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  • 1
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    Sparse optical microstimulation in barrel cortex drives learned behaviour in freely moving mice (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Electrical microstimulation can establish causal links between the activity of groups of neurons and perceptual and cognitive functions. However, the number and identities of neurons microstimulated, as well as the number of action potentials evoked, are difficult to ascertain. To address these issues we introduced the light-gated algal channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) specifically into a small fraction of layer 2/3 neurons of the mouse primary somatosensory cortex. ChR2 photostimulation in vivo reliably generated stimulus-locked action potentials at frequencies up to 50 Hz. Here we show that naive mice readily learned to detect brief trains of action potentials (five light pulses, 1 ms, 20 Hz). After training, mice could detect a photostimulus firing a single action potential in approximately 300 neurons. Even fewer neurons (approximately 60) were required for longer stimuli (five action potentials, 250 ms). Our results show that perceptual decisions and learning can be driven by extremely brief epochs of cortical activity in a sparse subset of supragranular cortical pyramidal neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425380/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425380/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, Daniel -- Petreanu, Leopoldo -- Ghitani, Nima -- Ranade, Sachin -- Hromadka, Tomas -- Mainen, Zach -- Svoboda, Karel -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):61-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18094685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/physiology/radiation effects ; Algal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation ; Learning/*physiology/radiation effects ; Mice ; Movement/*physiology ; Optics and Photonics ; Photic Stimulation ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/radiation effects ; Rhodopsins, Microbial/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Pluripotency pertains to the cells of early embryos that can generate all of the tissues in the organism. Embryonic stem cells are embryo-derived cell lines that retain pluripotency and represent invaluable tools for research into the mechanisms of tissue formation. Recently, murine fibroblasts have been reprogrammed directly to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using these same factors, we have derived iPS cells from fetal, neonatal and adult human primary cells, including dermal fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy of a healthy research subject. Human iPS cells resemble embryonic stem cells in morphology and gene expression and in the capacity to form teratomas in immune-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that defined factors can reprogramme human cells to pluripotency, and establish a method whereby patient-specific cells might be established in culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, In-Hyun -- Zhao, Rui -- West, Jason A -- Yabuuchi, Akiko -- Huo, Hongguang -- Ince, Tan A -- Lerou, Paul H -- Lensch, M William -- Daley, George Q -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):141-6. Epub 2007 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Shape ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
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