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  • Articles  (18)
  • Mexico  (17)
  • Animals
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
  • temperature
  • Springer  (18)
  • Geography  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dew and its effect on two heliophile understorey species of a tropical dry deciduous forest in Mexico (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 43 (1999), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Key words Dew ; Heliophile species ; Mexico ; Transpiration ; Tropical dry deciduous forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A series of horizontal and vertical measurements of dew deposition and dew duration were carried out in a tropical dry deciduous forest in western Mexico (19° 30′ N, 105° 03′ W). The effect of dew on transpiration in heliophile species was also investigated. The amount of dew was very variable with no temporal or spatial pattern. The amount of dew measured at two horizontal transects (maximum and minimum) (at heights of 0.20 m and 1.30 m above ground level) was from 0.014 to 0.203 mm and from 0.013 to 0.061 mm in the middle and at the end of the dry season, respectively. Dew deposition at different vertical levels (0.50–12.5 m height) ranged from 0.04 to 0.36 mm. The duration of dew formation ranged between 60 and 129 min after sunrise above the canopy (a height of 11 m), and between 259 and 290 min after sunrise at a height of 2 m. Daily transpiration rates were 883 and 632 g m–2 d–1 in Coccoloba liebmannii and 538 and 864 g m–2 d–1 in Jacquinia pungens in January and April, respectively. Transpiration was restricted from sunrise to early afternoon in April, as a result of the pronounced midday closure of stomata in both species. The reduction of transpiration by dew ranged from 13.2 to 50.1 g m–2 d–1 and from 4.5 to 77.7 g m–2 d–1 for C. liebmannii and J. pungens, respectively. Dew can play an important role in enhancing the survival of heliophile species in the dry season by reducing transpiration rates during the morning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840050109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Littoral benthos of the saline crater lakes of the basin of Oriental, Mexico (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 87-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: benthos ; crater lakes ; littoral ; macroinvertebrates ; Mexico ; Puebla ; saline lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Two saline crater lakes in the basin of Oriental, Puebla-Tlaxcala-Veracruz, were investigated for littoral benthic macroinvertebrates. Fifty taxa were identified with the oligochaetes, amphipods, chironomids and leeches the dominant organisms. These four taxa made up to 99 per cent in both number and biomass. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Hyalella azteca, Tanypus (Apelopia) sp. and Stictochironomus sp. were the most abundant organisms. Unlike other saline lakes which have a littoral benthos dominated by chironomids, Alchichica and Atexcac were dominated by oligochaetes (70–73 per cent). The gastropod, Physa sp., was found up to a salinity of 8 g L-1; in other studies, it has been found in lower salinities. L. hoffmeisteri is also a typical inhabitant of freshwater lakes, particularly of deep waters. It was dominant in the shallow, saline waters of the two lakes studied. Salinity did not affect species richness. Alchichica, the most saline of the six crater lakes of Puebla (salinity, 7.4 g L-1), had 30 per cent more species than the freshwater lakes, and double the species number of Atexcac. It seems the main factor controlling species richness and the density and biomass of organisms in Alchichica and Atexcac is the presence of aquatic vegetation. It does this by increasing habitat heterogeneity and providing food and protection against predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009077214847
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Littoral benthos of the saline crater lakes of the basin of Oriental, Mexico (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 87-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: benthos ; crater lakes ; littoral ; macroinvertebrates ; Mexico ; Puebla ; saline lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Two saline crater lakes in the basin of Oriental, Puebla-Tlaxcala-Veracruz, were investigated for littoral benthic macroinvertebrates. Fifty taxa were identified with the oligochaetes, amphipods, chironomids and leeches the dominant organisms. These four taxa made up to 99 per cent in both number and biomass.Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Hyalella azteca, Tanypus (Apelopia) sp. andStictochironomus sp. were the most abundant organisms. Unlike other saline lakes which have a littoral benthos dominated by chironomids, Alchichica and Atexcac were dominated by oligochaetes (70–73 per cent). The gastropod,Physa sp., was found up to a salinity of 8 g L−1; in other studies, it has been found in lower salinities.L. hoffmeisteri is also a typical inhabitant of freshwater lakes, particularly of deep waters. It was dominant in the shallow, saline waters of the two lakes studied. Salinity did not affect species richness. Alchichica, the most saline of the six crater lakes of Puebla (salinity, 7.4 g L−1), had 30 per cent more species than the freshwater lakes, and double the species number of Atexcac. It seems the main factor controlling species richness and the density and biomass of organisms in Alchichica and Atexcac is the presence of aquatic vegetation. It does this by increasing habitat heterogeneity and providing food and protection against predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441880
