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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Assignment problem ; computer models ; distribution sampling ; estimation ; integer programming ; large-scale modelling ; Latin hypercube ; optimization ; sampling ; sensitivity analysis ; Stichprobenverfahren ; Permutationsmatrizen ; implizite Funktionen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lateinische Hyperwürfel Stichprobenverfahren (LHS) dienen dazu, in geeigneter Weise die Verteilungsfunktion (zumindest angenähert) der Funktionswerte einer komplexen (impliziten) Funktion, in Abhängigkeit ihrer Variablen werte, zu schätzen. Anwendungen finden sich in Modellen, in denen erforderliche Variablenumformungen nicht möglich sind und in denen die Zahl der Simulationsläufe aus zeitlichen Gründen gering zu halten oder fixiert ist. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Werte in jedem Lauf den Variablen zuzuordnen sind. Herkömmliche Vorgehensweisen benutzen ausgefeilte, geschichtete Stichprobenverfahren, die jedoch Fehler bei der Bestimmung von Varianz und Kovarianz, aufgrund der Korrelation der Stichprobenpaare, beinhalten können. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Methode beschrieben, den absoluten Fehler zwischen dem tatsächlichen und dem korrelierenden Stichprobenpaar so klein wie möglich zu halten. Selbst für kleine Stichprobenumfänge können dabei schon optimale Pläne erzielt werden. Permutationsmatrizen haben die Eigenschaft, die Summe der Korrelationen zwischen Spaltenpaaren zu minimieren. Die vorgestellte Heuristik ist in der Lage, in allen getesteten Fällen das Optimum zu finden.
    Notes: Abstract The objective of Latin Hypercube Sampling is to determine an effective procedure for sampling from a (possibly correlated) multivariate population to estimate the distribution function (or at least a significant number of moments) of a complicated function of its variables. The typical application involves a computer-based model in which it is largely impossible to find a way (closed form or numerical) to do the necessary transformation of variables and where it is expensive to run in terms of computing resources and time. Classical approaches to hypercube sampling have used sophisticated stratified sampling techniques; but such sampling may provide incorrect measures of the output parameters' variances or covariances due to correlation between the sampling pairs. In this work, we offer a strategy which provides a sampling specification minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the pairwise differences between the true and sampled correlation pairs. We show that optimal plans can be obtained for even small sample sizes. We consider the characteristics of permutation matrices which minimize the sum of correlations between column pairs and then present an effective heuristic for solution. This heuristic generally finds plans which match the correlation structure exactly. When it does not, we provide a hybrid lagrangian/heuristic method, which empirically has found the optimal solution for all cases tested.
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  • 2
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    Positivity 1 (1997), S. 319-330 
    ISSN: 1572-9281
    Keywords: delay equations ; stability ; positive solutions ; spectral growth condition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove stability for a semilinear delay equation, whose nonlinearity is majorized by a linear positive operator. The key ingredients are a spectral condition, positivity of solutions to the linear problem, and lattice properties of the Banach space.
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  • 3
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    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: differential inclusion ; invariance ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of invariance, stability, asymptotic stability and attainability of a given compact set $$K \subset \mathbb{R}^n $$ with respect to a differential inclusion, have weak and strong versions: the weak version requires existence of a trajectory with the corresponding property, while the strong one requires this property for all trajectories. The following statement is proven in the paper (under slight restrictions) for each of the above-mentioned properties: if K has the weak property with respect to $$\dot x \in F(x) $$ , then there is a (regulation) mapping G such that G(x) ⊂ F(x) ∀ x and G has the strong property with respect to $${\dot x}$$ ε G(x). In addition, certain regularity of the set of solutions of the last inclusion is claimed.
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  • 4
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    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 365-375 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: set-valued mappings ; vector optimization ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We establish optimization results for set-valued mappings, with the image space given by a topological vector space partially ordered by a cone. Moreover, we obtain stability results relative to parametrized optimization problems. We use a weak semicontinuity concept related to the order structure of the image space and show how compactness assumptions used in previous papers can be lightened.
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  • 5
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    Annals of operations research 58 (1995), S. 379-402 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Optimal control ; stochastic control ; dynamic systems ; economics ; public-sector applications ; optimization ; budgetary policies ; monetary policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we determine optimal budgetary and monetary policies for Austria using a small macroeconometric model. We use a Keynesian model of the Austrian economy, called FINPOL1, estimated by ordinary least squares, which relates the main objective variables of Austrian economic policies, such as the growth rate of real gross domestic product, the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, the balance of payments, and the ratio of the federal budget deficit to GDP, to fiscal and monetary policy instruments, namely expenditures and revenues of the federal budget and money supply. Optimal fiscal and monetary policies are calculated for the model under a quadratic objective function using the algorithm OPTCON for the optimum control of nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems. Several control experiments are performed in order to assess the influence of different kinds of uncertainty on optimal budgetary and monetary policies. Apart from deterministic optimization runs, different assumptions about parameter uncertainties are introduced; the results of these different stochastic optimum control experiments are compared and interpreted.
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    Annals of operations research 56 (1995), S. 79-93 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Multistage stochastic programs ; optimization in Banach spaces ; stability ; approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Multistage stochastic programs are regarded as mathematical programs in a Banach spaceX of summable functions. Relying on a result for parametric programs in Banach spaces, the paper presents conditions under which linearly constrained convex multistage problems behave stably when the (input) data process is subjected to (small) perturbations. In particular, we show the persistence of optimal solutions, the local Lipschitz continuity of the optimal value and the upper semicontinuity of optimal sets with respect to the weak topology inX. The linear case with deterministic first-stage decisions is studied in more detail.
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  • 7
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    Annals of operations research 56 (1995), S. 287-311 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Probability functions ; gradient of integral ; sensitivity analysis ; optimization ; discrete event dynamic systems ; shut-down problem ; probabilistic risk analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Probability functions depending upon parameters are represented as integrals over sets given by inequalities. New derivative formulas for the intergrals over a volume are considered. Derivatives are presented as sums of integrals over a volume and over a surface. Two examples are discussed: probability functions with linear constraints (random right-hand sides), and a dynamical shut-down problem with sensors.
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  • 8
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    Journal of heuristics 3 (1997), S. 63-81 
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Keywords: Large-step Markov chain ; optimization ; simulated annealing ; traveling salesman problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The large-step Markov chain (LSMC) approach is the most effective known heuristic for large symmetric TSP instances; cf. recent results of [Martin, Otto and Felten, 1991] and [Johnson, 1990]. In this paper, we examine relationships among (i) the underlying local optimization engine within the LSMC approach, (ii) the “kick move” perturbation that is applied between successive local search descents, and (iii) the resulting LSMC solution quality. We find that the traditional “double-bridge” kick move is not necessarily optimum: stronger local optimization engines (e.g., Lin-Kernighan) are best matched with stronger kick moves. We also propose use of an adaptive temperature schedule to allow escape from deep basins of attraction; the resulting hierarchical LSMC variant outperforms traditional LSMC implementations that use uniformly zero temperatures. Finally, a population-based LSMC variant is studied, wherein multiple solution paths can interact to achieve improved solution quality.
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  • 9
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    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 9 (1997), S. 463-505 
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: Difference equations ; random perturbation ; averaging ; diffusion approximation ; randomly perturbed iterations ; stability ; 3SR60 ; 60H15 ; 60J99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let (X, ℬ) and (Y,C) be two measurable spaces withX being a linear space. A system is determined by two functionsf(X): X→ X andϕ:X×Y→X, a (small) positive parameterε and a homogeneous Markov chain {y n } in (Y,C) which describes random perturbations. States of the system, say {x n ɛ ∈X, n=0, 1,⋯}, are determined by the iteration relations:x n+1 ɛ =f(x n ɛ )+ɛϕ(x n ɛ ,Yn+1) forn≥0, wherex 0 ɛ =x 0 is given. Here we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutionx n ɛ asε → 0 andn → ∞ under various assumptions on the data. General results are applied to some problems in epidemics, genetics and demographics.
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  • 10
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    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 377-390 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: differential inclusions ; stability ; boundedness of solutions ; Lyapunov functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For Lipschitzian differential inclusions, we prove that the existence of suitable Lyapunov functions is necessary for uniform stability and uniform boundedness of solutions.
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  • 11
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    Annals of operations research 57 (1995), S. 217-232 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Scheduling ; robotic cell ; tandem machines ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with the scheduling of a robotic cell in which jobs are processed on two tandem machines. The job transportation between the machines is done by a transportation robot. The robotic cell has limitations on the intermediate space between the machines for storing the work-in-process. What complicates the scheduling problem is that the loading/unloading operation times are non-negligible. Given the total number of operationsn, an optimalO(n logn)-time algorithm is proposed together with the proof of optimality.
