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  • Articles  (8)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas  (8)
  • AGU  (7)
  • Cambridge University Press  (1)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • 1
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    Interpretation of data from the monitoring thermal camera of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2009)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Twenty eruptive events from the Northeast Crater of Stromboli volcano recorded by a thermal monitoring camera in early 2004 were analysed in order to understand the eruptive dynamics. Selected eventswere chosen to be typical of explosions that characterize the steady activity of Stromboli in terms of jet height and duration. Most of the explosions consisted of clast-rich single bursts, originating from the same vent inside the Northeast Crater. Conspicuous ash emission was scarce. Eruptions were preceded by the flashing of a perturbation wave characterized by low temperatures and an average propagation velocity of about 35–100 m s−1. This perturbation was thought to be caused by the bursting of the gas slug at the bottom of the crater and is interpreted as an air wave. This was immediately followed by the expansion of a jet of ‘hot’ gas and particles, at a velocity of 35–75 m s−1. Ejecta coarser than 138 cm appeared ∼1.6–2 s after the onset of the explosion, moving at a variable velocity (30–60 m s−1). Eruptive events were either vertical or inclined 7–13◦ towards the NNW. This inclination is thought to be a consequence either of the morphology of the conduit, following modest rock falls that partially obstructed the uppermost part of the crater, or of the displacement of the internal conduit due to the explosive activity of the volcano. The instability of the summit area is a further possible cause of the deformation of the conduit.
    Description: This work was partially funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Italy, project INGVDPC V2
    Description: Published
    Description: 591–601
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: explosive dynamic ; thermal video monitoring ; volcano-tectonic structures ; volcano collapses ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Melt inclusion record of the conditions of ascent, degassing, and extrusion of volatile-rich alkali basalt during the powerful 2002 flank eruption of Mount Etna (Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two unusual, highly explosive flank eruptions succeeded on Mount Etna in July August 2001 and in October 2002 to January 2003, raising the possibility of changing magmatic conditions. Here we decipher the origin and mechanisms of the second eruption from the composition and volatile (H2O, CO2, S, Cl) content of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in explosive products from its south flank vents. Our results demonstrate that powerful lava fountains and ash columns at the eruption onset were sustained by closed system ascent of a batch of primitive, volatile-rich ( 4 wt %) basaltic magma that rose from 10 km depth below sea level (bsl) and suddenly extruded through 2001 fractures maintained opened by eastward flank spreading. This magma, the most primitive for 240 years, probably represents the alkali-rich parental end-member responsible for Etna lavas’ evolution since the early 1970s. Few of it was directly extruded at the eruption onset, but its input likely pressurized the shallow plumbing system several weeks before the eruption. This latter was subsequently fed by the extrusion and degassing of larger amounts of the same, but slightly more evolved, magma that were ponding at 6–4 km bsl, in agreement with seismic data and with the lack of preeruptive SO2 accumulation above the initial depth of sulphur exsolution ( 3 km bsl). We find that while ponding, this magma was flushed and dehydrated by a CO2-rich gas phase of deeper derivation, a process that may commonly affect the plumbing system of Etna and other alkali basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: B04203
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    High-precision locations of the microseismicity preceding the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To recognize possible signals of intrusive processes leading to the last 2002–2003 flank eruption at Mt. Etna, we analyzed the spatial pattern of microseismicity between August 2001 and October 2002 and calculated 23 fault plane solutions (FPSs) for shocks with magnitude greater than 2.5. By applying the double-difference approach of Waldhauser and Ellsworth [2000] on 3D locations, we found that most of the scattered epicentral locations further collapse in roughly linear features. High-precision locations evidenced a distribution of earthquakes along two main alignments, oriented NE-SW to ENE-WSW and NW-SE, matching well both with the known tectonic and volcanic lineaments of Etna and FPSs results. Moreover, microseismicity and swarms located along the NNW-SSE volcano-genetic trend suggest, together with geodetic data and volcanological evidence that progressive magma refilling has occurred since February 2002.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Earthquake dynamics and mechanics ; Seismology: Earthquake parameters ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring ; Volcanology: Magma migration. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Shallow intrusive processes during 2002–2004 and current volcanic activity on Mt. Etna (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The understanding of shallow intrusive processes during 2002–2004, as well as the causes of the volcano-tectonic seismicity, has been improved at Mt. Etna by comparing the inversion results from GPS data with accurate 3D hypocentral locations. Our findings indicate that short periods of deflation (about six months) were followed by recharging phases after the end of both the 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions. During the last recharging phase (June 2003–August 2004), modeling results and seismic observations suggest a composite mechanism of re-injection of magma into the rift-zones (S and NE), similar to that leading to the 2002–2003 flank eruption, which could have triggered the summit eruption started on September 7, 2004.