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  • 04.06. Seismology  (26)
  • 04.04. Geology  (6)
  • Antarctic bacterioplankton
  • Frontiers Media S.A.  (13)
  • Seismological Society of America  (12)
  • Wiley  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    The Influence of Cumulative Intensity on Macroseismic Source Parameters: The Case of 2016–2017 and 1703 Seismic Sequences (Central Italy) (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: The macroseismic source parameters of earthquakes occurring within a sequence are strongly influenced by cumulative damage effects. When we deal with historical seismic sequences, in addition to the cumulative intensities, other intrinsic uncertainties due to the scarcity and indeterminacy of sources come into play. These issues imply that the parameterizations of the single earthquakes within a historical seismic sequence are not univocal and that all the uncertainties that are addressed when assessing macroseismic intensity should be carefully considered in the parameter estimation. In the light of these considerations, we performed some tests on the 2016–2017 and 1703 seismic sequences, which occurred in the same area in central Italy, to compute the macroseismic source parameters by means of two independent methods. Results show that the cumulative effects arising from multiple damaging earthquakes can cause biases in the intensity assessments, which affect the computed magnitude and epicentral locations. To reduce bias in macroseismic intensities due to cumulative damage, we illustrate a simple procedure, called cumulative intensity subtraction (CIS), which consists in discarding the localities strongly damaged by the early earthquakes of a sequence from the intensity distributions used for computing the macroseismic source parameters of the subsequent earthquakes. The outcomes show that, for the 2016 seismic sequence, the CIS approach provides locations in agreement with the instrumental epicenters and with the causative faults. For the 1703 sequence, the CIS approach along with explicit accounting for the indeterminacy in intensity assignments give a range of equally plausible solutions. The CIS represents an exploration of a simple strategy that stems from an attempt to give significance to macroseismic intensity in the presence of cumulative damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 759–774
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: macroseismic intesity ; cumulative effects ; microseismic source parameters ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Imaging Upper-Mantle Anisotropy with Transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo Sampling (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Underdetermination is a condition affecting all problems in seismic imaging. It manifests mainly in the nonuniqueness of the models inferred from the data. This condition is exacerbated if simplifying hypotheses like isotropy are discarded in favor of more realistic anisotropic models that, although supported by seismological evidence, require more free parameters. Investigating the connections between underdetermination and anisotropy requires the implementation of solvers which explore the whole family of possibilities behind nonuniqueness and allow for more informed conclusions about the interpretation of the seismic models. Because these aspects cannot be investigated using traditional iterative linearized inversion schemes with regularization constraints that collapse the infinite possible models into a unique solution, we explore the application of transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo sampling to address the consequences of underdetermination in anisotropic seismic imaging. We show how teleseismic waves of P and S phases can constrain upper‐mantle anisotropy and the amount of additional information these data provide in terms of uncertainty and trade‐offs among multiple fields.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Comment on “A Seismic Moment Magnitude Scale” by Ranjit Das, Mukat Lal Sharma, Hans Raj Wason, Deepankar Choudhury, and Gabriel Gonzalez (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    In:  Das, R., M. L. Sharma, H. R. Wason, D. Choudhury, and G. Gonzales (2019). A seismic moment magnitude scale, Bull Seismol. Soc. Am. 109, no. 4, 1542–1555, doi: 10.1785/0120180338.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Moment magnitude Mw was first defined by Hiroo Kanamori in the late 1970s, when the availability of new force balance seismometers made it possible to measure the seismic moment M0 with virtually no limits in the frequency passband. For this reason, Mw does not become saturated even for the largest earthquakes ever recorded. Mw has been chosen in such a way that it coincides best with the previous definitions of magnitude (Ms, ML, mb, etc.) on certain ranges of values but can deviate significantly from them within other ranges. A few years ago, Das and colleagues proposed a new moment magnitude scale Mwg with the aim of better reproducing the values of mb and Ms over their entire range and to better predict the energy ES radiated by earthquakes. We show that there was no need to define such a new scale and that Mwg is not even optimal to achieve the goal of matching ES.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake magnitude ; moment magnitude scale ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Comment on “Earthquake Magnitude Conversion Problem” by Ranjit Das, H. R. Wason, Gabriel Gonzalez, M. L. Sharma, Deepankar Choudhury, Conrad Lindholm, Narayan Roy, and Pablo Salazar (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    In:  "Earthquake Magnitude Conversion Problem” by Ranjit Das, H. R. Wason, Gabriel Gonzalez, M. L. Sharma, Deepankar Choudhury, Conrad Lindholm, Narayan Roy, and Pablo Salazar
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Similar to the previous ones, the latest paper by Das and Colleagues (Das et al.,2018) on the application of the general orthogonal regression (GOR) method (Fuller, 1987; Castellaro et al.,2006), for the conversions between different types of earthquake magnitudes, is a collection of incorrect or undemonstrated assertions, most of which have already been pointed out in several contributions that have been published in the last few years (Gasperini and Lolli, 2014a, b; Gasperini et al., 2015, 2018; Pujol, 2018). We recall below only some of them. According to the recent seismological literature, we use here the term “GOR” to indicate the errors-in variable regression method described by Fuller (1987), even if such term is not fully in line with mathematical statistics as orthogonality is only given for equal errors of the dependent and independent variables.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1366-1369
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    A Reliable Procedure to Estimate the Rupture Propagation Directions from Source Directivity: The 2016–2018 Central Italy Seismic Sequence (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: We present a new approach to estimate the predominant direction of rupture propagation during a seismic sequence. A fast estimation of the rupture propagation direction is essential to knowthe azimuthal distribution of shaking around the seismic source and the associated risks for the earthquake occurrence. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it is conceptually reliable, simple, and fast (near real time). The approach uses the empirical Green’s function technique and can be applied directly to the waveforms without requiring the deconvolution of the instrumental response and without knowing a priori the attenuation model and the orientation of the activated fault system. We apply the method to the 2016–2017 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia high-energy and long-lasting earthquake series in central Italy,which affected a large area up to 80 kmalong strike, withmore than 130,000 events of small-to-moderate magnitude recorded until the end of August 2022. Most of the selected events analyzed in this study have a magnitude greater than 4.4 and only four seismic events have a magnitude in the range of 3.3–3.7. Our results show that the complex activated normal fault system has a rupture direction mainly controlled by the pre-existing normal faults and by the orientation of the reactivated faults. In addition, the preferred direction of rupture propagation is also controlled by the presence of fluid in the pre-existing structural discontinuities. We discuss the possible role of fluids as a cause of bimaterial interface. Another important finding from our analysis is that the spatial evolution of seismicity is controlled by the directivity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1912–1924
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: directivity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The Community Stress-Drop Validation Study—Part I: Source, Propagation, and Site Decomposition of Fourier Spectra (2023)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-03
    Description: In part 1, we run multiple GIT decomposition for different choices of model assumptions, namely three different window duration for Fourier calculation, two different parametrization of the attenuation, two different site constraints. We also considered different source models (Brune, Boatwright, Brune with kappa_source) and different approaches to estimate uncertainties of source parameters (i.e., considering the covariance matrix, Monte Carlo sampling of the residual distribution, model selection with threshold based on F-test).
    Description: As part of the community stress-drop validation study initiative, we apply a spectral decomposition approach to isolate the source spectra of 556 events occurred during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence (Southern California). We perform multiple decompositions by introducing alternative choices for some processing and model assumptions, namely: three different S-wave window durations (i.e., 5 s, 20 s, and variable between 5 and 20 s); two attenuation models that account differently for depth dependencies; and two different site amplification constraints applied to restore uniqueness of the solution. Seismic moment and corner frequency are estimated for the Brune and Boatwright source models, and an extensive archive including source spectra, site amplifications, attenuation models, and tables with source parameters is disseminated as the main product of the present study. We also compare different approaches to measure the precision of the parameters expressed in terms of 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CIs estimated from the asymptotic standard errors and from Monte Carlo resampling of the residual distribution show an almost one-to-one correspondence; the approach based on model selection by setting a threshold for misfit chosen with an F-ratio test is conservative compared to the approach based on the asymptotic standard errors. The uncertainty analysis is completed in the companion article in which the outcomes from this work are used to compare epistemic uncertainty with precision of the source parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1980–1991
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: source parameters ; GIT ; uncertainties ; moment magnitude ; corner frequency ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Comment on “High-Definition Mapping of the Gutenberg–Richter b-Value and Its Relevance: A Case Study in Italy” by M. Taroni, J. Zhuang, and W. Marzocchi (2023)
    Seismological Society of America
    In:  Taroni, M., J. Zhuang, and W. Marzocchi (2021). High-definition mapping of the Gutenberg–Richter b-value and its relevance: A case study in Italy, Seismol. Res. Lett. 92, 3778–3784, doi: 10.1785/0220210017.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: Taroni et al. (2021) published a statistical framework to reliably estimate the b-value and its uncertainties, with the goal being the interpretation in a seismotectonic context and improving earthquake forecasting capabilities. In this comment, we show that the results presented for the Italian region and the conclusions drawn by the authors, are heavily biased due to quarry-blast events in the Italian earthquake catalog used in the analysis. Without removing this anthropogenic component in the data, a meaningful analysis of the earthquake- size distribution for natural seismicity is, in our opinion, not possible. This comment highlights the need for basic data quality analysis before sophisticated statistical tools are applied to a dataset.
