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Optogenetic mapping of cerebellar inhibitory circuitry reveals spatially biased coordination of interneurons via electrical synapses (2014)

Kim, Jinsook ; Lee, Soojung ; Tsuda, Sachiko ; [weitere]

Cell Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Cell 7 (2014): 1601–1613, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.047.

Beschreibung: We used high-speed optogenetic mapping technology to examine the spatial organization of local inhibitory circuits formed by cerebellar interneurons. Transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 exclusively in molecular layer interneurons allowed us to focally photostimulate these neurons, while measuring resulting responses in postsynaptic Purkinje cells. This approach revealed that interneurons converge upon Purkinje cells over a broad area and that at least seven interneurons form functional synapses with a single Purkinje cell. The number of converging interneurons was reduced by treatment with gap junction blockers, revealing that electrical synapses between interneurons contribute substantially to the spatial convergence. Remarkably, gap junction blockers affected convergence in sagittal slices, but not in coronal slices, indicating a sagittal bias in electrical coupling between interneurons. We conclude that electrical synapse networks spatially coordinate interneurons in the cerebellum and may also serve this function in other brain regions.

Beschreibung: This work was supported by a CRP grant from the National Research Foundation of Singapore and by the World Class Institute (WCI) Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea (NRF grant number WCI 2009-003).

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Materialart: Article

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Can monitoring data contribute to the biodiversity-ecosystem function debate? Evaluating data from a highly dynamic ecosystem (2014)

Hodapp, Dorothee ; Kraft, Dietmar ; Hillebrand, Helmut

Springer Nature

In: EPIC3Biodiversity and Conservation, Springer Nature, 23(2), pp. 405-419, ISSN: 0960-3115

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-22

Beschreibung: One of the most controversially discussed topics in current biodiversity-ecosystem function research is the transfer of results from experimental and theoretical studies to natural ecosystems. At the same time, monitoring data on biodiversity are requested as key indicators for the state of an ecosystem in most environmental evaluation frameworks. We analyse two monitoring data sets comprising information on abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos communities in the German Wadden Sea in order to evaluate how much information monitoring data on biodiversity provide concerning ecosystem functioning and what implications this information (or the lack thereof) has for future monitoring programmes. Our results show a positive correlation between number of species of macrozoobenthos and its standing stock. Despite differences in overall biomass and individual size in different functional groups, this correlation remained consistent for different feeding guilds and therefore is likely to be independent of certain species traits. Moreover, functional turnover analyses indicate that increasing species richness is needed to maintain biomass levels over increasing periods of time. Whereas our data thus corroborate predictions from theory, we could not determine any causal relationships, because monitoring data commonly include only vague proxies for very few functional parameters, in our case standing biomass as a proxy for production. As to the use of diversity as an indicator for ecosystem functioning, we advise that management decisions are to be based on verified causal relationships and therefore strongly suggest the general incorporation of unambiguous proxies for functional parameters in the measuring campaigns of monitoring programmes.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , peerRev

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Natural strategies for photosynthetic light harvesting (2014)

Croce, Roberta ; van Amerongen, Herbert

Springer Nature

In: Nature Chemical Biology. 2014; 10(7): 492-501. Published 2014 Jun 17. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1555.

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-17

Print ISSN: 1552-4450

Digitale ISSN: 1552-4469

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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VGLL4 functions as a new tumor suppressor in lung cancer by negatively regulating the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex (2014)

Zhang, Wenjing ; Gao, Yijun ; Li, Peixue ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Cell Research. 2014; 24(3): 331-343. Published 2014 Jan 24. doi: 10.1038/cr.2014.10.

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-01-24

Print ISSN: 1001-0602

Digitale ISSN: 1748-7838

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Detection and replication of epistasis influencing transcription in humans (2014)

Hemani, Gibran ; Shakhbazov, Konstantin ; Westra, Harm-Jan ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature. 2014; 508(7495): 249-253. Published 2014 Feb 26. doi: 10.1038/nature13005.

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Anomalous critical fields in quantum critical superconductors (2014)

C. Putzke; P. Walmsley; J. D. Fletcher; L. Malone; D. Vignolles; C. Proust; S. Badoux; P. See; H. E. Beere; D. A. Ritchie; S. Kasahara; Y. Mizukami; T. Shibauchi; Y. Matsuda; A. Carrington

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-07

Beschreibung: Article Superconductivity in the iron pnictides is believed to be related to quantum critical fluctuations. Putzke et al. observe unexpected anomalies in the critical fields of BaFe 2 (As 1−x P x ) 2 that emerge close to its magnetic critical point, which they argue is a generic feature of quantum critical superconductivity. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6679 Authors: C. Putzke, P. Walmsley, J. D. Fletcher, L. Malone, D. Vignolles, C. Proust, S. Badoux, P. See, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. Kasahara, Y. Mizukami, T. Shibauchi, Y. Matsuda, A. Carrington

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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microTSS: accurate microRNA transcription start site identification reveals a significant number of divergent pri-miRNAs (2014)

Georgios Georgakilas; Ioannis S. Vlachos; Maria D. Paraskevopoulou; Peter Yang; Yuhong Zhang; Aris N. Economides; Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-12

Beschreibung: Article microRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression for which the identification of promoter and primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) has been difficult. Here the authors describe microTSS, an algorithm that supports the precise identification of intergenic pri-miRNA transcription start sites. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6700 Authors: Georgios Georgakilas, Ioannis S. Vlachos, Maria D. Paraskevopoulou, Peter Yang, Yuhong Zhang, Aris N. Economides, Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of innate immune response genes and neuronal activity-dependent genes in autism (2014)

Simone Gupta; Shannon E. Ellis; Foram N. Ashar; Anna Moes; Joel S. Bader; Jianan Zhan; Andrew B. West; Dan E. Arking

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-12

Beschreibung: Article Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental condition characterized by marked genetic heterogeneity. In this study, the authors use RNA sequencing analyses to characterize differences in the transcriptome between autistic and typically developing brains. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6748 Authors: Simone Gupta, Shannon E. Ellis, Foram N. Ashar, Anna Moes, Joel S. Bader, Jianan Zhan, Andrew B. West, Dan E. Arking

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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All-organic optoelectronic sensor for pulse oximetry (2014)

Claire M. Lochner; Yasser Khan; Adrien Pierre; Ana C. Arias

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-12

Beschreibung: Article Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive means for measuring blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate, with typical sensors based on rigid electronics. Here, the authors develop a pulse oximeter based solely on organic materials, allowing flexible devices and hence increasing the potential sensing locations on the body. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6745 Authors: Claire M. Lochner, Yasser Khan, Adrien Pierre, Ana C. Arias

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers (2014)

Jian Lin; Zhiwei Peng; Yuanyue Liu; Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda; Ruquan Ye; Errol L. G. Samuel; Miguel Jose Yacaman; Boris I. Yakobson; James M. Tour

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-12

Beschreibung: Article The straightforward and scalable synthesis and patterning of graphene-based nanomaterials remains a technological challenge. Here, the authors use a CO 2 infrared laser, under ambient conditions, to directly produce and pattern porous graphene films with three-dimensional networks from commercial polymer films. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6714 Authors: Jian Lin, Zhiwei Peng, Yuanyue Liu, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda, Ruquan Ye, Errol L. G. Samuel, Miguel Jose Yacaman, Boris I. Yakobson, James M. Tour

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Electrically tunable nonlinear plasmonics in graphene nanoislands (2014)

Joel D. Cox; F. Javier García de Abajo

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Article Plasmons in metallic nanostructures provide light enhancement that amplifies their nonlinear optical response. This study shows that graphene nanoislands also give rise to an amplified nonlinear polarizability that can be tuned electrically to surpass those of other nonlinear media by orders of magnitude. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6725 Authors: Joel D. Cox, F. Javier García de Abajo

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Structural insights into 5′ flap DNA unwinding and incision by the human FAN1 dimer (2014)

Qi Zhao; Xiaoyu Xue; Simonne Longerich; Patrick Sung; Yong Xiong

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Article FAN1 is a structure-specific nuclease that plays a major role in eliminating highly cytotoxic interstrand DNA crosslinks. Here, Zhao et al . present several crystal structures of FAN1 in complex with DNA substrates and biochemical analyses that establish how FAN1 functions to resolve interstrand DNA crosslinks. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6726 Authors: Qi Zhao, Xiaoyu Xue, Simonne Longerich, Patrick Sung, Yong Xiong

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Spartan deficiency causes genomic instability and progeroid phenotypes (2014)

Reeja S. Maskey; Myoung Shin Kim; Darren J. Baker; Bennett Childs; Liviu A. Malureanu; Karthik B. Jeganathan; Yuka Machida; Jan M. van Deursen; Yuichi J. Machida

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Article Spartan/DVC1 is a translesion synthesis regulator with important roles in cellular DNA damage tolerance. Here, the authors report that Spartan is essential for DNA lesion bypass and that Spartan insufficiency in mice causes chromosomal instability, cellular senescence and early onset of age-related phenotypes. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6744 Authors: Reeja S. Maskey, Myoung Shin Kim, Darren J. Baker, Bennett Childs, Liviu A. Malureanu, Karthik B. Jeganathan, Yuka Machida, Jan M. van Deursen, Yuichi J. Machida

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Geochemistry of silicate-rich rocks can curtail spreading of carbon dioxide in subsurface aquifers (2014)

S. S. S. Cardoso; J. T. H. Andres

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Article Carbon sequestration will be vital in mitigating future climate change, and understanding how CO 2 behaves in aquifers is important for developing technologies. Here, the authors suggest that silicate-rich rocks inhibit the transport of CO 2 , which may have consequences for future engineered storage facilities. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6743 Authors: S. S. S. Cardoso, J. T. H. Andres

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Sound Pressure Level Gain in an Acoustic Metamaterial Cavity (2014)

Kyungjun Song; Kiwon Kim; Shin Hur; Jun-Hyuk Kwak; Jihyun Park; Jong Rak Yoon; Jedo Kim

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-12

Beschreibung: The inherent attenuation of a homogeneous viscous medium limits radiation propagation, thereby restricting the use of many high-frequency acoustic devices to only short-range applications. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate an acoustic metamaterial localization cavity which is used for sound pressure level (SPL) gain using double coiled up space like structures thereby increasing the range of detection. This unique behavior occurs within a subwavelength cavity that is 1/10th of the wavelength of the incident acoustic wave, which provides up to a 13 dB SPL gain. We show that the amplification results from the Fabry-Perot resonance of the cavity, which has a simultaneously high effective refractive index and effective impedance. We also experimentally verify the SPL amplification in an underwater environment at higher frequencies using a sample with an identical unit cell size. The versatile scalability of the design shows promising applications in many areas, especially in acoustic imaging and underwater communication. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07421

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Azithromycin suppresses CD4+ T-cell activation by direct modulation of mTOR activity (2014)

