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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Soils and landscapes are bridges of space and time, as they simultaneously and authentically show essential aspects that were previously separated by time and space (such as cultural and activity-related aspects from past and present) to the trained observer - albeit only in excerpts. Therefore, this article presents a series of impact indicators for soil changes, starting with extreme (anthropogenic) interventions and ending with equally extreme ("natural") events. An essential difference to specifically planning-relevant or human ecological concepts, which, for example, specify land use/load categories, is that the following impact indicators perceive soils as a phenomenon in themselves and do not define them through attributed functions. Particular attention is focused on their changeability and vital development potential, as well as on their property as a sphere of penetration of living and material things, with emphasis on the noetic effect. The intervention or event spaces on the earth's surface can be differentiated quantitatively through the type, strength, and duration of the phenomena. The intensity of all processes can be described by amplitude (the strength of the interventions/events) and frequency (the repetition rate of the interventions/events) and can be specifically identified and quantified by, for example, material inputs or outputs per unit of time. For the first time, there would be a system for measuring the ecological quality of anthropogenic land use, which could serve as an "alert system for the external technological culture," and could help us become aware of our "inner" culture.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Boden ; Landschaft ; Bodendegeneration ; Deutschland ; Anthropogene Bodenveränderung
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Format: 9
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  • 2
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    Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft, Hamburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Description: Die Jubiläumsschrift zum 75jährigen Bestehen der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) enthält zahlreiche Beiträge von Mitgliedern zu vier Schwerpunkten: 1) Eine Aktualisierung der Geschichte der DGG vor allem zu den an Ereignissen reichen letzten 25 Jahren sowie Ergänzungen zu vorausgegangenen Darstellungen. 2) Die Darstellung der Geschichte geophysikalischer Institute und Institutionen in Deutschland inklusive eines Rückblicks auf das erfolgreiche Wirken ihrer verdienstvollen Persönlichkeiten. 3) Die Beschreibung einer Auswahl in der deutschen Geophysik angegangener Großprojekte der letzten 25 Jahre. 4) In Anlehnung an die Festschrift zum 50jährigen Gründungsjubiläum ist schließlich noch ein Kapitel zu geophysikalischen 'Detailthemen' ausgeführt. In ihm sind auch Beiträge enthalten, die Traditionslinien bzw. Arbeiten betreffen, die in der früheren DDR aufgenommen worden waren und z.T. keine direkte Fortsetzung an einer Nachfolgeinstitution gefunden haben.
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: 550 ; Geschichte der Geophysik ; Festschriften {Geophysik} ; Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft ; Deutschland ; Geophysik ; Geschichte ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
    Format: 226 S.
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  • 3
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    DGG, [Münster]
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Wird heute genug für die wissenschaftliche und technologische Steuerung des sich immer rasanter vollziehenden globalen und regionalen Wandels der Bio- und Geosphäre getan? Hat die internationale Gemeinschaft die Kraft zu einem sinnvollen, übergreifenden "Umwelt-Management"? Geophysik kann auf Grund ihrer interdisziplinären Stellung innerhalb der Naturwissenschaften und mit ihren vielfältigen Beziehungen zur Technik zum effizienten Einsatz der Kräfte und Mittel beitragen - in einer Zeit weltweiter sozialer, politischer und eben auch ökologischer Konflikte. Geophysik kann notwendige Prioritäten wissenschaftlich begründen und verfechten und somit helfen, weittragende und konsensfähige Entscheidungen vorzubereiten, um gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und Unterstützung für die Politik zu erreichen. Die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft - getragen von ihrer Verantwortung um den Beitrag der Geophysik für die gemeinsame Zukunft - wendet sich im 75. Jahr ihres Bestehens mit dieser Denkschrift an die Öffentlichkeit. Teil I enthält einen Überblick zur Spezifik, zur Stellung, zu den Zielen und zur Bedeutung der Geophysik. Im Teil II stellen führende Geophysiker ausgewählte Beispiele moderner geophysikalischer Forschung vor. Teil III ist statistisch angelegt und gibt einen kurzen Überblick zu den in Deutschland angesiedelten Institutionen geophysikalischer Lehre und Forschung. Die Denkschrift "Mit Geophysik in die Zukunft" will Politiker, Industrielle, Wissenschaftler, Vertreter der Medien und interessierte Bürger erreichen, um im Interesse des Gemeinwohls zu angemessener Wissenschaftsförderung und kluger Zukunftsgestaltung beizutragen.
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geophysik} ; Geophysik ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Deutschland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 4
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    In:  fiz-fischerei@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3141 | 1240 | 2012-11-10 14:05:04 | 3141 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery Research in 2010.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Information Management ; Gesamtproduktion 2000 ; Fischerei ; Deutschland ; Aquakulturproduktion 2000 ; Meeresfang
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 28-30
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  • 5
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    Inst. f. Physische Geographie, FU, Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (FU Berlin) | ZB 20559:47
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : EHLERS, J. & MENSCHING, H.: Küstenversatz und Prielverlagerungen an der Nordseeküste. S. 9-22 ; FRÄNZLE, O.: Periglaziäre Formung der Altmoränengebiete Schleswig-Holsteins. S. 23-35 ; HEMPEL, L.: Rezente und fossile Mesoformen der Abtragung und Aufschüttung in Ausräumen von Schichtkammlandschaften im Teutoburger Wald. S. 37-47 ; LEHMEIER, F.: Zum Formenschatz der Schichtkammlandschaft im Niedersächsischen Bergland. S. 49-61 ; GARLEFF, K., BRUNOTTE, E. & STINGL, H.: Fußflächen im zentralen Teil der Hessischen Senke. S. 63-76 ; MÖLLER, K.: Das Eschweger Becken und seine Randbereiche — Ergebnisse geomorphographischer und hydrochemischer Analysen. S. 77-92 ; GLATTHAAR, D.: Vertikalbewegungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Formenentwicklung im Westerwald. S. 93-106 ; MÜLLER, M.J.: Periglaziärfluviale, solifluidale und abluale Formung im westlichen Hunsrück und am Ostrand der Trier-Bitburger Mulde. S. 107-118 ; BARSCH, D. & MÄUSBACHER, R.: Zur fluvialen Dynamik beim Aufbau des Neckarschwemmfächers. S. 119-128 ; LESER, H.: Schichtstufen und Talrandstufen in Südwestdeutschland. S. 129-147 ; FARRENKOPF, D.: Relief und Wasserhaushalt im Eyachtal, Nordschwarzwald. S. 149-154 ; LESER, H. & METZ, B.: Vergletscherungen im Hochschwarzwald. S. 155-175 ; HABBE, K.A.: Was kann eine geomorphologische Vollkartierung für die Stratigraphie des Quartärs leisten? S. 177-196 ; RATHJENS, C.: Jungglaziale Formung und spätglazialer Eisabbau im Chiemgau. S. 197-205 ; FISCHER, K.: Die würmzeitliche und stadiale Vergletscherung der Berchtesgadener Alpen. S. 207-225 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 910.02 ; Deutschland ; Geologie ; Geomorphologie ; Glazial ; Gletscher ; Küste ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 6
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    Im Selbstverlag des Institutes für Physische Geographie der Freien Universität Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (FU Berlin) | FB 23640:2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Zur Vereinfachung wird die Vielfalt der Karstformenbezeichnungen bereinigt. Erdfall wird als Form, die in nicht verkarstungsfähigen Serien liegt, aber auf Tiefensubrosion zurückgeht, der Doline, einer Form, die in verkarstungsfähigem Material liegt, gegenübergestellt. Als Grundlage der Arbeit wurde eine detaillierte Kartierung der Auslaugungsformen durchgeführt. Hinsichtlich rezenter Subrosion erwies es sich als notwendig, die in Oberflächenwässern und wasserwirtschaftlich erfaßten Wässern gelösten Bestandteile von Chlorid, Sulfat und Karbonat zu ermitteln. Die Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten zeigt, daß ein Zusammenhang mit Gebieten besteht, die durch aktuelle Erdfälle und Dolineneinbrüche gekennzeichnet sind. Als Voraussetzung zur Reliefgenese gilt, daß das Gebiet des Unterwerra-Sattels entscheidend durch die saxonische Gebirgsbildung an der Wende Jura/Kreide und die nachfolgende klimageomorphologische Entwicklung geprägt ist. Anhand der geomorphographischen Analyse wird der Einfluß der Salz-, aber auch der Sulfatauslaugung auf die Landschaftsgenese belegt. Die Auslaugung des Salzes (Nal), dessen Mächtigkeit im Untersuchungsgebiet mit mindestens 120 m angenommen wird, und der unterlagernden ca. 130 m nächtigen Zechsteingipse (A 1 - A 3) zerrüttet die überlagernden triassischen Schichten weiter. Darüber hinaus wirkt die Subrosion von mehr als 30 m Rötgipsen und 50 m Gipsen des Mittleren Muschelkalkes im Hangenden des Zechsteins reliefformend. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse - rezente und subrezente Formen, Lösungswerte – werden zunächst in kleineren Gebietseinheiten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Nasseranalysen bestätigen das geomorphographische Ergebnis, so daß in Anlehnung an die Gipshorizonte von Stockwerkssubrosion gesprochen werden kann. Entscheidend geprägt ist die heutige Situation jedoch durch vorangegangene Zechsteinsalzauslaugung im tieferen Untergrund. Diese hat in den Hangendserien die Wasserwegsamkeit verstärkt, so daß die nachfolgende Sulfatsubrosion den Kleinformenschatz vor der Schichtstufe des Mittleren Buntsandsteins steuern konnte. Aufgrund ihrer für Auslaugungsgebiete typischen Ausprägung wird die Lage der Schichtstufe in weiten Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes an das in Auslaugung befindliche Salz geknüpft. Das Auftreten von Subrosionsformen vor der Landstufe des Kaufunger Waldes, den östlichen Meißnerhängen, dem Anstieg des Schlierbachswaldes sowie vor dem Anstieg des Buntsandsteins zwischen Heldra, Frieda und Bad Sooden-Allendorf untermauert diese Interpretation. In der südlichen und südöstlichen Umrahmung des Untersuchungsgebietes wird der Salzhang aufgrund geomorphographischer Kriterien unter dem Steilanstieg des Unteren Muschelkalkes ausgewiesen. Aufgrund dieser Befunde wird die primäre Salzverbreitung als über den Unterwerra-Sattel reichend angenommen, womit sich, abgesehen von den Einflüssen der saxonischen Tektonik, alle Reliefentwicklungsprozesse allein durch Auslaugung und folgende geomorphologische Überprägung erklären lassen. Darüber hinaus ist dieses Gebiet in Nordhessen nicht nur durch eine über alle Schichten hinweggreifende Rumpfflächenbildung gekennzeichnet, sondern die Resistenzunterschiede wurden - unabhängig vom Klima - beständig herausgearbeitet. Aus diesen Ergebnissen wurde ein übergeordnetes Modell zur Reliefentwicklung erstellt. Danach existieren im Untersuchungsgebiet fünf Reliefgenerationen, wobei die postsaxonische Reliefentwicklung mit zerstörtem, die Auslaugung begünstigendem Hangendverband nach der Landhebung bzw. dem Einbruch der das Gebiet begrenzenden Grabenstrukturen, die bis ins Alttertiär reicht, nicht erfaßt werden konnte. [...]
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 910.02 ; Hessisch-thüringisches Bergland {Geologie} ; Morphogenese einzelner Regionen {Geomorphologie} ; Deutschland ; Hessen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 196
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  • 7
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    Im Selbstverlag des Institutes für Physische Geographie der Freien Universität Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (FU Berlin) | ZB 20559:60
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Ergebnisse hydrologischer und stratigraphischer Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Brandenburger Kesselmooren vorgestellt. Für die Erfassung der aktuellen und historischen biotischen und abiotischen Standortfaktoren wurden verschiedene Methoden angewandt: floristische und vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen sowie hydrologische, hydrochemische, geochemische, geophysikalische und sedimentologische Untersuchungen und Makrorest-‚ Mikrorest- und Pollenanalyse. Der zeitlichen Einordnung der entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Prozesse dienten Radiocarbondatierungen und die pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Entwicklungsstadien auszuscheiden, die von den untersuchten Mooren seit ihrer Entstehung durchlaufen wurden. Aufgrund der stratigraphischen Untersuchungen wurden Aussagen zur Beckengenese und zu den einzelnen See- und Moorentwicklungsphasen getroffen, zum Verlandungsvorgang, zu Moorbildungsbedingungen und Sukzessionsstadien. Den Entwicklungsstadien konnten über geochemische und -physikalische Untersuchungen abiotische Standortfaktoren zugeordnet werden. Die aktuellen Standortveränderungen wurden erfaßt und die vorgenommenen Erhaltungs- und Wiedervernässungsmaßnahmen dokumentiert und bewertet.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Teilfragen zu Brandenburg {Geographie} ; Moorkunde {Geomorphologie} ; Ostdeutschland, Berlin, Brandenburg {Hydrologie} ; Moorkunde {Geologie} ; Brandenburg ; Kessel-Moor ; Stratigraphie ; Hydrologie ; Geschichte ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; C/N ; Moor ; Pollen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 159
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  • 8
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    Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203:10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 63 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, zu magnetischen und elektrischen Feldern der Erde, zu der Physik der Atmophäre und der angewandten Geophysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1934.
    Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Karl Mack †〈/a〉〈br〉(Hiller, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die südalbanischen Erdbeben 1930/31〈/a〉〈br〉(Nowack, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gräfe, H., v. zur Mühlen, W., Müller, H. K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Horizontalsicht bei örtlich veränderlicher Trübung und Beleuchtung〈/a〉〈br〉(Steinhäusser, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H., Köhler, R., Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Beitrag zur Berechnung von Minimum-Stabpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Zur Theorie elastischer Pendel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Holweck-Lejayschen Stabpendels〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Eine neue Methode für sehr präzise magnetische Messungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Koulomzine, T., Bondaletoff, N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Zur Frage der mit dem temperaturkompensierten Magnetsystem erreichbaren Meßgenauigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohl, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Die Höhenverteilung der Erd-, Luft- und Höhenstrahlung〈/a〉〈br〉(Suckstorff, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Erdstrahlungsmessungen in Bad Nauheim nach der Gammastrahlenmethode〈/a〉〈br〉(Masuch, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Referate〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Abschnitt〈/a〉〈br〉(Angenheister, G., Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Hergesell geb. 29. Mai 1859〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Hecker geb. 21. Mai 1864〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Sprengungen zur Forschungszwecken mit Unterstützung der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Beiträge zu den Luftschallmessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O., Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Regula, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Berechnung der Laufzeitkurven des anormalen Schalles für windstille Atmosphäre und Vergleich mit der Laufzeitkurve der Oldebroek-Sprengung vom 15. Dezember 1932〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Ergebisse der Registrierungen von Schallwellen an kreisförmig um den Sprengherd angeordneten Stationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Beobachtungsergebnisse über den Einfluß der "akustischen Umkehrschicht" auf die Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Zur Frage der anomalen Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kölzer, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Schalluntersuchungen im Polargebiet〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Betrachtungen über ebene Pendel〈/a〉〈br〉(Hahnkamm, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Außenraum und Innenraum (Schlichtung des Streites um die Schwerkraftreduktion)〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Geoiden von Ackerl und Hirvonen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ledersteger, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Auto-Radio als Hilfsmittel geologischer Kartierung〈/a〉〈br〉(Cloos, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Zur photographischen Registrierung von Stationsseismometern〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Ein Horizontalseismometer für die Aufzeichnung von starken Orts- und Nahbeben〈/a〉〈br〉(Critikos, N. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Die Bedeutung der Unstetigkeiten im Verlauf der Schallgeschwindigkeit mit der Höhe für die normale und anomale〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die Relativität der Undulationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Hopfner, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Ein detonierendes Meteor über dem Weserbergland am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Hartmann, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Der Meteorfall bei Stadt Rehburg am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Trommsdorff, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Vergleich zwischen der Intensität der kosmischen Ultrastrahlung über Grönland und über Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Das Grundeis〈/a〉〈br〉(Jakuschoff, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Le problème des microséismes et le déferlement des vagues〈/a〉〈br〉(Gherzi, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Note on the Hayford-Bowie tables for calculation 〈i〉g〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉(Bullard, E. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Kann die Laplacesche Differentialgleichung für das Schwerkraftpotential auch innerhalb der Erdkruste als erfüllt angesehen werden?〈/a〉〈br〉(Grabowski, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Der geophysikalische Nachweis des Zechsteindolomits〈/a〉〈br〉(Müller, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(von Seidlitz, W., Sieberg, A., Linke, F., Gerlach, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Frage der Geländekorrektion bei Drehwaagemessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Tuchel, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0080.pdf"〉Emanation in Boden- und Freiluft〈/a〉〈br〉(Israël, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Energie der Heliokathodenstrahlen in ihrer Beziehung zur fortschreitenden Bewegung der Elektronen in den Polarlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Rudolph, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Weitere Untersuchungen mit dem Sanford-Elektrometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Stoppel, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Das Strömungssystem der Luft über Mogadischu〈/a〉〈br〉(Bossolasco, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0084.pdf"〉Messungen mit transportablen statischen Schweremessern〈/a〉〈br〉(Schleusener, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Über den Energietransport bei der Sprengseismik〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Schmidt, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0087.pdf"〉Formen der Bodenschwingung bei sinusförmiger Anregung〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit sinusförmiger elastischer Wellen im Boden〈/a〉〈br〉(Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Bericht über die elfte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Bad Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0093.pdf.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Dezember 1934〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Geomagnetismus ; Magnetismus ; Seismik ; Atmosphäre ; Gravitation ; Wellen ; Ionosphäre ; Strahlung ; Radioaktivität ; Erdbeben ; Waves ; Deformation ; Pendel ; Boden ; Deutschland ; Grönland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English , French
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 9
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    Jena G. Neuenhahn, G.m.b.H., Universitäts-Buchdruckerei
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8552:3
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Deutschlands Erdbebentätigkeit pflegt unterschätzt zu werden, weil sie gewöhnlich so harmlos erscheint. Zwar bringt der Jahresverlauf nur wenige Beben, abgesehen von gelegentlichen Schwärmen mit vielen hunderten von Einzelstößen, wie sie besonders dem Vogtland eigentümlich sind. Zudem handelt es sich dabei vorwiegend um schadlose Erderschütterungen, die kaum Beobachtung finden. Aber der Fachmann kennt daneben auch bis in die neueste Zeit hinein Erdbeben mit erheblichen Schäden und selbst Zerstörungen, die für längere Zeit das öffentliche Leben völlig beherrscht haben; mitunter wurde fast Großbebencharakter erreicht.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.2 ; Seismologie {Geophysik} ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geophysik} ; Erdbeben ; Seismologie ; Deutschland ; Schwarmbeben ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 12
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  • 10
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    Akad. Verl.-Ges., Leipzig
    In:  SUB Göttingenr | 8 MIN III, 8549:23
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die nachstehenden neueren Untersuchungen auf verschiedenen Gebieten geophysikalischer Forschung, die von Mitgliedern der Reichsanstalt für Erdbebenforschung in Jena durchgeführt sind, wurden erstmalig in der Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstage des früheren Direktors der Reichsanstalt, Herrn Geheimrat Professor Dr. Oskar Hecker (Beitrage zur Angewandten Geophysik, Band 4, Heft 3, Leipzig 1934) veröffentlicht. Sämtliche Arbeiten, ausgenommen diejenigen von Krumbach, gehören zu den von der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft unterstützten geophysikalischen Forschungen. A. Sieberg
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Geophysik ; Seismologie {Geophysik} ; Deutschland ; Seismik ; Pendel ; Schweremessung ; Erdbeben ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Am Beispiel des "Leegmoores" im Timpemoor - einem ehemaligen "Heidemoor" - wurde auf Grund von boden- und moorkundlichen Untersuchungen sowie von landeskundlich-historischen Recherchen die Entwicklung der Heidemoore überprüft. Dazu wurden erstmalig die flächenhaften Verluste an Moorsubstanz durch - wiederholte Moorbrandkultur, - Entnahme von Heidesoden (Abplaggen) und - Winderosion qualitativ und quantitativ erfaßt, dazu die Moorsackung errechnet. Aus den vorhandenen moorkundlichen Fakten konnte das natürliche Moorrelief des Timpemoores rekonstruiert werden. Die Autoren weisen nach, daß die von JONAS (1934, 1935) beschriebenen Heidemoore "durch den Menschen beeinflußte Moore" darstellen. Das untersuchte Timpemoor hat sich danach im Verlauf mehrerer Jahrhunderte aus einem natürlichen gewölbten Hochmoor gebildet.
    Description: On the basis of pedological, peatland and historical investigations the origin of raised bogs with heather vegetation ("Heidemoore")was examined at the example "Leegmoor", a part of the "Timpemoor". In addition to that for the first time the loss of peat substance by - burnt-over peatland cultivation, - cutaway heather sods, - erosion by wind and - bog subsidence was calculated. With the available peatland facts it was possible to reconstruct the natural bog relief. The authors are able to demonstrate that the "Heidemoore" described by JONAS (1934, 1935) are bogs influenced by man. During the last centuries the Timpemoor developed from a natural raised bog (with convex centre) to a raised bog with heather vegetation.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 553.21 ; bog ; Deutschland ; Germany ; Hochmoor ; land-use ; mire ; Moor ; Niedersachsen ; palaeoenvironment ; peat mining ; peatland ; Torfabbau ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article_digi
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  • 12
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    Reimer, Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (FU Berlin) | 4 Z GEOGR 107:3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Vergleichende Darstellung und Analyse der Arbeitsvorgänge in den Agrarlandschaften der Erde. Dieser Aufgabe unterzieht sich in einem ersten Schritt die vorliegende Studie. Sie strebt an, mit der Darstellung und Analyse des jährlichen Arbeitsvorganges die bisher wenig berücksichtigte dynamische Seite der Agrarlandschaft – ihre Rhythmik nämlich – in exakter Weise erfassen zu können. Im Vordergrund steht zunächst weniger die regionale als vielmehr die sachliche Erörterung, auf der Beispielsgrundlage jedoch einer regionalen Kontrastierung innerhalb Deutschlands bzw. aus naheliegenden Gründen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Späteren großräumigen Untersuchungen erst kann es vorbehalten sein, von der hier geschaffenen Plattform aus auf eine speziell regionale Betrachtungsweise überzugehen.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 910 ; Kulturgeographie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Agrar- und Forstgeographie {Wirtschaftsgeographie} ; Agrarlandschaft ; Arbeitsvorgang ; Deutschland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 129
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  • 13
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    Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:12
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: An der Hand von Erdbeben, die im Boden Deutschlands entstanden sind, sollen folgende Fragen untersucht werden: 1) Die Wirkungsweise der einzelnen Bebenherde, von denen anzunehmen ist, dass sie verschiedenartige Charaktereigenschaften haben. Hierfür ist es notwendig, festzustellen einmal Lage und geometrisches Bild des Herdes als geologische Störungsstelle, andererseits den das Erdbeben auslösenden Bewegungsvorgang in der Herdstörung. 2) Die Abhängigkeit der scheinbaren Bebenstarken innerhalb des Schüttergebietes von Bodenbeschaffenheit und Tektonik.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Europa {Seismologie} ; Deutschland {Geophysik} ; Erdbeben ; Deutschland ; Tektonik ; geol ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 44
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  • 14
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    Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 77 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmosphäre sowie der Angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in den Jahren 1930.
    Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Messungen unter Tage〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O., Wolf, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die ersten Dickenmessungen des grönländischen Inlandeises〈/a〉〈br〉(Sorge, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Die seismische Bodenunruhe in Hamburg und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Brandung〈/a〉〈br〉(Mendel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Die sonnenbelichteten Nordlichtstrahlen und die Konstitution der höheren Atmosphärenschichten〈/a〉〈br〉(Vegard, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Nochmals: Zur Frage der Laufzeitkurven〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Erwiderung zur vorstehenden Arbeit von Herrn Prof. Gutenberg〈/a〉〈br〉(Krumbach, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der vorstehenden Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Einfluß des Mondes auf die erdmagnetischen Elemente in Samoa〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Ein Diagramm zur Bestimmung der Differenz der Schwerestörung 〈i〉Δg〈/i〉 in zwei Beobachtungspunkten〈/a〉〈br〉(Oserezky, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Zur Ermittlung ausgedehnter Schichten verschiedener Leitfähigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Über tägliche erdmagnetische Variationen in zwei Alpentälern〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Die Wirkung der obersten Erdschicht auf die Anfangsbewegung einer Erdbebenwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Hasegawa, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Über die Elastizität von Gesteinen〈/a〉〈br〉(Breyer, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Über den Horizontalabstand von Pendelstationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Die Belowsche Methode zur Bestimmung der Wirkung gegebener Massen auf Krümmungsgröße und Gradient, ihre Verallgemeinerung für beliebige Massenformen und ihre Anwendung auf "zweidimensionale" Massenanordnungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Harmonische Schwingungen des Untergrundes〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Fleming, I. A., Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Über die Ursache der erdmagnetischen Störung im Gebiet der Freien Stadt Danzig〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Die kontinentalen Verschiebungen von Amerika und Madagaskar〈/a〉〈br〉(Livländer, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Magnetische Vermessung einiger tertiärer Eruptivgänge und -stöcke im sächsischen Elbsandsteingebirge〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Über die Existenz einer mondentägigen Variation in den Erdströmen〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Zum Trübungsfaktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Feussner, K., Friedrichs, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Temperature changes between Torsion balance readings in the State of Texas〈/a〉〈br〉(Harris, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Über isostatische Schwereanomalien und deren Beziehung zu den totalen Anomalien〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Ausführungen von H. Jung〈/a〉〈br〉(Ansel, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Wesensgleiche und wesensverschiedene Darstellungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Nippoldt, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Die Säkularvariation in der Rheinpfalz in den Jahren 1850 bis 1928〈/a〉〈br〉(Burmeister, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Größenverhältnis von remanentem zu induziertem Magnetismus in Gesteinen; Größe und Richtung des remanenten Magnetismus〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Über eine magnetische Anomalie am Lebasee in Ostpommern〈/a〉〈br〉(Reich, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Die Ergebnisse der magnetischen Messungen in der Ostsee in den Jahren 1924 bis 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Gernet-Reval, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Erdmagnetische Messungen in Bulgarien, Mazedonien, Trazien und in der Dobrudja〈/a〉〈br〉(Popoff, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Einige Bemerkungen über erdmagnetische Messungen, welche in Feodossia ausgeführt wurden〈/a〉〈br〉(Palazzo, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Possible causes of abnormal polarizations of magnetic formations〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Die geologische Bedeutung der Schaffung einer Isanomalenkarte der magnetischen Vertikalintensität von Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Schuh, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Die innere Genauigkeit von Inklinationsmessungen mit dem Erdinduktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Venske, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Theorie einer neuen galvanischen Waage〈/a〉〈br〉(Bock, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Messungen im Luftschiff〈/a〉〈br〉(Haussmann, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Une modification de l'enregistreur à marche rapide et à petite consommation de papier de Ad. Schmidt pour l'application aux stations de l'Anneé Polaire 1932–1933〈/a〉〈br〉(la Cour, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Was sagen uns die Parameter eines Magneten?〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Über die Herleitung des Potentials des täglichen erdmagnetischen Variationsfeldes〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Über den Vektor der magnetischen Störungen im aperiodischen Verlauf〈/a〉〈br〉(Keränen, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Forschungsmethode über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sonnenfleckentätigkeit und den erdmagnetischen Störungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gehlinsch, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Der Temperaturverlauf im Sandboden〈/a〉〈br〉(Süring, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die dominierende Luftdruckwelle des strengen Winters 1928/29〈/a〉〈br〉(Weickmann, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Über einige meteorologische Begriffe〈/a〉〈br〉(Tetens, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Über die Feinstruktur des Temperaturgradienten längs Berghängen〈/a〉〈br〉(Wagner, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Das unperiodische Element im Tropenklima〈/a〉〈br〉(Knoch, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Zur Theorie der Maxwellschen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in turbulenten Strömungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ertel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Wie tief dringen die Polarlichter in die Erdatmosphäre ein?〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Gammastrahlen an Kaliumsalzen〈/a〉〈br〉(Kolhörster, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Über die Form der Fernschallwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Kühl, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Seismizität des Südantillenbogens〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0076.pdf"〉Eine neue württembergische Erdbebenwarte〈/a〉〈br〉(Kleinschmidt, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Typhusmorbidität (bzw. Typhusmortalität) und Niederschlagsschwankungen nebst einer Kritik der Brücknerschen Klimaperiode〈/a〉〈br〉(Wenzel Pollak, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Über die Abhängikeit der Schwerkraft vom Zwischenmedium〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0080.pdf"〉On the Determination of the Lunar Atmospheric Tide〈/a〉〈br〉(Chapman, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Wärmeumsatz durch die Wärmestrahlung des Wasserdampfes in der Atmosphäre〈/a〉〈br〉(Albrecht, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Ein Universal-Induktionsmagnetometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Uljanin, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Der große Staubfall vom 26. bis 29. April 1928 in Südosteuropa〈/a〉〈br〉(Stenz, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Ein neues Verfahren der luftelektrischen Raumladungsmessung〈/a〉〈br〉(Wigand, A., Schubert, J., Frankenberger, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Kurze Erwiderung auf Vegards Bemerkungen über sonnenbelichtete Nordlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Bemerkung zu der Arbeit "Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln" von E. Kohlschütter〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit von Herrn Dr. O. Meisser: "Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen"〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. C. A. Heiland〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Das Epizentrum des südatlantischen Großbebens vom 27. Juni 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen auf dem Pasterzegletscher. I〈/a〉〈br〉(Brockamp, B., Mothes, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0096.pdf"〉Bericht über die neunte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 11. bis 14. September 1930 in Potsdam〈/a〉〈br〉(Mügge, Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0099.pdf"〉Literaturverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0100.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0102.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Oktober 1930〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Aurora ; Deutschland ; Erdbeben ; Geoelektrik ; Geologie ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Ionosphäre ; Magnetismus ; Pendel ; Seismik ; Tiden ; USA ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English , French
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Abstract: Current information on the potential distribution and condition of peatland soils are of great importance. This applies notably for actions with respect to climate and environmental protection. The Ministry of infrastructure and agriculture in the federal state of Brandenburg (MIL) therefore initiated a project to provide a complete and updated map of peatland soils for the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, for the year 2013. Extensive legacy data on both, areal extent of peatland soils as well as soil profile information where made digitally available in a homogeneous map and a consistent database. Approximately 7.725 sites were randomly selected from legacy soil data and currently reinvestigated to draw inference on the current condition of peatland soils. Statistically derived peatland subsidence rates at grassland sites of 0.50 cm/yr and 0.57 cm/yr at arable sites fit well with published values in comparable regions of central Europe. Our results prove the great dynamics of soil development on agriculturally used peatlands. Concerning Brandenburg, the area of peatland soils decreased from 270.000 ha in the early 20th century (Prussian geological map) to actually 163.000 ha.
