Alignierverfahren mit Laser 2.3.4 Vermessung mit Tachymeter oder Lasertracker 2.3.5 Automatisierte Systeme mit georeferenzierendem Sensor 3 Grundlagen zur Bestimmung der geometrischen Zustandsgrößen von Profilen 3.1 Rekursive Filterung im Zustandsraum 3.1.1 Wahrscheinlichkeiten, Satz von Bayes, Verteilungen 3.1.2 Bayes Filter 3.1.3 Kalman Filter 3.1.4 Extended Kalman Filter 3.1.5 Unscented Kalman Filter 3.1.6 Unscented Rauch Tung Striebel Smoother 3.1.7 Fazit 3.2 Geometrische Modellierung von Kurven 3.2.1 Polynome 3.2.2 Splines 3.2.3 B-Splines 4 Profilvermessungssystem 4.1 Neue Zustandsgrößen 4.2 Sensorik 4.2.1 Georeferenzierender Sensor 4.2.2 Profillaserscanner 4.2.3 Kameras 4.2.4 Inklinometer 4.2.5 Inertiale Messeinheit 4.2.6 Encoder 4.2.7 Ultraschallsensoren 4.2.8 Sensorintegration 4.3 Profilvermessungssystem 4.3.1 Plattform 4.3.2 Antriebseinheit 4.3.3 Seitenführung 4.3.4 Schwingen 4.3.5 Halterung Sensorik 4.3.6 Drehvorrichtung für Reflektor 4.4 Erreichbare Messunsicherheiten 4.5 Datensynchronisierung und Datenhaltungskonzept 4.5.1 Anforderung an die Synchronisierung 4.5.2 Synchronisierung über die Zeit 4.5.3 Synchronisierung im Objektraum 4.5.4 Datenhaltungskonzept 4.6 Kalibrierung 4.6.1 Komponentenkalibrierung 4.6.2 Systemkalibrierung 5 Zustandsgrößen einer überarbeiteten VDI 3576 5.1 Messdatenerfassung und -aufbereitung 5.1.1 Messdatenerfassung 5.1.2 Orientierungsparameter aus Positionsdaten 5.1.3 Aufbereitung der Lasertracker- oder Tachymeterdaten 5.1.4 Korrektur der Beschleunigungswerte von der Erdschwere 5.1.5 Korrektur der Inklinometermesswerte von Beschleunigungseinflüsse 5.1.6 Korrektur der Längs- und Querablage 5.2 Sensorfusion für die Georeferenzierung des Profilmesswagens 5.2.1 Quaternionen 5.2.2 Adaptive Filterung der Inertial Measurment Unit (IMU)-Messwerte 5.2.3 Funktionales Modell 5.2.4 Stochastisches Modell 5.2.5 Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit der Filterung 6 Testmessung und Validierung des kinematischen Multisensorsystems 6.1 Durchführung einer kinematischen Schienenmessung mit dem Profilvermessungssystem 6.2 Qualitätssicherung des Messprozesses 6.3 Messkampagne I: Messung unter Laborbedingungen 6.3.1 Auswertung 6.3.2 Einfacher Ansatz zum Finden weiterer Zustandsgrößen 6.3.3 Zusammenfassung 6.4 Messkampagne II: Messung unter realen Bedingungen 6.4.1 Messumgebung 6.4.2 Messkonzept und Netzplanung 6.4.3 Ergebnisse und Bewertung der Netzmessung 6.5 Qualitätsaussagen zu dem Profilvermessungssystem 6.5.1 Bewertung der Kalibrierparameter 6.5.2 Einordnung der Ergebnisse der referenzierten Scanprofile 6.5.3 Validierung der referenzierten Profile 6.5.4 Extraktion der praktischen Schienenachspunkte aus den 3D Punktwolken 6.5.5 Zustandsgrößen nach der VDI 3576:2011-03 6.5.6 Kameraufnahmen 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 7.1 Zusammenfassung 7.2 Beurteilung 7.3 Ausblick A Ergänzendes Material A.1 Soll-Ist Vergleich von dem 3D CAD Modell des Kalibrierkörpers und dem mit der Leica T-Scan gescannten 3D Druck A.2 Abtastrate der Sensoren A.3 Ablaufschema für eine Messung mit dem kinematischen Profilvermessungssystem Messsystem A.4 Ergebnisse der Filterung aller Sensordaten. Messkampagne I, 1. Messfahrt (Labor) A.5 Innovationen nach Sensor getrennt. Messkampagne I, 1. Messfahrt (Labor) Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis

Note: Griffiths, J. S. and Law, R. D. Introduction to SP519 – volcanic islands: from hazard assessment to risk mitigation Multidisciplinary approaches to understanding volcanic islands Della Seta, M., Esposito, C., Fiorucci, M., Marmoni, G. M., Martino, S., Sottili, G., Belviso, P., Carandente, A., de Vita, S., Marotta, E. and Peluso, R. Thermal monitoring to infer possible interactions between shallow hydrothermal system and slope-scale gravitational deformation of Mt Epomeo (Ischia Island, Italy) Marotta, E., Berrino, G., de Vita, S., Di Vito, M. and Camacho, A. G. Structural setting of the Ischia resurgent caldera (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) by integrated 3D gravity inversion and geological models Tramelli, A., Orazi, M., Nardone, L., Bobbio, A., Benincasa, A., Buonocunto, C., Capello, M., Caputo, A., Castellano, M., D’Auria, L., De Cesare, W., Di Filippo, A., Galluzzo, D., Gaudiosi, G., Giudicepietro, F., Liguoro, F., Lo Bascio, D., Martini, M., Martino, C., Peluso, R., Ricciolino, P., Scarpato, G., Torello, V. and Bianco, F. The seismic network of Ischia island from 1993 to 2021 Longo, M., Lazzaro, G., Caruso, C. G., Corbo, A., Sciré Scappuzzo, S., Italiano, F., Gattuso, A. and Romano, D. Hydro-acoustic signals from the Panarea shallow hydrothermal field: new inferences of a direct link with Stromboli Musacchio, M., Silvestri, M., Rabuffi, F., Buongiorno, M. F. and Falcone, S. Kılauea ̄ –Leilani 2018 lava flow delineation using Sentinel2 and Landsat8 images Tsunamis from volcanic environments Zaniboni, F., Pagnoni, G., Gallotti, G., Tinti, S. and Armigliato, A. Landslide-tsunamis along the flanks of Mount Epomeo, Ischia: propagation patterns and coastal hazard for the Campania Coasts, Italy Fornaciai, A., Favalli, M. and Nannipieri, L. Reconstruction of the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli using the non-hydrostatic WAVE model (NHWAVE) Volcanoes and society Lotteri, A., Speake, J., Kennedy, V., Wallenstein, N., Coutinho, R., Chester, D., Duncan, A., Dibben, C. and Ferreira, F. Changing hazard awareness over two decades: the case of Furnas, São Miguel (Azores) Tomasone, M., Avvisati, G., Cirillo, F., Colucci, O., Marotta, E., Fiorenza, E., Vertechi, E. and Simonetti, B. Risk management planning on a volcanic island: fear and loathing in Ischia (Italy) Index

Note: Enth.: Introduction -- Pt. 2. Union of South Africa from Olifants River to Mossel Bay. With an appendix on conditions at Saldanha Bay, Cape Town and Simonstown -- Pt. 3. Union of South Africa from Mossel Bay to East London.With an appendix on conditions oat Mossel Bay and Port Elizabeth -- Pt. 4. Union of South Africa from East London to Kosi Bay.With an appendix on conditions at East London and Durban -- Pt. 5. Portuguese East Africa (Mocambique) and Mocambique Channel -- Pt. 5a. Madagascar. With an appendix on conditions at Mayotte, Diégo Suarez, Nossi Bé and Tamatave

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Einleitung. - 2. Personalien. - 3. Das Stationsnetz. - Stationen I., II. und III. Ordnung und Stationen, die nur Sonnenschein beobachten. - Regenstationen. - Gewitterstationen. - 4. Wetterdienst. - 5. Stationsinstrumente und Sammlungen des Zentralinstituts. Instrumente. Bücherei. - 6. Besondere Arbeiten im Zentralinstitut. - 7. Das Meteorologisch-Magnetische Observatorium bei Potsdam. - Allgemeines. - Meteorologische Beobachungen und Arbeiten. - Magnetische Arbeiten. - 8. Dienstreisen. - 9. Veröffentlichungen. - Veröffentlichungen des Instituts. - Fachwissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Beamten. - Eine photographische Registriereinrichtung mit weiter Zeitskala bei sparsamem Papierverbrauch / Ad. Schmidt. - Vertikale Temperaturgradienten im Gebirge / H. v. Ficker. - Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Regenböen im atlantischen Passatgebiet / K. Knoch. - Ungewöhnlicher Luftdruckanstieg am 22. Dezember 1925 / W. König. - Ueber Niederschlag und gleichzeitigen Luftdruckgang / W. König. - Die Häufigkeit zu nasser und zu trockener Sommermonate (Regenklemmen) in Ostpreußen / G. Wussow. - Das Schwerefeld eines magnetischen Moleküls / O. Venske. - Jährlicher und täglicher Gang der Verdunstung in Potsdam / R. Süring. - Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenschein im Jahre 1925 nach den Beobachtungen der im deutschen Witterungsbericht erscheinenden Stationen.

Note: Zugl.: Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 1922

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Enth.: Technik des Experiments

Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch