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  • Articles  (13)
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  • shallow water equations  (5)
  • computational fluid dynamics  (4)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (13)
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  • Articles  (13)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel finite element calculation of flow in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity using the CM-5 and T3D (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1449-1461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: parallel finite element ; three-dimensional ; incompressible ; steady ; flow ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Steady flows in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity at moderate Reynolds number are studied using various methods of parallel programming on the Cray T3D and Thinking Machines CM-5. These three-dimensional flows are compared with flows computed in a two-dimensional cavity. Solutions at Reynolds number up to 500 agree well with the experimental data of Aidun et al. (Phys. Fluids A, 3, 2081-2091 (1991)) for the location of separation of the secondary eddy at the downstream wall. Convergence of the three-dimensional problem using GMRES with diagonal preconditioning could not be obtained at Reynolds number greater than about 500. We speculate that the source of the difficulty is the loss of stability via pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations identified by Aidun et al. The relative performance of various methods of message passing on the Cray T3D is compared with the data-parallel mode of programming on the CM-5. No clear advantage between machines or message-passing methods is distinguished. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PEGASE: A NAVIER-STOKES SOLVER FOR DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 833-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; incompressible ; unsteady ; finite difference ; finite element ; non-staggered grid ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A hybrid conservative finite difference/finite element scheme is proposed for the solution of the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Using velocity-pressure variables on a non-staggeredgrid system, the solution is obtained with a projection method basedon the resolution of a pressure Poisson equation.The new proposed scheme is derived from the finite element spatial discretization using the Galerkin method with piecewise bilinear polynomial basis functions defined on quadrilateral elements. It is applied to the pressure gradient term and to the non-linear convection term as in the so-called group finite element method. It ensures strong coupling between spatial directions, inhibiting the development of oscillations during long-term computations, as demonstrated by the validation studies.Two- and three-dimensional unsteady separated flows with open boundaries have been simulated with the proposed method using Cartesian uniform mesh grids. Several examples of calculations on the backward-facing step configuration are reported and the results obtained are compared with those given by other methods. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. j. numer. methods fluids 24: 833-861, 1997.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHALLOW WATER WAVE PROPAGATION USING A BOUNDARY ELEMENT WAVE EQUATION MODEL (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow water equations ; boundary element method ; wave equation model ; free surface flow ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present paper makes use of a wave equation formulation of the primitive shallow water equations to simulate one-dimensional free surface flow. A numerical formulation of the boundary element method is then developed to solve the wave continuity equation using a time-dependent fundamental solution, while an explicit finite difference scheme is used to derive velocities from the primitive momentum equation. One-dimensional free surface flows in open channels are treated and the results compared with analytical and numerical solutions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An adaptive finite element method for forced convection (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 803-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible ; Navier-Stokes ; heat transfer ; adaptive FEM ; forced convection ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents an adaptive finite element method to solve forced convective heat transfer. Solutions are obtained in primitive variables using a high-order finite element approximation on unstructured grids. Two general-purpose error estimators are developed to analyse finite element solutions and to determine the characteristics of an improved mesh which is adaptively regenerated by the advancing front method. The adaptive methodology is validated on a problem with a known analytical solution. The methodology is then applied to heat transfer predictions for two cases of practical interest. Predictions of the Nusselt number compare well with measurements and constitute an improvement over previous results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VALIDATION OF NUMERICAL SHALLOW WATER MODELS FOR STRATIFIED SEICHES (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 771-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow water equations ; seiches ; stratification ; analytical solution ; validation ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new analytical solution is presented for the case of a stratified seiche. This solution, especially its energetics, is useful for the validation of numerical shallow water models under stratified conditions. The utility of the analytical solution for validation is shown by using it to validate a simple finite difference numerical model. A comparison of the energetics of the numerical and analytical solutions reveals that the model results converge rapidly to the analytical solution with increasing resolution, such that a grid size of 30×30 would appear adequate for validation. In addition to properly resolving the spatial features, good temporal resolution is also necessary for validation, i.e use of a Courant number (Cr) less than one. For example, owing to the numerical dispersion of the present model, using Cr=5/4 rather than Cr =1/4 for the 50×50 grid resulted in 3·6 times larger RMS errors of model versus analytical barotropic available potential energy.This new analytical solution should be applied to a test suite of such validation tools before using such numerical models to simulate the more realistic geophysical flows encountered in lakes, bays, harbours and semi-enclosed seas under stratified conditions. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USE OF EIGENVALUE TECHNIQUE IN FINITE ELEMENT TIDAL COMPUTATIONS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 953-963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: coastal hydrodynamics ; shallow water equations ; finite element method ; finite difference method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents the results of some studies on the development and application of a finite element method (FEM) with a closed-form solution technique for time discretization. The closed-form solution is based on the eigenvalues/vectors of a coefficient matrix. The method is first applied to the one-dimensional linearized shallow water equations and then extended to the two-dimensional shallow water equations. An attempt is made to improve its efficiency by incorporating time splitting and using the closed-form solution technique only for linear terms. Some case studies of a rectangular channel and harbour are presented to illustrate the satisfactory working of the method. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. j. numer. methods fluids 24: 953-963, 1997.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF INTERNAL SEPARATED FLOWS USING AN INTELLIGENT HIGHER-ORDER SPATIAL DISCRETIZATION SCHEME (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 759-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: computational fluid dynamics ; method of lines ; internal separated flows ; higher-order spatial discretization ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper summarizes the method-of-lines (MOL) solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for an impulsively started incompressible laminar flow in a circular pipe with a sudden expansion. An intelligent higher-order spatial discretization scheme, which chooses upwind or downwind discretization in a zone-of-dependence manner when flow reversal occurs, was developed for separated flows. Stability characteristics of a linear advective-diffusive equation were examined to depict the necessity of such a scheme in the case of flow reversals. The proposed code was applied to predict the time development of an impulsively started flow in a pipe with a sudden expansion. Predictions were found to show the expected trends for both unsteady and steady states. This paper demonstrates the ease with which the Navier-Stokes equations can be solved in an accurate manner using sophisticated numerical algorithms for the solution of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables formulation by using the MOL and intelligent higher-order spatial discretization scheme are not available to date. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three-dimensional explicit element-free galerkin method (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1253-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: meshless methods ; sloshing ; computational fluid dynamics ; impact ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The formulation and implementation of a three-dimensional meshless method, the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method, are described. The formulation is intended for dynamic problems with geometric and material non-linearities solved with explicit time integration, but some of the developments are applicable to other solution methods. The mechanical formulation is posed in the reference configuration so that the shape functions and their derivatives need to be computed only once. A method for speeding up the calculation of shape functions and their derivatives is presented. Results are presented for sloshing problems and Taylor bar impact problems, including an impact problem in which the bar impacts with an angle of obliquity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiresolution reproducing kernel particle method for computational fluid dynamics (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 1391-1415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: meshless kernel particle method ; multiresolution analysis ; wavelets ; adaptivity ; computational fluid dynamics ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Multiresolution analysis based on the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is developed for computational fluid dynamics. An algorithm incorporating multiple-scale adaptive refinement is introduced. The concept of using a wavelet solution as an error indicator is also presented. A few representative numerical examples are solved to illustrate the performance of this new meshless method. Results show that the RKPM is a good candidate for tackling the widespread large-scale problems in fluid dynamics. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multigrid semi-implicit finite difference method for the two-dimensional shallow water equations (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 1229-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow water equations ; semi-implicit finite difference discretization ; multigrid computation ; staggered grid ; Gauss-Siedel relaxation ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A multigrid semi-implicit finite difference method is presented to solve the two-dimensional shallow water equations which describe the behaviour of basin water under the influence of the Coriolis force, atmospheric pressure gradients and tides. The semi-implicit finite difference method discretizes implicitly both the gradient of the water elevation in the momentum equations and the velocity divergence in the continuity equations and explicitly the convective terms using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. At each time step we apply the multigrid computation to solve the resulting linear, symmetric, pentadiagonal system of discrete equations. The multigrid algorithm, defined on staggered grids, provides accelerated convergence histories. We numerically simulate the water circulation in a closed rectangular basin, centrally crossed by a deeper channel. Moreover, simulation of the circulation in San Pablo Bay shows the high flexibility and applicability of this method to concrete problems. Visualizations of the computed variables, water depth and velocity, are shown by figures. Displays of convergence histories show promising multigrid acceleration. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF H AND P FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS OF THE SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 61-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite element ; shallow water equations ; adaptive refinement ; convergence ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A p-type finite element scheme is introduced for the three-dimensional shallow water equations with a harmonic expansion in time. The wave continuity equation formulation is used which decouples the problem into a Helmholtz equation for surface elevation and a momentum equation for horizontal velocity. An exploration of the applicability of p methods to this form of the shallow water problem is presented, with a consideration of the problem of continuity errors. The convergence rates and relative computational efficiency between h- and p- type methods are compared with the use of three test cases representing various degrees of difficulty. A channel test case establishes convergence rates, a continental shelf test case examines a problem with accuracy difficulties at the shelf break, and a field-scale test case examines problems with highly irregular grids. For the irregular grids, adaptive h combined with uniform p refinement was necessary to retain high convergence rates. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUMERICAL UNCERTAINTIES IN TRANSONIC FLOW CALCULATIONS FOR AEROFOILS WITH BLUNT TRAILING EDGES (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 355-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: computational fluid dynamics ; transonic airfoils ; numerical uncertainty ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical uncertainties are quantified for calculations of transonic flow around a divergent trailing edge (DTE) supercritical aerofoil. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a linearized block implicit solution procedure and mixing-length turbulence model. This procedure has reproduced measurements around supercritical aerofoils with blunt trailing edges that have shock, boundary layer and separated regions. The present effort quantifies numerical uncertainty in these calculations using grid convergence indices which are calculated from aerodynamic coefficients, shock location, dimensions of the recirculating region in the wake of the blunt trailing edge and distributions of surface pressure coefficients. The grid convergence index is almost uniform around the aerofoil, except in the shock region and at the point where turbulence transition was fixed. The grid convergence index indicates good convergence for lift but only fair convergence for moment and drag and also confirms that drag calculations are more sensitive to numerical error. © 1997 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR A TWO-EQUATION TURBULENCE MODEL IN WALL-BOUNDED FLOWS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 101-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible ; Navier-Stokes ; adaptive FEM ; turbulencek-∊ model ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents an adaptive finite element method for solving incompressible turbulent flows using a k-∊ model of turbulence. Solutions are obtained in primitive variables using a highly accurate quadratic finite element on unstructured grids. A projection error estimator is presented that takes into account the relative importance of the errors in velocity, pressure and turbulence variables. The efficiency and convergence rate of the methodology are evaluated by solving problems with known analytical solutions. The method is then applied to turbulent flow over a backward-facing step and predictions are compared with experimental measurements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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