    Description: Zusammenfassung: Aktuelle Informationen zur Verbreitung und zum Zustand der Moorböden sind vor dem Hintergrund der geplanten Einführung von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Ministerium für Infrastruktur und Landwirtschaft des Landes Brandenburg (MIL) hat hierzu das Projekt „Schaffung einer Datengrundlage für die Ableitung von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen auf Moorstandorten in Brandenburg“ initiiert. Mit dem Ziel der Bereitstellung einer auf das Jahr 2013 bezogenen Moorkarte wurden umfangreiche, bis dato nicht genutzte Datenbestände zur Verbreitung von Moorböden in Brandenburg zu einer überschneidungsfreien Karte und umfassenden Datenbank moorbodenkundlicher Bodenprofile verarbeitet. Um den aktuellen Zustand der Moorböden zu erfassen, wurden flächenrepräsentativ und zufällig an 7.725 Standorten mit ausreichender Datenbasis erneut bodenkundliche Erhebungen durchgeführt und statistisch ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten Mächtigkeitsverlustraten für landwirtschaftlich genutzte Moorstandorte in Brandenburg abgeleitet werden. Für flachgründige Niedermoorstandorte unter Grünland liegen sie bei 0,50 cm/a, vergleichbare ackerbaulich genutzte Standorte liegen mit 0,57 cm/a darüber. Dies deckt sich gut mit publizierten Werten an vergleichbaren Standorten in Zentraleuropa. Die Fläche der Moorböden in Brandenburg hat sich von Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts von 270.000 ha, ausgewiesen auf Basis der Preußisch geologisch-agronomische Karte (PGK), auf heute noch 163.000 ha reduziert.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; peatland ; Brandenburg ; Deutschland ; Germany ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Abstract: Peatlands are intensively exchanging greenhouse gases with the free atmosphere. Natural peatlands, mires, sequester carbon dioxide as carbon in the peat and emit methane. Peatlands under agriculture or forest are mostly drained and emit carbon dioxide due to peat mineralization and nitrous oxide due to fertilization and nitrogen mineralization. In order to characterize the actual situation and to evaluate measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions measured values on gas exchange are needed. Within two national projects direct measurements of the greenhouse gas exchange have been conducted on a wide range of sites, covering different peatland types, land use forms and hydrological situations and using a standardized methodology. Between 2007 and 2012 22 sites have been studied in Lower Saxony over at least two years using the closed cover method. An overview on sites and results is given. Moreover, approaches to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions due to peat excavation and horticultural peat use are presented. Own emission factors and data from literature are used to estimate the contribution of peatlands and peat use to the greenhouse gas emissions of Lower Saxony. Finally measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are discussed and estimates on reduction costs are given from examples.
    Description: Zusammenfassung: Moore stehen in einem intensiven Gasaustausch mit der Atmosphäre. Natürliche Moore haben über Jahrtausende Kohlendioxid aufgenommen und den Kohlenstoff als Torf gespeichert. Dabei haben sie Methan abgegeben. Entwässerte und genutzte Moore setzen den Kohlenstoff als Kohlendioxid wieder frei und emittieren zudem klimarelevantes Lachgas als Ergebnis der Stickstoffdüngung und der Torfmineralisation. Zur Charakterisierung der Ist-Situation und zur Beurteilung von Maßnahmen ist es erforderlich, belastbare Daten über die Treibhausgasemissionen der Moore zu haben. Im Rahmen von zwei bundesweit angelegten Verbundvorhaben wurden an einer Vielzahl von Standorten unterschiedlichen Moortyps, unterschiedlicher Nutzung und unterschiedlicher Klima- und Wasserregime mit einer abgestimmten Methodik die Flüsse der wesentlichen Treibhausgase direkt gemessen. Im Rahmen dieser Verbundvorhaben wurden in Niedersachsen zwischen 2007 und 2012 an 22 Standorten mindestens zweijährige Messungen mit der Haubentechnik vorgenommen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über untersuchte Standorte und Messergebnisse. Darüber hinaus werden Ansätze zur Ermittlung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus der industriellen Torfgewinnung dargestellt. Unter Verwendung eigener Ergebnisse und von Literaturdaten wird eine Abschätzung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Moor und Torfgewinnung für das Land Niedersachsen vorgenommen. Abschließend geht der Beitrag auf Maßnahmen zur Verminderung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Mooren sowie beispielhaft auf Emissionsminderungskosten ein.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; mire ; peatland ; emission ; CO2 ; N2O ; Germany ; Deutschland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 17
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    Inst. für Phys. Geogr., Freie Univ., Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (FU Berlin) | ZB 20559:36
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: STÄBLEIN, G.: Regionale Geomorphologie ; KERTESZ, A.: Geomorphologische Kartierung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in Ungarn. Ein Vergleich der Methodik ; BOLLMANN, I.: Geomorphologische Daten und kartographische Darstellung ; PACHUR, H.-J. & RÖPER, H.-P.: Geolimnologische Befunde des Berliner Raumes ; REMMELE, G.: Holozäne Morphodynamik an Schichtstufenhängen — Untersuchungen in Nordwest-Irland ; MÜLLER, MJ. & STRASSER, R.: Holozäne Geomorphodynamik und Landschaftsentwicklung am Ostrand der Trier-Luxemburger Mulde ; KLEBER, A.: Zur jungtertiären Reliefentwicklung im Vorland der südlichen Frankenalb ; HAMANN, C.: Windwurf als Ursache der Bodenbuckelung am Südrand des Tennengebirges, ein Beitrag zur Genese der Buckelwiesen ; ZÖLLER, L.: Neotektonik am Hunsrückrand ; SEPPÄLÄ, M.: Glazialhydrologie des Inlandeises, eine geomorphologische Interpretation der Verhältnisse in Finnland ; JÄKEL, D.: Untersuchungen und Analysen zur Entstehung der Hamada ; GARLEFF, K. & STINGL, H.: Neue Befunde zur jungquartären Vergletscherung in Cuyo und Patagonien ; STINGL, H. & GARLBFF, K.: Tertiäre und pleistozäne Reliefentwicklung an der interozeanischen Wasserscheide in Südpatagonien (Gebiet von Rio Turbio, Argentinien) ; SCHMIDT, K.H.: Nachweis junger Krustenbewegungen auf dem Colorado Plateau, USA ; KUHLE, M.: Zur Geomorphologie Tibets, Bortensander als Kennformen semiarider Vorlandvergletscherung . ; STÄBLEIN, G.: Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie ;
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, FU Berlin
    Keywords: 550 ; 910.02 ; Geomorphologie ; Kartierung ; Holocene ; Irland ; Hunsrück ; Frankenalb ; Finnland ; Hamada ; Patagonien ; Cuyo ; Colorado ; Tektonik ; Gletscher ; glacier ; Tibet ; Deutschland ; Sahara ; Tibesti ; Darfur ; Sudan ; Libyen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Abstract: In addition to the widespread use of peatlands for agricultural purposes, which is also common in other German states, the raised bogs in Lower Saxony are still also used up to the present day for housing, as well as for industrial peat extraction. The Peatland Conservation Programme in Lower Saxony launched in 1981 therefore only covered raised bogs to disentangle the different uses, and to systematise the nature protection activities in raised bogs. The priority areas for the extraction of peat defined in the Federal State Regional Planning Programme are to be rescinded. The new State Development Programme being formulated will not only include the nature conservation of peatlands, but also for the first time, deal with the climate protection afforded by these very important storage areas for carbon. An important aspect in this regard is the incorporation of fens, and the discharge from peatlands into underlying water bodies. The database and the conclusions which contribute to the implementation of climate protection in peatland conservation programmes, will be discussed and compared with the peatland conservation previously implemented pursuant to the Peatland Conservation Programme in Lower Saxony. An overview describes various approaches for peatland and climate protection implemented by private initiatives, nature conservation societies, EU-Life-Projects, contractual nature protection, publicly owned businesses and authorities in Lower Saxony, research projects on alternative uses, and climate certificate trading. These varied instruments are compared to highlight their relative areal effectiveness, and relevance, followed by an estimate of the potential for future peatland and climate protection in Lower Saxony.
    Description: Zusammenfassung: Neben der auch in anderen Bundesländern weit verbreiteten landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Mooren werden die niedersächsischen Hochmoore bis heute auch als Siedlungsraum und zur industriellen Torfgewinnung genutzt. Daher umfasste das niedersächsische Moorschutzprogramm von 1981 nur die Hochmoore, um diese verschiedenen Nutzungen zu entflechten und den Naturschutz in Hochmooren zu systematisieren. Die bisher im Landesraumordnungsprogramm ausgewiesenen Vorranggebiete für die Rohstoffgewinnung von Torf sollen gestrichen werden. In ein neu aufzustellendes Landesentwicklungsprogramm soll neben dem Naturschutz von Mooren erstmalig auch der Klimaschutz dieser wichtigen Kohlenstoffspeicher eingehen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind hierbei die Einbeziehung der Niedermoore und der Stoffaustrag aus Mooren in unterliegende Gewässer. Die Datengrundlagen und Schlussfolgerungen, die zur Implementierung des Klimaschutzes in den Moorschutz beitragen, werden diskutiert und mit dem bisher umgesetzten Moorschutz nach dem niedersächsischen Moorschutzprogramm verglichen. Ein Überblick beschreibt verschiedene Ansätze zum Moor- und Klimaschutz von Privatinitiativen, von Naturschutzverbänden, mit EU-Life-Projekten, im Vertragsnaturschutz, von niedersächsischen Landesbetrieben und Behörden, von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Nutzungen und beim Handel mit Klima-Zertifikaten. Diese unterschiedlichen Instrumente werden in ihrer Flächenwirksamkeit und Relevanz in Beziehung gesetzt und das Potenzial für den künftigen Moor- und Klimaschutz in Niedersachsen abgeschätzt.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; peatland ; mire ; nature conservation ; Germany ; Deutschland ; emission ; bog ; Niedersachsen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 19
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    In:  ???
    Publication Date: 2013
    Description: Simulationen mithilfe des Models 4C zu möglichen Auswirkungen der Klimaänderungen des RCP 8.5 Klimaszenariums auf Wälder in Deutschland Kiefer Fichte Eiche Buche KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels (Temperatur, Niederschlag, CO2-Gehalt der Atmosphäre) auf die Wälder KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Frühjahr) + und Delta Nied (Frühjahr) -, dann Produktivität der Wälder -; Delta C02 + um 25 - 30 %, dann Produktion der Wälder + um 9 - 20%; Delta T + (an nicht wasserlimitierten Standorten), dann Produktivität der Wälder +; Delta CO2+, dann Wassernutzungseffizienz der Wälder +; Delta T (Sommer) +, dann Waldbrandgefahr +; Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) - (= WaBi -), dann Trockenstress der Wälder + um bis zu 9% und dann Produktivität der Wälder -; Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Populationsdichte Kiefern-Großschädlinge +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 20. und 21. Jahrhundert ; Boden ; Buche ; Eiche ; Fichte ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Sturmschaden ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Verdunstung ; Waldbrand ; Waldwachstum ; Wassermangel ; Wind ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2012
    Description: Übersicht über bisherige, dokumentiere Zusammenhänge einer Klimaänderung und pilzliche Krankheiten in Raps, Abschätzungen über das Auftreten von Verticillium longisporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria brassicae und Phoma lingam an Raps in der Zukunft KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Projektionen über das Auftreten von pilzlichen Pathogenen in Raps, Basiszeitraum 1971-2000, Szenario A1B, REMO, 2001-2030 und 2071-2100, Zusammenhang zwischen Grad-Tagen(〉0°C), Pflanzenentwicklung und Krankheitsparametern als Regressionsfunktionen im Artikel, jedoch sind feiner aufgelöste Projektion von RCM als Tageswerte erforderlich, um Wachstumszyklen zu simulieren und genauere Aussagen zu erhalten KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +, dann Zunahme von Verticillium longisporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria brassicae und Phoma lingam an Raps, Signal verstärkt im Szenarienzeitraum 2071-2100, Abnahme von Pyrenopeziza brassicae
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Sachsen, Niedersachsen, Norddeutschland ; 1971-2000 ; Szenarien ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Temperatur ; Raps
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  • 21
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    In:  Hattermann, F. F., Z. W. Kundzewicz, H. S., T. Vetter, W. Kron, O. Burghoff, Y. Hauf, V. Krysanova, F.-W. Gerstengarbe, P. Werner, B. Merz, A. Bronstert (2012a), Flood risk in holistic perspective - observed changes in Germany. In: Changes of flood risk in Europe, IAHS Press, Wallingford, 212-237.