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction Scenarios in Mexico for Year 2005: Industrial Cogeneration and Efficient Lighting (1998)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1998), S. 359-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: CO2emissions ; CO2mitigation costs ; cogeneration ; efficient lighting ; Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the impacts on Mexican energy demand and associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the year 2005 due to efficient lighting in the commercial and residential sectors and cogeneration in the industrial sector is presented. Estimation of CO2 abatement costs and an incremental cost curve for CO2 mitigation options are considered. These technologies are cost effective opportunities, and together are projected to reduce CO2 emissions in 2005 by nearly 13 percent. Implementation of efficient lighting is already part of the demand side management (DSM) programs of the Mexican state-owned utility. However, there are important barriers that may hinder the implementation of large scale cogeneration plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004665.58546.4b
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon stable isotopes ratios of pelagic and littoral communities in Alchichica crater-lake, Mexico (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: δ13C ; crater-lake ; food webs ; Mexico ; pelagic and littoral communities ; saline-lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Carbon stable isotope ratios were determined in dominant biotic components of pelagic and littoral systems in Alchichica crater-lake. Results showed that carbon signatures were significantly different between both systems. The pelagic environment was more depleted (−26.15 to −15.14 per mille) than the littoral zone (−21.03 to −17.91 per mille). The potential source end-point in the simplified pelagic community was established to be diatomaceous phytoplankton; its predicted value was −21.7 per mille. There is a clear evidence that Nodularia does not sustain the pelagic food chain. In contrast, the highly diverse littoral community was sustained by epiphytes. No allochthonous sources seemed to influence this food web. 13C enrichment was observed along the components of both systems with fractionations of 0.8 to 1.4 per mille. The contribution of the seagrass Ruppia maritima is probably associated with the detritus pathway. Carbon source partitioning between both systems was not recorded. The δ13C in Alchichica crater-lake was more enriched than in other saline lakes and could be attributed to different salinity and CO2 concentrations among lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009052526657
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon stable isotopes ratios of pelagic and littoral communities in Alchichica crater-lake, Mexico (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: δ13C ; crater-lake ; food webs ; Mexico ; pelagic and littoral communities ; saline-lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Carbon stable isotope ratios were determined in dominant biotic components of pelagic and littoral systems in Alchichica crater-lake. Results showed that carbon signatures were significantly different between both systems. The pelagic environment was more depleted (−26.15 to −15.14 per mille) than the littoral zone (−21.03 to −17.91 per mille). The potential source end-point in the simplified pelagic community was established to be diatomaceous phytoplankton; its predicted value was −21.7 per mille. There is a clear evidence thatNodularia does not sustain the pelagic food chain. In contrast, the highly diverse littoral community was sustained by epiphytes. No allochthonous sources seemed to influence this food web.13C enrichment was observed along the components of both systems with fractionations of 0.8 to 1.4 per mille. The contribution of the seagrassRuppia maritima is probably associated with the detritus pathway. Carbon source partitioning between both systems was not recorded. The δ13C in Alchichica crater-lake was more enriched than in other saline lakes and could be attributed to different salinity and CO2 concentrations among lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442143
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metropolitan growth and labor markets in Mexico (1997)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 43 (1997), S. 371-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Keywords: metropolitan labor markets ; Mexico ; social polarization ; precarization of labor force