F. Ratzinger; H. Haslacher; W. Poeppl; G. Hoermann; J. J. Kovarik; S. Jutz; P. Steinberger; H. Burgmann; W. F. Pickl; K. G. Schmetterer

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-12

Beschreibung: Advanced macrolides, such as azithromycin (AZM) or clarithromycin (CLM), are antibiotics with immunomodulatory properties. Here we have sought to evaluate their in vitro influence on the activation of CD4+ T-cells. Isolated CD4+ T-cells were stimulated with agonistic anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies in the presence of 0.6 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, 10 mg/L or 40 mg/L AZM or CLM. Cell proliferation, cytokine level in supernatants and cell viability was assessed. Intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated using reporter cell lines, FACS analysis, immunoblotting and in vitro kinase assays. AZM inhibited cell proliferation rate and cytokine secretion of CD4+ T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, high concentrations of CLM (40 mg/L) also suppressed these T-cell functions. Analysis of molecular signaling pathways revealed that exposure to AZM reduced the phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein, a downstream target of mTOR. This effect was also observed at 40 mg/L CLM. In vitro kinase studies using recombinant mTOR showed that AZM inhibited mTOR activity. In contrast to rapamycin, this inhibition was independent of FKBP12. We show for the first time that AZM and to a lesser extent CLM act as immunosuppressive agents on CD4+ T-cells by inhibiting mTOR activity. Our results might have implications for the clinical use of macrolides. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07438

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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A Low-Noise Solid-State Nanopore Platform Based on a Highly Insulating Substrate (2014)

Min-Hyun Lee; Ashvani Kumar; Kyeong-Beom Park; Seong-Yong Cho; Hyun-Mi Kim; Min-Cheol Lim; Young-Rok Kim; Ki-Bum Kim

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: A solid-state nanopore platform with a low noise level and sufficient sensitivity to discriminate single-strand DNA (ssDNA) homopolymers of poly-A40 and poly-T40 using ionic current blockade sensing is proposed and demonstrated. The key features of this platform are (a) highly insulating dielectric substrates that are used to mitigate the effect of parasitic capacitance elements, which decrease the ionic current RMS noise level to sub-10 pA and (b) ultra-thin silicon nitride membranes with a physical thickness of 5 nm (an effective thickness of 2.4 nm estimated from the ionic current) are used to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial depth resolution. The utilization of an ultra-thin membrane and a nanopore diameter as small as 1.5 nm allow the successful discrimination of 40 nucleotide ssDNA poly-A40 and poly-T40. Overall, we demonstrate that this platform overcomes several critical limitations of solid-state nanopores and opens the door to a wide range of applications in single-molecule-based detection and analysis. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07448

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Do good actions inspire good actions in others? (2014)

Valerio Capraro; Alessandra Marcelletti

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Actions such as sharing food and cooperating to reach a common goal have played a fundamental role in the evolution of human societies. Despite the importance of such good actions, little is known about if and how they can spread from person to person to person. For instance, does being recipient of an altruistic act increase your probability of being cooperative with a third party? We have conducted an experiment on Amazon Mechanical Turk to test this mechanism using economic games. We have measured willingness to be cooperative through a standard Prisoner's dilemma and willingness to act altruistically using a binary Dictator game. In the baseline treatments, the endowments needed to play were given by the experimenters, as usual; in the control treatments, they came from a good action made by someone else. Across four different comparisons and a total of 572 subjects, we have never found a significant increase of cooperation or altruism when the endowment came from a good action. We conclude that good actions do not necessarily inspire good actions in others. While this is consistent with the theoretical prediction, it challenges the majority of other experimental studies. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07470

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Two functional loci in the promoter of EPAS1 gene involved in high-altitude adaptation of Tibetans (2014)

Xiang-Hong Xu; Xue-Wen Huang; Li Qun; Ya-Nan Li; Yi Wang; Chao Liu; Yanyun Ma; Qing-Mei Liu; Kang Sun; Feng Qian; Li Jin; Jiucun Wang

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: EPAS1 involves in the hypoxic response and is suggested to be responsible for the genetic adaptation of high-altitude hypoxia in Tibetans. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism rs56721780:G〉C and an insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism −742 indel in the promoter region showed divergence between Tibetans and non-Tibetan lowlanders. rs56721780:G〉C regulated the transcription of EPAS1 by IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), which was identified as a new transcriptional repressor for EPAS1 gene. It demonstrated that the C allele of rs56721780:G〉C decreased the binding of IKZF1, leading to the attenuated transcriptional repression of EPAS1 gene. The insertion at −742 indel provided a new binding site for Sp1 and was related to the activation of EPAS1 promoter. Further functional analysis revealed that lysyl oxidase (LOX) gene, which was reported to be responsible for extracellular matrix protein cross-linking of amnion previously, was a direct target of EPAS1. The CC genotype at rs56721780:G〉C and the insertion genotype at −742 indel were found associated with higher EPAS1 and LOX expression levels in amnion, as well as higher birth weight of Tibetan newborns, suggesting that EPAS1 gene might play important roles in the development of amnion, fetus growth and high-altitude adaptation of Tibetans. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07465

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Effects of reciprocity on random walks in weighted networks (2014)

Zhongzhi Zhang; Huan Li; Yibin Sheng

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: It has been recently reported that the reciprocity of real-life weighted networks is very pronounced, however its impact on dynamical processes is poorly understood. In this paper, we study random walks in a scale-free directed weighted network with a trap at the central hub node, where the weight of each directed edge is dominated by a parameter controlling the extent of network reciprocity. We derive two expressions for the mean first passage time (MFPT) to the trap, by using two different techniques, the results of which agree well with each other. We also analytically determine all the eigenvalues as well as their multiplicities for the fundamental matrix of the dynamical process, and show that the largest eigenvalue has an identical dominant scaling as that of the MFPT.We find that the weight parameter has a substantial effect on the MFPT, which behaves as a power-law function of the system size with the power exponent dependent on the parameter, signaling the crucial role of reciprocity in random walks occurring in weighted networks. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07460

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Survival analysis of infected mice reveals pathogenic variations in the genome of avian H1N1 viruses (2014)

Zeynep A. Koçer; Yiping Fan; Robert Huether; John Obenauer; Richard J. Webby; Jinghui Zhang; Robert G. Webster; Gang Wu

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Most influenza pandemics have been caused by H1N1 viruses of purely or partially avian origin. Here, using Cox proportional hazard model, we attempt to identify the genetic variations in the whole genome of wild-type North American avian H1N1 influenza A viruses that are associated with their virulence in mice by residue variations, host origins of virus (Anseriformes-ducks or Charadriiformes-shorebirds), and host-residue interactions. In addition, through structural modeling, we predicted that several polymorphic sites associated with pathogenicity were located in structurally important sites, especially in the polymerase complex and NS genes. Our study introduces a new approach to identify pathogenic variations in wild-type viruses circulating in the natural reservoirs and ultimately to understand their infectious risks to humans as part of risk assessment efforts towards the emergence of future pandemic strains. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07455

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Inhibition of CO poisoning on Pt catalyst coupled with the reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium in a dual-functional fuel cell (2014)

Dong Young Chung; Hyoung-il Kim; Young-Hoon Chung; Myeong Jae Lee; Sung Jong Yoo; Alok D. Bokare; Wonyong Choi; Yung-Eun Sung

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: We propose a method to enhance the fuel cell efficiency with the simultaneous removal of toxic heavy metal ions. Carbon monoxide (CO), an intermediate of methanol oxidation that is primarily responsible for Pt catalyst deactivation, can be used as an in-situ reducing agent for hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) with reactivating the CO-poisoned Pt catalyst. Using electro-oxidation measurements, the oxidation of adsorbed CO molecules coupled with the concurrent conversion of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) was confirmed. This concept was also successfully applied to a methanol fuel cell to enhance its performance efficiency and to remove toxic Cr (VI) at the same time. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07450

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Taurine in drinking water recovers learning and memory in the adult APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2014)

Hye Yun Kim; Hyunjin V. Kim; Jin H. Yoon; Bo Ram Kang; Soo Min Cho; Sejin Lee; Ji Yoon Kim; Joo Won Kim; Yakdol Cho; Jiwan Woo; Young; Soo Kim

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a lethal progressive neurological disorder affecting the memory. Recently, US Food and Drug Administration mitigated the standard for drug approval, allowing symptomatic drugs that only improve cognitive deficits to be allowed to accelerate on to clinical trials. Our study focuses on taurine, an endogenous amino acid found in high concentrations in humans. It has demonstrated neuroprotective properties against many forms of dementia. In this study, we assessed cognitively enhancing property of taurine in transgenic mouse model of AD. We orally administered taurine via drinking water to adult APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model for 6 weeks. Taurine treatment rescued cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice up to the age-matching wild-type mice in Y-maze and passive avoidance tests without modifying the behaviours of cognitively normal mice. In the cortex of APP/PS1 mice, taurine slightly decreased insoluble fraction of Aβ. While the exact mechanism of taurine in AD has not yet been ascertained, our results suggest that taurine can aid cognitive impairment and may inhibit Aβ-related damages. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07467

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Liquid but Durable: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Explain the Unique Properties of Archaeal-Like Membranes (2014)

Anton O. Chugunov; Pavel E. Volynsky; Nikolay A. Krylov; Ivan A. Boldyrev; Roman G. Efremov

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Archaeal plasma membranes appear to be extremely durable and almost impermeable to water and ions, in contrast to the membranes of Bacteria and Eucaryota. Additionally, they remain liquid within a temperature range of 0–100°C. These are the properties that have most likely determined the evolutionary fate of Archaea, and it may be possible for bionanotechnology to adopt these from nature. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to assess at the atomistic level the structure and dynamics of a series of model archaeal membranes with lipids that have tetraether chemical nature and “branched” hydrophobic tails. We conclude that the branched structure defines dense packing and low water permeability of archaeal-like membranes, while at the same time ensuring a liquid-crystalline state, which is vital for living cells. This makes tetraether lipid systems promising in bionanotechnology and material science, namely for design of new and unique membrane nanosystems. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07462

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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CORRIGENDUM: Parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA) for real-time optical spectrum observation (2014)

Chi Zhang; Jianbing Xu; P. C. Chui; Kenneth K. Y. Wong

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep05692

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Genome dynamics and evolution of Salmonella Typhi strains from the typhoid-endemic zones (2014)

Ramani Baddam; Narender Kumar; Sabiha Shaik; Aditya Kumar Lankapalli; Niyaz Ahmed