    Publication Date: 2012
    Description: Simulierte und beobachtete Trends der jährlichen Hochwassermaxima KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Trend der Zu- bzw. Abnahme der Andauer der jährlichen Hochwassermaxima in Deutschland für die Vergangenheit KATASTER-DETAIL: Abnahme des mittleren jährlichen Abflusses um 35 % in Baden-Württemberg (Pegel Achstetten/Baierzer Rot) bzw. 21 % in Brandenburg (Pegel Ketzin/Havel) Zunahme des mittleren jährlichen Abflusses um 84 % in Bayern (Pegel Breitenbachkamm/Breitach) bzw. 74 % in Bayern (Pegel Kalteneck/Ilz)
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1951-2003 ; Witterungsextreme ; Hochwasser
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  • 22
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    In:  Internes Arbeitsmaterial des PIK, .... fs01/guests\Martin.Wodinski\PIK-COLLECTION\SLIDES-POOL\RD2\
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Kalkulation der Hitzetage (Tmax 〉 30°C) anhand es PIK/DWD Datensatzes für 1951-2006 im Jahr, und für den Zeitraum 2051-60, Szenario A1B, als Mittel und Differenzkarten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Hitzetage (Tmax 〉 30°C) in Deutschland KATASTER-DETAIL: Zunahme der Hitzetage (Tmax 〉 30°C) 2051-2060 vs. 1951-2006 um bis zu 16 Tagen im Jahr, stärkste Zunahme Rheingragben, Rheinland-Pfalz, Niederrhein, Kölner Bucht und Mitteldeutschland
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1951-2006, 2051-60 ; Temperatur ; Witterungsextreme
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  • 23
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    In:  Internes Arbeitsmaterial des PIK, .... fs01/guests\Martin.Wodinski\PIK-COLLECTION\SLIDES-POOL\RD2\
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Kalkulation der Klimatischen Wasserbilanz (mm) anhand es PIK/DWD Datensatzes für 1951-2006 im Jahr, und für den Zeitraum 2051-60, Szenario A1B, als Mittel und Differenzkarten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Jährliche Klimatischen Wasserbilanz WABI (Niederschlag - pot. Verdunstung nach Turc-Ivanov) für Deutschland KATASTER-DETAIL: Zu- bzw. Abnahme der (WABI) 2051-2060 vs. 1951-2006 von 200 - (-100) im Westen der BRD, in Ostdeutschland stärkere, einheitliche Abnahme der WABI um bis zu 300mmm
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1951-2006, 2051-60 ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterungsextreme
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  • 24
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    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 13-16
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: Beispiele Ambrosia, Eichenprozessionsspinner KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Phänologie
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  • 25
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    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 17-20
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: ausgedehnte Ambrosiaareale auch in der Lausitz und dem Berliner Raum KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Neben Sensibilisierung gegen Ambrosia auch Kreuzreationen bei Sensibilisierung gegen Beifuß möglich KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Phänologie
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: einheimische und importierte  vektorassoziierte  Infektionen, Gastrointestinale  Infektionskrankheiten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 27
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    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 21-23
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: weltweite Verbreitung der Asiatischen Tigermücke Aedes albopictus innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte im Zusammenhang mit Chikungunya-Ausbruch im Sommer 2007 in Italien KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Transportwege der Globalisierung als wesentlicher Faktor neben Klimaänderungen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 28
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    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 24-28
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: Gesundheitliche Bewertung ultravioletter Strahlung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; UV-Strahlung
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  • 29
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    In:  Kappas, M. (Hrsg): Klimawandel und Hautkrebs, Interdisziplinäre Projektgruppe CLIMAderm, Stuttgart, ibidem-Verlag, 25-51
    Publication Date: 2008
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; UV-Strahlung
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  • 30
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    In:  JDDG - Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2008, 6(8), 632-639
    Publication Date: 2008
    Description: Klärung der Studienlage zum potentiellen Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Prävalenz von Haut- und Allergieerkrankungen in Deutschland KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: klimabedingte Veränderungen vor allem bei allergischen Erkrankungen, Hautkrebs und einzelnen erregerbedingten Dermatosen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Phänologie ; UV-Strahlung
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  • 31
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    In:  In: Lozán, J.L.; Graßl, H.; Jendritzky, G.; Karbe, L.; Reise, K. (Hrsg.) Warnsignal Klima: Gesundheitsrisiken. Gefahren für Pflanzen, Tiere und Menschen.Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen, Hamburg, 121-125
    Publication Date: 2008
    Description: Fallbeispiel Sommer 2003 KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zunahme von Ozon in der Troposphäre bei stationären sommerlichen Hochdruckwetterlagen mit hohen Lufttemperaturen und intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung, indirekt Zunahme von Feinstaub bei Hitze (〉30°C) und Ozonbelastung (〉200 Mikrogramm pro Kubikmeter) KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Luftverunreinigungen
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  • 32
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    In:  Kappas, M. (Hrsg): Klimawandel und Hautkrebs, Interdisziplinäre Projektgruppe CLIMAderm, Stuttgart, ibidem-Verlag, 1-11
    Publication Date: 2008
    Description: UV-Strahlungsbeeinflussende Faktoren Azimutwinkel, Bewölkung, Aerosole, stratosphärisches Ozon, biologische Wirkung in Abhängigkeit vom Hauttyp und Sensibilisierung (Jahreszeit) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss klimatischer Veränderungen auf die Häufigkeit von Hautkrebserkrankungen sehr wahrscheinlich, bei vermutlich hoher Bedeutung des (thermisch motivierten) Expositionsverhaltens KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; UV-Strahlung
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2008
    Description: zeitliche Trends und geografische Ursprünge der Vektor-übertragenen Krankheiten in Deutschland im Hinblick auf Stärken der bestehenden Krankheitsüberwachung für Hantavirus Infektion (endemisch in Deutschland), Chikungunya-Fieber (vor kurzem Schwellenländer in Europa) und Dengue-Fieber (importiert aus tropischen Regionen) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 2001-2007 ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2008
    Description: Studie zu einer prognostizierten Anzahl von Tagen mit Wärme- und mit Kältestress, basierend auf Klimaszenarien für den Zeitraum 2071 bis 2100 KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: schätzungsweise durchschnittlicher Anstieg der Zahl der wärmeinduzierten Krankheitsfälle um einen Faktor von mehr als 3 und für hitzebedingte Krankenhausaufenthalte 6, Verlust von 0,1% bis 0.5% des BIP durch krankheitbedingten Arbeitsausfall KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin
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  • 35
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    In:  In: Gostomzyk, J.G.; Enke, M. (Hrsg.): Globaler Klimawandel und Gesundheit. Schriftenreihe der Landeszentrale für Gesundheit in Bayern, Band 19, München, 2008, 75 – 85
    Publication Date: 2008
    Description: Pollensaison, -auftreten und -arten, sowie Veränderungen der Allergenität von Pollen unter Klimawandel KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: zunehmende Polysensibilisierungen gegenüber Inhalationsallergien durch zunehmend invasives Traubenkraut Ambrosia artemisiifolia KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Phänologie
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Studie zu einer prognostizierten Anzahl von Tagen mit Wärme- und mit Kältestress, basierend auf Klimaszenarien für den Zeitraum 2071 bis 2100 KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Prognose: größere Zahl an Todesfällen durch Hitze im Süden gegenüber dem Norden Deutschlands und zugleich größerer Rückgang der Todesfälle durch Kälte im Norden, Anstieg der Todesopferzahl durch zunehmende Hitze insgesamt größer als Rückgang der Opferzahl durch weniger Kälte KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Temperatur
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Elementarschadenversicherung ; Natural disaster insurance ; Versicherungspflicht ; Mandatory insurance ; Katastrophenhilfe ; Emergency aid ; Marktversagen ; Market failure ; Überschwemmung ; Flood ; Theorie ; Theory ; Deutschland ; Germany ; Hochschulschrift ; Thesis ; Dissertation
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: Autochthone Malaria in Deutschland, Historischer Abriss, Nachkriegsmalaria, Aktuelle malariaepidemiologische Situation KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: klimatische Bedingungen ermöglichen Ausreifung von Sporozoiten in heimischen Anophelesmücken, historisch erwiesen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: Herleitung einer Formel zur Berechnung der Plasmodium-Sporozoitenreifungszeit KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Ausreifung von Pl. vivax- und Pl. falciparum-Sporozoiten im deutschen Raum möglich, Zustandekommen endemischer Malariaerregerübertragung bzw. Entstehung epidemiologisch wirksamer malariogener Potentiale dabei gebunden an das Vorhandensein von Gametozytenträgern und Überträgermücken KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin
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  • 41
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    In:  In: Klimastatusbericht 2003, DWD, Offenbach, 152-162
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 2003 ; Umweltmedizin ; Temperatur
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: Erfassung aller tatsächlichen oder vermuteten vektorassoziierten Krankheiten und Vektoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: viele Pathogene in Deutschland bereits vorhanden bzw. geeignete Vektoren stehen zur Verfügung, bei Einschleppung durch Reservoirwirte oder erkrankte Reisende sind autochthone Fälle zu erwarten KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 43
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    In:  Beiträge für Forstwirtschaft und Landschaftsökologie 2001(4): 4
    Publication Date: 2001
    Description: deutliche Verschiebungen der phänologischen Jahreszeiten, besonders der Frühjahrsphasen; für jede phänologische Phase negative und auch positive Trends entdeckt, z.T. auf engen Raum; Verschiebung auf Variation der Lufttemperatur zurückzuführen; Verlängerung der Vegetationsperiode, hauptsächlich durch Veränderungen im Frühjahr KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1951-1996
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 31-49 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Bax ; Bcl-2 ; Bcl-X ; bone ; programmed cell death ; p53 ; c-fos ; Msx-2 ; differentiation ; IRF-1 ; IRF-2 ; collagenase gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We present evidence of cell death by apoptosis during the development of bone-like tissue formation in vitro. Fetal rat calvaria-derived osteoblasts differentiate in vitro, progressing through three stages of maturation: a proliferation period, a matrix maturation period when growth is downregulated and expression of the bone cell phenotype is induced, and a third mineralization stage marked by the expression of bone-specific genes. Here we show for the first time that cells differentiating to the mature bone cell phenotype undergo programmed cell death and express genes regulating apoptosis. Culture conditions that modify expression of the osteoblast phenotype simultaneously modify the incidence of apoptosis. Cell death by apoptosis is directly demonstrated by visualization of degraded DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments after gel electrophoresis. Bcl-XL, an inhibitor of apoptosis, and Bax, which can accelerate apoptosis, are expressed at maximal levels 24 h after initial isolation of the cells and again after day 25 in heavily mineralized bone tissue nodules. Bcl-2 is expressed in a reciprocal manner to its related gene product Bcl-XL with the highest levels observed during the early post-proliferative stages of osteoblast maturation. Expression of p53, c-fos, and the interferon regulatory factors IRF-1 and IRF-2, but not cdc2 or cdk, were also induced in mineralized bone nodules. The upregulation of Msx-2 in association with apoptosis is consistent with its in vivo expression during embryogenesis in areas that will undergo programmed cell death. We propose that cell death by apoptosis is a fundamental component of osteoblast differentiation that contributes to maintaining tissue organization. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:31-49, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 309-327 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: in vitro replication ; ors8 ; Oct-1 transcription factor ; POU domain ; mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A 186-base pair fragment of ors8, a mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence isolated by extrusion of nascent monkey DNA in early S phase, has previously been identified as the minimal sequence required for replication function in vitro and in vivo. This 186-base pair fragment contains, among other sequence characteristics, an imperfect consensus binding site for the ubiquitous transcription factor Oct-1. We have investigated the role of Oct-1 protein in the in vitro replication of this mammalian origin. Depletion of the endogenous Oct-1 protein, by inclusion of an oligonucleotide comprising the Oct-1 binding site, inhibited the in vitro replication of p186 to approximately 15-20% of the control, whereas a mutated Oct-1 and a nonspecific oligonucleotide had no effect. Furthermore, immunodepletion of the Oct-1 protein from the HeLa cell extracts by addition of an anti-POU antibody to the in vitro replication reactioninhibited p186 replication to 25% of control levels. This inhibition of replication could be partially reversed to 50-65% of control levels, a two- to threefold increase, upon the addition of exogenous Oct-1 POU domain protein.Site-directed mutagenesis of the octamer binding site in p186 resulted in a mutant clone, p186-MutOct, which abolished Oct-1 binding but was still able to replicate as efficiently as the wild-type p186. The results suggest that Oct-1 protein is an enhancing component in the in vitro replication of p186 but that its effect on replication is not caused through direct binding to the octamer motif. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:309-327, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cell proliferation ; tumor progression ; EGF receptor ; ErbB ; HER1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is an activating ligand for the EGF receptor (HER1/ErbB1) and the high-affinity receptor for diphtheria toxin (DT) in its transmembrane form (proHB-EGF). HB-EGF was immunolocalized within human benign and malignant prostatic tissues, using monospecific antibodies directed against the mature protein and against the cytoplasmic domain of proHB-EGF. Prostate carcinoma cells, normal glandular epithelial cells, undifferentiated fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells were not decorated by the anti-HB-EGF antibodies; however, interstitial and vascular smooth muscle cells were highly reactive, indicating that the smooth muscle compartments are the major sites of synthesis and localization of HB-EGF within the prostate. In marked contrast to prostatic epithelium, proHB-EGF was immunolocalized to seminal vesicle epithelium, indicating differential regulation of HB-EGF synthesis within various epithelia of the reproductive tract. HB-EGF was not overexpressed in this series of cancer tissues, in comparison to the benign tissues. In experiments with LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells, HB-EGF was similar in potency to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in stimulating cell growth. Exogenous HB-EGF and EGF each activated HER1 and HER3 receptor tyrosine kinases and induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins to a similar extent. LNCaP cells expressed detectable but low levels of HB-EGF mRNA; however, proHB-EGF was detected at the cell surface indirectly by demonstration of specific sensitivity to DT. HB-EGF is the first HER1 ligand to be identified predominantly as a smooth muscle cell product in the human prostate. Further, the observation that HB-EGF is similar to EGF in mitogenic potency for human prostate carcinoma cells suggests that it may be one of the hypothesized stromal mediators of prostate cancer growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:328-338, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chondrocytes ; cyclooxygenase-2 ; c-Jun N-terminal kinase ; protein kinase A ; cAMP response element ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The involvement of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in signaling pathways that control the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in human chondrocytes was examined. Okadaic acid (OKA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP-1) and 2A (PP-2A), induced a delayed, time-dependent increase in the rate of COX-2 gene transcription (runoff assay) resulting in increased steady-state mRNA levels and enzyme synthesis. The latter response was dose dependent over a narrow range of 1-30 nmol/L with declining expression and synthesis of COX-2 at higher concentrations due to cell toxicity. The delayed increase in COX-2 mRNA expression was accompanied by the induction of the proto-oncogenes c-jun, junB, junD, and c-fos (but not FosB or Fra-1). Increased phosphorylation of CREB-1/ATF-1 transcription factors was observed beginning at 4 h and reached a zenith at 8 h. Gel-shift analysis confirmed the up-regulation of AP-1 and CRE nuclear binding proteins, though there was little or no OKA-induced nuclear protein binding to SP-1, AP-2, NF-κB or NF-IL-6 regulatory elements. OKA-induced nuclear protein binding to 32P-CRE oligonucleotides was abrogated by a pharmacological inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), KT-5720; the latter compound also inhibited OKA-induced COX-2 enzyme synthesis. Calphostin C (CalC), an inhibitor of PKC isoenzymes, had little effect in this regard. Inhibition of 32P-CRE binding was also observed in the presence of an antibody to CREB-binding protein (265-kDa CBP), an integrator and coactivator of cAMP-responsive genes. The binding to 32P-CRE was unaffected in the presence of excess radioinert AP-1 and COX-2 NF-IL-6 oligonucleotides, although a COX-2 CRE-oligo competed very efficiently. 32P-AP-1 consensus sequence binding was unaffected by incubation of chondrocytes with KT-5720 or CalC, but was dramatically diminished by excess radioinert AP-1 and CRE-COX-2 oligos. Supershift analysis in the presence of antibodies to c-Jun, c-Fos, JunD, and JunB suggested that AP-1 complexes were composed of c-Fos, JunB, and possibly c-Jun. OKA has no effect on total cellular PKC activity but caused a delayed time-dependent increase in total PKA activity and synthesis. OKA suppressed the activity of the MAP kinases, ERK1/2 in a time-dependent fashion, suggesting that the Raf-1/MEKK1/MEK1/ERK1,2 cascade was compromised by OKA treatment. By contrast, OKA caused a dramatic increase in SAPK/JNK expression and activity, indicative of an activation of MEKK1/JNKK/SAPK/JNK pathway. OKA stimulated a dose-dependent activation of CAT activity using transfected promoter-CAT constructs harboring the regulatory elements AP-1 (c-jun promoter) and CRE (CRE-tkCAT). We conclude that in primary phenotypically stable human chondrocytes, COX-2 gene expression may be controlled by critical phosphatases that interact with phosphorylation dependent (e.g., MAP kinases:AP-1, PKA:CREB/ATF) signaling pathways. AP-1 and CREB/ATF families of transcription factors may be important substrates for PP-1/PP-2A in human chondrocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:392-413, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 48