    Description: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement Number 821115 Pianeta Dinamico-Working Earth INGV-MUR project.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1089-1094
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Fluid Accumulation Zone by Seismic Attributes and Amplitude Versus Offset Analysis at Solfatara Volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy (2023)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-22
    Description: The imaging of volcanic systems is a challenging topic that attracts the scientific community’s attention. The characterization of structures and rock properties by means of seismic active methods is becoming fundamental for providing ultra-high-resolution images of the structures of interest. The Solfatara Volcano is a quiescent volcano in the Campi Flegrei resurgent nested caldera that is continuously under investigation and monitoring for its shallow activity, such as fumaroles. The purpose of this work is to characterize the fluid accumulation zone in the first 150 m depth in the middle of the crater, using several post-stack seismic attributes and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis to characterize the contact between the CO2 and condensed water in the shallower accumulation zone. The two 400 m-long profiles to which we refer in this work have been acquired during the active Repeated InduCed Earthquakes and Noise experiment. The profiles were deployed along with the NNE-SSW and WNW-ESE directions across the whole surface of the crater including the main surface anomalies of the fumaroles, in the eastern area, and the mud-pool of Fangaia, located in the western area. The seismic pre-processing, pre-stack processing, and post-stack analysis previously applied on the NNE-SSW profile are here performed for the first time on the WNW-ESE profile, while partial-stack AVO analysis is performed for both profiles. The post-stack attributes including time gain, envelope, energy, and root mean square have been computed and extracted for determining the maximum and minimum values of amplitude zones on the migrated post-stack seismic profiles. Such anomalies are provided by complex and geometrical attributes embedding information on faults and chaotic zones. The AVO technique has also been used as a direct gas indicator to enhance fluid discrimination and identification. Finally, the analysis of the profile, seismic attributes, and near-surface structural interpretation related to the Solfatara Volcano has been incorporated into the proposed analysis. The multi-2D image depicts fluids trapped in the Solfatara Volcano at depths ranging from 10 to 50 m below the crater’s surface, as well as their migration paths up to 150 m deep: this evidenced contact between the fluids has been probably due to the solfataric alteration of the minerals, caused by the arising plume and the abovecondensed water which decreases the permeability of the rocks and forms an argillic phase working as cap-rock and trapping the gases. The application of the AVO analysis, coupled with the seismic attribute’s investigation, provides a very detailed multi-2D image of the shallower Solfatara Volcano, which outperforms in terms of accuracy the ones obtained with different tools in previous works, and that evidences the presence and the position of the liquid and the gases in the north-east area of the Solfatara Volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 866534
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    First evidence of the Late Pleistocene—Holocene activity of the Roveto Valley Fault (Central Apennines, Italy) (2023)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-16
    Description: We investigated the Late Quaternary activity of a major, crustal fault affecting the southern sector of Central Apennines, i.e., the Roveto Valley Fault (also known as Liri Valley fault). This sector of the chain was hit by numerous M〉5 historical seismic events. For some of these, e.g., the 1654 one (Mw 6.33), the causative seismogenic source has never been conclusively defined. Within this seismotectonic framework, the recent activity of the Roveto Valley Fault is still a matter of debate. Some authors defined its activity as ended in the Middle Pleistocene; others considered it as currently active and seismogenic at least in its southern portion. We collected new geologic and geomorphologic data along the eastern (left) flank of the Roveto Valley, where the fault crops out, and we identified evidence of displacement of alluvial fans that we attributed to the Early, Middle, and Late Pleistocene. Moreover, the analysis of the relationship between colluvial/detrital deposits, chronologically constrained by means of radiocarbon dating, allowed us to define the activation of the Roveto Valley fault also during historical times, that is, over the past few centuries. Evidence of this has been collected along a large sector of the fault trace for a length of some tens of kilometres. The results of our studies contribute to improve the knowledge of the seismotectonic setting of a large sector of the Central Apennines. Indeed, proving the current activity of the Roveto Valley fault casts new light on possible seismogenic sources of major seismicity of central Italy, potentially responsible for severe damage over a wide area and to relevant cities, Rome being among them.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1018737
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: central Apennines ; Quaternary geology ; geomorphology ; Roveto Valley fault ; active tectonics ; paleoseismology ; seismotectonics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Recent Seismic Sequences and Activation of Normal Fault Systems in the Mugello Basin and Surrounding Areas (Northern Apennines, Italy) (2023)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: The Mugello Basin (North-Eastern Tuscany) is an intermontane basin of the Northern Apennines (Italy) with a well-documented record of seismicity; the two major historical earthquakes occurred in 1542 (Mw = 6.0) and in 1919 (Mw = 6.4). In this study, we integrate different seismic catalogs spanning the 2005–2019 time interval, and complement these data with phase arrival times from a temporary network that specifically operated in the area throughout the 2019–2021 time interval. The subsequent relocation of this data set with a double-difference algorithm allows for accurate analyses of the most relevant seismic sequences which affected the study area in 2008, 2009, 2015–2017, and 2019. These sequences are associated with the activation of adjacent segments of larger NW-striking fault systems, one of which bounds the NE margin of the Mugello Basin (Ronta Fault System). For each seismic sequence, best-fit fault surfaces are derived from orthonormal regression of relocated hypocenters, yielding consistent results with that derived from fault plane solutions. The four sequences mark a significant increase in the seismicity rate with respect to what was recorded in the previous decades. This suggests that, following the 2008 renewal of seismicity, static or dynamic stress changes, or both depending on the case, played a role in advancing the time of failure of the fault segments activated subsequently.
    Description: Published
    Description: 879160
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic sequence ; fault segmentation ; northern apennines ; stress transfer ; earthquake triggering ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Detection of hidden faults within the Fucino basin from single-station ambient noise measurements: The case study of the Trasacco fault system (2023)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: The presence of normal fault systems in central Italy, outcropping or hidden below Quaternary covers in intra-mountain basins, is the expression of the Neogene–Quaternary evolution of the area, characterized by an extensional tectonic regime following the fold and thrust structuring of the Apennine orogen. Italian urban settlements of central Italy are developed on hills or mountains but also in lowland areas, which are often set up in sedimentary basins. In this framework, urban centers found close to fault lines are common, with strong implications on the seismic risk of the area. In this work, we performed a dense seismological passive survey (88 single-station ambient noise measurements) and used the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVNSR) technique to investigate hidden faults in the Trasacco municipality located in the southern part of the Fucino Basin (central Italy), where microzonation studies pointed out hypothetical fault lines crossing the urban area with the Apennine orientation. These hidden structures were only suggested by previous studies based on commercial seismic lines and aerial photogrammetry; their presence in the basin area is confirmed by our measurements. This case study shows the potentiality of using the HVNSR technique in fault areas to have a preliminary indication of anomalous behaviors, to be investigated later with specific geophysical techniques. Our approach can support microzonation studies whenever fault zones are involved, especially in urban areas or in places designated for future developments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 937848
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: microzonation ; HVNSR ; hidden faults ; lateral heterogeneities ; subsoil reconstruction ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Evaluation of the Event Detection Level of the Cuban Seismic Network (2023)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-23
    Description: The detection level of a seismic network is a measure of its effective ability to record small earthquakes in a given area. It can vary in both space and time and depends on several factors such as meteorological conditions, anthropic noise, local soil conditions—all factors that affect the seismic noise level—as well as the quality and operating condition of the instruments. The ability to estimate the level of detection is of tremendous importance both in the design of a new network and in determining whether a given network can recognize seismicity consistently or needs to be improved in some of its parts. In this article, we determine the detection level of the Cuban seismic network using the empirically estimated seismic noise spectral level at each station site and some theoretical relationships to predict the signal amplitude of a seismic event at individual stations. The minimum local detectable magnitude thus depends on some network parameters such as the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the number of stations used in the calculation. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our predictions by comparing the estimated detection level with those empirically determined from one year of data (i.e., the year 2020) of the Cuban seismic catalog. Our analysis shows, on the one hand, in which areas the current Cuban network should be improved, also depending on the regional pattern of faults, and, on the other hand, indicates the magnitude threshold that can be assumed homogeneously for the catalog of Cuban earthquakes in 2020. Because the adopted method can use current measurements of the seismic noise level (e.g., daily), the proposed analysis can also be configured for continuous monitoring of network state quality.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2048-2062
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic monitoring ; detection ; cuba ; seismic network ; Event Detection Level ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Minimum 1D Vp and Vp/Vs Models and Hypocentral Determinations in the Central Mediterranean Area (2023)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-01
    Description: Minimum 1D velocity models and station corrections have been computed for the central Mediterranean area using two main data sets. The first one consists of accurate first arrival‐time readings from 103 seismic events with magnitude (ML)≥3.5 recorded by the Italian National Seismic Network (RSN) and the AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) in the period 2014–2021. Earthquakes were selected on the basis of their spatial distribution, epicentral distance to the nearest seismic station, and maximum distance traveled by Pn and Sn phases. This fine selection of high‐quality data combined with the spatial density of the AlpArray seismic stations was decisive in obtaining high resolution for upper mantle velocity, especially in the Alpine belt. To obtain a denser coverage of crustal rays, we extended the first data set with P and S arrivals of local earthquakes from Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) bulletin data (2016–2018). A total of 75,807 seismic phases (47,183 P phases and 28,264 S phases) have been inverted to calculate best‐fit 1D velocity models, at regional and local scales. We then test the performance of the optimized velocity models by relocating the last four years of seismicity recorded by INGV (period 2017–2020). The computed velocity models are very effective for routine earthquake location, seismic monitoring, source parameter modeling, and future 3D seismic tomography.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2670--2685
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geophysics ; velocity models ; Italian seismicity ; central mediterranean area ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    The Dependence on the Moho Depth of the b-Value of the Gutenberg–Richter Law (2023)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-31
    Description: We investigate the dependence of the Gutenberg–Richter b parameter on the crustal thickness quantified by the Moho depth, for nine different regional catalogs. We find that, for all the catalogs considered in our study, the b‐value is larger in areas presenting a thicker crust. This result appears in apparent contradiction with previous findings of a b decreasing with the focal depth. However, both the results are consistent with acoustic emission experiments, indicating a b‐value inversely proportion to the applied differential stress. Our results can be indeed interpreted as the signature of a larger stress concentration in areas presenting a thinner crust. This is compatible with the scenario where postseismic deformation plays a central role in stress concentration and in aftershock triggering.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1921–1934
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: b-value ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 16
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    The Submarine Boundaries of Mount Etna’s Unstable Southeastern Flank (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Coastal and ocean island volcanoes are renowned for having unstable flanks. This can lead to flank deformation on a variety of temporal and spatial scales ranging from slow creep to catastrophic sector collapse. A large section of these unstable flanks is often below sea level, where information on the volcano-tectonic structure and ground deformation is limited. Consequently, kinematic models that attempt to explain measured ground deformation onshore associated with flank instability are poorly constrained in the offshore area. Here, we attempt to determine the locations and the morpho-tectonic structures of the boundaries of the submerged unstable southeastern flank of Mount Etna (Italy). The integration of new marine data (bathymetry, microbathymetry, offshore seismicity, reflection seismic lines) and published marine data (bathymetry, seafloor geodesy, reflection seismic lines) allows identifying the lineament north of Catania Canyon as the southern lateral boundary with a high level of confidence. The northern and the distal (seaward) boundaries are less clear because no microbathymetric or seafloor geodetic data are available. Hypotheses for their locations are presented. Geophysical imaging suggests that the offshore Timpe Fault System is a shallow second-order structure that likely results from extensional deformation within the moving flank. Evidence for active uplift and compression upslope of the amphitheater-shaped depression from seismic data along with subsidence of the onshore Giarre Wedge block observed in ground deformation data leads us to propose that this block is a rotational slump, which moves on top of the large-scale instability. The new shoreline-crossing structural assessment may now inform and improve kinematic models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 810790
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seafloor ; fault ; flank dynamics ; hydroacoustic ; geodesy ; seismic profiles ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Early Pleistocene Dikes in the Changbai Mountain Volcanic Field (NE China) Based on Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopic Compositions (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Changbai Mountains intraplate volcanism (NE China) developed above the 500 km deep stagnant portion of the Pacific slab in the last 20 Ma. The more recent activity includes a shieldforming stage (2.8–0.3Ma), the Tianchi cone construction stage (1.5–0.01Ma), and a calderaforming stage (0.2Ma-present). Detailed studies on the petrogenesis of the volcanic products between the first two stages and the possible role of geodynamics and local tectonics in controlling the volcanism, however, are lacking. Here, we present structural and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data on Pleistocene dikes of the Changbai Mountains at the transition from the shield-forming to the Tianchi stage with the aim to constrain their age and the source(s) of their parental magma. The dikes represent the shallower feeding system of monogenetic cones and have a NW-SE strike, which is also the preferred strike of the major fault affecting the area and along which the Changbai Mountains monogenetic scoria cones align. The dikes have a potassic affinity and a trachybasaltic composition. Their zircon U–Pb age is 1.19–1.20Ma (Calabrian). The trachybasalts are enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, Pb, and LREE and slightly depleted in Sr, Zr, Hf, Ti, and HREE with a weak negative Eu/Eu* (δEu 0.96–0.97). Trace elements and isotopic compositions are compatiblewith anOIB-type source with an EMI signature. The calculated (87Sr/86Sr)i ( 0.705165–0.705324), (143Nd/ 144Nd)i ( 0.512552–0.512607, εNd(t) −0.58 to −1.65), and Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1768–1562 Ma suggest that the trachybasaltic dikes were contaminated by a Mesoproterozoic, relatively basic lower crust. The source of the Calabrian trachybasalts consists of asthenospheric melts modified by a subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These melts upwell from depth and stop at the crust-mantle interface where underplating processes favor the assimilation of ancient lower crust material. During the ascent to the surface along deep-seated crustal discontinuities, these magmas weakly differentiate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 729905