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    Annals of operations research 58 (1995), S. 243-260 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Assignment problem ; computer models ; distribution sampling ; estimation ; integer programming ; large-scale modelling ; latin hypercube ; optimization ; sampling ; sensitivity analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Latin hypercube sampling is often used to estimate the distribution function of a complicated function of many random variables. In so doing, it is typically necessary to choose a permutation matrix which minimizes the correlation among the cells in the hypercube layout. This problem can be formulated as a generalized, multi-dimensional assignment problem. For the two-dimensional case, we provide a polynomial algorithm. For higher dimensions, we offer effective heuristic and bounding procedures.
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  • 13
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    BIT 17 (1977), S. 321-328 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: 5.15 ; nonlinear equation ; root finding ; multiple root ; secant method ; Steffensen procedure ; order of convergence ; efficiency ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A superlinear procedure for finding a multiple root is presented. In it the secant method is applied to the given function divided by a divided difference whose increment shrinks toward zero as the root is approached. Two function evaluations per step are required, but no derivatives need be calculated.
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  • 14
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    Advances in computational mathematics 4 (1995), S. 1-26 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: Wavelets ; biorthogonal wavelets ; stability ; primary 15A12 ; 65F35 ; secondary 42C15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For orthogonal wavelets, the discrete wavelet and wave packet transforms and their inverses are orthogonal operators with perfect numerical stability. For biorthogonal wavelets, numerical instabilities can occur. We derive bounds for the 2-norm and average 2-norm of these transforms, including efficient numerical estimates if the numberL of decomposition levels is small, as well as growth estimates forL → ∞. These estimates allow easy determination of numerical stability directly from the wavelet coefficients. Examples show that many biorthogonal wavelets are in fact numerically well behaved.
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  • 15
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    Annals of global analysis and geometry 13 (1995), S. 141-148 
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Keywords: Gauss curvature ; stability ; 53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove that a domain on a surface of constant curvature is stable provided the integral of the mean curvature is small enough.
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  • 16
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    Annals of global analysis and geometry 15 (1997), S. 277-297 
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Keywords: mean curvature ; $$r$$ -mean curvature ; sphere ; stability ; stable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We deal with compact hypersurfaces immersed in space forms with constant $$r$$ -mean curvature. They are critical points for a variational problem. We show they are stable if and only if they are geodesic spheres, generalizing results on constant curvature hypersurfaces.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: finite difference methods ; wave equation ; accuracy ; stability ; Padé approximants ; order stars ; Riemann surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider three time-level difference schemes, symmetric in time and space, for the solution of the wave equation,u tt =c 2 u xx , given by $$\sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {b_j U_{n + 1,m + j} + } \sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {a_j U_{n,m + j} + } \sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {b_j U_{n - 1,m + j} } = 0.$$ It has already been proved that the maximal order of accuracyp of such schemes is given byp ≤ 2(s + S). In this paper we show that the requirement of stability does not reduce this maximal order for any choice of the pair (s, S). The result is proved by introducing an order star on the Riemann surface of the algebraic function associated with the scheme. Furthermore, Padé schemes, withS = 0,s 〉 0, ands = 0,S 〉 0, are proved to be stable for 0 〈 μ 〈 1, where μ is the Courant number. These schemes can be implemented with high-order absorbing boundary conditions without reducing the range of μ for which stable solutions are obtained.
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  • 18
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 48 (1997), S. 13-32 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: limit cycles ; vector fields ; oscillation theory ; second-order dynamic systems ; qualitative theory of dynamic systems ; phase portrait ; optimization ; 16th Hilbert Problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a solution to the problem to find isolated closed trajectories of two-dimensional dynamic systems. In contrast to the method of Bendixson’s ring regions, the new method is constructive. It allows the determination of the location of closed trajectories and therefore gives an upper bound for their number. The method is based on the idea to use inherent geometrical and physical extremal properties of these trajectories to transform the problem into an optimization task (isoperimetric problem of variational calculus) that can be solved by numerical algorithms, e.g., by hillclimbing.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 49 (1997), S. 35-54 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: dynamical systems ; stability ; pseudo orbit tracing property ; nonstandard analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is known that it is not possible to introduce C0 -structural stability for whole systems in topological dynamics. Using the methods of Nonstandard Analysis, we suggest four different purely topological stability concepts for dynamical systems on compact subsets of Rn. Classically these amount to considering the space of all systems on a given subset of Rn as the fundamental entity when deforming a continuous system (instead of the space of all continuous systems as is normally done in topological dynamics). For two of the introduced stability concepts, we will show that all minimal flows are stable in this sense. Besides this, we will show that one of our stability concepts is related to what is called the pseudo orbit tracing property in a recently published book by Aoki and Hiraide and compare some of our results to the theory of dynamical systems as presented there.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 335-348 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q53 ; 39A12 ; 58F07 ; evolution equations ; integrability ; singularity analysis ; bilinear formalism ; Painlevé equations ; singularity confinement ; discrete Painlevé equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a review of the various integrability detectors that have been developed based on the study of the singularities of the solutions of a given equation: the Painlevé method for continuous systems, and the singularity confinement approach for discrete ones. In each case the KdV equation was instrumental in the formulation of the conjectures relating the singularity structure to integrability.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 349-360 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; 35Q51 ; evolution equations ; generalized Yang-Mills flows ; Darboux transformations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An evolution equation is added to the generalized self-dual Yang-Mills equations. The evolution equation contains terms of negative powers of the spectral parameter as well as terms of positive powers. The Darboux matrix method is used to obtain explicit solutions, especially single and multiple solitons. All integrable soliton equations in the framework of AKNS system (inR n+1 orR 1+1) can be derived from the generalized Yang-Mills flows by reduction.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 489-505 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q53 ; 58F07 ; Korteweg-de Vries equation ; solitons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several constructions and an explicit expression for the right-hand side of the KdV hierarchy are presented.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 507-516 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; waves ; solitons
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract At the end of the sixties, it was shown that pressure waves in a bubbly liquid obey the KdV equation, the nonlinear term coming from convective acceleration and the dispersive term from volume oscillations of the bubbles. For a variableu, proportional to −p, wherep denotes pressure, the appropriate KdV equation can be casted in the formu t −6uu x +u xxx =0. The theory of this equation predicts that, under certain conditions, solitons evolve from an initial profileu(x,0). In particular, it can be shown that the numberN of those solitons can be found from solving the eigenvalue problemψ xx−u(x,0)ψ=0, withψ(0)=1 andψ′(0)=0.N is found from counting the zeros of the solution of this equation betweenx=0 andx=Q, say,Q being determined by the shape ofu(x,0). We took as an initial pressure profile a Shockwave, followed by an expansion wave. This can be realised in the laboratory and the problem, formulated above, can be solved exactly. In this contribution the solution is outlined and it is shown from the experimental results that from the said initial disturbance, indeed solitons evolve in the predicated quantity.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 41 (1995), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; 35Q58 ; 15A63 ; KP hierarchy ; constraints ; bilinear method
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider generalizedk-constraints of the KP hierarchy where the Lax operatorL is forced to satisfy L − k =q∂−1r. We study the effect of those constraints on the bilinear equations.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 295-305 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; initial-boundary value problem ; semi-infinite line ; integrable equations
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We review a new method for linearizing the initial-boundary value problem of the KdV on the semi-infinite line for decaying initial and boundary data. We also present a novel class of physically important integrable equations. These equations, which include generalizations of the KdV, of the modified KdV, of the nonlinear Schrödinger and of theN-wave interactions, are as generic as their celebrated counterparts and, furthermore it appears that they describe certain physical situations more accurately.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 277-294 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q53 ; 58F07 ; Painlevé analysis ; Bäcklund transformation ; Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation ; singular manifold methods
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The nonlinear equationm ty =(m yxx +m x m y ) x is throughly analyzed. The Painlevé test yields a positive result. The Bäckhand transformations are found and the Darboux-MoutardMatveev formalism arises in the context of this analysis. Some solutions and their interactions are also analyzed. The singular manifold equations are also used to determine symmetry reductions. This procedure can be related with the direct method of Clarkson and Kruskal.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; functionals ; limit pass ; dispersion ; Cauchy problem ; Galerkin method
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present the new approach to the background of approximate methods of convergence based on the theory of functional solutions and solutions in the mean one for conservation laws. The applications to the Cauchy problem to KdV equation, when dispersion tends to zero are considered. Also the Galerkin method for a periodic problem for the KdV equation is considered.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 245-276 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; symmetry reductions ; exact solutions ; shallow water wave equation
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study symmetry reductions and exact solutions of the shallow water wave (SWW) equation $$u_{xxxt} + \alpha u_x u_{xt} + \beta u_t u_{xx} - u_{xt} - u_{xx} = 0,$$ whereα andβ are arbitrary, nonzero, constants, which is derivable using the so-called Boussinesq approximation. Two special cases of this equation, or the equivalent nonlocal equation obtained by settingu x =U, have been discussed in the literature. The caseα=2β was discussed by Ablowitz, Kaup, Newell and Segur (Stud. Appl. Math.,53 (1974), 249), who showed that this case was solvable by inverse scattering through a second-order linear problem. This case and the caseα=β were studied by Hirota and Satsuma (J. Phys. Soc. Japan,40 (1976), 611) using Hirota's bi-linear technique. Further, the caseα=β is solvable by inverse scattering through a third-order linear problem. In this paper, a catalogue of symmetry reductions is obtained using the classical Lie method and the nonclassical method due to Bluman and Cole (J. Math. Mech,18 (1969), 1025). The classical Lie method yields symmetry reductions of (1) expressible in terms of the first, third and fifth Painlevé transcendents and Weierstrass elliptic functions. The nonclassical method yields a plethora of exact solutions of (1) withα=β which possess a rich variety of qualitative behaviours. These solutions all like a two-soliton solution fort 〈 0 but differ radically fort 〉 0 and may be viewed as a nonlinear superposition of two solitons, one travelling to the left with arbitrary speed and the other to the right with equal and opposite speed. These families of solutions have important implications with regard to the numerical analysis of SWW and suggests that solving (1) numerically could pose some fundamental difficulties. In particular, one would not be able to distinguish the solutions in an initial-value problem since an exponentially small change in the initial conditions can result in completely different qualitative behaviours. We compare the two-soliton solutions obtained using the nonclassical method to those obtained using the singular manifold method and Hirota's bi-linear method. Further, we show that there is an analogous nonlinear superposition of solutions for two (2+1)dimensional generalisations of the SWW Equation (1) withα=β. This yields solutions expressible as the sum of two solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation.
