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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot-dome anemometry (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2056-2061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Hot-dome anemometry obtains three components of flow velocity using an array of sensors, specifically five hot films in the present contribution, which are mounted around the hemispherical tip of a cylindrical support. Calibration for speed and angle resembles that of hot wires and split films except that the procedures accommodate heat transfer dominated by forced convection from the surface of a sphere rather than single or multiple cylinders. Measurements are obtained with hot domes, conventional hot wires, and impact probes in the wake of a wing to quantify measurement uncertainties. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148898
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probe configurations for hot-dome anemometry (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2115-2122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Measurements were obtained in the Rensselaer transonic windtunnel with front and side sensors on block and domed configurations of hot-dome probes in the uniform freestream over the range Mach 0.42 to 0.82 and for pitch and yaw angles of up to 60 deg. Results are presented with two hot-dome probe configurations, a block probe and a domed probe, and quantify effects of probe geometry, angle sensitivity, and velocity up to transonic Mach numbers. Block probe showed turbulence generation in the vicinity of the hot-film sensors, probably associated with recirculating flow downstream of its sharp corners. The domed probe was designed with rounded front and side surfaces to realize benefits from aerodynamic contouring and effect reductions in blockage, probe interference, separation, and compressibility. The curved front sensor of the domed probe responded primarily to the normal component of cooling velocity, and this implies that the front sensor of domed probes can be used to obtain the magnitude of flow velocity. Responses of pitch and yaw sensors on the domed probe suggest angle calibrations similar to those for five-hole impact probes may be suitable for hot-dome probes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144822
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulation of ion transport through rf glow-discharge sheaths (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 2241-2251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transport of ions through rf glow-discharge sheaths was simulated with a Monte Carlo method to determine the distributions of ion-bombardment energy and angle of impact. Several sheath parameters were varied and their effects examined: (1) the type of ion-molecule scattering (hard sphere, potential field interaction, charge exchange), (2) the ratio of ion and neutral masses, (3) the ratio of the sheath width to collision mean free path, (4) spatially uniform, spatially linear, and time-dependent (rf) electric fields in the sheath, and (5) the frequency of an rf component in the sheath. The results of the Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the type of elastic scattering (hard sphere or soft sphere) does not significantly change either the impact angle distributions or the scaled ion-bombardment energy distributions. Charge-exchange scattering produces a much greater ion-bombardment directionality and a different shape of the ion-bombardment energy distribution. The fully developed distributions depend only on the ion-to-neutral mass ratio, type of ion-neutral scattering, and the dc value of the electric field-to-pressure ratio at the electrode. Fully developed distributions are reached in approximately three mean free paths in spatially uniform sheath fields and in about six mean free paths for spatially linear sheath fields. The minimum ion directionality was observed when the ion-to-molecule mass ratio was approximately unity. Time-dependent (rf) variation of the sheath field produces features in the ion energy distributions which are similar for both the collisional and collisionless sheaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341062
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of measured and calculated SF6 breakdown in rf electric fields (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measured breakdown characteristics of SF6 at 4–14 MHz are compared with the breakdown predicted with an electron-balance model. This balance includes terms for the formation of electrons from ionization of neutral molecules and electron losses by attachment to neutral molecules, electric-field-driven fluxes, and diffusion. With model parameters obtained from existing literature on electron properties in dc electric fields, the model predicts radio frequency (rf) breakdown voltages in agreement with the experimental values. The electron balance model is also expressed in a nondimensional form to aid in generalizing rf breakdown to other gases. The electron concentration profiles formed when including the electric-field-driven fluxes are compared with the sinusoidal distribution achieved for diffusion-controlled breakdown. The success of this model suggests that glow discharges can be modeled in a similar fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337633
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic chlorine concentration measurements in a plasma etching reactor. I. A comparison of infrared absorption and optical emission actinometry (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 792-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atomic chlorine concentrations in Cl2 and CF3Cl plasmas have been measured using both infrared absorption spectroscopy and optical emission actinometry. These measurements were made over a range of plasma conditions including plasma excitation frequencies of 72 kHz–13.5 MHz, power inputs of 10–100 W, and pressures of 200–800 mTorr. In Cl2 plasmas, the technique of optical emission actinometry misrepresents atomic chlorine concentration changes by nearly an order of magnitude. The errors in the actinometry technique are believed to result from excited state Cl production by electron impact dissociation of Cl2. A simple model for Cl emission is in good agreement with the experimental observations. In CF3Cl discharges, the technique of optical emission actinometry is shown to accurately represent variations in atomic chlorine concentration with changing process conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339734
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion bombardment energy distributions in radio-frequency glow-discharge systems (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 1890-1903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The measurement and interpretation of ion bombardment energies in rf discharges of SF6, CF3Cl, and CF3Br from 0.2 to 1.0 Torr, are discussed. Errors in ion sampling due to disturbances of the electric field and neutral density around the sampling orifice are shown to be most important at higher pressures and with larger orifices. The dependence of the ion bombardment energy distribution on the electric-field-to-pressure ratio is reviewed. Combining this relation with a simple electrical model of a plasma gives estimates of the ion bombardment energies in collisional sheaths. The bombardment energy is proportional to (rf current)/(electrode area×frequency ×pressure) with the proportionality constant for a particular system depending on the collision cross sections and relative ion-to-netural mass ratio. The constants found for the three gases studied experimentally are close to theoretical estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336417
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUMERICAL UNCERTAINTIES IN TRANSONIC FLOW CALCULATIONS FOR AEROFOILS WITH BLUNT TRAILING EDGES (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 355-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: computational fluid dynamics ; transonic airfoils ; numerical uncertainty ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical uncertainties are quantified for calculations of transonic flow around a divergent trailing edge (DTE) supercritical aerofoil. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a linearized block implicit solution procedure and mixing-length turbulence model. This procedure has reproduced measurements around supercritical aerofoils with blunt trailing edges that have shock, boundary layer and separated regions. The present effort quantifies numerical uncertainty in these calculations using grid convergence indices which are calculated from aerodynamic coefficients, shock location, dimensions of the recirculating region in the wake of the blunt trailing edge and distributions of surface pressure coefficients. The grid convergence index is almost uniform around the aerofoil, except in the shock region and at the point where turbulence transition was fixed. The grid convergence index indicates good convergence for lift but only fair convergence for moment and drag and also confirms that drag calculations are more sensitive to numerical error. © 1997 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
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    Continuum modeling of argon radio frequency glow discharges (1987)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-02
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Probe configurations for hot‐dome anemometry (1994)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Hot-dome anemometry (1998)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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