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 457-471 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: coated vesicles ; acetylcholine receptors ; AP180 ; myotube ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies were generated to vesicular membranes of clathrin coated vesicles enriched for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). One of these, C172, recognizes vesicles which accumulate in muscle cells around nuclei associated with acetylcholine receptor AChR clusters. Immunoblots of muscle extracts and brain purified clathrin coated vesicles show that C172 recognizes a 100 kd band in muscle, but a 180 kd band in brain. Western blots of purified AP180 protein stained with the two antibodies AP180.1 and C172 displayed the same staining pattern. Tryptic digests probed with peptide antibodies (PS26 and PS27) generated to known sequences of AP180 were used to map the epitope for C172 within the brain AP180 sequence. On immunoblots of digested AP180, all AP180 antibodies and C172 recognized a 100 kd tryptic fragment, however only C172 recognized a smaller 60 kd. Our results suggest that the C172 epitope is located within amino acids 305-598 of the AP180 sequence. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of myoblasts and myotubes stained with the C172 antibody gives a punctate immunofluorescence pattern. Myoblasts stained with C172 revealed a polarized distribution of vesicles distinct from that observed when cells are stained with γ adaptin antibody which is known to localize to trans Golgi network. Myotubes stained with C172 antibody reveal a linear array of vesicular staining. Quantitative analysis of C172 reactive vesicles revealed a significant increase in number of vesicles present around the nuclei associated with the acetylcholine receptor clusters. These vesicles did not colocalize with the Golgi cisternae. These results indicate that a protein with homology to the neuron-specific coated vesicle protein AP180, is present in muscle cells associated with vesicles showing significant concentration around postsynaptic nuclei present in close proximity to AChR clusters. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:457-471, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Rous sarcoma virus ; chondrocytes ; matrix calcification ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Endochondral bone formation involves the progression of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes through a sequence of developmental stages which include proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy, and matrix calcification. To study this highly coordinated process, we infected growth plate chondrocytes with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and studied the effects of RSV transformation on cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and mineralization. The RSV-transformed chondrocytes exhibited a distinct bipolar, fibroblast-like morphology, while the mock-infected chondrocytes had a typical polygonal morphology. The RSV-transformed chondrocytes actively synthesized extracellular matrix proteins consisting mainly of type I collagen and fibronectin. RSV-transformed cells produced much less type X collagen than was produced by mock-transformed cells. There also was a significant reduction of proteoglycan levels secreted in both the cell-matrix layer and culture media from RSV-transformed chondrocytes. RSV-transformed chondrocytes expressed two- to- threefold more matrix metalloproteinase, while expressing only one-half to one-third of the alkaline phosphatase activity of mock infected cells. Finally, RSV-transformed chondrocytes failed to calcify the extracellular matrix, while mock-transformed cells deposited high levels of calcium and phosphate into their extracellular matrix. These results collectively indicate that RSV transformation disrupts the preprogrammed differentiation pattern of growth plate chondrocytes and inhibit chondrocyte terminal differentiation and mineralization. They also suggest that the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, type II and type X collagens, and the cartilage proteoglycans are important for chondrocyte terminal differentiation and matrix calcification. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:453-462, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Cordyceps sinensis ; adrenal cells ; steroidogenesis ; signal pathway ; PKC ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cordyceps sinensiscontains a factor that stimulates corticosteroid production in the animal model. However, it is not known whether this drug acts directly on the adrenal glands or indirectly via the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. In the present study, we used primary rat adrenal cell cultures to investigate the pharmacological function of a water-soluble extract of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) and thesignaling pathway involved. Radioimmunoassay of corticosterone indicated that the amount of corticosterone produced by adrenal cells is increased in a positively dose-dependent manner by CS, reaching a maximun at 25 μg/ml. This stimulating effect was seen 1 h after CS treatment and was maintained for up to 24 h. Concomitantly, the lipid droplets in these cells became small and fewer in number. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody, A2, a specific marker for the lipid droplet capsule, demonstrated that detachment of the capsule from the lipid droplet occurs in response to CS application and that the period required for decapsulation is inversely related to the concentration of CS applied. The mechanism of CS-induced steroidogenesis is apparently different from that for ACTH, since intracellular cAMP levels were not increased in CS-treated cells. However, combined application with calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, completely blocked the effect of CS on steroidogenesis, suggesting that activation of PKC may be responsible for the CS-induced steroidogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:483-489, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 51
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 506-521 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: heart ; development ; CaMPK ; cAPK ; CDK ; cGPK ; Kkialre ; PKC ; Wee1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: During early postnatal development, cardiomyocytes, which comprise about 80% of ventricular mass and volume, become phenotypically developed to facilitate their contractile functions and terminally differentiated to grow only in size but not in cell number. These changes are due to the expression of contractile proteins as well as the regulation of intracellular signal transduction proteins. In this study, the expression patterns of several protein kinases involved in various cardiac functions and cell-cycle control were analyzed by Western blotting of ventricular extracts from 1-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 365-day-old rats. The expression level of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was slightly decreased (20%) over the first year, whereas no change was detected in cGMP-dependent protein kinase I. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which is involved in Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was increased as much as ten-fold. To the contrary, the expressions of protein kinase C-α and ι declined 77% with age. Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) such as CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK5, which are required for cell-cycle progression, abruptly declined to almost undetectable levels after 10-20 days of age. In contrast, other CDK-related kinases, such as CDK8 or Kkialre, did not change significantly or increased up to 50% with age, respectively. Protein kinases implicated in CDK regulation such as CDK7 and Wee1 were either slightly increased in expression or did not change significantly. All of the proteins that were detected in ventricular extracts were also identified in isolated cardiac myocytes in equivalent amounts and analyzed for their relative expression in ten other adult rat tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:506-521, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 52
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 8-21 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: activin A ; bone marrow stromal cells ; gene regulation ; promoter activity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Activin A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays roles in differentiation and development, including hematopoiesis. Our previous studies indicated that the expression of activin A by human bone marrow cells and monocytes is highly regulated by inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids. The present study was undertaken to investigate the regulation of activin A gene expression in the human bone marrow stromal cell lines L87/4 and HS-5, as well as in primary stromal cells. Northern blots demonstrated that, like primary stromal cells, the cell lines expressed four activin A RNA transcripts (6.4, 4.0, 2.8, and 1.6 kb), although distribution of the RNA among the four sizes varied. The locations of the 5′ ends of the RNAs were investigated by Northern blots and RNase protection assays. The results identified a transcription start site at 212 nucleotides upstream of the translation start codon. In addition, luciferase expression assays of a series of deletion constructs were used to identify regulatory sequences upstream of the activin A gene. A 58 bp upstream sequence exhibits promoter activity. However, severalfold higher expression requires a positive element consisting of an additional 71 bp of the upstream region. Promoter activity was also identified between 2.5 and 3.6 kb upstream of the start codon. These findings suggest that expression of activin A at the transcriptional level follows complex patterns of regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:8-21, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 53
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: small GTPase ; membrane traffic ; vesicles ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Eukaryotic cells achieve complexity by compartmentalizing a subset of cellular functions into membrane-bound organelles. Maintaining this high level of cellular organization requires precise regulation of traffic between membranes. This task is accomplished, in part, by rab proteins. How these small GTPases regulate membrane traffic between cellular compartments is not clear. Here we report the characterization of a novel rab GTPase from the soil amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum. The predicted coding sequence of the new rab gene, Dictyostelium rab11b, encodes a protein of 25 kD containing all the structural hallmarks of a rab GTPase. Comparison of the sequence with the GenBank database and cladistic analysis demonstrated Dictyostelium rab11b to be a divergent member of the rab11 branch of rab proteins. Southern analysis revealed the presence of related genes in Dictyostelium. RNAse protection assays showed the Dictyostelium rab11b gene to be expressed at uniform levels throughout growth and development. Gene deletion experiments revealed that Dictyostelium rab11b was not essential for growth or development. Conceivably, the function of rab11b may be redundant with that of related genes in this organism. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:29-37, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, inc.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: coronary artery ; NO/EDRF ; adenosine ; prostacyclin ; phospholamban ; myosin light chain ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The intracellular mechanisms underlying the action of the endogenous vasodilators such as NO/EDRF, adenosine, and prostacyclin acting through cGMP and cAMP, respectively, are not well understood. One important action of cyclic nucleotides in smooth muscle relaxation is to lower the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by enhanced sequestration into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the potential role of phosphorylation of phospholamban, the regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, for the control of coronary vascular tone by NO/EDRF, adenosine, and prostacyclin. Phospholamban was identified in pig coronary artery preparations by immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and in vitro phosphorylation. Segments of pig coronary artery, with either intact or denuded endothelium, were precontracted with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). In endothelium-denuded preparations 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), 5′-N-ethylcarboxiamidoadenosine (NECA), and iloprost (ILO) caused both relaxation and phospholamban phosphorylation with the potency: SIN-1 〉 NECA 〉 ILO. The regulatory myosin light chain was significantly dephosphorylated only by SIN-1. In endothelium-intact pig coronary artery, L-NAME caused additional vasoconstriction and a decrease in phospholamban phosphorylation, while phosphorylation of myosin light chain remained unchanged. An inverse relationship between phospholamban phosphorylation and vessel tone was obtained. Our findings demonstrate significant phospholamban phosphorylation during coronary artery relaxation evoked by NO, prostacyclin, and adenosine receptor activation. Because of the close correlation between phosphorylation of phospholamban and vessel relaxation, we propose that phospholamban phosphorylation is an important mechanism by which endogenous vasodilators, especially endothelial NO/EDRF, control coronary vascular smooth muscle tone. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:49-59, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 55
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 70-83 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: TGF-β1 ; apoptosis ; growth inhibition ; retina ; endothelial cells ; pericytes ; angiogenesis ; p21waf1/cip1 ; p53 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates a variety of cellular functions. In several types of cells, for example, it acts as a growth inhibitor and an inducer of apoptotic cell death. Although one of the important modulators in retinal vascular development and retinal neovascularization, the effects of TGF-β1 on retinal microvascular cells are not fully defined. We have found that proliferation of both bovine retinal endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes was inhibited by TGF-β1 in a concentration-dependent manner. However, only retinal EC lost viability after exposure to increasing concentrations of TGF-β1 (up to 10 μg/ml) in the presence of 2% fetal bovine serum. Dying EC exhibited the morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis. Fragmented nuclei and chromatin condensation were apparent after staining with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33258 and the reagent ApopTag; moreover, gel electrophoresis of DNA from TGF-β1-treated EC demonstrated degradation of chromatin into the discrete fragments typically associated with apoptosis. The addition of anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody abolished the apoptotic cell death induced by TGF-β1. Because not all the EC in a given culture died after exposure to TGF-β1, we separated the apoptosis-sensitive cells from those resistant to TGF-β1-mediated apoptosis and determined the expression of several proteins associated with this apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis of EC mediated by TGF-β1 was associated with a decreased level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1/cip1, compared with that observed in the apoptosis-resistant cells. In contrast, the translation product of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 was increased in the TGF-β1-treated apoptotic cells. Thus, we propose that p21waf1/cip1 and p53 function in distinct pathways that are protective or permissive, respectively, for the apoptotic signals mediated by TGF-β1. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:70-83, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: steroid hormone receptor ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; nuclear retention ; DNA-binding ; transcriptional activation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) possesses a unique array of five basic amino acids positioned between the two DNA-binding zinc fingers that is similar to well-characterized nuclear localization sequences in other proteins. When residues within this region are mutated to nonbasic amino acids, or when this domain is deleted, the receptor is still well expressed, but it no longer associates with the vitamin D-responsive element in DNA, in vitro, and hVDR-mediated transcriptional activation is abolished in transfected cells. Concomitantly, the mutated hVDRs exhibit a significant shift in hVDR cellular distribution favoring cytoplasmic over nuclear retention as assessed by subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting. Independent immunocytochemical studies employing a VDR-specific monoclonal antibody demonstrate that mutation or deletion of this basic domain dramatically attenuates hVDR nuclear localization in transfected COS-7 cells. Although wild-type hVDR is partitioned predominantly to the nucleus in the absence of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) hormone, treatment with ligand further enhances nuclear translocation, as it does to some degree in receptors with the basic region altered. The role of 1,25(OH)2D3may be to facilitate hVDR heterodimerization with retinoid X receptors, stimulating subsequent DNA binding and ultimately enhancing nuclear retention. Taken together, these data reveal that the region of hVDR between Arg-49 and Lys-55 contains a novel constitutive nuclear localization signal, RRSMKRK. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:94-109, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: giant cell tumor of bone ; MCP-1 ; TGF-β ; CD68+ ; chemotaxis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is one of a few neoplasms in which the macrophage/osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclast-like giant cells infiltrate the tumor mass. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemotactic factor specific for monocytes. In search of relevant cytokines that may enhance the recruitment of these reactive cells, we evaluated the localization and regulation of MCP-1 mRNA and protein in GCT by using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We also determined whether conditioned medium obtained from GCT cultures can recruit human peripheral blood monocytes (CD68+) in an in vitro chemotactic assay. Using Northern blot analysis, we detected the specific gene transcript for MCP-1 in all GCT samples tested. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that both MCP-1 gene transcript and protein were consistently present in the cytoplasm of stromal-like tumor cells of GCT. Treatment of mononuclear cells from GCT at third passage with TGF-β1 for 24 h increased the level of MCP-1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum effect at 1 ng/ml. Conditioned media from GCT cultures promoted the chemotactic migration of CD68+ peripheral monocytes, an activity which was abolished by the addition of MCP-1 antibody to the conditioned medium. Thus, the results of this study suggest that recruitment of CD68+ macrophage-like cells may be due to the production MCP-1 by stromal-like tumor cells. These CD68+ cells may originate from peripheral blood and could have the capability of further differentiating into osteoclasts in the tumor. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:121-129, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: signal transduction ; chromatin structure ; cytology ; histones ; metastasis ; Ras ; MAPKK ; NIH3T3 cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An altered nuclear morphology has been previously noted in association with Ras activation, but little is known about the structural basis, functional significance, signaling pathway, or reproducibility of any such change. We first tested the reproducibility of Ras-associated nuclear change in a series of rodent fibroblast cell lines. After independently developing criteria for recognizing Ras-associated nuclear change in a Papanicolaou stained test cell line with an inducible H(T24)-Ras oncogene, two cytopathologists blindly and independently assessed 17 other cell lines. If the cell lines showed Ras-associated nuclear change, a rank order of increasing nuclear change was independently scored. Ras-associated nuclear changes were identified in v-Fes, v-Src, v-Mos, v-Raf, and five of five H(T24)-Ras transfectants consisting of a change from a flattened, occasionally undulating nuclear shape to a more rigid spherical shape and a change from a finely textured to a coarse heterochromatic appearance. Absent or minimal changes were scored in six control cell lines. The two cytopathologists' independent morphologic rank orders were similar (P〈 .0002). The mitogen signaling pathway per se does not appear to transduce the change since no morphologic alterations were identified in cell lines with activations of downstream components of this pathway - MAPKK or c-Myc - and the rank orders did not correlate with markers of mitotic rate (P 〉 .11). The rank order correlated closely with metastatic potential (P 〈 .0014 and P 〈 .0003) but not with histone H1 composition or global nuclease sensitivity. Based on published studies of five of the cell lines, there may be a correlation between increases in certain nuclear matrix proteins and the Ras-associated nuclear change. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:130-140, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 59
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 159-171 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nucleus ; nuclear domain ; genome ; nucleolus ; coiled body ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: It is becoming clear that the cell nucleus is not only organized in domains but that these domains are also organized relative to each other and to the genome. Specific nuclear domains, enriched in different proteins and RNAs, are often found next to each other and next to specific gene loci. Several lines of investigation suggest that nuclear domains are involved in facilitating or regulating gene expression. The emerging view is that the spatial relationship between different domains and genes on different chromosomes, as found in the nucleolus, is a common organizational principle in the nucleus, to allow an efficient and controlled synthesis and processing of a range of gene transcripts. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:159-171. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 60
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: coiled bodies (CBs) ; gems ; p80 coilin ; RNPs ; RNA processing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Coiled bodies (CBs) are nuclear organelles whose morphology and composition have been conserved from plants to animals. They are highly enriched in components of three different RNA processing pathways. Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) involved in pre-mRNA splicing, rRNA processing, and histone mRNA 3′ end maturation all take up residence in CBs. However, CB function(s) remain obscure. This review will focus on recent developments in several aspects of CB structure and function, including exciting new results on their twin organelles, called gems. In particular, the reader will be introduced to a novel hypothesis called the “salmon theory of snRNP biogenesis.” Questions arising from and experiments necessary to test this hypothesis will be discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:181-192, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: monomeric laminin receptor ; receptor maturation ; acylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Even though the involvement of the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) in tumor invasiveness has been clearly demonstrated, its molecular structure remains an open problem, since only a full-length gene encoding a 37-kDa precursor protein (37LRP) has been isolated so far. A pool of recently obtained monoclonal antibodies directed against the recombinant 37LRP molecule was used to investigate the processing that leads to the formation of the 67-kDa molecule. In soluble extracts of A431 human carcinoma cells, these reagents recognize the precursor molecule as well as the mature 67LR and a 120-kDa molecule. The recovery of these proteins was found to be strikingly dependent upon the cell solubilization conditions: the 67LR is soluble in NP-40-lysis buffer whereas the 37LRP is NP-40-insoluble. Inhibition of 67LR formation by cerulenin indicates that acylation is involved in the processing of the receptor. It is likely a palmitoylation process, as indicated by sensitivity of NP-40-soluble extracts to hydroxylamine treatment. Immunoblotting assays performed with a polyclonal serum directed against galectin3 showed that both the 67- and the 120-kDa proteins carry galectin3 epitopes whereas the 37LRP does not. These data suggest that the 67LR is a heterodimer stabilized by strong intramolecular hydrophobic interactions, carried by fatty acids bound to the 37LRP and to a galectin3 cross-reacting molecule. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:244-251, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 62