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    Mathematische Annalen 303 (1995), S. 47-62 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Keywords: 14H40 ; 17B20 ; 32L05 ; 58F07
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Letters in mathematical physics 34 (1995), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 35Q58 ; 58F07
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An explanation for the so-called constrained hierarchies is presented by linking them with the symmetries of the KP hierarchy. While the existence of ordinary symmetries (belonging to the hierarchy) allows one to reduce the KP hierarchy to the KdV hierarchies, the existence of additional symmetries allows one to reduce the KP to the constrained KP.
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    Letters in mathematical physics 34 (1995), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 58F07
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We define Poisson structures which lead to a tri-Hamiltonian formulation for the full Kostant-Toda lattice. In addition, a hierarchy of vector fields called master symmetries are constructed and they are used to generate the nonlinear Poisson brackets and other invariants. Various deformation relations are investigated. The results are analogous to results for the finite nonperiodic Toda lattice.
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    Letters in mathematical physics 33 (1995), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 35Q53 ; 58F07 ; 17B66
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract TheW KP (N) algebra has been identified with the second Hamiltonian structure in theNth Hamiltonian pair of the KP hierarchy. In this Letter, by constructing the Miura map that decomposes the second Hamiltonian structure in theNth pair of the KP hierarchy, we show thatW KP (N) can also be decomposed toN independent copies ofW KP (1) algebras, therefore its free-field realization can be worked out by constructing free fields for each copy ofW KP (1) . In this way, the free fields may consist ofN + 2n number of bosons, among them, 2n are in pairs, wheren is an arbitrary integer between 1 andN. We also express the currents ofW KP (N) in terms of the currents ofN —n copies of U(1) andn copies of SL(2,R) k algebras with levelk = 1. By reductions, we give similar results forW ∞ (N) andW 3 (2) algebra.
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    Letters in mathematical physics 35 (1995), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 35Q58 ; 58F07
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A constrained KP hierarchy is discussed that was recently suggested by Aratynet al. and by Bonoraet al. This hierarchy is a restriction of the KP to a submanifold of operators which can be represented as a ratio of two purely differential operators of prescribed orders. Explicit formulas for action of vector fields on these two differential operators are written which gives a new description of the hierarchy and provides a new, more constructive proof of compatibility of the constraint with the hierarchy. Also, the Poisson structure of the constrained hierarchy is discussed.
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    Letters in mathematical physics 35 (1995), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 35Q51 ; 35Q53 ; 58F07 ; 81R10
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the Darboux type transformations for the spectral problems of supersymmetric KdV systems. The supersymmetric analogies of Darboux and Darboux-Levi transformations are established for the spectral problems of Manin-Radul-Mathieu sKdV and Manin-Radul sKdV. Several Bäcklund transformations are derived for the MRM sKdV and MR sKdV systems.
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    Journal of nonlinear science 5 (1995), S. 373-418 
    ISSN: 1432-1467
    Keywords: Hamiltonian system with symmetry ; relative equilibria ; perturbation ; linearization ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A relative equilibrium of a Hamiltonian system with symmetry is a point of phase space giving an evolution which is a one-parameter orbit of the action of the symmetry group of the system. The evolutions of sufficiently small perturbations of a formally stable relative equilibrium are arbitrarily confined to that relative equilibrium's orbit under the isotropy subgroup of its momentum. However, interesting evolution along that orbit, here called drift, does occur. In this article, linearizations of relative equilibria are used to construct a first order perturbation theory explaining drift, and also to determine when the set of relative equilibria near a given relative equilibrium is a smooth symplectic submanifold of phase space.
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    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 14 (1995), S. 127-136 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Nondestructive evaluation ; corrosion monitoring ; electrical impedance tomography ; stability ; numerical methods
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the problem of detecting and assessing, by means of static electrical measurements, damage due to corrosion in a structure. Corrosion damage, which is assumed to occur in an inaccessible part of a specimen, is modelled as material loss. The detection device consists of electrodes which inject DC current and measure voltage potentials in the accessible part of the specimen. The topography of the damaged surface is estimated from the measured data. This research is meant to evaluate if a method based on static electrical measurements has the potential to be developed into a useful nondestructive evaluation tool. We propose computational methods that take the measured data and estimate the unknown damaged surface. The methods are studied in order to understand their properties. Several example calculations from synthetic data are presented. Our findings indicate that such a device has limited resolution. However, it offers several advantages that make it worthwhile to pursue further research.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 93-125 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; integration ; finite-gap theory
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 39-67 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; gravity waves ; internal solitons ; nonlinear accoustics ; plasma physics
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 5-37 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; integrability ; KdV equation ; nonlinear integrable wave functions ; monodromy problems ; automorphic functions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The study of integrable systems and the notion of integrability has been re-energized with the discovery that infinite-dimensional systems such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation are integrable. In this paper, the following novel aspects of integrability are described: (i) solutions of Darboux, Brioschi, Halphen-type systems and their relationships to monodromy problems and automorphic functions, (ii) computational chaos in integrable systems, (iii) we explain why we believe that homoclinic structures and homoclinic chaos associated with nonlinear integrable wave problems, will be observed in appropriate laboratory experiments.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 69-84 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; classical inverse scattering method ; nonlinear Schrödinger equation ; soliton theory
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; optical solitons ; integrability ; controllability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A brief historical review and recent developments of theories and experiments of optical solitons in fibers are presented with particular emphasis on their integrability and controllability in real systems.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 175-192 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q53 ; 58F07 ; Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation ; spectral transform
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The solutionu(t, x, y) of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I (KPI) equation with given initial data u(0,x, y) belonging to the Schwartz space is considered. No additional special constraints, usually considered in the literature as ∝dxu(0,x,y)=0 are required to be satisfied by the initial data. The spectral theory associated with KPI is studied in the space of the Fourier transform of the solutions. The variablesp={p 1,p 1} of the Fourier space are shown to be the most convenient spectral variables to use for spectral data. Spectral data are shown to decay rapidly at largep but to be discontinuous atp=0. Direct and inverse problems are solved with special attention to the behavior of all the quantities involved in the neighborhood oft=0 andp=0. It is shown in particular that the solutionu(t, x, y) has a time derivative discontinuous att = 0 and that at anyt ≠ 0 it does not belong to the Schwartz space no matter how small in norm and rapidly decaying at large distances the initial data are chosen.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 193-228 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; integrable systems ; solitons
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We trace the connections back from the paper by D. J. Korteweg and G. de Vries of 1895 to the sequence of events which began in August 1834 when J. S. Russell observed the soliton and so explain why KdV's paper was so much concerned with ‘change of form of long waves’. From this we trace a forward path which since 1895 has seen the discovery of the inverse method, associated with this a far-reaching mathematical structure, and at 1995 found a basis for two-dimensional quantum gravity intimately connected with the Korteweg-de Vries equation.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 229-244 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q20 ; 58F07 ; integrable PDEs ; integrable dynamical systems ; integrability in multidimensions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The investigation of nonlinear evolution equations and dynamical systems integrable in multidimensions constitutes at present our main research interest. Here we survey findings obtained recently as well as over time: solvable equations (both PDEs and ODEs) are reported, philosophical motivations and methodological approaches are outlined. For more detailed treatments, including the display and analysis of solutions, the interested reader is referred to the original papers.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 379-387 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; Gaussian curvature ; inverse spectral transform