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Changbaishan ; mantle source ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Editorial: Seismicity in Volcanic Areas (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Editorial article
    Description: Seismic activity (e.g., earthquakes, tremors) beneath volcanic areas is primarily caused by the dynamic interaction of molten rock and hydrothermal fluids with the solid host rock, by fracturing and fragmentation of the magma itself, and by tectonic processes interacting with the volcano. In addition, near-surface phenomena such as explosions and rockfalls at a volcanic edifice also produce seismic events. At volcano observatories globally, the real-time monitoring of the spatial and temporal patterns of seismic events is an essential geophysical tool to quantify the state of unrest, and forecast eruptions successfully. Seismic waveforms, earthquake catalogues and earthquake ray-path properties commonly supplement this tool to model the complex processes responsible for the earthquakes quantitatively, and to image subsurface magmatic and tectonic structures. Independent constraints provided by other disciplines such as geodesy and structural geology also significantly help scientists to understand the volcanic processes. Recent advances in earthquake recording technology, computing power and algorithms in artificial intelligence, allow processing and interpretation of large and complex multi-parametric datasets and scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 829460
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake swarms ; volcanic areas ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    The impact of faulting complexity and type on earthquake rupture dynamics (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: The statistical properties of seismicity are known to be affected by several factors such as the rheological parameters of rocks. We analysed the earthquake double-couple as a function of the faulting type. Here we show that it impacts the moment tensors of earthquakes: thrust- faulting events are characterized by higher double-couple components with respect to strike- slip- and normal-faulting earthquakes. Our results are coherent with the stress dependence of the scaling exponent of the Gutenberg-Richter law, which is anticorrelated to the double- couple. We suggest that the structural and tectonic control of seismicity may have its origin in the complexity of the seismogenic source marked by the width of the cataclastic damage zone and by the slip of different fault planes during the same seismic event; the sharper and concentrated the slip as along faults, the higher the double-couple. This phenomenon may introduce bias in magnitude estimation, with possible impact on seismic forecasting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 258
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: double couple ; damage zone ; different fault type ; seismicity ; tectonics ; fault type ; seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Editorial: Volcanic Islands—A Challenge for Volcanology (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: Most volcanoes on the Earth rise from the bottom of seas and oceans. Most of them do not reach the surface of sea and remain hidden to all conventional observations from surface and space. Only some of them rise above the sea level, forming islands and passing from submarine to subaerial volcanism. Volcanic islands develop in virtually all the geodynamic contexts on Earth, from mid-ocean ridges (Iceland), to intraplate (Hawaii), to volcanic arcs (Aeolian Islands). All the liquid-descent evolutive degrees of magma are finally represented, from primitive compositions up to strongly evolved rhyolite, trachyte and phonolite lavas. So, the eruptive styles of these volcanoes range consequently from mild effusions to plinian eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 954902
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanoes ; seafloor ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Volcanic and Seismic Source Modeling: An Open Tool for Geodetic Data Modeling (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Volcanic and Seismic source Modeling (VSM) is an open-source Python tool to model ground deformation. VSM allows the user to choose one or more deformation sources of various shapes as a forward model among sphere, spheroid, ellipsoid, rectangular dislocation, and sill. It supports multiple datasets from most satellite and terrestrial geodetic techniques: Interferometric SAR, GNSS, leveling, Electronic Distance Measurements, tiltmeters, and strainmeters. Two sampling algorithms are available: one is a global optimization algorithm based on the Voronoi cells and yields the best-fitting solution and the second follows a probabilistic approach to parameters estimation based on the Bayes theorem and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. VSM can be executed as Python script, in Jupyter Notebook environments, or by its Graphical User Interface. Its broad applications range from high-level research to teaching, from single studies to near real-time hazard estimates. Potential users range from early-career scientists to experts. It is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/EliTras/VSM) and is accompanied by step-by-step documentation in Jupyter Notebooks. This study presents the functionalities of VSM and test cases to describe its use and comparisons among possible settings.