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Typhoid fever poses significant burden on healthcare systems in Southeast Asia and other endemic countries. Several epidemiological and genomic studies have attributed pseudogenisation to be the major driving force for the evolution of Salmonella Typhi although its real potential remains elusive. In the present study, we analyzed genomes of S. Typhi from different parts of Southeast Asia and Oceania, comprising of isolates from outbreak, sporadic and carrier cases. The genomes showed high genetic relatedness with limited opportunity for gene acquisition as evident from pan-genome structure. Given that pseudogenisation is an active process in S. Typhi, we further investigated core and pan-genome profiles of functional and pseudogenes separately. We observed a decline in core functional gene content and a significant increase in accessory pseudogene content. Upon functional classification, genes encoding metabolic functions formed a major constituent of pseudogenes as well as core functional gene clusters with SNPs. Further, an in-depth analysis of accessory pseudogene content revealed the existence of heterogeneous complements of functional and pseudogenes among the strains. In addition, these polymorphic genes were also enriched in metabolism related functions. Thus, the study highlights the existence of heterogeneous strains in a population with varying metabolic potential and that S. Typhi possibly resorts to metabolic fine tuning for its adaptation. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07457

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Highly Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetectors Fabricated from ZnO Quantum Dots/Carbon Nanodots Hybrid Films (2014)

Deng-Yang Guo; Chong-Xin Shan; Song-Nan Qu; De-Zhen Shen

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Ultraviolet photodetectors have been fabricated from ZnO quantum dots/carbon nanodots hybrid films, and the introduction of carbon nanodots improves the performance of the photodetectors greatly. The photodetectors can be used to detect very weak ultraviolet signals (as low as 12 nW/cm2). The detectivity and noise equivalent power of the photodetector can reach 3.1 × 1017 cmHz1/2/W and 7.8 × 10−20 W, respectively, both of which are the best values ever reported for ZnO-based photodetectors. The mechanism for the high sensitivity of the photodetectors has been attributed to the enhanced carrier-separation at the ZnO/C interface. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07469

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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n-3 PUFA supplementation benefits microglial responses to myelin pathology (2014)

Songela Chen; Haiyue Zhang; Hongjian Pu; Guohua Wang; Wenjin Li; Rehana K. Leak; Jun Chen; Anthony K. Liou; Xiaoming Hu

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Microglia represent rational but challenging targets for improving white matter integrity because of their dualistic protective and toxic roles. The present study examines the effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on microglial responses to myelin pathology in primary cultures and in the cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a devastating demyelination disease. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the two main forms of n-3 PUFAs in the brain, inhibited the release of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α from primary microglia upon IFN-γ and myelin stimulation. DHA and EPA also enhanced myelin phagocytosis in vitro. Therefore, n-3 PUFAs can inhibit inflammation while at the same time enhancing beneficial immune responses such as microglial phagocytosis. In vivo studies demonstrated that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduced cuprizone-induced demyelination and improved motor and cognitive function. The positive effects of n-3 PUFAs were accompanied by a shift in microglial polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that n-3 PUFAs may be clinically useful as immunomodulatory agents for demyelinating diseases through a novel mechanism involving microglial phenotype switching. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07458

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Free-standing Fe2O3 nanomembranes enabling ultra-long cycling life and high rate capability for Li-ion batteries (2014)

Xianghong Liu; Wenping Si; Jun Zhang; Xiaolei Sun; Junwen Deng; Stefan Baunack; Steffen Oswald; Lifeng Liu; Chenglin Yan; Oliver G. Schmidt

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: With Fe2O3 as a proof-of-concept, free-standing nanomembrane structure is demonstrated to be highly advantageous to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries. The Fe2O3 nanomembrane electrodes exhibit ultra-long cycling life at high current rates with satisfactory capacity (808 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 C and 530 mAh g−1 after 3000 cycles at 6 C) as well as repeatable high rate capability up to 50 C. The excellent performance benefits particularly from the unique structural advantages of the nanomembranes. The mechanical feature can buffer the strain of lithiation/delithiation to postpone the pulverization. The two-dimensional transport pathways in between the nanomembranes can promote the pseudo-capacitive type storage. The parallel-laid nanomembranes, which are coated by polymeric gel-like film and SEI layer with the electrolyte in between layers, electrochemically behave like numerous “mini-capacitors” to provide the pseudo-capacitance thus maintain the capacity at high rate. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07452

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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How water molecules affect the catalytic activity of hydrolases - A XANES study of the local structures of peptide deformylase (2014)

Peixin Cui; Yu Wang; Wangsheng Chu; Xiaoyun Guo; Feifei Yang; Meijuan Yu; Haifeng Zhao; Yuhui Dong; Yaning Xie; Weimin Gong; Ziyu Wu

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13

Beschreibung: Peptide deformylase (PDF) is a prokaryotic enzyme that catalyzes the deformylation of nascent peptides generated during protein synthesis and water molecules play a key role in these hydrolases. Using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and ab initio calculations we accurately probe the local atomic environment of the metal ion binding in the active site of PDF at different pH values and with different metal ions. This new approach is an effective way to monitor existing correlations among functions and structural changes. We show for the first time that the enzymatic activity depends on pH values and metal ions via the bond length of the nearest coordinating water (Wat1) to the metal ion. Combining experimental and theoretical data we may claim that PDF exhibits an enhanced enzymatic activity only when the distance of the Wat1 molecule with the metal ion falls in the limited range from 2.15 to 2.55 Å. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07453

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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MORC1 represses transposable elements in the mouse male germline (2014)

William A. Pastor; Hume Stroud; Kevin Nee; Wanlu Liu; Dubravka Pezic; Sergei Manakov; Serena A. Lee; Guillaume Moissiard; Natasha Zamudio; Déborah Bourc’his; Alexei A. Aravin; Amander T. Clark; Steven E. Jacobsen

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-14

Beschreibung: Article The Microrchidia (Morc) family of GHKL ATPases are important repressors of transposons and other DNA-methylated and silent genes in A. thaliana . Here, the authors show that MORC1 is responsible for repression and methylation of specific classes of transposons in the mouse male germline. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6795 Authors: William A. Pastor, Hume Stroud, Kevin Nee, Wanlu Liu, Dubravka Pezic, Sergei Manakov, Serena A. Lee, Guillaume Moissiard, Natasha Zamudio, Déborah Bourc’his, Alexei A. Aravin, Amander T. Clark, Steven E. Jacobsen

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Clusterin facilitates stress-induced lipidation of LC3 and autophagosome biogenesis to enhance cancer cell survival (2014)

Fan Zhang; Masafumi Kumano; Eliana Beraldi; Ladan Fazli; Caigan Du; Susan Moore; Poul Sorensen; Amina Zoubeidi; Martin E. Gleave

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-14

Beschreibung: Article The induction of autophagy under stress conditions such as chemotherapy is a contributing factor towards resistance to anticancer therapy. Here, Zhang et al . identify the molecular chaperone clusterin as an adaptor that facilitates lipidation of LC3 and autophagosome biogenesis. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6775 Authors: Fan Zhang, Masafumi Kumano, Eliana Beraldi, Ladan Fazli, Caigan Du, Susan Moore, Poul Sorensen, Amina Zoubeidi, Martin E. Gleave

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Modulation of gut microbiota during probiotic-mediated attenuation of metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-fed mice (2014)

Jingjing Wang; Huang Tang; Chenhong Zhang; Yufeng Zhao; Muriel Derrien; Emilie Rocher; Johan ET van-Hylckama Vlieg; Katherine Strissel; Liping Zhao; Martin Obin; Jian Shen

Springer Nature

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Modulation of gut microbiota during probiotic-mediated attenuation of metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-fed mice The ISME Journal 9, 1 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.99 Authors: Jingjing Wang, Huang Tang, Chenhong Zhang, Yufeng Zhao, Muriel Derrien, Emilie Rocher, Johan ET van-Hylckama Vlieg, Katherine Strissel, Liping Zhao, Martin Obin & Jian Shen

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From community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic Bacteroidetes generalists (2014)

María Gomariz; Manuel Martínez-García; Fernando Santos; Francisco Rodriguez; Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez; Toni Gabaldón; Ramon Rosselló-Móra; Inmaculada Meseguer; Josefa Antón

Springer Nature

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Beschreibung: From community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic Bacteroidetes generalists The ISME Journal 9, 16 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.95 Authors: María Gomariz, Manuel Martínez-García, Fernando Santos, Francisco Rodriguez, Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez, Toni Gabaldón, Ramon Rosselló-Móra, Inmaculada Meseguer & Josefa Antón

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Interpreting 16S metagenomic data without clustering to achieve sub-OTU resolution (2014)

Mikhail Tikhonov; Robert W Leach; Ned S Wingreen

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Beschreibung: Interpreting 16S metagenomic data without clustering to achieve sub-OTU resolution The ISME Journal 9, 68 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.117 Authors: Mikhail Tikhonov, Robert W Leach & Ned S Wingreen

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Life on the edge: functional genomic response of Ignicoccus hospitalis to the presence of Nanoarchaeum equitans (2014)

Richard J Giannone; Louie L Wurch; Thomas Heimerl; Stanton Martin; Zamin Yang; Harald Huber; Reinhard Rachel; Robert L Hettich; Mircea Podar

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Beschreibung: Life on the edge: functional genomic response of Ignicoccus hospitalis to the presence of Nanoarchaeum equitans The ISME Journal 9, 101 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.112 Authors: Richard J Giannone, Louie L Wurch, Thomas Heimerl, Stanton Martin, Zamin Yang, Harald Huber, Reinhard Rachel, Robert L Hettich & Mircea Podar

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Quorum sensing enhancement of the stress response promotes resistance to quorum quenching and prevents social cheating (2014)

Rodolfo García-Contreras; Leslie Nuñez-López; Ricardo Jasso-Chávez; Brian W Kwan; Javier A Belmont; Adrián Rangel-Vega; Toshinari Maeda; Thomas K Wood

Springer Nature

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Beschreibung: Quorum sensing enhancement of the stress response promotes resistance to quorum quenching and prevents social cheating The ISME Journal 9, 115 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.98 Authors: Rodolfo García-Contreras, Leslie Nuñez-López, Ricardo Jasso-Chávez, Brian W Kwan, Javier A Belmont, Adrián Rangel-Vega, Toshinari Maeda & Thomas K Wood

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Microbial dormancy improves development and experimental validation of ecosystem model (2014)

Gangsheng Wang; Sindhu Jagadamma; Melanie A Mayes; Christopher W Schadt; J Megan Steinweg; Lianhong Gu; Wilfred M Post

Springer Nature

In: ISME Journal

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Beschreibung: Microbial dormancy improves development and experimental validation of ecosystem model The ISME Journal 9, 226 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.120 Authors: Gangsheng Wang, Sindhu Jagadamma, Melanie A Mayes, Christopher W Schadt, J Megan Steinweg, Lianhong Gu & Wilfred M Post

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Growth form defines physiological photoprotective capacity in intertidal benthic diatoms (2014)

Alexandre Barnett; Vona Méléder; Lander Blommaert; Bernard Lepetit; Pierre Gaudin; Wim Vyverman; Koen Sabbe; Christine Dupuy; Johann Lavaud