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An intristic geometry of surfaces is discussed. In geodesic coordinates the Gauss equation is reduced to the Schrödinger equation where the Gaussian curvature plays the role of a potential. The use of this fact provides an infinite set of explicit expressions for the curvature and metric of a surface. A special case is governed by the KdV equation for the Gaussian curvature. We consider the integrable dynamics of curvature via the KdV equation, higher KdV equations and (2+1)-dimensional integrable equations with breaking solitons.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 389-403 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; reductive perturbation method ; multiple time formalism ; higher-order evolution equations
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract By using the reductive perturbation method of Taniuti with the introduction of an infinite sequence of slow time variablesτ 1,τ 3,τ 5, ..., we study the propagation of long surface-waves in a shallow inviscid fluid. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation appears as the lowest order amplitude equation in slow variables. In this context, we show that, if the lowest order wave amplitudeζ 0 satisfies the KdV equation in the timeτ 3, it must satisfy the (2n+1)th order equation of the KdV hierarchy in the timeτ n+1, withn=2,3,4, ... As a consequence of this fact, we show with an explicit example that the secularities of the evolution equations for the higher-order terms (ζ 1,ζ 2, ...) of the amplitude can be eliminated whenζ 0 is a solitonic solution to the KdV equation. By reversing this argument, we can say that the requirement of a secular-free perturbation theory implies that the amplitudeζ 0 satisfies the (2n+ 1)th order equation of the KdV hierarchy in the timeτ 2n+1. This essentially means that the equations of the KdV hierarchy do play a role in perturbation theory. Thereafter, by considering a solitary-wave solution, we show, again with an explicit, example that the elimination of secularities through the use of the higher order KdV hierarchy equations corresponds, in the laboratory coordinates, to a renormalization of the solitary-wave velocity. Then, we conclude that this procedure of eliminating secularities is closely related to the renormalization technique developed by Kodama and Taniuti.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 445-455 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q51 ; 35Q55 ; 58F07 ; bidimensional solitons ; Davey-Stewartson equations
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Exponentially localized soliton solutions have been found recently for all the equations of the hierarchy related to the Zakharov-Shabat hyperbolic spectral problem in the plane. In particular theN 2-soliton solution of the Davey-Stewartson I equation is considered. It is shown that the boundaries fix the kinematics of solitons, while the dynamics of their mutual interaction is determined by the chosen initial condition. The interacting solitons can have, asymptotically, zero mass and can simulate quantum effects as inelastic scattering, fusion and fission, creation and annihilation.
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    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; cnoidal waves ; solitary waves ; dissipation-modified KdV equation ; stationary waves
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    Notes: Abstract A generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries equation incorporating an energy input-output balance, hence a dissipation-modified KdV equation is considered. The equation is relevant to describe, for instance, nonlinear Marangoni-Bénard oscillatory instability in a liquid layer heated from above. Cnoidal waves and solitary waves of this equation are obtained both asymptotically and numerically.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 405-433 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; Darboux transformations ; Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations ; Krichever-Novikov equations
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the action of a special ‘rank 2’ or ‘rank 3’ Darboux transformation, calledtransference, upon a pair of commuting ordinary differential operators of orders 4 and 6 implements the Abelian sum on their elliptic joint spectrum. A consequence of this is that, under the deformation of these commuting operators by the KP flow, every ‘rank 2’ KP solution corresponds to a solution of the Krichever-Novikov (KN) equation, and vice versa, with the transference process providing the correspondence between (2+1) and (1+1) dimensions. For a singular joint spectrum, it is further shown that transference at the singular point produces a correspondence between solutions of the singular KN equation and those of the KdV equation. These correspondences are illustrated by considering examples of a nondecaying rational KdV or Boussinesq solutions and the corresponding rational, singular-KN and rational KP solutions which the transference process generates.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 477-487 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; KP equations ; Cauchy problem ; localized solitary waves
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We survey some recent results concerning the generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations, which are natural extensions of KdV type equations to higher dimensions. We will focus on rigorous results of the Cauchy problem and on the existence and properties of localized solitary waves.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 41 (1995), S. 57-98 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 16W30 ; 58F07 ; 57M25 ; multiparameter quantum group ; multiparameterR-matrix ; Yang-Baxter equation ; Hopf algebra ; bialgebra ; PBW-algebra ; knot invariant ; link invariant ; confluent rewriting system ; fundamental communication relations (FCR) ; diamond lemma ; generalized quantum space
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract There exists an ( 2 n ) + 1 parameter quantum group deformation of GLn which has been constructed independently by several (groups of) authors. In this note, I give an explicitR-matrix for this multiparameter family. This gives additional information on the nature of this family and facilitates some calculations. This explicitR-matrix satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation. The centre of the paper is Section 3 which describes all solutions of the YBE under the restriction r cd ab =0 unlessa, b=c, d. One kind of the most general constituents of these solutions precisely corresponds to the ( 2 n ) + 1 parameter quantum group mentioned above. I describe solutions which extend to an enhanced Yang-Baxter operator and, hence, define link invariants. The paper concludes with some preliminary results on these link invariants.
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 176-187 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Spherical surface ; pseudospectral method ; vorticity equations ; stability ; convergence
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The pseudospectral method for solving vorticity equations on spherical surface is discussed. An interpolation procedure, which is different from the usual ones, is proposed. Based on such an interpolation, the pseudospectral scheme is constructed. Its generalized stability and convergence are analyzed rigorously. The theoretical analysis and computational skills can also be applied to other nonlinear partial differential equations defined on spherical surface.
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    Numerical algorithms 10 (1995), S. 225-244 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Cholesky factorization error analysis ; Hankel matrix ; least squares ; normal equations ; orthogonal factorization ; QR factorization ; semi-normal equations ; stability ; Toeplitz matrix ; weak stability ; Primary 65F25 ; Secondary 47B35 ; 65F05 ; 65F30 ; 65Y05 ; 65Y10
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that a fast algorithm for theQR factorization of a Toeplitz or Hankel matrixA is weakly stable in the sense thatR T R is close toA T A. Thus, when the algorithm is used to solve the semi-normal equationsR TRx=AT b, we obtain a weakly stable method for the solution of a nonsingular Toeplitz or Hankel linear systemAx=b. The algorithm also applies to the solution of the full-rank Toeplitz or Hankel least squares problem min ||Ax-b||2.
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    Numerical algorithms 14 (1997), S. 343-359 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: progressive interpolation ; stability ; spline ; shape parameters ; geometric continuity ; 41A05 ; 41A15 ; 65D05 ; 65D07
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we study several interpolating and smoothing methods for data which are known “progressively”. The algorithms proposed are governed by recurrence relations and our principal goal is to study their stability. A recurrence relation will be said stable if the spectral radius of the associated matrix is less than one. The iteration matrices depend on shape parameters which come either from the connection at the knots, or from the nature of the interpolant between two knots. We obtain various stability domains. Moving the parameters inside these domains leads to interesting shape effects.
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    Numerical algorithms 10 (1995), S. 245-260 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Multistep methods ; differential-algebraic equations ; stability ; existence and uniqueness ; convergence of iterative method ; 65L06 ; 65L20 ; 65N22
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Multistep methods for the differential/algebraic equations (DAEs) in the form of $$F_1 (x) = 0, F_2 (x,x',z) = 0$$ are presented, whereF 1 maps from ℝ n to ℝ ′ ,F 2 from ℝ n x ℝ n x ℝ m to ℝ s andr〈n≤r+s=n+m. By employing the deviations of the available existence theories, a new form of the multistep method for solutions of (1) is developed. Furthermore, it is shown that this method has no typical instabilities such as those that may occur in the application of multistep method to DAEs in the traditional manner. A proof of the solvability of the multistep system is provided, and an iterative method is developed for solving these nonlinear algebraic equations. Moreover, a proof of the convergence of this iterative method is presented.