    Description: This work was jointly supported by the “Research Lifecycle Management technologies for Earth Science Communities and Copernicus users in EOSC” Reliance project funded by the European Commission’s H2020 2021-2022 (Grant Agreement no. 101017501); Pianeta Dinamico—Working Earth project (2020-2030) funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Decree no. 1118 04/12/2019); and “Linking Surface Observables to sub-Volcanic Plumbing-System: A Multidisciplinary Approach for Eruption Forecasting at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)” LOVE-CF (2020-2023) project funded by INGV (Internal Register no. 1865 17/07/2020).
    Description: Published
    Description: 917222
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: analytical model ; geodetic data ; natural hazards ; open science ; inverse theory ; InSAR ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Seismogenic Structure Orientation and Stress Field of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) From Microseismicity Analysis (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Historical seismic catalogs report that the Gargano Promontory (southern Italy) was affected in the past by earthquakes with medium to high estimated magnitude. From the instrumental seismicity, it can be identified that the most energetic Apulian sequence occurred in 1995 with a main shock of MW = 5.2 followed by about 200 aftershocks with a maximum magnitude of 3.7. The most energetic earthquakes of the past are attributed to right-lateral strike-slip faults, while there is evidence that the present-day seismicity occur on thrust or thrust-strike faults. In this article, we show a detailed study on focal mechanisms and stress field obtained by micro-seismicity recorded from April 2013 until the present time in the Gargano Promontory and surrounding regions. Seismic waveforms are collected from the OTRIONS Seismic Network (OSN), from the Italian National Seismic Network (RSN), and integrated with data from the Italian National Accelerometric Network (RAN) in order to provide a robust dataset of earthquake localizations and focal mechanisms. The effect of uncertainties of the velocity model on fault plane solutions (FPS) has been also evaluated indicating the robustness of the results. The computed stress field indicates a deep compressive faulting with maximum horizontal compressive stress, SHmax, trending NW-SE. The seismicity pattern analysis indicates that the whole crust is seismically involved up to a depth of 40 km and indicates the presence of a low-angle seismogenic surface trending SW-NE and dipping SE-NW, similar to the Gargano–Dubrovnik lineament. Shallower events, along the eastern sector of the Mattinata Fault (MF), are W-E dextral strike-slip fault. Therefore, we hypothesized that the seismicity is locally facilitated by preexisting multidirectional fractures, confirmed by the heterogeneity of focal mechanisms, and explained by the different reactivation processes in opposite directions over the time, involving the Mattinata shear zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 589332
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Gargano promontory ; OTRIONS local seismic network ; focal mechanisms ; stress field ; microseismicity ; mattinata fault ; gargano-dubrovnik lineament ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Application of Subspace-Based Detection Algorithm to Infrasound Signals in Volcanic Areas (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: Infrasonic signals investigation plays a fundamental role for both volcano monitoring purpose and the study of the explosion dynamics. Proper and reliable detection of weak signals is a critical issue in active volcano monitoring. In particular, in volcanic acoustics, it has direct consequences in pinpointing the real number of generated events (amplitude transients), especially when they exhibit low amplitude, are close in time to each other, and/or multiple sources exist. To accomplish this task, several algorithms have been proposed in literature; in particular, to overcome limitations of classical approaches such as short-time average/long-time average and cross-correlation detector, in this paper a subspace-based detection technique has been implemented. Results obtained by applying subspace detector on real infrasound data highlight that this method allows sensitive detection of lower energy events. This method is based on a projection of a sliding window of signal buffer onto a signal subspace that spans a collection of reference signals, representing similar waveforms from a particular infrasound source. A critical point is related to subspace design. Here, an empirical procedure has been applied to build the signal subspace from a set of reference waveforms (templates). In addition, in order to determine detectors parameters, such as subspace dimension and detection threshold, even in presence of overlapped noise such as infrasonic tremor, a statistical analysis of noise has been carried out. Finally, the subspace detector reliability and performance, have been assessed by performing a comparison among subspace approach, cross correlation detector and short-time average/long-time average detector. The obtained confusion matrix and extrapolated performance indices have demonstrated the potentiality, the advantages and drawbacks of the subspace method in tracking volcanic activity producing infrasound events. This method revealed to be a good compromise in detecting low-energy and very close in time events recorded during Strombolian activity
    Description: Published
    Description: 579923