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Beschreibung: Growth form defines physiological photoprotective capacity in intertidal benthic diatoms The ISME Journal 9, 32 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.105 Authors: Alexandre Barnett, Vona Méléder, Lander Blommaert, Bernard Lepetit, Pierre Gaudin, Wim Vyverman, Koen Sabbe, Christine Dupuy & Johann Lavaud

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The niche of an invasive marine microbe in a subtropical freshwater impoundment (2014)

K David Hambright; Jessica E Beyer; James D Easton; Richard M Zamor; Anne C Easton; Thayer C Hallidayschult

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Beschreibung: The niche of an invasive marine microbe in a subtropical freshwater impoundment The ISME Journal 9, 256 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.103 Authors: K David Hambright, Jessica E Beyer, James D Easton, Richard M Zamor, Anne C Easton & Thayer C Hallidayschult

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The subgingival microbiome of clinically healthy current and never smokers (2014)

Matthew R Mason; Philip M Preshaw; Haikady N Nagaraja; Shareef M Dabdoub; Anis Rahman; Purnima S Kumar

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Beschreibung: The subgingival microbiome of clinically healthy current and never smokers The ISME Journal 9, 268 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.114 Authors: Matthew R Mason, Philip M Preshaw, Haikady N Nagaraja, Shareef M Dabdoub, Anis Rahman & Purnima S Kumar

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Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology (2014)

Molly K Gibson; Kevin J Forsberg; Gautam Dantas

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Beschreibung: Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology The ISME Journal 9, 207 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.106 Authors: Molly K Gibson, Kevin J Forsberg & Gautam Dantas

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Predominant pathogen competition and core microbiota divergence in chronic airway infection (2014)

Geraint B Rogers; Christopher J van der Gast; David J Serisier

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Beschreibung: Predominant pathogen competition and core microbiota divergence in chronic airway infection The ISME Journal 9, 217 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.124 Authors: Geraint B Rogers, Christopher J van der Gast & David J Serisier

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Genome-wide analysis of Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 behaviour during inoculation and growth in contaminated sand (2014)

Silvia K Moreno-Forero; Jan Roelof van der Meer

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Beschreibung: Genome-wide analysis of Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 behaviour during inoculation and growth in contaminated sand The ISME Journal 9, 150 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.101 Authors: Silvia K Moreno-Forero & Jan Roelof van der Meer

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Phosphorylation of LRRK2 by casein kinase 1α regulates trans-Golgi clustering via differential interaction with ARHGEF7 (2014)

Ruth Chia; Sara Haddock; Alexandra Beilina; Iakov N. Rudenko; Adamantios Mamais; Alice Kaganovich; Yan Li; Ravindran Kumaran; Michael A. Nalls; Mark R. Cookson

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Article The kinase LRRK2 is implicated in Parkinson’s disease progression and is known to be phosphorylated. Chia et al. show that this phosphorylation is mediated by the kinase CK1a, and is required for the recruitment of LRRK2 to Golgi-derived vesicles, suggesting a role for this protein in Golgi maintenance. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6827 Authors: Ruth Chia, Sara Haddock, Alexandra Beilina, Iakov N. Rudenko, Adamantios Mamais, Alice Kaganovich, Yan Li, Ravindran Kumaran, Michael A. Nalls, Mark R. Cookson

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Control of membrane gaps by synaptotagmin-Ca2+ measured with a novel membrane distance ruler (2014)

Chao-Chen Lin; Jan Seikowski; Angel Pérez-Lara; Reinhard Jahn; Claudia Höbartner; Peter Jomo Walla

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Article Synaptotagmin-1 (syt-1) triggers fast synchronous neurotransmission mediated by fusion of synaptic vesicles with presynaptic membranes. Here Lin et al. use inter-membrane FRET combined with DNA rulers as calibration standards to quantify Ca 2+ -induced changes in membrane distances mediated by syt-1. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6859 Authors: Chao-Chen Lin, Jan Seikowski, Angel Pérez-Lara, Reinhard Jahn, Claudia Höbartner, Peter Jomo Walla

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Direct evidence for BBSome-associated intraflagellar transport reveals distinct properties of native mammalian cilia (2014)

Corey L. Williams; Jeremy C. McIntyre; Stephen R. Norris; Paul M. Jenkins; Lian Zhang; Qinglin Pei; Kristen Verhey; Jeffrey R. Martens

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Article Loss of olfactory function is one of the many symptoms of the ciliopathy Bardet–Biedl syndrome. Williams et al . show that Bardet–Biedl proteins are components of intraflagellar transport particles within cilia, and directly visualize their trafficking in native mammalian olfactory neurons. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6813 Authors: Corey L. Williams, Jeremy C. McIntyre, Stephen R. Norris, Paul M. Jenkins, Lian Zhang, Qinglin Pei, Kristen Verhey, Jeffrey R. Martens

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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A chromatin activity-based chemoproteomic approach reveals a transcriptional repressome for gene-specific silencing (2014)

Cui Liu; Yanbao Yu; Feng Liu; Xin Wei; John A. Wrobel; Harsha P. Gunawardena; Li Zhou; Jian Jin; Xian Chen

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Article Immune cell pro-inflammatory gene expression is suppressed following prolonged stimulation. Using a chemoproteomic approach, the authors show that methyltransferase G9a forms a protein complex that promotes the transcriptional repressor activity of c-Myc to repress inflammation-induced gene expression. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6733 Authors: Cui Liu, Yanbao Yu, Feng Liu, Xin Wei, John A. Wrobel, Harsha P. Gunawardena, Li Zhou, Jian Jin, Xian Chen

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Cellular microbiology: Linking MreB to the membrane (2014)

Andrea Du Toit

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 2 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3408 Author: Andrea Du Toit The bacterial actin homologue MreB forms membrane-associated filaments and is integral for determining rod cell shape, which is suggested to be due to its role in assembling the enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. However, the factors that determine MreB membrane localization and its interactions

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Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (2014)

Jessica M. A. Blair; Mark A. Webber; Alison J. Baylay; David O. Ogbolu; Laura J. V. Piddock

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 42 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3380 Authors: Jessica M. A. Blair, Mark A. Webber, Alison J. Baylay, David O. Ogbolu & Laura J. V. Piddock Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult or impossible to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. Antibiotic resistance is encoded by several genes, many of which can transfer between bacteria. New resistance mechanisms are constantly being described, and new genes and

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Gain-of-function experiments: time for a real debate (2014)

W. Paul Duprex; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Michael J. Imperiale; Marc Lipsitch; David A. Relman

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 58 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3405 Authors: W. Paul Duprex, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Michael J. Imperiale, Marc Lipsitch & David A. Relman According to the WHO, dual use research of concern (DURC) is “life sciences research that is intended for benefit, but which might easily be misapplied to do harm”. Recent studies, particularly those on influenza viruses, have led to renewed attention on DURC, as there is

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At the centre: influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins (2014)

Amie J. Eisfeld; Gabriele Neumann; Yoshihiro Kawaoka

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 28 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3367 Authors: Amie J. Eisfeld, Gabriele Neumann & Yoshihiro Kawaoka Influenza A viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes comprise the eight genomic negative-sense RNAs, each of which is bound to multiple copies of the vRNP and a trimeric viral polymerase complex. The influenza virus life cycle centres on the vRNPs, which in turn rely on host cellular

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Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma (2014)

Judith Müller; Oscar Krijgsman; Jennifer Tsoi; Lidia Robert; Willy Hugo; Chunying Song; Xiangju Kong; Patricia A. Possik; Paulien D. M. Cornelissen-Steijger; Marnix H Geukes Foppen; Kristel Kemper; Colin R. Goding; Ultan McDermott; Christian Blank; John Haanen; Thomas G. Graeber; Antoni Ribas; Roger S. Lo; Daniel S. Peeper

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Article Increased expression of MITF transcription factor is thought to promote melanoma progression and kinase inhibitor resistance. Here Muller et al . show that MITF loss is also common in melanomas and confers kinase inhibitor resistance due to upregulation of AXL and other receptor tyrosine kinases. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6712 Authors: Judith Müller, Oscar Krijgsman, Jennifer Tsoi, Lidia Robert, Willy Hugo, Chunying Song, Xiangju Kong, Patricia A. Possik, Paulien D. M. Cornelissen-Steijger, Marnix H Geukes Foppen, Kristel Kemper, Colin R. Goding, Ultan McDermott, Christian Blank, John Haanen, Thomas G. Graeber, Antoni Ribas, Roger S. Lo, Daniel S. Peeper

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Microbiome: A viral understudy for commensal bacteria (2014)

Yvonne Bordon

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 4 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3410 Author: Yvonne Bordon An enteric RNA virus can substitute for commensal bacteria and support immune maturation and intestinal homeostasis.

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Massively Sub-wavelength Guiding of Electromagnetic Waves (2014)

I. R. Hooper; B. Tremain; J. A. Dockrey; A. P. Hibbins

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Recently a new form of ultra-thin flexible waveguide consisting of a conducting comb-like structure with a thickness of the order of 1/600th of the operating wavelength was presented. However, whilst the thickness of the guide was massively sub-wavelength, the remaining dimensions (the height and period of the comb) were much longer. In this paper we propose, and experimentally verify, that a modified guiding geometry consisting of a chain of ultra-thin conducting spirals allows guiding of electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are many times (40+) longer than any characteristic dimension of the guide, enabling super-sub-wavelength guiding and localisation of electromagnetic energy. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07495

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Levodopa/benserazide microsphere (LBM) prevents L-dopa induced dyskinesia by inactivation of the DR1/PKA/P-tau pathway in 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson's rats (2014)

Cheng-long Xie; Wen-Wen Wang; Su-fang Zhang; Ming-Lu Yuan; Jun-Yi Che; Jing Gan; Lu Song; Wei-En Yuan; Zhen-Guo Liu

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) is the gold standard for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), but long-term therapy is associated with the emergence of L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). In the present study, L-dopa and benserazide were loaded by poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (LBM), which can release levodopa and benserazide in a sustained manner in order to continuous stimulate dopaminergic receptors. We investigated the role of striatal DR1/PKA/P-tau signal transduction in the molecular event underlying LID in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of PD. We found that animals rendered dyskinetic by L-dopa treatment, administration of LBM prevented the severity of AIM score, as well as improvement in motor function. Moreover, we also showed L-dopa elicits profound alterations in the activity of three LID molecular markers, namely DR1/PKA/P-tau (ser396). These modifications are totally prevented by LBM treatment, a similar way to achieve continuous dopaminergic delivery (CDD). In conclusion, our experiments provided evidence that intermittent administration of L-dopa, but not continuous delivery, and DR1/PKA/p-tau (ser396) activation played a critical role in the molecular and behavioural induction of LID in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In addition, LBM treatment prevented the development of LID by inhibiting the expression of DR1/PKA/p-tau, as well as PPEB mRNA in dyskintic rats. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07506

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Evidence for acoustic communication among bottom foraging humpback whales (2014)