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Inverse problem ; hyperbolic equations ; eigenvalue problem ; spectral function ; integral kernel ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the inverse boundary value problem of the hyperbolic system of first-order differential equations is discussed. The estimate of the solution and the quantitative analysis about its stability are obtained, and some stability criteria are established.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: nonlinear ; stability ; Lyapunov function
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the paper Lyapumov function for a fourth order linear system is given and stability of the trivial solutions to a class of fourth order nonlinear systems is studied.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 635-642 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: analytic mechanics ; nonholonomic system ; stability
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability for the equilibrium states of Chaplygin's systems is considered. The equations of motion of Chaplygin's systems and the existence conditions of their equilibrium states are given. Some criteria of stability for the equilibrium. states of Chaplygin's systems are obtained. Two examples are finally given.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 383-403 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Discrete event systems ; stability ; boundedness ; Petri nets ; manufacturing systems
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently it has been shown that the conventional notions of stability in the sense of Lyapunov and asymptotic stability can be used to characterize the stability properties of a class of “logical” discrete event systems (DES). Moreover, it has been shown that stability analysis via the choice of appropriate Lyapunov functions can be used for DES and can be applied to several DES applications including manufacturing systems and computer networks (Passino et al. 1994, Burgess and Passino 1994). In this paper we extend the conventional notions and analysis of uniform boundedness, uniform ultimate boundedness, practical stability, finite time stability, and Lagrange stability so that they apply to the class of logical DES that can be defined on a metric space. Within this stability-theoretic framework we show that the standard Petri net-theoretic notions of boundedness are special cases of Lagrange stability and uniform boundedness. In addition we show that the Petri ent-theoretic approach to boundedness analysis is actually a Lyapunov approach in that the net-theoretic analysis actually produces an appropriate Lyapunov function. Moreover, via the Lyapunov approach we provide a sufficient condition for the uniform ultimate boundedness of General Petri nets. To illustrate the Petri net results, we study the boundedness properties of a rate synchronization network for manufacturing systems. In addition, we provide a detailed analysis of the Lagrange stability of a single-machine manufacturing system that uses a priority-based part servicing policy.
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    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: optimization ; standard clock ; ordinal optimization ; communication network ; voice/data integration ; simulation
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we apply the ideas of ordinal optimization and the technique of Standard Clock (SC) simulation to the voice-call admission-control problem in integrated voice/data multihop radio networks. This is an important problem in networking that is not amenable to exact analysis by means of the usual network modeling techniques. We first describe the use of the SC approach on sequential machines, and quantify the speedup in simulation time that is achieved by its use in a number of queueing examples. We then develop an efficient simulation model for wireless integrated networks based on the use of the SC approach, which permits the parallel simulation of a large number of admission-control policies, thereby reducing computation time significantly. This model is an extension of the basic SC approach in that it incorporates fixed-length data packets, whereas SC simulation is normally limited to systems with exponentially distributed interevent times. Using this model, we demonstrate the effectiveness of ordinal-optimization techniques, which provide a remarkably good ranking of admission-control policies after relatively short simulation runs, thereby facilitating the rapid determination of good policies. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of crude, inaccurate analytical and simulation models can provide highly accurate policy rankings that can be used in conjunction with ordinal-optimization methods, provided that they incorporate the key aspects of system operation.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 7 (1997), S. 209-232 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Stochastic recurrence equations ; performance evaluation ; ergodicity ; stability ; subadditive ergodic theory
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic dynamics of discrete event systems. In this paper we focus on a wide class of models arising in several fields and particularly in computer science. This class of models may be characterized by stochastic recurrence equations in ℝK of the form T(n+1) = φ n+1(T(n)) where φ n is a random operator monotone and 1—linear. We establish that the behaviour of the extremas of the process T(n) are linear. The results are an application of the sub-additive ergodic theorem of Kingman. We also give some stability properties of such sequences and a simple method of estimating the limit points.
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    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 7 (1997), S. 309-323 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: relaxation labeling processes ; consistency ; growth transformations ; Liapunov functions ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present some new results which definitively explain thebehavior of the classical, heuristic nonlinear relaxation labelingalgorithm of Rosenfeld, Hummel, and Zucker in terms of theHummel-Zucker consistency theory and dynamical systems theory. Inparticular, it is shown that, when a certain symmetry condition is met,the algorithm possesses a Liapunov function which turns out to be (thenegative of) a well-known consistency measure. This follows almostimmediately from a powerful result of Baum and Eagon developed in thecontext of Markov chain theory. Moreover, it is seen that most of theessential dynamical properties of the algorithm are retained when thesymmetry restriction is relaxed. These properties are also shown tonaturally generalize to higher-order relaxation schemes. Someapplications and implications of the presented results are finallyoutlined.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Decentralized scheduling ; manufacturing systems ; corridor policies ; stability
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    Notes: Abstract Sharifnia, Caramanis, and Gershwin [1991] introduced a class of policies for manufacturing systems, called by themlinear corridor policies. They proved that their stability can be discussed by the study of a simpler subset of such policies (cone policies). This paper revisits their work presenting a different description of the dynamics of the systems under study and explores it to device a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, obtained by the strengthening of the assumptions in Sharifnia et al. (1991). This condition is shown to be simply tested (M −1≥0) and valid for various realizations.
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  • 64
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 133-158 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; lattice equations ; linearization ; discretization ; Miura transformations ; similarity reductions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We review the different aspects of integrable discretizations in space and time of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, including Miura transformations to related integrable difference equations, connections to integrable mappings, similarity reductions and discrete versions of Painlevé equations as well as connections to Volterra systems.
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  • 65
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 39 (1995), S. 159-172 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; visiometrics ; reduced modeling ; asymptotics ; fluid dynamics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper I give a brief personal review of the history of the early soliton days and how they led to thevisiometrics and reduced modeling paradigm that has been a part of my approach to nonlinear science in the last three decades. I illustrate it with HEC (Hybrid Eiliptic-Contour): a fast, minimal, asymptotically motivated model for unforced, 2-dimensional incompressible weakly dissipative turbulence (U2DIT).
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  • 66
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 41 (1995), S. 193-226 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 18D20 ; 35A99 ; 58G99 ; 81R50 ; 58F07 ; 58A50 ; 35Q53 ; monoidal categories ; symmetries ; colours ; colour commutative algebras ; colour differential forms and de Rham complexes ; colour differential operators and equations ; colour Spencer complexes ; quantizations
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    Notes: Abstract A colour calculus linked with an any discrete groupG is developed. Colour differential operators and colour jets are introduced. Algebras colour differential forms and de Rham complexes are constructed. For colour differential equations, Spencer complexes are constructed. Relations between colour commutative algebras and quantizations of usual algebras are considered.
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  • 67
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 41 (1995), S. 167-191 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; 58G07 ; 58H10 ; 58H15 ; 58G37 ; 58A50 ; 35Q53 ; 35Q55 ; 35Q58 ; 58G35 ; 16W55 ; Graded differential equations ; Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket ; cohomologies ; deformations ; symmetries ; recursion operators ; coverings ; integrable systems ; super KdV equation
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    Notes: Abstract An algebraic model for nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) in the category ofn-graded modules is constructed. Based on the notion of the graded Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket, cohomological invariants H ▽ * (A) are related to each object (A, ▽) of the theory. Within this framework, H ▽ 0 (A) generalizes the Lie algebra of symmetries for PDE's, while H ▽ 1 (A) are identified with equivalence classes of infinitesimal deformations. It is shown that elements of a certain part of H ▽ 1 (A) can be interpreted as recursion operators for the object (A, ▽), i.e. operators giving rise to infinite series of symmetries. Explicit formulas for computing recursion operators are deduced. The general theory is illustrated by a particular example of a graded differential equation, i.e. the Super KdV equation.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 41 (1995), S. 247-270 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 58F07 ; 35Q53 ; soliton equations ; integrable systems ; bi-Hamiltonian manifolds
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The paper aims to suggest a geometric point of view in the theory of soliton equations. The belief is that a deeper understanding of the origin of these equations may provide a better understanding of their remarkable properties. According to the geometric point of view, soliton equations are the outcome of a specific reduction process of a bi-Hamiltonian manifold. The suggestion of the paper is to pay attention also to the ‘unreduced form’ of soliton equations.