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcanology: Magma migration and fragmentation ; Seismology: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; Seismology: Seismicity and tectonics ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Dynamics of Mount Etna Volcano inferred from static and kinematic GPS measurements (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformations measured on Mount Etna from late 1995 to mid-1998 using GPS observations are analyzed. Four GPS surveys were carried out during the considered period. In 1995 the GPS network consisted of 18 stations on the volcanic edifice and 6 stations around it. During the 1996 survey, 22 new monuments were added along a N-S profile crossing the summit craters area. This profile was surveyed by a semikinematic method, allowing greater spatial detail to be achieved on the uppermost part of the volcano. The comparisons between the GPS surveys are reported here in terms of horizontal and vertical displacements for each station and also in terms of areal dilatation and strain distribution. This last parameter continues its ascending trend, at a rate of ~5 μstrain yr−1, already shown in the previous period, after the end of the 1991–1993 flank eruption. Inversion of the ground deformation patterns permits investigation of the evolution of both the position and dynamics of magma reservoirs beneath the volcano, consistently associated with a general eastward sliding of its eastern sector. This study allows us to define the nonuniqueness of ground deformation sources through the investigated period, suggesting that the plumbing system of the volcano is made up of a complex system of single intrusions occurring at different times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-15
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; ground deformation ; GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Seismological evidence of stress induced by dike injection during the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A selected dataset of 151 events, leading the July 17–August 9, 2001 lateral eruption at Mt. Etna volcano, has been analyzed for three-dimensional hypocenter locations, focal mechanisms and stress tensor inversions. The seismic pattern provided indications for two main spatial clusters of foci located along and eastwards of the 2001 Mt. Etna eruptive fractures system. The 151 fault plane solutions (mostly strike slip) were inverted for stress tensor parameters, and space variations of seismogenic stress orientations have been identified. The stress inversion results and the axi-symmetric orientation of P-axes, in the region surrounding the modeled dike, well support the evidence of a unique stress source in agreement with the ground deformation results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms ; Volcanology: Magma migration ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Feedback processes between magmatic events and flank movement at Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002-2003 eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Mount Etna eruption and the associated deformation provide a unique possibility to study the relationships between volcanism and volcano instability. The sequence started with movement of the eastern volcano flank and was associated with earthquakes and the formation of surface ruptures. Then the eruption occurred from fissures at the north and south rift zones and was followed by additional flank movement, seismic swarms, and surface ruptures. The overall area of flank movement implicated more than 700 km2. In this paper we investigate how episodes of magmatic events (eruptions and intrusions) and flank movement interact. In three-dimensional numerical models we simulate the volcano-tectonic events and calculate changes in the static stress field. The models suggest that the 2002–2003 events are the result of interrelated processes consisting of (1) the preeruptive intrusion of magma and inflation of the volcano, which induced (2) the movement of the volcano east flank, (3) facilitated the eruption, and (4) led to the slip of a much larger part of the eastern and southeastern flanks. Understanding the precise interconnectivity of these processes may help to forecast the behavior during future volcanic crisis at Mount Etna, which is crucial in minimizing volcanic and seismic hazards on the highly populated eastern sector of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-12
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; flank instability ; volcano deformation ; volcano-tectonic interaction ; elastic stress field modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Coupling of eruptions and earthquakes at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy): A case study from the 1981 and 2001 events (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Changes in Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS) induced by dike propagation during two flank eruptions on Mt. Etna (1981 and 2001) are calculated for the most seismically active faults on the east slope of the volcano (the right-lateral Timpe fault system, oriented NNW-SSE, and the left-lateral Pernicana fault, oriented E-W). Calculations performed using Coulomb 2.5 software indicate that intrusion of a NNW dike on the NW side of the volcano (1981 eruption) rises ΔCFS on both the Timpe and Pernicana faults. In contrast, intrusion of a N-S dike at high elevation on the south flank (2001 eruption) rises ΔCFS only on Timpe fault System. These results are compatible with the observed pattern of seismicity, but emphasize an extremely heterogeneous state of stress on the east flank of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Tectonophysics: Stresses: crust and lithosphere ; Volcanology: Magma migration and fragmentation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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