Susan E. Parks; Dana A. Cusano; Alison K. Stimpert; Mason T. Weinrich; Ari S. Friedlaender; David N. Wiley

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), a mysticete with a cosmopolitan distribution, demonstrate marked behavioural plasticity. Recent studies show evidence of social learning in the transmission of specific population level traits ranging from complex singing to stereotyped prey capturing behaviour. Humpback whales have been observed to employ group foraging techniques, however details on how individuals coordinate behaviour in these groups is challenging to obtain. This study investigates the role of a novel broadband patterned pulsed sound produced by humpback whales engaged in bottom-feeding behaviours, referred to here as a ‘paired burst’ sound. Data collected from 56 archival acoustic tag deployments were investigated to determine the functional significance of these signals. Paired burst sound production was associated exclusively with bottom feeding under low-light conditions, predominantly with evidence of associated conspecifics nearby suggesting that the sound likely serves either as a communicative signal to conspecifics, a signal to affect prey behaviour, or possibly both. This study provides additional evidence for individual variation and phenotypic plasticity of foraging behaviours in humpback whales and provides important evidence for the use of acoustic signals among foraging individuals in this species. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07508

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Novel stable hard transparent conductors in TiO2-TiC system: Design materials from scratch (2014)

Xiangying Meng; Dongyan Liu; Xuefeng Dai; Haijun Pan; Xiaohong Wen; Liang Zuo; Gaowu Qin

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Two new ternary compounds in the TiO2-TiC system, Ti5C2O6 and Ti3C2O2, are reported for the first time based on ab initio evolutionary algorithm. Ti5C2O6 has a tube-structure in which sp1 hybridized carbon chains run through the lattice along the b-axis; while in the Ti3C2O2 lattice, double TiO6 polyhedral are separated by the non-coplanar sp2 hybridized hexagon graphite layers along the c-axis, forming a sandwich-like structure. At ambient conditions, the two compounds are found to be mechanically and dynamically stable and intrinsic transparent conductors with high hardness (about twice harder than the conventional transparent conducting oxides). These mechanical, electronic, and optical properties make Ti5C2O6 and Ti3C2O2 ternary compounds be promising robust, hard, transparent, and conductive materials. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07503

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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An Integrated Microfluidic Chip System for Single-Cell Secretion Profiling of Rare Circulating Tumor Cells (2014)

Yuliang Deng; Yu Zhang; Shuai Sun; Zhihua Wang; Minjiao Wang; Beiqin Yu; Daniel M. Czajkowsky; Bingya Liu; Yan Li; Wei Wei; Qihui Shi

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Genetic and transcriptional profiling, as well as surface marker identification of single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated. However, quantitatively profiling of functional proteins at single CTC resolution has not yet been achieved, owing to the limited purity of the isolated CTC populations and a lack of single-cell proteomic approaches to handle and analyze rare CTCs. Here, we develop an integrated microfluidic system specifically designed for streamlining isolation, purification and single-cell secretomic profiling of CTCs from whole blood. Key to this platform is the use of photocleavable ssDNA-encoded antibody conjugates to enable a highly purified CTC population with 〈75 ‘contaminated’ blood cells. An enhanced poly-L-lysine barcode pattern is created on the single-cell barcode chip for efficient capture rare CTC cells in microchambers for subsequent secreted protein profiling. This system was extensively evaluated and optimized with EpCAM-positive HCT116 cells seeded into whole blood. Patient blood samples were employed to assess the utility of the system for isolation, purification and single-cell secretion profiling of CTCs. The CTCs present in patient blood samples exhibit highly heterogeneous secretion profile of IL-8 and VEGF. The numbers of secreting CTCs are found not in accordance with CTC enumeration based on immunostaining in the parallel experiments. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07499

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: Peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS (2014)

Daniel Kühner; Mark Stahl; Dogan D. Demircioglu; Ute Bertsche

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Peptidoglycan (PGN) is ubiquitous in nearly all bacterial species. The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. Within the last sixty years PGN composition has been intensively studied by various methods. The breakthrough was the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides. However, preparation of pure PGN relied on a very time consuming method of about one week. We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. The muropeptides can be analyzed by UPLC-MS, allowing their immediate determination. This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07494

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Superenhancers: Novel opportunities for nanowire optoelectronics (2014)

Tural Khudiyev; Mehmet Bayindir

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Nanowires play a crucial role in the development of new generation optoelectronic devices ranging from photovoltaics to photodetectors, as these designs capitalize on the low material usage, utilize leaky-mode optical resonances and possess high conversion efficiencies associated with nanowire geometry. However, their current schemes lack sufficient absorption capacity demanded for their practical applicability, and more efficient materials cannot find widespread usage in these designs due to their rarity and cost. Here we suggest a novel and versatile nanoconcentrator scheme utilizing unique optical features of non-resonant Mie (NRM) scattering regime associated with low-index structures. The scattering regime is highly compatible with resonant Mie absorption effect taking place in nanowire absorbers. This technique in its optimized forms can provide up to 1500% total absorption enhancement, 400-fold material save and is suitable for large-area applications with significant area preservation compared to thin-film of same materials. Proposed superenhancer concept with its exceptional features such as broadband absorption enhancement, polarization immunity and material-independent manner paves the way for development of efficient nanowire photosensors or solar thermophotovoltaic devices and presents novel design opportunities for self-powered nanosystems. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07505

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Protonophore properties of hyperforin are essential for its pharmacological activity (2014)

Thomas S. Sell; Thabet Belkacemi; Veit Flockerzi; Andreas Beck

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Hyperforin is a pharmacologically active component of the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), recommended as a treatment for a range of ailments including mild to moderate depression. Part of its action has been attributed to TRPC6 channel activation. We found that hyperforin induces TRPC6-independent H+ currents in HEK-293 cells, cortical microglia, chromaffin cells and lipid bilayers. The latter demonstrates that hyperforin itself acts as a protonophore. The protonophore activity of hyperforin causes cytosolic acidification, which strongly depends on the holding potential, and which fuels the plasma membrane sodium-proton exchanger. Thereby the free intracellular sodium concentration increases and the neurotransmitter uptake by Na+ cotransport is inhibited. Additionally, hyperforin depletes and reduces loading of large dense core vesicles in chromaffin cells, which requires a pH gradient in order to accumulate monoamines. In summary the pharmacological actions of the “herbal Prozac” hyperforin are essentially determined by its protonophore properties shown here. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07500

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Carrier-dependent magnetic anisotropy of cobalt doped titanium dioxide (2014)

Bin Shao; Min Feng; Xu Zuo

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Using first-principles calculations, we predict that the magnetic anisotropy energy of Co-doped TiO2 sensitively depends on carrier accumulation. This magnetoelectric phenomenon provides a potential route to a direct manipulation of the magnetization direction in diluted magnetic semiconductor by external electric-fields. We calculate the band structures and reveal the origin of the carrier-dependent magnetic anisotropy energy in k-space. It is shown that the carrier accumulation shifts the Fermi energy, and consequently, regulates the competing contributions to the magnetic anisotropy energy. The calculations provide an insight to understanding this magnetoelectric phenomenon, and a straightforward way to search prospective materials for electrically controllable spin direction of carriers. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07496

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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1D Magnetic Materials of Fe3O4 and Fe with High Performance of Microwave Absorption Fabricated by Electrospinning Method (2014)

Rui Han; Wei Li; Weiwei Pan; Minggang Zhu; Dong Zhou; Fa-shen Li

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Fe3O4 and Fe nanowires are successfully fabricated by electrospinning method and reduction process. Wiry microstructures were achieved with the phase transformation from α-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 and Fe by partial and full reduction, while still preserving the wire morphology. The diameters of the Fe3O4 and Fe nanowires are approximately 50–60 nm and 30–40 nm, respectively. The investigation of microwave absorption reveals that the Fe3O4 nanowires exhibit excellent microwave absorbing properties. For paraffin-based composite containing 50% weight concentration of Fe3O4 nanowires, the minimum reflection loss reaches −17.2 dB at 6.2 GHz with the matching thickness of 5.5 mm. Furthermore, the calculation shows that the modulus of the ratio between the complex permittivity and permeability |ε/μ| is far away from unity at the minimum reflection loss point, which is quite different from the traditional opinions. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07493

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Demonstration of a refractometric sensor based on an optical micro-fiber three-beam interferometer (2014)

Chunyang Han; Hui Ding; Fangxing Lv

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: With diameter close to the wavelength of the guided light and high index contrast between the fiber and the surrounding, an optical micro-fiber shows a variety of interesting waveguiding properties, including widely tailorable optical confinement, strong evanescent fields and waveguide dispersion. Among various micro-fiber applications, optical sensing has been attracting increasing research interest due to its possibilities of realizing miniaturized fiber optic sensors with small footprint, high sensitivity, and low optical power consumption. Typical micro-fiber based sensing structures, including Michelson interferometer, Mach-Zenhder interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, micro-fiber ring resonator, have been proposed. The sensitivity of these structures heavily related to the fraction of evanescent field outside micro-fiber. In this paper, we report the first theoretical and experimental study of a new type of refractometric sensor based on micro-fiber three-beam interferometer. Theoretical and experimental analysis reveals that the sensitivity is not only determined by the fraction of evanescent field outside the micro-fiber but also related to the values of interferometric arms. The sensitivity can be enhanced significantly when the effective lengths of the interferometric arms tends to be equal. We argue that this has great potential for increasing the sensitivity of refractive index detection. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07504

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Molecular-like hierarchical self-assembly of monolayers of mixtures of particles (2014)

P. Singh; M. Hossain; S. K. Gurupatham; K. Shah; E. Amah; D. Ju; M. Janjua; S. Nudurupati; I. Fischer

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: We present a technique that uses an externally applied electric field to self-assemble monolayers of mixtures of particles into molecular-like hierarchical arrangements on fluid-liquid interfaces. The arrangements consist of composite particles (analogous to molecules) which are arranged in a pattern. The structure of a composite particle depends on factors such as the relative sizes of the particles and their polarizabilities, and the electric field intensity. If the particles sizes differ by a factor of two or more, the composite particle has a larger particle at its core and several smaller particles form a ring around it. The number of particles in the ring and the spacing between the composite particles depend on their polarizabilities and the electric field intensity. Approximately same sized particles form chains (analogous to polymeric molecules) in which positively and negatively polarized particles alternate. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07427

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Propagation style controls lava–snow interactions (2014)

B. R. Edwards; A. Belousov; M. Belousova

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article How volcanoes and the cryosphere interact is of interest for understanding hazard mitigation at ice-clad volcanoes and for paleoclimate studies. Here, the authors provide quantitative details from an eruption in Kamchatka, demonstrating that two kinds of lava, ′a′a and pahoehoe, produced different snowpack responses. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6666 Authors: B. R. Edwards, A. Belousov, M. Belousova

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Manifestation of unconventional biexciton states in quantum dots (2014)