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  • 69
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 26 (1978), S. 253-264 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Geometric programs ; optimization ; generalized reduced gradient method ; nonlinear programming
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    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the performance of a general-purpose GRG code for nonlinear programming in solving geometric programs. The main conclusions drawn from the experiments reported are: (i) GRG competes well with special-purpose geometric programming codes in solving geometric programs; and (ii) standard time, as defined by Colville, is an inadequate means of compensating for different computing environments while comparing optimization algorithms.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 549-574 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Boundary control ; wave and plate equations ; optimization ; nonstandard Riccati equations ; input dynamics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An optimization problem for a control system governed by an analytic generator with unbounded control actions is considered. The solution to this problem is synthesized in terms of the Riccati operator, arising from a nonstandard Riccati equation. Solvability and uniqueness of the solutions to this Riccati equation are established. This theory is applied to a boundary control problem governed by damped wave and plate equations.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 415-431 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Kalman filtering ; Karhunen-Loève expansion ; stability ; observability ; controllability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several state-space models for estimating a second-order stochastic process are proposed in this paper on the basis of the approximate Karhunen-Loève expansion. Properties of these models are studied and then the Kalman filtering method is applied. The accuracy of the models on the basis of two different situations, deterministic or random inputs, is studied by means of a simulation of a Brownian motion.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 86 (1995), S. 199-222 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Routing ; optimization ; queueing systems ; robustness ; distributed algorithms
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the effect of arrival model uncertainties on the optimal routing in a system of parallel queues. For exponential service time distributions and Bernoulli routing, the optimal mean system delay generally depends on the interarrival time distribution. Any error in modeling the arriving process will cause a model-based optimal routing algorithm to produce a mean system delay higher than the true optimum. In this paper, we present an asymptotic analysis of the behavior of this error under heavy traffic conditions for a general renewal arrival process. An asymptotic analysis of the error in optimal mean delay due to uncertainties in the service time distribution for Poisson arrivals was reported in Ref. 6, where it was shown that, when the first moment of the service time distribution is known, this error in performance vanishes asymptotically as the traffic load approaches the system capacity. In contrast, this paper establishes the somewhat surprising result that, when only the first moment of the arrival distribution is known, the error in optimal mean delay due to uncertainties in the arrival model is unbounded as the traffic approaches the system capacity. However, when both first and second moments are known, the error vanishes asymptotically. Numerical examples corroborating the theoretical results are also presented.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 1161-1169 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: shell ; stability ; critical load
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper gives the resultant forces and moments, strain energy and work of external forces on the basis of the deformation theory of flexible body. Therefore, in accordance with the principle of virtual displacement, the energy criterion of critical load is obtained and the equilibrium equation and boundary conditions of stability problem are derived.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 23 (1977), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Operations research ; optimization ; allocation ; location-allocation ; existence ; uniqueness
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Some mathematical aspects are studied for a wide class of problems called continuous allocation problems: Find a mapping, from one given continuous set onto another, to minimize a given function on these sets. Many problems of assortments, catalogs, scheduling, location-allocation, search, etc., fall in this class. Theorems on existence, uniqueness, and continuity of solution are given. A solution technique is given for then-dimensional generalized location-allocation problem, and it is shown to converge on a solution. Finally, an expression is found for the facility density in multiple-facility location-allocation problems when the range of the mapping is continuous (as the number of facilities tends to infinity).
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 23 (1977), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: n-person games ; stability ; grand coalition ; taxation systems ; nondominated imputation ; multicriteria framework
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In formulating solutions forn-person cooperative games, the concept of stability has played a dominant role. Although the core concept has the strongest stability, the core of a game is often empty. In this paper, the taxation system is incorporated into our framework, so that a modified solution concept, which enjoys the stability of core, can be developed. Various formulations based on principles such astaxation proportional to income andequity after tax are given.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 485-505 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Game theory ; stability ; contraction mappings
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    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with a class of noncooperative games ofn players that are defined byn reward functions which depend continuously on the action variables of the players. This framework provides a realistic model of many interactive situations, including many common models in economics, sociology, engineering, and political science. The concept of Nash equilibrium is a suitable companion to such models. A variety of different sufficient conditions for existence, uniqueness, and stability of a Nash equilibrium point have been previously proposed. By sharpening the noncooperative aspect of the framework (which is really only implicit in the original framework), this paper attempts to isolate one set of “natural” conditions that are sufficient for existence, uniqueness, and stability. It is argued thatl ∞ quasicontraction is such a natural condition. The concept of complete stability is introduced to reflect the full character of noncooperation. It is then shown that, in the linear case, the condition ofl ∞ quasicontraction is both necessary and sufficient for complete stability.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 145-169 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Stackelberg problem ; multifunctions ; Γ-limits ; existence ; stability ; ε-solutions ; strict ε-solutions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to study, in a topological framework, existence and stability for the solutions to a parametrized Stackelberg problem. To this end, approximate solutions are used, more precisely, ε-solutions and strict ε-solutions. The results given are of minimal character and the standard types of constraints are considered, that is, constant constraints, constraints defined by a finite number of inequalities, and more generally constraints defined by an arbitrary multifunction.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 339-360 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Approximations ; algorithmic convergence ; optimization
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    Notes: Abstract In an earlier paper, the authors introduced epigraphical nesting of objective functions as a means to characterize the convergence of global optimization algorithms. Epigraphical nesting of objective functions may be looked upon as a relaxation of epigraphical convergence of objective functions, whereby one ensures that epigraphs of the approximations contain asymptotically the epigraph of the objective function of the original optimization problem. In this paper, we show that, for algorithms which seek only a stationary point, convergence can be assured by objective function approximations whose directional derivatives attain an epigraphical nesting property. We demonstrate that epigraphical nesting provides a unifying thread that ties together a number of different algorithms, including those for the solution of variational inequalities and smooth as well as nonsmooth optimization. We show that the Newton method and its variants for unconstrained optimization, successive quadratic programming methods for constrained optimization, and proximal point algorithms (deterministic and stochastic) all construct approximations in which the directional derivatives attain an epigraphical nesting property, even though the approximations themselves fail to attain such a property.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 85 (1995), S. 705-726 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Nonlinear allocation problems ; networks ; optimization
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem considered is as follows:m resources are to be allocated ton activities, with resourcei contributing linearly to the potential for activityj according to the coefficientE(i,j). The objective is to minimize some nonlinear function of the potentials. If the objective function is sufficiently well behaved, the problem can be solved in finitely many steps using the method described in this paper.
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  • 80
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 93 (1997), S. 635-638 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Polynomial theory ; robustness ; Kharitonov theorem ; stability ; Hurwitz polynomials ; inverse Kharitonov problem ; Rouché theorem
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of the robust stability of a Hurwitz polynomial which is the characteristic polynomial of a discrete-time linear time-invariant system is investigated. A new approach based on the Rouché theorem of classical complex analysis is adopted. An interesting sufficient condition for robust stability is derived. Three examples are included to support the theoretical result.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 93 (1997), S. 597-607 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; gradient flows ; optimization ; decentralized systems ; performance index
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the problem of computing the suboptimal output feedback gains of decentralized control systems is investigated. First, the problem is formulated. Then, the gradient matrices based on the index function are derived and a new algorithm is established based on some nice properties. This algorithm shows that a suboptimal gain can be computed by solving several ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In order to find an initial condition for the ODEs, an algorithm for finding a stabilizing output feedback gain is exploited, and the convergence of this algorithm is discussed. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 95 (1997), S. 467-499 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Flight mechanics ; astrodynamics ; celestial mechanics ; Earth-to-Mars missions ; departure window ; arrival window ; optimization ; sequential gradient-restoration algorithm
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    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the optimal transfer of a spacecraft from a low Earth orbit (LEO) to a low Mars orbit (LMO). The transfer problem is formulated via a restricted four-body model in that the spacecraft is considered subject to the gravitational fields of Earth, Mars, and Sun along the entire trajectory. This is done to achieve increased accuracy with respect to the method of patched conics. The optimal transfer problem is solved via the sequential gradient-restoration algorithm employed in conjunction with a variable-stepsize integration technique to overcome numerical difficulties due to large changes in the gravitational field near Earth and near Mars. The optimization criterion is the total characteristic velocity, namely, the sum of the velocity impulses at LEO and LMO. The major parameters are four: velocity impulse at launch, spacecraft vs. Earth phase angle at launch, planetary Mars/Earth phase angle difference at launch, and transfer time. These parameters must be determined so that ΔV is minimized subject to tangential departure from circular velocity at LEO and tangential arrival to circular velocity at LMO. For given LEO and LMO radii, a departure window can be generated by changing the planetary Mars/Earth phase angle difference at launch, hence changing the departure date, and then reoptimizing the transfer. This results in a one-parameter family of suboptimal transfers, characterized by large variations of the spacecraft vs. Earth phase angle at launch, but relatively small variations in transfer time and total characteristic velocity. For given LEO radius, an arrival window can be generated by changing the LMO radius and then recomputing the optimal transfer. This leads to a one-parameter family of optimal transfers, characterized by small variations of launch conditions, transfer time, and total characteristic velocity, a result which has important guidance implications. Among the members of the above one-parameter family, there is an optimum–optimorum trajectory with the smallest characteristic velocity. This occurs when the radius of the Mars orbit is such that the associated period is slightly less than one-half Mars day.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 85 (1995), S. 649-676 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Subdifferentials ; convex functions ; quasiconvex functions ; optimization ; minima ; maxima ; necessary conditions ; sufficient conditions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the γ-subdifferential ∂γ is introduced for investigating the global behavior of real-valued functions on a normed spaceX. Iff: D⊂X → ℝ attains its global minimum onD atx *, then 0∈∂γ f(x *). This necessary condition always holds, even iff is not continuous orx * is at the boundary of its domain. Nevertheless, it is useful because, by choosing a suitable γ∈ℝ+, many local minima cannot satisfy this necessary condition. For the sufficient conditions, the so-called γ-convex functions are defined. The class of these functions is rather large. For example, every periodic function on the real line is a γ-convex function. There are γ-convex functions which are not continuous everywhere. Every function of bounded variation can be represented as the difference of two γ-convex functions. For all that, γ-convex functions still have properties similar to those of convex functions. For instance, each γ-local minimizer off is at the same time a global one. Iff attains its global minimum onD, then it does so at least at one point of its γ-boundary.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 87 (1995), S. 403-417 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Lyapunov functions ; uncertain systems ; structured uncertainties ; optimization ; multidimensional systems
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The robust stability problem of a nominally linear system with nonlinear, time-varying structured perturbationsp j ,j=1,...,q, is considered. The system is of the form $$\dot x = A_N x + \sum\limits_{j = 1}^q {p_j A_j x} .$$ When the Lyapunov direct method is utilized to solve the problem, the most frequently chosen Lyapunov function is some quadratic form. The paper presents a procedure of optimization of Lyapunov functions. Under some simple conditions, the weak convergence of the procedure is ensured, making the procedure effective in solving the robust stability problem. The procedure is simple, requiring only numerical routines such as inverting positive-definite symmetric matrices and determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of symmetric matrices. It is expected that the optimal Lyapunov function may be used in a robust linear feedback controller design. The examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. As shown when considering a system of dimension 24, the method is effective for large-scale systems.
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    Statistics and computing 5 (1995), S. 175-190 
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Keywords: Image analysis ; MAP estimation ; optimization ; simulated annealing ; multi-resolution
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe an image reconstruction problem and the computational difficulties arising in determining the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. Two algorithms for tackling the problem, iterated conditional modes (ICM) and simulated annealing, are usually applied pixel by pixel. The performance of this strategy can be poor, particularly for heavily degraded images, and as a potential improvement Jubb and Jennison (1991) suggest the cascade algorithm in which ICM is initially applied to coarser images formed by blocking squares of pixels. In this paper we attempt to resolve certain criticisms of cascade and present a version of the algorithm extended in definition and implementation. As an illustration we apply our new method to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. We also carry out a study of simulated annealing, with and without cascade, applied to a more tractable minimization problem from which we gain insight into the properties of cascade algorithms.
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    Nonlinear dynamics 7 (1995), S. 11-35 
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Periodic solutions ; stability ; local bifurcations ; Fourier series
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores the application of the method of variable-coefficient harmonic balance to nonautonomous nonlinear equations of the form XsF(X, t:λ), and in particular, a one-degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillator equation describing escape from a cubic potential well. Each component of the solution, X(t), is expressed as a truncated Fourier series of superharmonics, subharmonics and ultrasubharmonics. Use is then made of symbolic manipulation in order to arrange the oscillator equation as a Fourier series and its coefficient are evaluated in the traditional way. The time-dependent coefficients permit the construction of a set of amplitude evolution equations with corresponding stability criteria. The technique enables detection of local bifurcations, such as saddle-node folds, period doubling flips, and parts of the Feigenbaum cascade. This representation of the periodic solution leads to local bifurcations being associated with a term in the Fourier series and, in particular, the onset of a period doubled solution can be detected by a series of superharmonics only. Its validity is such that control space bifurcation diagrams can be obtained with reasonable accuracy and large reductions in computational expense.
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    Nonlinear dynamics 14 (1997), S. 193-210 
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Perturbation methods ; stability ; bifurcation ; codimension two ; periodic and quasi-periodic solutions
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the logical bases of the static perturbation method, which is currently used in static bifurcation analysis, can also be applied to dynamic bifurcations. A two-time version of the Lindstedt–Poincaré Method and the Multiple Scale Method are employed to analyze a bifurcation problem of codimension two. It is found that the Multiple Scale Method furnishes, in a straightforward way, amplitude modulation equations equal to normal form equations available in literature. With a remarkable computational improvement, the description of the central manifold is avoided. The Lindstedt–Poincaré Method can also be employed if only steady-state solutions have to be determined. An application is illustrated for a mechanical system subjected to aerodynamic excitation.
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    Nonlinear dynamics 7 (1995), S. 285-299 
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Strongly nonlinear oscillators ; nonlinear scales method ; limit cycle ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A non-linear seales method is presented for the analysis of strongly non-linear oseillators of the form % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaamXvP5wqonvsaeHbfv3ySLgzaGqbdiqb-Hha4zaadaGaey4kaSIa% am4zaiaacIcacqWF4baEcaGGPaGae8xpa0JaeqyTduMaamOzaiaacI% cacqWF4baEcqWFSaalcuWF4baEgaGaaiaabMcaaaa!4FEC!\[\ddot x + g(x) = \varepsilon f(x,\dot x{\text{)}}\], where g(x) is an arbitrary non-linear function of the displacement x. We assumed that % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaamXvP5wqonvsaeHbfv3ySLgzaGqbdiab-Hha4jaacIcacqWF0baD% cqWFSaalcqaH1oqzcaGGPaGaeyypa0Jae8hEaG3aaSbaaSqaaiaaic% daaeqaaOGaaiikaiabe67a4jaacYcacqaH3oaAcaGGPaGaey4kaSYa% aabmaeaacqaH1oqzdaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6gaaaaabaGaamOBaiabg2% da9iaaigdaaeaacaWGTbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqdcqGHris5aOGae8hE% aG3aaSbaaSqaaiab-5gaUbqabaGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNaaiykaiabgU% caRiaad+eacaGGOaGaeqyTdu2aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGTbaaaOGaaiyk% aaaa!67B9!\[x(t,\varepsilon ) = x_0 (\xi ,\eta ) + \sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^{m - 1} {\varepsilon ^n } x_n (\xi ) + O(\varepsilon ^m )\], where % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaaiaabsgacqaH+oaEcaGGVaGaaeizaiaadshacqGH9aqpdaaeWaqa% aiabew7aLnaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaeaacaWGUbGaeyypa0JaaG% ymaaqaaiaad2gaa0GaeyyeIuoakiaadkfadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqa% baGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNaaiykaaaa!4FFC!\[{\text{d}}\xi /{\text{d}}t = \sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^m {\varepsilon ^n } R_n (\xi )\], % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaaiaabsgacqaH3oaAcaGGVaGaaeizaiaadshacqGH9aqpdaaeWaqa% aiabew7aLnaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaeaacaWGUbGaeyypa0JaaG% imaaqaaiaad2gaa0GaeyyeIuoakiaadofadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqa% baGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNaaiilaiabeE7aOjaacMcaaaa!5241!\[{\text{d}}\eta /{\text{d}}t = \sum\nolimits_{n = 0}^m {\varepsilon ^n } S_n (\xi ,\eta )\], and R n,S nare to be determined in the course of the analysis. This method is suitable for the systems with even non-linearities as well as with odd non-linearities. It can be viewed as a generalization of the two-variable expansion procedure. Using the present method we obtained a modified Krylov-Bogoliubov method. Four numerical examples are presented which served to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method.
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  • 89
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 4123-4155 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Petrov-Galerkin methods ; weighting parameters ; optimization ; spectral averaged phase errors ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Fourier analysis of the linear and quadratic N + 1 and N + 2 Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods applied to the one-dimensional transient convective-diffusion equation is performed. The results show that a priori optimization of the N + 1 method is not possible because dissipative errors are introduced as dispersive errors are reduced (any optimization is subjective). However, a priori optimization of the N + 2 Petrov-Galerkin method is possible because the reduction of dispersion errors can be accomplished without the addition of artificial dissipation.The Spectrally Weighted Average Phase Error Method (SWAPEM) for the optimization of the N + 2 Petrov-Galerkin method is introduced, in which the N + 2 weighting parameter is chosen at each time step to minimize the integral over wave number of the phase error of Fourier modes, weighted by the frequency content of the global solution at the previous time step (obtained via FFT). The method is dynamic, and general in that the dependence of the weighting parameter on the solution waveform is accounted for. Optimal values predicted by the method are in excellent agreement with those suggested by the numerical experimentation of others. Simulations of the pure convective transport of a Gaussian plume and a triangle wave are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
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  • 90
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 977-986 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: sequential function approximation ; interpolation functions ; optimization ; parallel direct search ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computational method for the solution of differential equations is proposed. With this method an accurate approximation is built by incremental additions of optimal local basis functions. The parallel direct search software package (PDS), that supports parallel objective function evaluations, is used to solve the associated optimization problem efficiently. The advantage of the method is that, although it resembles adaptive methods in computational mechanics, an a priori grid is not necessary. Moreover, the traditional matrix construction and evaluations are avoided. Computational cost is reduced while efficiency is enhanced by the low-dimensional parallel-executed optimization and parallel function evaluations. In addition, the method should be applicable to a broad class of interpolation functions. Results and global convergence rates obtained for one- and two-dimensional boundary value problems are satisfactorily compared to those obtained by the conventional Galerkin finite element method. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 91
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 999-1008 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: optimization ; sensitivity analysis ; constraint approximation ; non-linear analysis ; finite element method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the finite element non-linear analysis of engineering problems combined with an optimization method, two techniques - a semi-analytical sensitivity method and bi-point constraint approximation - have been proposed. To validate the proposed methods, a raft foundation on a soil medium has been analysed and the results have been compared. From the numerical results, it has been found that, for non-linear analysis, the semi-analytical sensitivity method is more efficient than the finite difference method and the bi-point approximation gives results which compare favourably with the finite element results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 92
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 777-796 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite element method ; force method ; reanalysis ; eigenvalue ; structural variation ; optimization ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a force-based finite element method that involves eigen-space transformation of element stiffness matrices in the first analysis. In each subsequent analysis (‘reanalysis’) associated with structural variations, the solution obtained previously is modified making use of intrinsic properties of eigen solutions and avoiding the time-consuming task of solving a large system of equations. The structural variations may involve changes in material properties, birth or death of elements, or change in boundary conditions. Numerical examples are presented to compare the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method with the displacement-based finite element method. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 93
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 655-687 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: crashworthiness ; multibody dynamics ; flexible structures ; simulation ; design ; optimization ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Different formulations based on multibody dynamics are shown to be suitable for the development of a methodology for the impact simulation and crashworthiness design of railway vehicles. The proposed design methodology comprises different computer-aided tools of increasing complexity and accuracy which can be used with greater advantage and efficiency in the different design stages of railway stock. In general, the crashworthiness design methods and associated multibody dynamic tools which are presented in this paper require information to be obtained from numerical or experimental crush tests of specific structural components, subassemblies and critical energy absorption devices normally located in car extremities. This hybrid feature lends to the present design process various efficiency gains as a result of a better understanding of the crash and different collapse mechanisms and ease of use. To access the merits of the present methodologies some new designs are discussed and the application of the proposed numerical tools is illustrated for different structural configurations of car extremities. A formulation for the sensitivity analysis and optimization of planar constrained mechanical systems is also presented. An example of crashworthiness design of an end underframe model of a railway car is solved to demonstrate the use of the methodology. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 433-450 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: mesh partitioning ; finite elements ; parallel computing ; optimization ; heuristics ; frontal method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We address the problem of automatic partitioning of unstructured finite element meshes in the context of parallel numerical algorithms based on domain decomposition. A two-step approach is proposed, which combines a direct partitioning scheme with a non-deterministic procedure of combinatorial optimization. In contrast with previously published experiments with non-deterministic heuristics, the optimization step is shown to produce high-quality decompositions at a reasonable compute cost. We also show that the optimization approach can accommodate complex topological constraints and minimization objectives. This is illustrated by considering the particular case of topologically one-dimensional partitions, as well as load balancing of frontal subdomain solvers. Finally, the optimization procedure produces, in most cases, decompositions endowed with geometrically smooth interfaces. This contrasts with available partitioning schemes, and is crucial to some modern numerical techniques based on domain decomposition and a Lagrange multiplier treatment of the interface conditions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1021-1030 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: optimization ; finite element ; magnetostatic ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, we present an improvement of the optimization technique of the moving asymptotes applied to a class of magnetostatic design problem. Our approach includes, among other aspects, an active set strategy which turns possible to find feasible points during the iterative process. We present some numerical results obtained on real-life case studies where the functions are computed by a complex finite-element routine.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1721-1738 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: probabilistic analysis ; optimization ; safety index ; structural reliability ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to conduct reliability-based structural optimization in a multidisciplinary environment. An efficient reliability analysis is developed by expanding the limit functions in terms of intermediate design variables. The design constraints are approximated using multivariate splines in searching for the optimum. The reduction in computational cost realized in safety index calculation and optimization are demonstrated through several structural problems. This paper presents safety index computation, analytical sensitivity analysis of reliability constraints and optimization using truss, frame and plate examples.
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  • 97
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 2265-2281 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: explicit and implicit time integration ; stability ; trapezoidal rule ; structural dynamics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple explicit solution technique for problems in structural dynamics, based on a Modified Trapezoidal rule Method (MTM) approximation of the governing ordinary differential equations, is developed. The resulting conditionally stable explicit method (MTM) can be easily implemented and is extremely simple to use. Particular attention is focused herein on the concept of numerical stability of the proposed method for a free-vibrational response of a linear undamped Single-Degree-Of-Freedom system (SDOF). To examine the effectiveness, strengths, and limitations of MTM, error analyses for the natural period, the displacement, the velocity and the associated phase angle for a free undamped simple mass-spring system are derived and compared with Modified Euler Method (MEM) and the well-known Newmark Beta Method (NBM). Numerical examples for a SDOF system and a Multi-Degree-Of-Freedom (MDOF) system are presented to illustrate the strengths and the limitations of the proposed method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1951-1965 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: optimization ; thermoelasticity ; topology ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the development of a computational model for the topology optimization problem, using a material distribution approach, of a 2-D linear-elastic solid subjected to thermal loads, with a compliance objective function and an isoperimetric constraint on volume. Defining formally the augmented Lagrangian associated with the optimization problem, the optimality conditions are derived analytically. The results of analysis are implemented in a computer code to produce numerical solutions for the optimal topology, considering the temperature distribution independent of design. The design optimization problem is solved via a sequence of linearized subproblems. The computational model developed is tested in example problems. The influence of both the temperature and the finite element model on the optimal solution obtained is analysed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 399-419 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: flaw identification ; boundary element method ; inverse analysis ; crack problems ; optimization ; sensitivity analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a new boundary element formulation is presented for the identification of the location and size of internal flaws in two-dimensional structures. An introduction to inverse analysis is given, with special reference to methods of flaw identification, along with a brief review of the optimization methods employed. Both the standard boundary element and the dual boundary element method are presented, with the dual boundary element method proposed as the basis for the new formulation. The flaw identification method is presented, along with the computation of the boundary displacement and traction derivatives and the specialized analytical integration used for cracked boundaries. Examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy of the sensitivity values and the performance of flaw location.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 1213-1230 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: metal forming ; preform design ; forging ; sensitivity analysis ; optimization ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An optimization algorithm for preform die shape design in metal-forming processes is developed in this paper. The preform die shapes are represented by cubic B-spline curves. The control points of the B-spline are used as the design variables. The optimization objective is to reduce the difference between the realized and desired final forging shapes. The sensitivities of the objective function with respect to the design variables are developed in detail. The numerical examples show that the optimization method and the sensitivity analysis developed in this paper are very useful and the design results are satisfactory. Importantly, the preform die shapes designed by this method are easily manufacturable and can be implemented in practical metal-forming operations. This optimization method and the sensitivity analysis can also be applied in the preform design of complex industrial metal-forming problems. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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