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to examine the main changes in the metropolitan labor markets associated with economic restructuring in Mexico during the late 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. The analysis refers particularly to the four largest metropoles of the country, Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey and Puebla, looking for common characteristics in their emergent employment structures now strongly differentiated in terms of rewards, stability in employment relations and conditions of access to jobs. The analysis reveals that largest metropolitan areas have been the most profoundly affected by the economic restructuring resulting from globalization, through a rapid de-industrialization and the expansion of the tertiary sector. Metropolitan labor markets in Mexico, at the time that show signs of social polarization in the formal sector, put in evidence a general process of precarization – less labor stability, replacement of permanent by part-time jobs, and increasing subcontracting –, segmentation of the labor force, and an increasing informal conditions of economic activities with small businesses and unskilled, temporarly and poorly paid jobs. The labor force segmentation and its more precarious and casual conditions are mostly explained by the impact of recent neoliberal policies, and recurrent economic crisis during the 1980s and 1990s which highly contributes to social inequality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006895907459
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon dioxide emission reduction scenarios in Mexico for year 2005: Industrial cogeneration and efficient lighting (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 359-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: CO2emissions ; CO2mitigation costs ; cogeneration ; efficient lighting ; Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the impacts on Mexican energy demand and associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the year 2005 due to efficient lighting in the commercial and residential sectors and cogeneration in the industrial sector is presented. Estimation of CO2 abatement costs and an incremental cost curve for CO2 mitigation options are considered. These technologies are cost effective opportunities, and together are projected to reduce CO2 emissions in 2005 by nearly 13 percent. Implementation of efficient lighting is already part of the demand side management (DSM) programs of the Mexican state-owned utility. However, there are important barriers that may hinder the implementation of large scale cogeneration plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02437051
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terrestrial carbon dynamics: Case studies in the former Soviet Union, the conterminous United States, Mexico and Brazil (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 363-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: carbon flux ; land use ; former Soviet Union ; United States ; Mexico ; Brazil ; forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (=uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (-37) and Brazil (-16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (=emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU -342; U.S. -243; Mexico -35; and Brazil -235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464888
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: Case Studies in the Former Soviet Union, the Conterminous United States, Mexico and Brazil (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 363-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: carbon flux ; land use ; former Soviet Union ; United States ; Mexico ; Brazil ; forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (= uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (−37) and Brazil (−16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (= emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU −343; U.S. −243; Mexico −35; and Brazil −235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000027388.65532.60
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Historical and recent changes in Lake Texcoco, a saline lake in Mexico (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 5 (1996), S. 45-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: conservation ; human impacts ; Lake Texcoco ; Mexico ; saline lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Historical and recent changes in the nature of Lake Texcoco, a saline lake in Mexico, are described. These changes are particularly important since they significantly affect water supply, drainage and other urban issues in Mexico City, Mexico's largest city and capital located within the general boundaries of the lake basin and gradually sinking (mean annual sinking rate is 30 cm). After brief reviews of the present status of the lake and background geological, palaeolimnological and climatic features, human activities during historical and recent times are considered. Of particular note have been drainage basin activities, diversion of inflows, pollution and over-exploitation of groundwater and biological resources (especially fish and waterfowl). The major effects of these activities are water shortages, soil erosion, salinization, dust storms, sinking ground, poor water quality and decreased biological resources. Conservation measures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01996035
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The macrobenthic fauna of a former perennial and now episodically filled mexican saline lake (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 5 (1996), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: episodic playa lakes ; macroinvertebrates ; Mexico ; salt lakes ; temporary waters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Totolcingo (El Carmen), a large and now episodically filled playa lake in the east-ernmost portion of the Mexican Plateau, filled with water in 1993. Water persisted for just one month (May). Alkaline (pH ≈ 10), saline (K25 up to 30,000μS/cm) waters, dominated by NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, characterized the lake. The fauna was depauperate. The components of the fauna wereEphydra (Hydropyrus)hians Say (ephydrid),Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède (tubificid), andBerosus sp. (Coleoptera). The species in the lake were widely dispersed and typical inhabitants of saline lakes. Possible reasons for the depauperate fauna include (a) overall physical and chemical conditions, (b) unpredictable hydrology, and (c) the short (one month) inundation period prevented colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997141