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 260-270 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: oncogenic function of mutant p53 ; MAR-DNA elements ; MAR-DNA binding by mutant p53 ; MethA p53 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We recently reported that murine MethA mutant but not wild-type p53 specifically binds to MAR-DNA elements (MARs) with high affinity. Here we show that this DNA binding activity is exerted not only by MethA mutant p53 but also by other murine mutant p53 proteins isolated from the transformed murine BALB/c cell lines 3T3tx and T3T3 and differing in their conformational status. High affinity MAR-DNA binding was not restricted to the XbaI-IgE-MAR-DNA fragment from the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer locus [Cockerill et al. (1987): J Biol Chem 262:5394-5397] used in previous studies, as MethA p53 also specifically interacted with other A/T-rich bona fide MARs. Not only murine but also human mutant p53 proteins carrying the mutational hot spot amino acid exchanges 175Arg→His, 273Arg→Pro, or 273Arg→His bound to the XbaI-IgE-MAR-DNA fragment. We therefore conclude that high affinity MAR-DNA binding is a property common to a variety of mutant p53 proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:260-270, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 63
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 291-303 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nuclear matrix ; TGF-β1 ; bone ; osteoblast differentiation ; mineralization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclear matrix protein (NMP) composition of osteoblasts shows distinct two-dimensional gel electrophoretic profiles of labeled proteins as a function of stages of cellular differentiation. Because NMPs are involved in the control of gene expression, we examined modifications in the representation of NMPs induced by TGF-β1 treatment of osteoblasts to gain insight into the effects of TGF-β on development of the osteoblast phenotype. Exposure of proliferating fetal rat calvarial derived primary cells in culture to TGF-β1 for 48 h (day 4-6) modifies osteoblast cell morphology and proliferation and blocks subsequent formation of mineralized nodules. Nuclear matrix protein profiles were very similar between control and TGF-β-treated cultures until day 14, but subsequently differences in nuclear matrix proteins were apparent in TGF-β-treated cultures. These findings support the concept that TGF-β1 modifies the final stage of osteoblast mineralization and alters the composition of the osteoblast nuclear matrix as reflected by selective and TGF-β-dependent modifications in the levels of specific nuclear matrix proteins. The specific changes induced by TGF-β in nuclear matrix associated proteins may reflect specialized mechanisms by which TGF-β signalling mediates the alterations in cell organization and nodule formation and/or the consequential block in extracellular mineralization. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:291-303, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: VAT-1 ; Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica ; ATPase ; Mus musculus ; gene structure ; Ehrlich ascites tumor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently, interest has focused on the human gene encoding the putative protein homologous to VAT-1, the major protein of the synaptic vesicles of the electric organ of the Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica, after it has been localized on chromosome locus 17q21 in a region encompassing the breast cancer gene BRCA1. Chromosomal instability in this region is implicated in inherited predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer. Here we describe isolation and biochemical characterization of a mammalian 48 kDa protein homologous to the VAT-1 protein of Torpedo californica. This VAT-1 homolog was isolated from a murine breast cancer cell line (Ehrlich ascites tumor) and identified by sequencing of cleavage peptides. The isolated VAT-1 homolog protein displays an ATPase activity and exists in two isoforms with isoelectric points of 5.7 and 5.8. cDNA was prepared from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and the murine VAT-1 homolog sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and partially sequenced. The known part of the murine and the human translated sequences share 97% identity. By Northern blots, the size of the VAT-1 homolog mRNA in both murine and human (T47D) breast cancer cells was determined to be 2.8 kb. Based on the presented data, a modified gene structure of the human VAT-1 homolog with an extended exon 1 is proposed. VAT-1 and the mammalian VAT-1 homolog form a subgroup within the protein superfamily of medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:304-315, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: architectural transcription factor ; nuclear matrix ; osteoblast ; parathyroid hormone ; type I collagen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In connective tissue, cell structure contributes to type I collagen expression. Differences in osteoblast microarchitecture may account for the two distinct cis elements regulating basal expression, in vivo and in vitro, of the rat type I collagen α1(I) polypeptide chain (COL1A1). The COL1A1 promoter conformation may be the penultimate culmination of osteoblast structure. Architectural transcription factors bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA and bend it, altering interactions between other trans-acting proteins. Similarly, nuclear matrix (NM) proteins bind to the minor groove of AT-rich matrix-attachment regions, regulating transcription by altering DNA structure. We propose that osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors link cell structure to promoter geometry and COL1A1 transcription. Our objective was to identify potential osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors near the in vitro and in vivo regulatory regions of the rat COL1A1 promoter. Nuclear protein-promoter interactions were analyzed by gel shift analysis and related techniques. NM extracts were derived from rat osteosarcoma cells and from rat bone. The NM protein, NMP4, and a soluble nuclear protein, NP, both bound to two homologous poly(dT) elements within the COL1A1 in vitro regulatory region and proximal to the in vivo regulatory element. These proteins bound within the minor groove and bent the DNA. Parathyroid hormone increased NP/NMP4 binding to both poly(dT) elements and decreased COL1A1 mRNA in the osteosarcoma cells. NP/NMP4-COL1A1 promoter interactions may represent a molecular pathway by which osteoblast structure is coupled to COL1A1 expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:336-352. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human islets ; insulin release ; sulfonylurea receptors ; oral antidiabetic compounds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Current information on pancreatic islet sulfonylurea receptors has been obtained with laboratory animal pancreatic β cells or stable β-cell lines. In the present study, we evaluated the properties of sulfonylurea receptors of human islets of Langherans, prepared by collagenase digestion and density-gradient purification. The binding characterisitics of labeled glibenclamide to pancreatic islet membrane preparations were analyzed, displacement studies with several oral hypoglycemic agents were performed, and these latter compounds were tested as for their insulinotropic action on intact human islets. [3H]glibenclamide saturable binding was shown to be linear at ≤0.25 mg/ml protein; it was both temperature and time dependent. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data at 25°C indicated the presence of a single class of saturable, high-affinity binding sites with a Kd value of 1.0 ± 0.07 nM and a Bmax value of 657 ± 48 fmol/mg of proteins. The displacement experiments showed the following rank order of potency of the oral hypoglycemic agents we tested: glibenclamide = glimepiride 〉 tolbutamide 〉 chlorpropamide ≫ metformin. This binding potency order was parallel with the insulinotropic potency of the evaluated compounds. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:182-188, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 67
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 168-176 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cadherin ; catenin ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cadherins form a family of cell-cell adhesion proteins that are critical to normal embryonic development. Expression of the various family members is regulated in a complex pattern during embryogenesis. Both reduced and inappropriate expression of cadherins have been associated with abnormal tissue formation in embryos and tumorigenesis in mature organisms. Evidence is accumulating that signals unique to individual members of the cadherin family, as well as signals common to multiple cadherins, contribute to the differentiated phenotype of various cell types. While a complete understanding of the regulation of cadherin expression of the molecular nature of intracellular signaling downstream of cadherin adhesion is essential to an understanding of embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, our knowledge in both areas is inadequate. Clearly, elucidating the factors and conditions that regulate cadherin expression and defining the signaling pathways activated by cadherins are frontiers for future research. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:168-176, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 68
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    Keywords: assembly of type I collagen ; COOH-terminal propeptide ; pesin-resistant heterotrimers ; disulfide bonds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Collagen biosynthesis is a complex process that begins with the association of three procollagen chains. A series of conserved intra- and interchain disulfide bonds in the carboxyl-terminal region of the procollagen chains, or C-propeptide, has been hypothesized to play an important role in the nucleation and alignment of the chains. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the ability of normal and cysteine-mutated pro-α2(I) chains to assemble into type I collagen heterotrimers when expressed in a cell line (D2) that produces only endogenous pro-α1(I). Pro-α2(I) chains containing single or double cysteine mutations that disrupted individual intra- or interchain disulfide bonds were able to form pepsin resistant type I collagen with pro-α1(I), indicating that individual disulfide bonds were not critical for assembly of the pro-α2(I) chain with pro-α1(I). Pro-α2(I) chains containing a triple cysteine mutation that disrupted both intrachain disulfide bonds were not able to form pepsin resistant type I collagen with pro-α1(I). Therefore, disruption of both pro-α2(I) intrachain disulfide bonds prevented the production and secretion of type I collagen heterotrimers. Although none of the individual disulfide bonds is essential for assembly of the procollagen chains, the presence of at least one intrachain disulfide bond may be necessary as a structural requirement for chain association or to stabilize the protein to prevent intracellular degradation. J.Cell. Biochem. 71:233-242, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 69
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    Keywords: assembly of type I collagen ; COOH-terminal propeptide ; pepsin-resistant heterotrimers ; interspecies collagen molecule ; thermal stability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Procollagen (Type I) contains a noncollagenous COOH-terminal propeptide (C-propeptide) hypothesized to be important in directing chain association and alignment during assembly. We previously expressed human pro-α2(I) cDNA in rat liver epithelial cells, W8, that produce only pro-α1(I) trimer collagen (Lim et al. [1994] MatrixBiol. 14: 21-30). In the resulting cell lines, α2(I) assembled with α1(I) forming heterotrimers. Using this cell system, we investigated the importance of the COOH-terminal propeptide sequence of the pro-α2(I) chain for normal assembly of type I collagen. Full-length human pro-α2(I) cDNA was cloned into expression vectors with a premature stop signal eliminating the final 10 amino acids. No triple-helical molecules containing α2(I) were detected in transfected W8 cells, although pro-α2(I) mRNA was detected. Additional protein analysis demonstrated that these cells synthesize small amounts of truncated pro-α2(I) chains detected by immunoprecipitation with a pro-α2(I) antibody. In addition, since the human-rat collagen was less thermostable than normal intraspecies collagen, wild-type and C-terminal truncated mouse cDNAs were expressed in mouse D2 cells, which produced only type I trimers. Results from both systems were consistent, suggesting that the last 10 amino acid residues of the pro-α2(I) chain are important for formation of stable type I collagen. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:216-232, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 70
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    Keywords: glucose transporters ; sperm ; dehydroascorbic acid ; fructose ; 2-deoxy-D-glucose ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We analyzed the expression of hexose transporters in human testis and in human, rat, and bull spermatozoa and studied the uptake of hexoses and vitamin C in bull spermatozoa. Immunocytochemical and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that adult human testis expressed the hexose transporters GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT5. Immunoblotting experiments demonstrated the presence of proteins of about 50-70 kD reactive with anti-GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT5 in membranes prepared from human spermatozoa, but no proteins reactive with GLUT4 antibodies were detected. Immunolocalization experiments confirmed the presence of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT5, and low levels of GLUT4 in human, rat, and bull spermatozoa. Each transporter isoform showed a typical subcellular localization in the head and the sperm tail. In the tail, GLUT3 and GLUT5 were present at the level of the middle piece in the three species examined, GLUT1 was present in the principal piece, and the localization of GLUT2 differed according of the species examined. Bull spermatozoa transported deoxyglucose, fructose, and the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid. Transport of deoxyglucose and dehydroascorbic acid was inhibited by cytochalasin B, indicating the direct participation of facilitative hexose transporters in the transport of both substrates by bull spermatozoa. Transport of fructose was not affected by cytochalasin B, which is consistent for an important role for GLUT5 in the transport of fructose in these cells. The data show that human, rat, and bull spermatozoa express several hexose transporter isoforms that allow for the efficient uptake of glucose, fructose, and dehydroascorbic acid by these cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:189-203, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 71
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: secretion ; SNARE hypothesis ; priming, fusion competence ; phosphoinositides ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Maintenance of compartmental independence and diversity is part of the blueprint of the eukaryotic cell. The molecular composition of every organelle membrane is custom tailored to fulfill its unique tasks. It is retained by strict sorting and directional transport of newly synthesized cellular components by the use of specific transport vesicles. Temporally and spatially controlled membrane fission and fusion steps thus represent the basic process for delivery of both, membrane-bound and soluble components to their appropriate destination. This process is fundamental to cell growth, organelle inheritance during cell division, uptake and intracellular transport of membrane-bound and soluble molecules, and neuronal communication. The latter process has become one of the best studied examples in terms of regulatory mechanisms of membrane interactions. It has been dissected into the stages of transmitter vesicle docking, priming, and fusion: Specificity of membrane interactions depends on interactions between sets of organelle-specific membrane proteins. Priming of the secretory apparatus is an ATP-dependent process involving proteins and membrane phospholipids. Release of vesicle content is triggered by a rise in intracellular free Ca2+ levels that relieves a block previously established between the membranes poised to fuse. Neurotransmitter release is a paradigm of highly regulated intracellular membrane interaction and molecular mechanisms for this phenomenon begin to be delineated. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:103-110, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 72
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 111-122 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: TGF-β cooperative signaling ; SMADs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) represents an evolutionarily conserved family of secreted factors that mobilize a complex signaling network to control cell fate by regulating proliferation, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and apoptosis. TGF-β promotes the assembly of a cell surface receptor complex composed of type I (TβRI) and type II (TβRII) receptor serine/threonine kinases. In response to TGF-β binding, TβRII recruits and activates TβRI through phosphorylation of the regulatory GS-domain. Activated TβRI then initiates cytoplasmic signaling pathways to produce cellular responses. SMAD proteins together constitute a unique signaling pathway with key roles in signal transduction by TGF-β and related factors. Pathway-restricted SMADs are phosphorylated and activated by type I receptors in response to stimulation by ligand. Once activated, pathway-restricted SMADs oligomerize with the common-mediator Smad4 and subsequently translocate to the nucleus. Genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as TβRII and SMAD mutations in human tumors, emphasizes their importance in TGF-β signaling. Mounting evidence indicates that SMADs cooperate with ubiquitous cytoplasmic signaling cascades and nuclear factors to produce the full spectrum of TGF-β responses. Operating independently, these ubiquitous elements may influence the nature of cellular responses to TGF-β. Additionally, a variety of regulatory schemes contribute temporal and/or spatial restriction to TGF-β responses. This report reviews our current understanding of TGF-β signal transduction and considers the importance of a cooperative signaling paradigm to TGF-β-mediated biological responses. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:111-122, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 73
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 137-146 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: G proteins ; signal transduction ; protein tyrosine kinases ; PMN ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Complex cellular responses involve the integration of heterotrimeric G protein systems with protein kinase signal transduction pathways. Key in this integration is the control of small GTP-binding proteins including Ras and Rho family members. In this paper, we discuss the control of signal transduction pathways by G proteins and their integration with specific tyrosine kinases. The integration of G proteins, kinases, and small GTP-binding proteins in controlling cellular responses is illustrated through the newly defined Gα12/13-regulated pathways. Furthermore, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte provides a primary cell system for analyzing the integration of G proteins, kinases, and small GTP-binding proteins in controlling cellular functions such as superoxide production, adherence, chemotaxis, and granule secretion. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:137-146, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 74
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 158-167 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: peroxisomes ; lipid metabolism ; H2O2 metabolism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Gene targeting and the elucidation of mutations underlying inherited peroxisomal diseases have provided new insights in peroxisomal lipid metabolism in vivo. The work led to the identification of a novel peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway and established clearly that genes, which are required for efficient peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids, at the same time are key regulators of PPARα function in vivo. The new mouse models may provide helpful tools in the search for unknown natural PPARα agonists and in screening for in vivo PPARα antagonists. J. Cell Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:158-167, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 75
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 177-184 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nucleosome ; chromosomes ; DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: No abstract.
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  • 76
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: histone acetylation and phosphorylation ; coactivators ; corepressors ; transcriptional activation and repression ; histone acetyltransferase ; histone deacetylase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Histone acetylation and phosphorylation destablizes nucleosome and chromatin structure. Relaxation of the chromatin fiber facilitates transcription. Coactivator complexes with histone acetyltransferase activity are recruited by transcription factors bound to enhancers or promoters. The recruited histone acetyltransferases may acetylate histone or nonhistone chromosomal proteins, resulting in the relaxation of chromatin structure. Alternatively, repressors recruit corepressor complexes with histone deacetylase activity, leading to condensation of chromatin.This review highlights the recent advances made in our understanding of the roles of histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone kinases, and protein phosphatases in transcriptional activation and repression. Exciting reports revealing mechanistic connections between histone modifying activities and the RNA polymerase II machinery, the coupling of histone deacetylation and DNA methylation, the possible involvement of histone deacetylases in the organization of nuclear DNA, and the role of chromatin modulators in oncogenesis are discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:203-213, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 77
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 220-231 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nuclear architecture ; gene expression ; tumor cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Functional interrelationships between components of nuclear architecture and control of gene expression are becoming increasingly evident. There is growing appreciation that multiple levels of nuclear organization integrate the regulatory cues that support activation and suppression of genes as well as the processing of gene transcripts. The linear organization of genes and promoter elements provide the potential for responsiveness to physiological regulatory signals. Parameters of chromatin structure and nucleosome organization support synergism between activities at independent regulatory sequences and render promoter elements accessible or refractory to transcription factors. Association of genes, transcription factors, and the machinery for transcript processing with the nuclear matrix facilitates fidelity of gene expression within the three-dimensional context of nuclear architecture. Mechanisms must be defined that couple nuclear morphology with enzymatic parameters of gene expression. The recent characterization of factors that mediate chromatin remodeling and intranuclear targeting signals that direct transcription factors to subnuclear domains where gene expression occurs, reflect linkage of genetic and structural components of transcriptional control. Nuclear reorganization and aberrant intranuclear trafficking of transcription factors for developmental and tissue-specific control that occurs in tumor cells and in neurological disorders provides a basis for high resolution diagnostics and targeted therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:220-231, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 78
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: functional organization ; nucleus ; targeting sequence ; DNA replication ; nuclear matrix ; cell cycle ; DNA methyltransferase ; DNA ligase I ; PCNA ; DNA replication factors ; GFP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mammalian nuclei are highly organized into functional compartments. Major nuclear processes like DNA replication and RNA processing take place in distinct foci. These microscopically visible foci are formed by the assembly of, for example, DNA replication factors and associated proteins into megadalton complexes often referred to as protein machines or factories. Thus far, two proteins, DNA ligase I and DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase), have been analyzed in greater detail. In both cases, the assembly process appears to be controlled by distinct targeting sequences that were attached to the catalytic protein core in the course of evolution and mediate the association with replication factories in mammalian cells. The dynamics of these nuclear structures throughout the cell cycle are analyzed using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Further studies are needed to elucidate the architecture, regulation, and role of these subnuclear structures. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:243-249, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 284-285 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: No abstract.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: somatostatin ; receptor isotypes ; adenylyl cyclase ; Interleukin-2 (IL-2) ; proliferation ; Jurkat cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The neuropeptide somatostatin (SRIF) modulates normal and leukemia T cell proliferation. However, neither molecular isotypes of receptors nor mechanisms involved in these somatostatin actions have been elucidated as yet. Here we show by using RT-PCR approach that mitogen-activated leukemia T cells (Jurkat) express mRNA for a single somatostatin receptor, sst3. This mRNA is apparently translated into protein since specific somatostatin binding sites (KI1 = 78 ± 3 pM) were detected in semipurified plasma membrane preparations by using 125I-Tyr1-SRIF14 as a radioligand. Moreover, somatostatin inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity with similar efficiency (IC50 = 23 ± 4 pM) thus strongly suggesting a functional coupling of sst3 receptor to this transduction pathway. The involvement of sst3 receptor in immuno-modulatory actions of somatostatin was assessed by analysis of neuropeptide effects on IL-2 secretion and on proliferation of mitogen-activated Jurkat cells. Our data show that in the concentrations comprised between 10 pM and 10 nM, somatostatin potentiates IL-2 secretion. This effect is correlated with somatostatin-dependent increase of Jurkat cell proliferation since the EC50 concentrations for both actions were almost identical (EC50 = 22 ± 9 pM and EC50 = 12 ± 1 pM for IL-2 secretion and proliferation, respectively). Altogether, these data strongly suggest that in mitogen-activated Jurkat cells, somatostatin increases cell proliferation through the increase of IL-2 secretion via a functional sst3 receptor negatively coupled to the adenylyl cyclase pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:62-73, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 81
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 74-82 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cell culture ; nuclei ; nuclear degradation ; endonucleases ; polycytosine degradation ; differentiation ; cornification ; stratum corneum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Desquamin is a glycoprotein that we have isolated from the upper granular layer and the stratum corneum of human epidermis; it is not ordinarily expressed in submerged cultures, whose terminal differentiation stops short of formation of these layers. The exogenous addition of desquamin to human cultured keratinocytes extended their maturation, and hematoxylin staining indicated a loss of cell nuclei. For confirmation, cultured cells were lysed in situ, and the nuclei were incubated with desquamin for several days, then stained with hematoxylin. Damage to the nuclei was evident: the nuclear inclusions remained intact, while the surrounding basophilic nuclear matrix was degraded. Desquamin was then tested directly for nuclease activity. Ribonuclease activity was determined by incubating desquamin with human epidermal total RNA and monitoring the dose-dependent disappearance of the 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA bands in an agarose/formaldehyde gel. On RNA-containing zymogels, we confirmed the RNase activity to be specific to desquamin. Using synthetic RNA homopolymers, we found the active RNase domains to be limited to cytosine residues. On the contrary, DNA was not degraded by an analogous procedure, even after strand-separation by denaturation. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:74-82, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 82
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 100-109 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: carcinogens ; mitochondrial DNA ; nuclear DNA ; LINE ; mobile elements ; cancer ; Huntington's disease ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The nuclear DNA of normal and tumor mouse and rat tissue was examined for mitochondrial-DNA-like inserts by means of the Southern blot technique. The two probes were 32P-labeled cloned mitochondrial DNA. KpnI, which doesn't cut either mitochondrial DNA, was one of the restriction enzymes, while the enzymes that fragment mitochondrial DNA were for mouse and rat PstI and BamHI, respectively. When KpnI alone was used in the procedure a nuclear LINE family whose elements had mitochondrial-DNA-like insertions was selected. Such elements were much more abundant in tumor than in normal tissue. The results with PstI alone and BamHI alone and each combined with KpnI indicated that there were mobile LINE elements with mitochondrial-DNA-like inserts in the nuclear genome of tumor. The mouse tissues were normal liver and a transplantable lymphoid leukemic ascites cell line L1210 that had been carried for 40 years. The rat tissues were normal liver and a hepatoma freshly induced by diethylnitrosoamine in order to minimize the role of 40 years of transplantation. Our unitary hypothesis for carcinogenesis of 1971, which suggested these experiments, has been augmented to include mobile nuclear elements with inserts of mitochondrial-DNA-like sequences. Such elements have been related to diseases of genetic predisposition such as breast cancer and Huntington's disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:100-109, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 83
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: heme oxygenase ; stress protein ; overexpression ; oxidative injury ; endothelial cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Heme oxygenase (HO-1) is a stress protein that has been suggested to participate in defense mechanisms against agents that induce oxidative injury such as hemoglobin/heme, hypoxia-ischemia and cytokines. Overexpression of HO-1 in endothelial cells (EC) might, therefore, protect against oxidative stress produced under these pathological conditions, by generation of CO, a vasodilator, and bilirubin, which has antioxidant properties that enhance blood vessel formation to counteract hypoxia-induced injury. A plasmid containing the cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV) neomycin human HO-1 gene complexed to cationic liposomes, lipofectin, was used to transfect rabbit coronary microvessel EC. Cells transfected with human HO-1 gene demonstrated a twofold increase in HO activity and maintained a similar phenotype as in the nontransfected cells. Cell number in transfected cells with human HO-1 gene increased by about 45%, as compared to nontransfected or those transfected with control pCMV. Transfected and nontransfected EC revealed a similar response to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in capillary formation. However, transfected cells with the human HO-1 gene exhibited a twofold increase in blood vessel formation. The angiogenic response of EC to overexpression of HO-1 gene provides direct evidence that the inductive form of HO-1 following injury represents an important tissue adaptive mechanism for moderating the severity of cell damage produced in inflammatory reaction sites of hemorrhage, thrombosis and hypoxic-ischemia. Thus, HO-1 may participate in the regulation of EC activation, proliferation and angiogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:121-127, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tyrosine phosphorylation ; insulin signaling ; tyrosine kinase ; confocal microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The recently identified 53-kDa substrate of the insulin receptor family was further characterized in several retroviral-generated stable cell lines overexpressing the wild type and various mutant forms of the protein. To facilitate the study of its subcellular localization in NIH3T3 cells overexpressing insulin receptor, a myc epitope-tag was added to the carboxy terminus of the 53-kDa protein. Like the endogenous protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the expressed myc-tagged 53-kDa protein was found partially in the particulate fraction and was tyrosine phosphorylated in insulin-stimulated cells. Immunofluorescence studies showed for the first time that a fraction of the 53-kDa protein was localized to the plasma membrane. Confocal microscopy of cells double-labeled with antibodies to the insulin receptor and the myc epitope showed the two proteins co-localize at the plasma membrane at the level of light microscopy. Further analyses of the protein sequence of the 53-kDa substrate revealed the presence of a putative SH3 domain and two proline-rich regions, putative binding sites for SH3 and WW domains. Disruption of these three motifs by the introduction of previously characterized point mutations did not affect the membrane localization of the 53-kDa protein, its ability to serve as substrate of the insulin receptor, or its colocalization with the insulin receptor, suggesting these domains are not important in the subcellular targeting of the protein and instead may function in the interaction with subsequent signaling proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:139-150, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 85
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 151-163 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Type I procollagen ; proto-oncogenes ; steroid ; calcitriol ; osteoblast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the synthesis of type I collagen, the major extracellular matrix component of skin and bone, are associated with normal growth, tissue repair processes, and several pathological conditions. Expression of the COL 1A1 gene is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. However, the hormonal regulation of type I collagen synthesis in human bone has not been well characterized. We have studied the influence of calcitriol, dexamethasone, retinoic acid, and estradiol on the COL 1A1 gene expression by determining the secretion of the C-terminal propeptide (PICP) and the levels of α1(I) procollagen mRNA in cultured human MG-63 and SaOs-2 osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Similar experiments were also performed with respect to expression of the nuclear proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun, in MG-63 cells.In MG-63 cells, calcitriol stimulated the synthesis and secretion of PICP. The α1(I) procollagen mRNA level was elevated with no effect on message stability, indicating a transcriptional mechanism of regulation. In contrast, dexamethasone treatment was accompanied by an accelerated rate of α1(I) procollagen mRNA turnover, observed as decreased amounts of the message and the secreted PICP, implying a posttranscriptional regulation. Retinoic acid, in turn, decreased the levels of α1(I) procollagen mRNA and secreted PICP by slowing down transcription of the COL1A1 gene without any effect on message stability. The ability of these hormones to regulate the α1(I) transcripts was sensitive to puromycin treatment, suggesting an involvement of an induced mediator protein in the action of the hormones on the COL1A1 gene. Both dexamethasone and calcitriol rapidly but transiently increased the expression of the c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes. Neither proto-oncogene responded to retinoic acid treatment with significant changes in mRNA levels. Estradiol treatment was found to have no influence on type I procollagen synthesis.In SaOs-2 cells, which are not as well differentiated as the MG-63 cells, calcitriol and dexamethasone did not influence type I procollagen synthesis. Retinoic acid as well as estradiol reduced collagen gene expression in these cells.These findings suggest that hormonal effects on type I procollagen synthesis may depend on the maturational state of the osteoblastic cells that express different regulatory factors and receptors, resulting in, in each case, a finely adjusted rate of gene expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:151-163, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteoprogenitors ; marrow-stroma ; alkaline phosphatase ; bisphosphonates ; cell proliferation ; mineralization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are inhibitors of bone resorption and soft tissue calcification. The biological effects of the BPs in calcium-related disorders are attributed mainly to their incorporation in bone, enabling direct interaction with osteoclasts and/or osteoblasts through a variety of biochemical pathways. Structural differences account for the considerable differences in the pharmacological activity of BPs. We compared the effects of two structurally different compounds, alendronate and 2-(3′-dimethylaminopyrazinio)ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid betaine (VS-6), in an osteoprogenitor differentiation system. The BPs were examined in a bone marrow stromal-cell culture system, which normally results in osteoprogenitor differentiation. The drugs were present in the cultures from days 2 to 11 of osteogenic stimulation, a period estimated as being comparable to the end of proliferation and the matrix-maturation stages. We found that the two different BPs have opposing effects on specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, on stromal-cell proliferation, and on cell-mediated mineralization. These BPs differentially interact with cell-associated phosphohydrolysis, particularly at a concentration of 10-2 of ALP Km, in which alendronate inhibits whereas VS-6 did not inhibit phosphatase activity. VS-6 treatment resulted in similar and significantly increased mineralization at 10 and 1 μM drug concentrations, respectively. In contrast, mineralization was similar to control, and significantly decreased at 10 and 1 μM drug concentrations, respectively, under alendronate treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:186-194, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 87
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 200-212 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: polyamines ; chromatin structure ; micrococcal nuclease ; cell cycle ; apoptosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Several studies suggest that polyamines may stabilize chromatin and play a role in its structural alterations. In line with this idea, we found here by chromatin precipitation and micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion analyses, that spermidine and spermine stabilize or condense the nucleosomal organization of chromatin in vitro. We then investigated the possible physiological role of polyamines in the nucleosomal organization of chromatin during the cell cycle in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells deficient in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. An extended polyamine deprivation (for 4 days) was found to arrest 70% of the odc- cells in S phase. MNase digestion analyses revealed that these cells have a highly loosened and destabilized nucleosomal organization. However, no marked difference in the chromatin structure was detected between the control and polyamine-depleted cells following the synchronization of the cells at the S-phase. We also show in synchronized cells that polyamine deprivation retards the traverse of the cells through the S phase already in the first cell cycle. Depletion of polyamines had no significant effect on the nucleosomal organization of chromatin in G1-early S. The polyamine-deprived cells were also capable of condensing the nucleosomal organization of chromatin in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. These data indicate that polyamines do not regulate the chromatin condensation state during the cell cycle, although they might have some stabilizing effect on the chromatin structure. Polyamines may, however, play an important role in the control of S-phase progression. J. Cell Biochem. 68:200-212, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 88
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 213-225 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: glutamine ; glutamate ; mitochondria ; metabolism ; HeLa cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The oxidative metabolism of glutamine in HeLa cells was investigated using intact cells and isolated mitochondria. The concentrations of the cytoplasmic amino acids were found to be aspartate, 8.0 mM; glutamate, 22.2 mM; glutamine, 11.3 mM; glycine, 9.8 mM; taurine, 2.3 mM; and alanine, 〈1 mM. Incubation of the cells with [14C]glutamine gave steady-state recoveries of 14C-label (estimated as exogenous glutamine) in the glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate pools, of 103%, 80%, and 25%, respectively, indicating that glutamine synthetase activity was absent and that a significant proportion of glutamate oxidation proceeded through aspartate aminotransferase. No label was detected in the alanine pool, suggesting that alanine aminotransferase activity was low in these cells. The clearance rate of [14C]glutamine through the cellular compartment was 65 nmol/min per mg protein. There was a 28 s delay after [14C]glutamine was added to the cell before 14C-label was incorporated into the cytoplasm, while the formation of glutamate commenced 10 s later.Aspartate was the major metabolite formed when the mitochondria were incubated in a medium containing either glutamine, glutamate, or glutamate plus malate. The transaminase inhibitor AOA inhibited both aspartate efflux from the mitochondria and respiration. The addition of 2-oxoglutarate failed to relieve glutamate plus malate respiration, indicating that 2-oxoglutarate is part of a well-coupled truncated cycle, of which aspartate aminotransferase has been shown to be a component [Parlo and Coleman (1984): J Biol Chem 259:9997-10003]. This was confirmed by the observation that, although it inhibited respiration, AOA did not affect the efflux of citrate from the mitochondria. Thus citrate does not appear to be a cycle component and is directly transported to the medium. Therefore, it was concluded that the truncated TCA cycle in HeLa cells is the result of both a low rate of citrate synthesis and an active citrate transporter. DNP (10 μM) induced a state III-like respiration only in the presence of succinate, which supports the evidence that NAD-linked dehydrogenases were not coupled to respiration, and suggests that these mitochondria may have a defect in complex I of the electron transport chain. Arising from the present results with HeLa cells and results extant in the literature, it has been proposed that a major regulating mechanism for the flux of glutamate carbon in tumour cells is the competitive inhibition exerted by 2-oxoglutarate on aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. This has been discussed and applied to the data. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:213-225, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 89
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: SMCs ; bFGF ; collagen fibril structure ; mRNA ; atherosclerotic lesion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the major cellular constituent of an artery, synthesize the bulk of fibrillar collagens, including type V/XI, which regulates heterotypic collagen fibril assembly. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a heparin-binding polypeptide growth factor that has been implicated in important events during the development of atherosclerosis, such as early intimal SMC proliferation. Here we have investigated the effects of bFGF on aortic SMC expression of type V/XI collagen. Treatment of exponentially growing or serum-deprived subconfluent cultures of bovine aortic SMCs with bFGF decreased the steady-state levels of the mRNAs for collagen type V/XI, including α1(V), α2(V), and α1(XI). The effect of bFGF was time dependent with a two- and a fourfold decrease in α2(V) mRNA observed after treatment for 24 and 48 h, respectively. This decrease resulted from a drop in the rate of α2(V) gene transcription; no change was observed in the stability of the α2(V) mRNA. Furthermore, accumulation of collagen protein decreased upon bFGF treatment. As expected, treatment with bFGF increased the rate of proliferation of serum-deprived SMCs, as judged by DNA content in the cultures, thymidine incorporation, and steady-state mRNA levels of the S-phase-expressed histone H3.2. These results suggest that bFGF plays an important role in the regulation of collagen fibril structure, with potential implications for the development and organization of an atherosclerotic lesion. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:247-258, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 90
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 281-285 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: QM ; large P-antigen ; 60S ribosomal subunit ; colocalization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: QM is a human cDNA originally isolated as a transcript elevated in a nontumorigenic Wilms' tumor microcell hybrid, relative to the tumorigenic parental cell line. The QM gene encodes a 24 kDa basic protein that peripherally associates with the ribosomes. Recently, the gene for this protein has also been shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeto encode an essential 60S ribosomal subunit protein that is required for the joining of the 40S and 60S subunits. Since the association of QM with ribosomes can be disrupted with 1M NaCl, which has no effect on the association of core ribosomal proteins, indirect immunofluorescent cell staining was performed to colocalize the QM protein with the human large P-antigen, a core ribosomal protein of the 60S subunit, and to determine whether the assembly of the QM protein onto the 60S ribosomal subunit occurs in the nucleolus or in the cytoplasm. Our results reveal that QM co-localizes with the large P-antigen only to the cytoplasm where the rough endoplasmic reticulum is found and not to the nucleolus where ribosome assembly occurs. This finding suggests that the QM protein is most likely involved in a late step of the 60S subunit assembly and is added to the 60S ribosomal subunit in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleolus. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:281-285, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 91
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 287-297 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: aorta ; mineralization ; calcification ; hydroxyapatite ; inhibitors ; arteriosclerosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mineralization of aorta is known to occur late in life and appears to be a pathological phenomenon. In vitro studies revealed that the matrix prepared from the thoracic aorta pieces after their extraction with 3% Na2HPO4 and 0.1 mM CaCl2 were mineralized under physiological conditions of temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the media to form matrix-bound mineral phase resembling hydroxyapatite in nature. However, the matrix identically prepared from the unextracted rabbits aortae failed to mineralize under identical assay conditions. The addition of the aorta extract in the assay system inhibited the above mineralization process. Standard biochemical techniques, e.g., dialysis, ion exchange, and molecular sieve chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography were employed to isolate, purify, and characterize the potent inhibitory biomolecules from the aorta extract. The inhibitory activity of the aorta extract was found to be primarily due to the presence of three biomolecules having molecular weights of 66, 45, and 27-29 kDa. The above inhibitory biomolecules loosely associated with aorta may be involved in the control of calcification associated with arteriosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:287-297, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mechanical loading ; gene expression ; osteopontin ; myeloperoxidase ; rats ; differential display ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The skeleton has the ability to alter its mass, geometry, and strength in response to mechanical stress. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to analyze gene expression in endocortical bone of mature female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 8 months old, received either a sham or bending load using a four-point loading apparatus on the right tibia. RNA was collected at 1 h and 24 h after load was applied, reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and used in DDRT-PCR. Parallel display of samples from sham and loaded bones on a sequencing gel showed several regulated bands. Further analysis of seven of these bands allowed us to isolate two genes that are regulated in response to a loading stimulus. Nucleotide analysis showed that one of the differentially expressed bands shares 99% sequence identity with rat osteopontin (OPN), a noncollagenous bone matrix protein. Northern blot analysis confirms that OPN mRNA expression is increased by nearly 4-fold, at 6 h and 24 h after loading. The second band shares 90% homology with mouse myeloperoxidase (MPO), a bactericidal enzyme found primarily in neutrophils and monocytes. Semiquantitative PCR confirms that MPO expression is decreased 4- to 10-fold, at 1 h and 24 h after loading. Tissue distribution analysis confirmed MPO expression in bone but not in other tissues examined. In vitro analysis showed that MPO expression was not detectable in total RNA from UMR 106 osteoblastic cells or in confluent primary cultures of osteoblasts derived from either rat primary spongiosa or diaphyseal marrow. Database analysis suggests that MPO is expressed by osteocytes. These findings reinforce the association of OPN expression to bone turnover and describes for the first time, decreased expression of MPO during load-induced bone formation. These results suggest a role for both OPN and MPO expression in bone cell function. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:355-365, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 93
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 378-388 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: apoptosis ; growth suppression ; retinoic acid receptors ; ovarian cancer ; AHPN ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used conformationally restricted retinoids to investigate the role of individual RAR subtypes and RXR in mediating the growth response of ovarian tumor cells to retinoids. Our results show that treatment of all-trans-RA-sensitive CAOV-3 cells with retinoids that bind and activate a single RAR or RXR led to a partial inhibition of growth. Treatment of all-trans-RA- resistant SKOV-3 cells did not alter growth. Maximum inhibition of growth, comparable to that observed following treatment with natural retinoids such as all-trans-RA and 9-cis-RA, was obtained only following treatment with a combination of an RAR-selective compound and an RXR-selective one. These results suggest that activation of both RAR and RXR classes is required in order to obtain maximum inhibition of ovarian tumor cell growth by retinoids. In addition, one compound, AHPN, was found to inhibit both RA-sensitive CAOV-3 and RA-resistant SKOV-3 cells. Further study of the effects of this retinoid showed that AHPN acts through an apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that retinoids may serve as effective anti-proliferative agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:378-388, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 94
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 436-445 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mouse ; PDI family proteins ; retinoic acid ; dibutyryl cAMP ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the expression of protein disulfide isomerase family proteins (PDI, ERp61, and ERp72) in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells during differentiation induced by treatment with retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP. Each member of this family was expressed at a constitutive level in undifferentiated F9 cells. During differentiation of F9 cells to parietal or visceral endodermal cells the protein level of all these enzymes increased, although the extent of this increase in both protein and mRNA levels varied among the enzymes. Certain proteins were found to be co-immunoprecipitated with PDI, ERp61, and ERp72 in the presence of a chemical crosslinker. Type IV collagen was significantly coprecipitated with PDI whereas laminin was equally coprecipitated with the three proteins. Furthermore, 210 kDa protein characteristically coprecipitated with ERp72. Thus, the induction of PDI family proteins during the differentiation of F9 cells and their association with different proteins may implicate specific functions of each member of this family despite the common redox activity capable of catalyzing the disulfide bond formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:436-445, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 95
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 427-435 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: α2-macroglobulin ; albumin ; placenta ; zinc ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the binding and internalization of α2-macroglobulin and serum albumin by human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells in vitro. The time course (obtained at 4°C) of α2-macroglobulin binding indicated that an equilibrium was reached after 4 h. The binding of 125I-labelled α2-macroglobulin to syncytiotrophoblast cells was competitively reduced in the presence of excess unlabelled α2-macroglobulin. When the concentration-dependence of binding was examined over a wide concentration range, non-linear regression analysis yielded a Kd of 6.4 nM. In the case of albumin, binding was weak and ligand dissociated from the cell surface during aqueous washing making it impractical to analyze the binding reaction. In other experiments, syncytiotrophoblast cells were incubated with 125I-labelled α2-macroglobulin at 37°C. Under these conditions, trypsin-resistant cell-associated radioactivity increased with time consistent with ligand internalization. 125I-Labelled-ligand was internalized with a t1/2 of about 5 min. After a lag period some radioactivity was released back into the incubation medium. When measured at times up to 210 min, this was found to consist of mostly TCA-precipitable material that had been lost from the cell surface. However, when the incubation was extended to 24 h, almost 15% of the initial cell-associated radioactivity was released to the extracellular medium as TCA-soluble material, consistent with a slow rate of ligand degradation. The specific binding of 65Zn-labelled α2M was similar to that of the 125I-labelled ligand and trypsin-resistance measurements provided evidence of α2M-mediated 65Zn uptake. These results support a role for syncytiotrophoblast in the metabolism of α2-macroglobulin during pregnancy and are also consistent with a role for α2-macroglobulin in the maternal-fetal transport of zinc. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:427-435, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: small heat shock proteins ; TNFα ; phosphorylation mutant ; SB203580 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of murine Hsp25 phosphorylation in the protection mediated by this protein against TNFα- or H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity was investigated in L929 cell lines expressing wild type (wt-) or nonphosphorylatable (mt-) Hsp25. We show that mt-Hsp25, in which the phosphorylation sites, serines 15 and 86, were replaced by alanines, is still efficient in decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and in raising glutathione cellular content, leading the protective activity of mt-Hsp25 against oxidative stress to be identical to that of wt-Hsp25. To independently investigate the role of Hsp25 phosphorylation, we blocked TNFα-induced phosphorylation of wt-Hsp25 using SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the P38 MAP kinase. This treatment did not abolish the protective activity of Hsp25 against TNFα. The pattern of Hsp25 oligomerization was also analyzed, showing mt-Hsp25 to constitutively display large native sizes, as does wt-Hsp25 after TNFα treatment in the presence of SB203580. Our results, therefore, are consistent with the possibility that the hyperaggregated form of Hsp25 is responsible for the protective activity against oxidative stress and that the phosphorylation of serines 15 and/or 86 by interfering with this structural reorganization, may lead to the inactivation of Hsp25 protective activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:436-452, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: taxol ; microtubules ; vimentin ; intermediate filaments ; protein phosphorylation ; protein kinases ; inhibitors ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Taxol, a microtubule stabilizing agent, has been extensively investigated for its antitumor activity. The cytotoxic effect of taxol is generally attributed to its antimicrotubule activity and is believed to be cell cycle dependent. Herein, we report that taxol induces hyperphosphorylation and reorganization of the vimentin intermediate filament in 9L rat brain tumor cells, in concentration- and time-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of vimentin was maximum at 10-6 M of taxol treatment for 8 h and diminished at higher (10-5 M) concentration. Enhanced phosphorylation of vimentin was detectable at 2 h treatment with 10-6 M taxol and was maximum after 12 h of treatment. Taxol-induced phosphorylation of vimentin was largely abolished in cells pretreated with staurosporine and bisindolymaleimide but was unaffected by H-89, KT-5926, SB203580, genistein, and olomoucine. Thus, protein kinase C may be involved in this process. Hyperphosphorylation of vimentin was accompanied by rounding up of cells as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, there was a concomitant reorganization of the vimentin intermediate filament in the taxol-treated cells, whereas the microtubules and the actin microfilaments were less affected. Taken together, our data demonstrate that taxol induces hyperphosphorylation of vimentin with concomitant reorganization of the vimentin intermediate filament and that this process may be mediated via a protein kinase C signaling pathway. J. Cell Biochem. 68:472-483, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: transcription factor ; nuclear matrix ; YY1 ; amino acids ; functional regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The multifunctional transcription factor YY1 is associated with the nuclear matrix. In osteoblasts, the interaction of several nuclear matrix-associated transcription factors with the bone specific osteocalcin gene contributes to tissue-specific and steroid hormone-mediated transcription. A canonical nuclear matrix targeting signal (NMTS) is present in all members of the AML/CBFβ transcription factor family, but not in other transcription factors. Therefore, we defined sequences that direct YY1 (414 amino acids) to the nuclear matrix. A series of epitope tagged deletion constructs were expressed in HeLa S3 and in human Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. Subcellular distribution was determined in whole cells and nuclear matrices in situ by immunofluorescence. We demonstrated that amino acids 257-341 in the C-terminal domain of YY1 are necessary for nuclear matrix association. We also observed that sequences within the N-terminal domain of YY1 permit weak nuclear matrix binding. Our data further suggest that the Gal4 epitope tag contains sequences that affect subcellular localization, but not targeting to the nuclear matrix. The targeted association of YY1 with the nuclear matrix provides an additional level of functional regulation for this transcription factor that can exhibit positive and negative control. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:500-510, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nuclear matrix ; replication origin ; topoisomerase II-mediated DNA loop excision ; DNA loop anchorage sites ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The recently developed procedure of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA loop excision has been used to analyze the topological organization of a human genome fragment containing the gene encoding lamin B2 and the ppv1 gene. A 3.5 kb long DNA loop anchorage/topoisomerase II cleavage region was found within the area under study. This region includes the end of the lamin B2 coding unit and an intergenic region where an origin of DNA replication was previously found. These observations further corroborate the hypothesis that DNA replication origins are located at or close to DNA loop anchorage regions. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:13-18, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 30-43 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hyperthermia ; calreticulin ; chaperone complexes ; prompt glycosylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Acute heat stress leads to the glycosylation of a “prompt” stress glycoprotein, P-SG67/64, identified as calreticulin. In the present study, we used immunoprecipitation to investigate the interactions of P-SG/calreticulin with other proteins during cellular recovery from heat stress. In heat-stressed CHO and M21 cells, both glycosylated and unglycosylated P-SGs interact with HSP90, GRP94, GRP78, and the other prompt stress glycoprotein, P-SG50, in an ATP-independent manner. Specificity of HSP-P-SG interactions was determined by chemical cross-linking with the homo-bifunctional agent DSP (3,3′-dithiobis[succinimidyl propionate]). Characterization of the cross-linked complexes involving calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed an average mass of 400-600 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. Overall, the consistent association of glycosylated and unglycosylated calreticulin with P-SG50 and unglycosylated HSPs suggests that P-SG/calreticulin is an active member of the cast of glycone/aglycone chaperones that cooperate to achieve cellular recovery from acute heat stress. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:30-43, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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