Gerald Hönig; Gordon Callsen; Andrei Schliwa; Stefan Kalinowski; Christian Kindel; Satoshi Kako; Yasuhiko Arakawa; Dieter Bimberg; Axel Hoffmann

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article Artificial atoms usually constitute an orbital structure for trapped charge carriers. Here, Hönig et al . demonstrate that polarization fields and large charge carrier masses can dilute the common orbital conception and find a hybrid-biexciton molecule that enables anomalous spin configurations. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6721 Authors: Gerald Hönig, Gordon Callsen, Andrei Schliwa, Stefan Kalinowski, Christian Kindel, Satoshi Kako, Yasuhiko Arakawa, Dieter Bimberg, Axel Hoffmann

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Bacteria can mobilize nematode-trapping fungi to kill nematodes (2014)

Xin Wang; Guo-Hong Li; Cheng-Gang Zou; Xing-Lai Ji; Tong Liu; Pei-Ji Zhao; Lian-Ming Liang; Jian-Ping Xu; Zhi-Qiang An; Xi Zheng; Yue-Ke Qin; Meng-Qing Tian; You-Yao Xu; Yi-Cheng Ma; Ze-Fen Yu; Xiao-Wei Huang; Shu-Qun Liu; Xue-Mei Niu; Jin-Kui Yang; Ying Huang; Ke-Qin Zhang

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article Certain soil fungi form specialized cellular structures or 'traps' to feed on nematodes, which in turn eat bacteria. Here, the authors show that urea released from bacteria induces trap formation in the fungi and this promotes nematode elimination. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6776 Authors: Xin Wang, Guo-Hong Li, Cheng-Gang Zou, Xing-Lai Ji, Tong Liu, Pei-Ji Zhao, Lian-Ming Liang, Jian-Ping Xu, Zhi-Qiang An, Xi Zheng, Yue-Ke Qin, Meng-Qing Tian, You-Yao Xu, Yi-Cheng Ma, Ze-Fen Yu, Xiao-Wei Huang, Shu-Qun Liu, Xue-Mei Niu, Jin-Kui Yang, Ying Huang, Ke-Qin Zhang

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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BMP signalling regulates the pre-implantation development of extra-embryonic cell lineages in the mouse embryo (2014)

Sarah J. L. Graham; Krzysztof B. Wicher; Agnieszka Jedrusik; Guoji Guo; Wishva Herath; Paul Robson; Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article BMP signalling is important in early post-implantation embryonic development. Here the authors perform mRNA sequencing of inside and outside cells of pre-implantation mouse embryos and show that BMP signalling is critical for the development of the two extra-embryonic lineages at this early stage. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6667 Authors: Sarah J. L. Graham, Krzysztof B. Wicher, Agnieszka Jedrusik, Guoji Guo, Wishva Herath, Paul Robson, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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High quality-factor optical nanocavities in bulk single-crystal diamond (2014)

Michael J. Burek; Yiwen Chu; Madelaine S. Z. Liddy; Parth Patel; Jake Rochman; Srujan Meesala; Wooyoung Hong; Qimin Quan; Mikhail D. Lukin; Marko Lončar

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article Single-crystal diamond is a promising material for applications in classical and quantum optics, but the lack of scalable fabrication remains an issue. Here, Burek et al . adapt angle-etching nanofabrication techniques to realize ring resonators and photonic crystal cavities in single crystal diamond with quality factors in excess of 10 5 . Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6718 Authors: Michael J. Burek, Yiwen Chu, Madelaine S. Z. Liddy, Parth Patel, Jake Rochman, Srujan Meesala, Wooyoung Hong, Qimin Quan, Mikhail D. Lukin, Marko Lončar

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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A dynamic supramolecular polymer with stimuli-responsive handedness for in situ probing of enzymatic ATP hydrolysis (2014)

Mohit Kumar; Patrick Brocorens; Claire TonneléDavid Beljonne; Mathieu Surin; Subi J. George

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article Interesting changes in physical and optical properties can result from the binding of small molecules to supramolecular polymers. Here, the authors present an ATP assay, using a supramolecular helix to switch between left- and right-handed conformations on binding different adenosine phosphates. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6793 Authors: Mohit Kumar, Patrick Brocorens, Claire Tonnelé, David Beljonne, Mathieu Surin, Subi J. George

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Transposable element islands facilitate adaptation to novel environments in an invasive species (2014)

Lukas Schrader; Jay W. Kim; Daniel Ence; Aleksey Zimin; Antonia Klein; Katharina Wyschetzki; Tobias Weichselgartner; Carsten Kemena; Johannes Stökl; Eva Schultner; Yannick Wurm; Christopher D. Smith; Mark Yandell; Jürgen Heinze; Jürgen Gadau; Jan Oettler

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article Genetic variation is key to species evolution. Here the authors sequence two phenotypically distinct populations of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior , and find accumulations of transposable elements correlating with genetic variation that may have a role in differentiation, adaptation and speciation. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6495 Authors: Lukas Schrader, Jay W. Kim, Daniel Ence, Aleksey Zimin, Antonia Klein, Katharina Wyschetzki, Tobias Weichselgartner, Carsten Kemena, Johannes Stökl, Eva Schultner, Yannick Wurm, Christopher D. Smith, Mark Yandell, Jürgen Heinze, Jürgen Gadau, Jan Oettler

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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A recoverable state of axon injury persists for hours after spinal cord contusion in vivo (2014)

Philip R. Williams; Bogdan-Nicolae Marincu; Catherine D. Sorbara; Christoph F. Mahler; Adrian-Minh Schumacher; Oliver Griesbeck; Martin Kerschensteiner; Thomas Misgeld

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article A potential therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI) is to maintain continuity of damaged axons after contusion, but the viability of such strategies depends on the degree to which initially injured axons can recover. Here the authors use morphological and molecular in vivo imaging after contusion SCI in mice, to show that injured axons persist in a metastable state for hours. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6683 Authors: Philip R. Williams, Bogdan-Nicolae Marincu, Catherine D. Sorbara, Christoph F. Mahler, Adrian-Minh Schumacher, Oliver Griesbeck, Martin Kerschensteiner, Thomas Misgeld

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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An ecdysone-responsive nuclear receptor regulates circadian rhythms in Drosophila (2014)

Shailesh Kumar; Dechun Chen; Christopher Jang; Alexandra Nall; Xiangzhong Zheng; Amita Sehgal

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In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Article The mammalian circadian clock is influenced by nuclear receptors such as Rev-Erb. Here Kumar et al . show that ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75), a fly homologue of Rev-Erb, regulates circadian rhythms in Drosophila , and demonstrate that E75 protects the clock against environmental stressors. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6697 Authors: Shailesh Kumar, Dechun Chen, Christopher Jang, Alexandra Nall, Xiangzhong Zheng, Amita Sehgal

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Colloidal glasses: Sheared into two flows (2014)

Pep Pàmies

Springer Nature

In: Nature Materials

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Nature Materials 14, 13 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4189 Author: Pep Pàmies

Print ISSN: 1476-1122

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Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Material witness: The final cut (2014)

Philip Ball

Springer Nature

In: Nature Materials

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Nature Materials 14, 16 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4185 Author: Philip Ball

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Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Benzene-derived carbon nanothreads (2014)

Thomas C. Fitzgibbons; Malcolm Guthrie; En-shi Xu; Vincent H. Crespi; Stephen K. Davidowski; George D. Cody; Nasim Alem; John V. Badding

Springer Nature

In: Nature Materials

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Nature Materials 14, 43 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4088 Authors: Thomas C. Fitzgibbons, Malcolm Guthrie, En-shi Xu, Vincent H. Crespi, Stephen K. Davidowski, George D. Cody, Nasim Alem & John V. Badding Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene and diamondoids have extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Compression-induced polymerization of aromatic molecules could provide a viable synthetic route to ordered carbon nanomaterials, but despite almost a century of study this approach has produced only amorphous products. Here we report recovery to ambient pressure of macroscopic quantities of a crystalline one- dimensional sp3carbon nanomaterial formed by high-pressure solid-state reaction of benzene. X-ray and neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations reveal close- packed bundles of subnanometre-diameter sp3-bonded carbon threads capped with hydrogen, crystalline in two dimensions and short-range ordered in the third. These nanothreads promise extraordinary properties such as strength and stiffness higher than that of sp2carbon nanotubes or conven tional high-strength polymers. They may be the first member of a new class of ordered sp3 nanomaterials synthesized by kinetic control of high-pressure solid-state reactions.

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Re-entrant solidification in polymer–colloid mixtures as a consequence of competing entropic and enthalpic attractions (2014)

Lang Feng; Bezia Laderman; Stefano Sacanna; Paul Chaikin

Springer Nature

In: Nature Materials

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Nature Materials 14, 61 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4109 Authors: Lang Feng, Bezia Laderman, Stefano Sacanna & Paul Chaikin In polymer–colloid mixtures, non-adsorbing polymers dispersed with much larger colloids provide a universal yet specific entropic attraction between the colloids. Such so-called depletion interaction arises from an osmotic-pressure imbalance caused by the polymers and is considered to be independent of temperature. Here we show that, for the most commonly used polymer–colloid depletion systems, the polymer undergoes a crossover from non-adsorbing to adsorbing and that, consequently, the effective colloidal interactions depend on temperature. We also find that a combination of the enthalpic (polymer bridging) and entropic (polymer exclusion) interactions, both attractive, leads to a re-entrant regime where the colloids are dispersed and form solids both on heating and on cooling. We provide a simple model to explain the observed transitions and to fill the theoretical gap at the polymer-adsorption crossover. Our findings open possibilities for colloidal self-assembly, the formation of colloidal crystals and glasses, and the behaviour of temperature-controlled viscoelastic materials.