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in some physico-chemical parameters in a hypersaline coastal lagoon of Baja California, Mexico (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 4 (1995), S. 265-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: hypersaline coastal lagoon ; physico-chemical seasonal variations ; winds ; Artemia ; cysts ; Baja California ; Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract San Jose lagoon is a hypersaline body of water located in Mexico in the Baja California Peninsula. The lagoon belongs to a system that lies between the fault ridge known as San Jose Creek. Because of its marine origin, it can be considered as thalassohaline, but its isolation from the ocean has brought about changes in its salt composition. It has an area of 13,500 m2, a mean depth of 80 cm and a total volume of 10,000 m3. It does not desiccate and can be considered as a permanent lagoon. Seasonal variations are small. TheArtemia population in San Jose produces cysts all year. To determine the physico-chemical conditions inducing permanent production of cysts, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH of the lagoon were monitored, as well as relative humidity and wind conditions in the region in different seasons of the year. From spring to summer, differences of 1 mg L−1 of O2, 1°C in water temperature, and 8 g L−1 in salinity were observed, and from summer to winter differences of 3.3 mg L−1, 6.5°C, and 14 g L−1, respectively. Despite small seasonal variations, the lagoon exhibits strong spatial and daily changes that are important for cyst production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02001495
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of climatic change through harmonic analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 9 (1994), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Fourier transform ; maximum entropy spectral analysis ; precipitation ; temperature ; climatic change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the present work, a precipitation and temperature series from Barcelona (Spain) are analysed in order to detect the possible existence of climatic changes or cycles. The analysis is carried out both from the temporal and spectral standpoints. The techniques used range from the classical periodogram and Blackman-Tukey method through to the Maximum Entropy method. The results do not show the existence of climatic cycles, though they do show a clear tendency toward increased precipitation and decreased temperature, since the last years of series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662588
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volcanic hazards in the surroundings of Pico de Orizaba, eastern Mexico (1994)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 10 (1994), S. 197-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Mexico ; Citlaltepetl ; volcanic lava ; pyroclastic ; epiclastic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Volcanic hazards from Pico de Orizaba volcano are presented here tor the first time. Some 1.3 million people live within the hazard zone, which in the most severe case would encompass the Mexican Gulf coast, east of the volcano. Three major cities located in the eastern part of the hazard zone account for 800 000 of this population and about 200 000 people live within a 20 km radius of the volcano. Probability calculations are presented as an attempt to quantify the hazards in the surroundings of the volcano. Such quantification can be of use in planning for future land use within the hazard zones. A zone of about 10 km radius centred on the top crater is a high hazard zone for gravity-driven flows and fallout ejecta. For large volume eruptions, the radius could be extended to 120 km to the east and 60 km to the west. The asymmetrical distribution is related to the topography of the volcano. Hazards from Pyroclastic-fall deposits are principally to the west of the volcano, since easterly winds are dominant in the area lava-flow hazards are greatest within a 10 km radius from the summit crater. Pyroclastic flow hazards are high up to 20 km from the volcano summit. In the case of reactivation of the volcano, melting of a glacier covering the summit of Pico de Orizaba having a volume equivalent to some 45 × 109 litres of water, would produce lahars which would descend the flanks of the volcano.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596142
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Albedo model for a tropical dry deciduous forest in western Mexico (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 36 (1992), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Albedo ; Deciduous vegetation ; Energy regime ; Mexico ; Tropical deciduous forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple albedo model is presented for a tropical dry deciduous forest. The model is based on point observations of the solar radiation, leaf cover of the vegetation, precipitation and air temperature from 1981 to 1988 in western Mexico. Four main periods were noted: leafing, leafed, leaf-fall and leafless. During the leafed period the albedo was almost constant (0.16) but increased slowly in the leaf-fall period, at a rate of 0.0008/day, until its maximal values in the leafless period (0.24). During the leafing and leafed periods, the albedo decrease was a hyperbolic function of precipitation at a rate of 7.9 albedo percentage/mm. Albedo showed a linear regression on leaf cover and decreased at a rate of 0.119 albedo percentage per leaf cover percentage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208922
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tsunami threat on the Mexican west coast: A historical analysis and recommendations for hazard mitigation (1991)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 4 (1991), S. 301-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Tsunami catalog ; precursors ; warning system ; public education ; risk assessment ; Mexico ; Mesoamerican subduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract From an inspection of all tide gauge records for the western coast of Mexico over the last 37 years, a data base of all recorded tsunamis was made. Information on relevant historical events dating back two centuries, using newspaper archives, previous catalogs, and local witness interviews, was added to produce a catalog of tsunamis for the western coast of Mexico. A description of the 1932 Cuyutlán tsunami is given. This is considered to be the most destructive local tsunami which has ever occurred in the region for which historical accounts are available. It was preceded by two precursor events, a not uncommon occurrence in that zone. A summary of the generation and coastal effects from the 1985 Michoacán tsunamis is also given. These Michoacán tsunamis are the most recent local events in that zone. This information, and knowledge of local undersea faulting characteristics along the Mexican Pacific coast, leads to a clear differentiation of two zones of potential tsunami hazard: locally generated tsunamis south of the Rivera fracture, in the Cocos plate subsidence region, and remotely generated tsunamis north of this zone. Based on this zonation, two types of tsunami warning systems are proposed: real-time for the southern zone, and delayed-time for the northern. A description is provided of the Baja California Regional Tsunami Warning System that is presently operational in the northern zone. Several major industrial ports and tourist resort areas are located in the southern zone, and are therefore most vulnerable to local destructive tsunamis. Some of these sites represent important socioeconomic resources for Mexico, and have therefore been chosen for a vulnerability assessment and microzonation risk analysis. Land use patterns are identified, risks defined, and recommendations to minimize future tsunami impact are given. One case is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162795
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Source mechanism of the tsunamis of 19 and 21 September 1985, in Mexico (1988)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 1 (1988), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Source-mechanism ; tsunami ; Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The major earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Richter scale which struck the west coast of Mexico on Thursday 19 September 1985, generated a small tsunami. A major aftershock on 21 September, with a magnitude of 7.5 also produced a small tsunami. Both tsunamis propagated across the Pacific and were recorded by several tide stations in Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, French Polynesia, Samoa, and Hawaii. No reports of damage were received from any of the stations, and only minor damage due to the first tsunami was reported from the source region. A survey was made by the International Tsunami Information Center (ITIC) of the coastal area affected, from Manzanillo to Zihuatanejo. Tsunami runup measurements were taken and interviews with local residents in the coastal areas were conducted. A source mechanism study of the tsunamis was undertaken using seismic and geologic data and empirical relationships. Earthquake and tsunami energies were estimated and the tsunami genertion areas defined. The earthquake energies were estimated to be 5.61 × 1024 erg for the 19 September event and 9.9 × 1023 erg for the 21 September event. Tsunami energies were estimated to be 0.7 × 1020 erg for the first event and 0.56 × 1020 erg for the second event. The source area of the first tsunami was determined to be approximately one-half of the earthquake source area, or approximately 7500 km2, while the source area of the second tsunami was estimated to be equal to the earthquake area. The relatively small tsunamis generated by these large earthquakes are attributed to the shallow angle of subduction of the Cocos plate underneath the North American plate for this particular region, and to the small vertical component of crustal displacements. However, the angle of subduction increases further south and local earthquakes from that area have the potential of producing large tsunamis on the west coast of Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137233
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