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Giant barocaloric effect enhanced by the frustration of the antiferromagnetic phase in Mn3GaN (2014)

Daichi Matsunami; Asaya Fujita; Koshi Takenaka; Mika Kano

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In: Nature Materials

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-18

Beschreibung: Nature Materials 14, 73 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4117 Authors: Daichi Matsunami, Asaya Fujita, Koshi Takenaka & Mika Kano

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Incident light adjustable solar cell by periodic nanolens architecture (2014)

Ju-Hyung Yun; Eunsongyi Lee; Hyeong-Ho Park; Dong-Wook Kim; Wayne A. Anderson; Joondong Kim; Natalia M. Litchinitser; Jinwei Zeng; Junsin Yi; M. Melvin David Kumar; Jingbo Sun

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In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Could nanostructures act as lenses to focus incident light for efficient utilization of photovoltaics? Is it possible, in order to avoid serious recombination loss, to realize periodic nanostructures in solar cells without direct etching in a light absorbing semiconductor? Here we propose and demonstrate a promising architecture to shape nanolenses on a planar semiconductor. Optically transparent and electrically conductive nanolenses simultaneously provide the optical benefit of modulating the incident light and the electrical advantage of supporting carrier transportation. A transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanolens was designed to focus the incident light-spectrum in focal lengths overlapping to a strong electric field region for high carrier collection efficiency. The ITO nanolens effectively broadens near-zero reflection and provides high tolerance to the incident light angles. We present a record high light-conversion efficiency of 16.0% for a periodic nanostructured Si solar cell. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06879

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Efficient bi-allelic gene knockout and site-specific knock-in mediated by TALENs in pigs (2014)

Jing Yao; Jiaojiao Huang; Tang Hai; Xianlong Wang; Guosong Qin; Hongyong Zhang; Rong Wu; Chunwei Cao; Jianzhong Jeff Xi; Zengqiang Yuan; Jianguo Zhao

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In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Pigs are ideal organ donors for xenotransplantation and an excellent model for studying human diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are used widely for gene targeting in various model animals. Here, we developed a strategy using TALENs to target the GGTA1, Parkin and DJ-1 genes in the porcine genome using Large White porcine fibroblast cells without any foreign gene integration. In total, 5% (2/40), 2.5% (2/80), and 22% (11/50) of the obtained colonies of fibroblast cells were mutated for GGTA1, Parkin, and DJ-1, respectively. Among these mutant colonies, over 1/3 were bi-allelic knockouts (KO), and no off-target cleavage was detected. We also successfully used single-strand oligodeoxynucleotides to introduce a short sequence into the DJ-1 locus. Mixed DJ-1 mutant colonies were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and three female piglets were obtained (two were bi-allelically mutated, and one was mono-allelically mutated). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of the DJ-1 protein was disrupted in KO piglets. These results imply that a combination of TALENs technology with SCNT can efficiently generate bi-allelic KO pigs without the integration of exogenous DNA. These DJ-1 KO pigs will provide valuable information for studying Parkinson's disease. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06926

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Quantum magnetic phase transition in square-octagon lattice (2014)

An Bao; Hong-Shuai Tao; Hai-Di Liu; Xiao; Zhong Zhang; Wu-Ming Liu

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In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Quantum magnetic phase transition in square-octagon lattice was investigated by cellular dynamical mean field theory combining with continuous time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. Based on the systematic calculation on the density of states, the double occupancy and the Fermi surface evolution of square-octagon lattice, we presented the phase diagrams of this splendid many particle system. The competition between the temperature and the on-site repulsive interaction in the isotropic square-octagon lattice has shown that both antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic order can be found not only in the metal phase, but also in the insulating phase. Antiferromagnetic metal phase disappeared in the phase diagram that consists of the anisotropic parameter λ and the on-site repulsive interaction U while the other phases still can be detected at T = 0.17. The results found in this work may contribute to understand well the properties of some consuming systems that have square-octagon structure, quasi square-octagon structure, such as ZnO. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06918

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Thermally assisted electric field control of magnetism in flexible multiferroic heterostructures (2014)

Yiwei Liu; Qingfeng Zhan; Guohong Dai; Xiaoshan Zhang; Baomin Wang; Gang Liu; Zhenghu Zuo; Xin Rong; Huali Yang; Xiaojian Zhu; Yali Xie; Bin Chen; Run-Wei Li

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In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Thermal and electrical control of magnetic anisotropy were investigated in flexible Fe81Ga19 (FeGa)/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) multiferroic heterostructures. Due to the large anisotropic thermal deformation of PVDF (α1 = −13 × 10−6 K−1 and α2 = −145 × 10−6 K−1), the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) of FeGa can be reoriented 90° by changing the temperature across 295 K where the films are magnetically isotropic. Thus, the magnetization of FeGa can be reversed by the thermal cycling between 280 and 320 K under a constant magnetic field lower than coercivity. Moreover, under the assistance of thermal deformation with slightly heating the samples to the critical temperature, the electric field of ± 267 kV cm−1 can well align the UMA along the two orthogonal directions. The new route of combining thermal and electrical control of magnetic properties realized in PVDF-based flexible multiferroic materials shows good prospects in application of flexible thermal spintronic devices and flexible microwave magnetic materials. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06925

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The first report of a Pelecaniformes defensin cluster: Characterization of β-defensin genes in the crested ibis based on BAC libraries (2014)

Hong Lan; Hui Chen; Li-Cheng Chen; Bei-Bing Wang; Li Sun; Mei-Ying Ma; Sheng-Guo Fang; Qiu-Hong Wan

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In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Defensins play a key role in the innate immunity of various organisms. Detailed genomic studies of the defensin cluster have only been reported in a limited number of birds. Herein, we present the first characterization of defensins in a Pelecaniformes species, the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), which is one of the most endangered birds in the world. We constructed bacterial artificial chromosome libraries, including a 4D-PCR library and a reverse-4D library, which provide at least 40 equivalents of this rare bird's genome. A cluster including 14 β-defensin loci within 129 kb was assigned to chromosome 3 by FISH, and one gene duplication of AvBD1 was found. The ibis defensin genes are characterized by multiform gene organization ranging from two to four exons through extensive exon fusion. Splicing signal variations and alternative splice variants were also found. Comparative analysis of four bird species identified one common and multiple species-specific duplications, which might be associated with high GC content. Evolutionary analysis revealed birth-and-death mode and purifying selection for avian defensin evolution, resulting in different defensin gene numbers among bird species and functional conservation within orthologous genes, respectively. Additionally, we propose various directions for further research on genetic conservation in the crested ibis. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06923

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Genetic markers for toxicity of adjuvant oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines in the phase III TOSCA trial in high-risk colon cancer patients (2014)

Annamaria Ruzzo; Francesco Graziano; Fabio Galli; Elisa Giacomini; Irene Floriani; Francesca Galli; Eliana Rulli; Sara Lonardi; Monica Ronzoni; Bruno Massidda; Vittorina Zagonel; Nicoletta Pella; Claudia Mucciarini; Roberto Labianca; Maria Teresa Ionta; Enzo Veltri; Pietro Sozzi; Sandro Barni; Vincenzo Ricci; Luisa Foltran; Mario Nicolini; Edoardo Biondi; Annalisa Bramati; Daniele Turci; Silvia Lazzarelli; Claudio Verusio; Francesca Bergamo; Alberto Sobrero; Luciano Frontini; Mauro Magnani

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: We investigated 17 polymorphisms in 11 genes (TS, MTHFR, ERCC1, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM1, ABCC1, ABCC2) for their association with the toxicity of fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer patients enrolled in a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy. The TOSCA Italian adjuvant trial was conducted in high-risk stage II–III colorectal cancer patients treated with 6 or 3 months of either FOLFOX-4 or XELOX adjuvant chemotherapy. In the concomitant ancillary pharmacogenetic study, the primary endpoint was the association of polymorphisms with grade 3–4 CTCAE toxicity events (grade 2–4 for neurotoxicity). In 517 analyzed patients, grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and grade ≥ 2 neurotoxicity events occurred in 150 (29%) and in 132 patients (24.8%), respectively. Diarrhea grade ≥ 3 events occurred in 34 (6.5%) patients. None of the studied polymorphisms showed clinically relevant association with toxicity. Hopefully, genome-wide association studies will identify new and more promising genetic variants to be tested in future studies. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06828

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Embryonic origin and compartmental organization of the external genitalia (2014)

Ana M. Herrera; Martin J. Cohn

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Genital malformations occur at a high frequency in humans, affecting ~1:250 live births. The molecular mechanisms of external genital development are beginning to be identified; however, the origin of cells that give rise to external genitalia is unknown. Here we use cell lineage analysis to show that the genital tubercle, the precursor of the penis and clitoris, arises from two populations of progenitor cells that originate at the lateral edges of the embryo, at the level of the posterior hindlimb buds and anterior tail. During body wall closure, the left and right external genital progenitor pools are brought together at the ventral midline, where they form the paired genital swellings that give rise to the genital tubercle. Unexpectedly, the left and right external genital progenitor pools form two lineage-restricted compartments in the phallus. Together with previous lineage studies of limb buds, our results indicate that, at the pelvic level, the early lateral mesoderm is regionalized from medial to lateral into dorsal limb, ventral limb, and external genital progenitor fields. These findings have implications for the evolutionary diversification of external genitalia and for the association between external genital defects and disruption of body wall closure, as seen in the epispadias-extrophy complex. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06896

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Symmetrically periodic segregation in a vertically vibrated binary granular bed (2014)

Pingping Wen; Ning Zheng; Liangsheng Li; Qingfan Shi

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Periodic segregation behaviors in fine mixtures of copper and alumina particles, including both percolation and eruption stages, are experimentally investigated by varying the ambient air pressure and vibrational acceleration. For the cases with moderate air pressure, the heaping profile of the granular bed keeps symmetrical in the whole periodic segregation. The symmetrical shape of the upper surface of the granular bed in the eruption stage, which resembles a miniature volcanic eruption, could be described by the Mogi model that illuminates the genuine volcanic eruption in the geography. When the air pressure increases, an asymmetrical heaping profile is observed in the eruption stage of periodic segregation. With using the image processing technique, we estimate a relative height difference between the copper and the alumina particles as the order parameter to quantitatively characterize the evolution of periodic segregation. Both eruption and percolation time, extracted from the order parameter, are plotted as a function of the vibration strength. Finally, we briefly discuss the air effect on the granular segregation behaviors. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06914

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Re-building Daniell Cell with a Li-ion exchange Film (2014)

Xiaoli Dong; Yonggang Wang; Yongyao Xia

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Daniell cell (i.e. Zn-Cu battery) is widely used in chemistry curricula to illustrate how batteries work, although it has been supplanted in the late 19th century by more modern battery designs because of Cu2+-crossover-induced self-discharge and un-rechargeable characteristic. Herein, it is re-built by using a ceramic Li-ion exchange film to separate Cu and Zn electrodes for preventing Cu2+-crossover between two electrodes. The re-built Zn-Cu battery can be cycled for 150 times without capacity attenuation and self-discharge, and displays a theoretical energy density of 68.3 Wh kg−1. It is more important that both electrodes of the battery are renewable, reusable, low toxicity and environmentally friendly. Owing to these advantages mentioned above, the re-built Daniell cell can be considered as a promising and green stationary power source for large-scale energy storage. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06916

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Anatomy and efficiency of urban multimodal mobility (2014)

Riccardo Gallotti; Marc Barthelemy

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: The growth of transportation networks and their increasing interconnections, although positive, has the downside effect of an increasing complexity which make them difficult to use, to assess, and limits their efficiency. On average in the UK, 23% of travel time is lost in connections for trips with more than one mode, and the lack of synchronization decreases very slowly with population size. This lack of synchronization between modes induces differences between the theoretical quickest trip and the ‘time-respecting’ path, which takes into account waiting times at interconnection nodes. We analyse here the statistics of these paths on the multilayer, temporal network of the entire, multimodal british public transportation system. We propose a statistical decomposition – the ‘anatomy’ – of trips in urban areas, in terms of riding, waiting and walking times, and which shows how the temporal structure of trips varies with distance and allows us to compare different cities. Weaknesses in systems can be either insufficient transportation speed or service frequency, but the key parameter controlling their global efficiency is the total number of stop events per hour for all modes. This analysis suggests the need for better optimization strategies, adapted to short, long unimodal or multimodal trips. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06911

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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The effect of fluorescent nanodiamonds on neuronal survival and morphogenesis (2014)

Yung-An Huang; Chun-Wei Kao; Kuang-Kai Liu; Hou-Syun Huang; Ming-Han Chiang; Ching-Ren Soo; Huan-Cheng Chang; Tzai-Wen Chiu; Jui-I Chao; Eric Hwang

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Nanodiamond (ND) has emerged as a promising carbon nanomaterial for therapeutic applications. In previous studies, ND has been reported to have outstanding biocompatibility and high uptake rate in various cell types. ND containing nitrogen-vacancy centers exhibit fluorescence property is called fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), and has been applied for bio-labeling agent. However, the influence and application of FND on the nervous system remain elusive. In order to study the compatibility of FND on the nervous system, neurons treated with FNDs in vitro and in vivo were examined. FND did not induce cytotoxicity in primary neurons from either central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS); neither did intracranial injection of FND affect animal behavior. The neuronal uptake of FNDs was confirmed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. However, FND caused a concentration-dependent decrease in neurite length in both CNS and PNS neurons. Time-lapse live cell imaging showed that the reduction of neurite length was due to the spatial hindrance of FND on advancing axonal growth cone. These findings demonstrate that FNDs exhibit low neuronal toxicity but interfere with neuronal morphogenesis, and should be taken into consideration when applications involve actively growing neurites (e.g. nerve regeneration). Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06919

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Citric Acid-based Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds Enhance Calvarial Regeneration (2014)

Dawei Sun; Yuhui Chen; Richard T. Tran; Song Xu; Denghui Xie; Chunhong Jia; Yuchen Wang; Ying Guo; Zhongmin Zhang; Jinshan Guo; Jian Yang; Dadi Jin; Xiaochun Bai

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Citric acid-based polymer/hydroxyapatite composites (CABP-HAs) are a novel class of biomimetic composites that have recently attracted significant attention in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of using two different CABP-HAs, poly (1,8-octanediol citrate)-click-HA (POC-Click-HA) and crosslinked urethane-doped polyester-HA (CUPE-HA) as an alternative to autologous tissue grafts in the repair of skeletal defects. CABP-HA disc-shaped scaffolds (65 wt.-% HA with 70% porosity) were used as bare implants without the addition of growth factors or cells to renovate 4 mm diameter rat calvarial defects (n = 72, n = 18 per group). Defects were either left empty (negative control group), or treated with CUPE-HA scaffolds, POC-Click-HA scaffolds, or autologous bone grafts (AB group). Radiological and histological data showed a significant enhancement of osteogenesis in defects treated with CUPE-HA scaffolds when compared to POC-Click-HA scaffolds. Both, POC-Click-HA and CUPE-HA scaffolds, resulted in enhanced bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, and angiogenesis when compared to the control groups at 1, 3, and 6 months post-trauma. These results show the potential of CABP-HA bare implants as biocompatible, osteogenic, and off-shelf-available options in the repair of orthopedic defects. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06912

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Ionic electroactive polymer artificial muscles in space applications (2014)

Andres Punning; Kwang J. Kim; Viljar Palmre; Frédéric Vidal; Cédric Plesse; Nicolas Festin; Ali Maziz; Kinji Asaka; Takushi Sugino; Gursel Alici; Geoff Spinks; Gordon Wallace; Indrek Must; Inga Põldsalu; Veiko Vunder; Rauno Temmer; Karl Kruusamäe; Janno Torop; Friedrich Kaasik; Pille Rinne; Urmas Johanson; Anna-Liisa Peikolainen; Tarmo Tamm; Alvo Aabloo

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: A large-scale effort was carried out to test the performance of seven types of ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators in space-hazardous environmental factors in laboratory conditions. The results substantiate that the IEAP materials are tolerant to long-term freezing and vacuum environments as well as ionizing Gamma-, X-ray, and UV radiation at the levels corresponding to low Earth orbit (LEO) conditions. The main aim of this material behaviour investigation is to understand and predict device service time for prolonged exposure to space environment. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06913

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Controllable Schottky Barriers between MoS2 and Permalloy (2014)

Weiyi Wang; Yanwen Liu; Lei Tang; Yibo Jin; Tongtong Zhao; Faxian Xiu

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: MoS2 is a layered two-dimensional material with strong spin-orbit coupling and long spin lifetime, which is promising for electronic and spintronic applications. However, because of its large band gap and small electron affinity, a considerable Schottky barrier exists between MoS2 and contact metal, hindering the further study of spin transport and spin injection in MoS2. Although substantial progress has been made in improving device performance, the existence of metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier has not yet been fully understood. Here, we investigate permalloy (Py) contacts to both multilayer and monolayer MoS2. Ohmic contact is developed between multilayer MoS2 and Py electrodes with a negative Schottky barrier, which yields a high field-effect mobility exceeding 55 cm2V−1s−1 at low temperature. Further, by applying back gate voltage and inserting different thickness of Al2O3 layer between the metal and monolayer MoS2, we have achieved a good tunability of the Schottky barrier height (down to zero). These results are important in improving the performance of MoS2 transistor devices; and it may pave the way to realize spin transport and spin injection in MoS2. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06928

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Level Anticrossing of Impurity States in Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2014)

Anvar S. Baimuratov; Ivan D. Rukhlenko; Vadim K. Turkov; Irina O. Ponomareva; Mikhail Yu. Leonov; Tatiana S. Perova; Kevin Berwick; Alexander V. Baranov; Anatoly V. Fedorov

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: The size dependence of the quantized energies of elementary excitations is an essential feature of quantum nanostructures, underlying most of their applications in science and technology. Here we report on a fundamental property of impurity states in semiconductor nanocrystals that appears to have been overlooked—the anticrossing of energy levels exhibiting different size dependencies. We show that this property is inherent to the energy spectra of charge carriers whose spatial motion is simultaneously affected by the Coulomb potential of the impurity ion and the confining potential of the nanocrystal. The coupling of impurity states, which leads to the anticrossing, can be induced by interactions with elementary excitations residing inside the nanocrystal or an external electromagnetic field. We formulate physical conditions that allow a straightforward interpretation of level anticrossings in the nanocrystal energy spectrum and an accurate estimation of the states' coupling strength. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06917

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Preen secretions encode information on MHC similarity in certain sex-dyads in a monogamous seabird (2014)

Sarah Leclaire; Wouter F. D. van Dongen; Steeve Voccia; Thomas Merkling; Christine Ducamp; Scott A. Hatch; Pierrick BlanchardÉtienne Danchin; Richard H. Wagner

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: Animals are known to select mates to maximize the genetic diversity of their offspring in order to achieve immunity against a broader range of pathogens. Although several bird species preferentially mate with partners that are dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it remains unknown whether they can use olfactory cues to assess MHC similarity with potential partners. Here we combined gas chromatography data with genetic similarity indices based on MHC to test whether similarity in preen secretion chemicals correlated with MHC relatedness in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a species that preferentially mates with genetically dissimilar partners. We found that similarity in preen secretion chemicals was positively correlated with MHC relatedness in male-male and male-female dyads. This study provides the first evidence that preen secretion chemicals can encode information on MHC relatedness and suggests that odor-based mechanisms of MHC-related mate choice may occur in birds. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06920

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Frequency-Controls of Electromagnetic Multi-Beam Scanning by Metasurfaces (2014)

Yun Bo Li; Xiang Wan; Ben Geng Cai; Qiang Cheng; Tie Jun Cui

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: We propose a method to control electromagnetic (EM) radiations by holographic metasurfaces, including to producing multi-beam scanning in one dimension (1D) and two dimensions (2D) with the change of frequency. The metasurfaces are composed of subwavelength metallic patches on grounded dielectric substrate. We present a combined theory of holography and leaky wave to realize the multi-beam radiations by exciting the surface interference patterns, which are generated by interference between the excitation source and required radiation waves. As the frequency changes, we show that the main lobes of EM radiation beams could accomplish 1D or 2D scans regularly by using the proposed holographic metasurfaces shaped with different interference patterns. This is the first time to realize 2D scans of antennas by changing the frequency. Full-wave simulations and experimental results validate the proposed theory and confirm the corresponding physical phenomena. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06921

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Continuity of states between the cholesteric → line hexatic transition and the condensation transition in DNA solutions (2014)

Selcuk Yasar; Rudolf Podgornik; Jessica Valle-Orero; Mark R. Johnson; V. Adrian Parsegian

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06

Beschreibung: A new method of finely temperature-tuning osmotic pressure allows one to identify the cholesteric → line hexatic transition of oriented or unoriented long-fragment DNA bundles in monovalent salt solutions as first order, with a small but finite volume discontinuity. This transition is similar to the osmotic pressure-induced expanded → condensed DNA transition in polyvalent salt solutions at small enough polyvalent salt concentrations. Therefore there exists a continuity of states between the two. This finding, together with the corresponding empirical equation of state, effectively relates the phase diagram of DNA solutions for monovalent salts to that for polyvalent salts and sheds some light on the complicated interactions between DNA molecules at high densities. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06877

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Glucose transporter 1-mediated glucose uptake is limiting for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia anabolic metabolism and resistance to apoptosis (2014)

T Liu; R J Kishton; A N Macintyre; V A Gerriets; H Xiang; X Liu; E D Abel; D Rizzieri; J W Locasale; J C Rathmell

Springer Nature

In: Cell Death & Disease

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-07

Beschreibung: Glucose transporter 1-mediated glucose uptake is limiting for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia anabolic metabolism and resistance to apoptosis Cell Death and Disease 5, e1516 (November 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.493 Authors: T Liu, R J Kishton, A N Macintyre, V A Gerriets, H Xiang, X Liu, E D Abel, D Rizzieri, J W Locasale & J C Rathmell

Digitale ISSN: 2041-4889

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Bortezomib enhances cancer cell death by blocking the autophagic flux through stimulating ERK phosphorylation (2014)

C Kao; A Chao; C-L Tsai; W-C Chuang; W-P Huang; G-C Chen; C-Y Lin; T-H Wang; H-S Wang; C-H Lai

Springer Nature

In: Cell Death & Disease

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-07

Beschreibung: Bortezomib enhances cancer cell death by blocking the autophagic flux through stimulating ERK phosphorylation Cell Death and Disease 5, e1510 (November 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.468 Authors: C Kao, A Chao, C-L Tsai, W-C Chuang, W-P Huang, G-C Chen, C-Y Lin, T-H Wang, H-S Wang & C-H Lai

Digitale ISSN: 2041-4889

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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