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: infrasound signal ; trigger algorithm ; infrasound volcano monitoring ; strombolian activity ; etna volcano ; infrasonic tremor ; subspace detector ; infrasound events ; solid earth ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    The Seismicity of Ischia Island, Italy: An Integrated Earthquake Catalogue From 8th Century BC to 2019 and Its Statistical Properties (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Ischia is a densely inhabited and touristic volcanic island located in the northern sector of the Gulf of Naples (Italy). In 2017, the Mw 3.9 Casamicciola earthquake occurred after more than one century of seismic quiescence characterized only by minor seismicity, which followed a century with three destructive earthquakes (in 1828, 1881, and 1883). These events, despite their moderate magnitude (Mw 〈 5.5), lead to dreadful effects on buildings and population. However, an integrated catalogue systematically covering historical and instrumental seismicity of Ischia has been still lacking since many years. Here, we review and systematically re-analyse all the available data on the historical and instrumental seismicity, to build an integrated earthquake catalogue for Ischia with a robust characterization of existing uncertainties. Supported by new or updated macroseismic datasets, we significantly enriched existing catalogues, as the Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (CPTI15) that, with this analysis, passed from 12 to 57 earthquakes with macroseismic parametrization. We also extended back by 6 years the coverage of the instrumental catalogue, homogenizing the estimated seismic parameters. The obtained catalogue will not only represent a solid base for future local hazard quantifications, but also it provides the unique opportunity of characterizing the evolution of the Ischia seismicity over centuries. To this end, we analyse the spatial, temporal, and magnitude distributions of Ischia seismicity, revealing for example that, also in the present long-lasting period of volcanic quiescence, is significantly non-stationary and characterized by a b-value larger than 1.
    Description: This work benefited of the agreement between Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 629736
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia island ; Volcano seismicity ; Seismic catalogue ; Completeness analysis ; Ensemble modelling ; Frequency size distribution ; Poisson process ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.02. Data dissemination ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
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    Joint Seismic and Gravity Data Inversion to Image Intra-Crustal Structures: The Ivrea Geophysical Body Along the Val Sesia Profile (Piedmont, Italy) (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Description: We present results from a joint inversion of new seismic and recently compiled gravity data to constrain the structure of a prominent geophysical anomaly in the European Alps: the Ivrea Geophysical Body (IGB). We investigate the IGB structure along the West-East oriented Val Sesia profile at higher resolution than previous studies. We deployed 10 broadband seismic stations at 5 km spacing for 27 months, producing a new database of ∼1000 high-quality seismic receiver functions (RFs). The compiled gravity data yields 1 gravity point every 1–2 km along the profile. We set up an inversion scheme, in which RFs and gravity anomalies jointly constrain the shape and the physical properties of the IGB. We model the IGB’s top surface as a single density and shear-wave velocity discontinuity, whose geometry is defined by four, spatially variable nodes between far-field constraints. An iterative algorithm was implemented to efficiently explore the model space, directing the search toward better fitting areas. For each new candidate model, we use the velocity-model structures for both ray-tracing and observed-RFs migration, and for computation and migration of synthetic RFs: the two migrated images are then compared via cross-correlation. Similarly, forward gravity modeling for a 2D density distribution is implemented. The joint inversion performance is the product of the seismic and gravity misfits. The inversion results show the IGB protruding at shallow depths with a horizontal width of ∼30 km in the western part of the profile. Its shallowest segment reaches either 3–7 or 1–3 km depth below sea-level. The latter location fits better the outcropping lower crustal rocks at the western edge of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone. A prominent, steep eastward-deepening feature near the middle of the profile, coincident with the Pogallo Fault Zone, is interpreted as inherited crustal thickness variation. The found density and velocity contrasts of the IGB agree with physical properties of the main rock units observed in the field. Finally, by frequency-dependent analysis of RFs, we constrain the sharpness of the shallowest portion of the IGB velocity discontinuity as a vertical gradient of thickness between 0.8 km and 0.4 km.
    Description: The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) supported this research (grant numbers PP00P2_157627 and PP00P2_187199 of project OROG3NY), as well as the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (No. 21-25710). The project CzechGeo/EPOS No. LM2015079 of the MEYS funded the MOBNET station pool.
    Description: Published
    Description: 671412
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: joint inversion ; seismic receiver functions ; gravity anomalies ; Ivrea Geophysical Body ; Ivrea-Verbano Zone ; continental crust ; intra-crustal structure ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 26
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    Integrated on‐land‐offshore stratigraphy of the Campi Flegrei caldera: new insights into the volcano‐tectonic evolution in the last 15 kyr (2021)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: Silicic calderas are volcanic systems whose unrest evolution is more unpredictable than other volcano types because they often do not culminate in an eruption. Their complex structure strongly influences the post-collapse volcano-tectonic evolution, usually coupling volcanism and ground deformation. Among such volcanoes, the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is one of the most studied. Significant long- and short-term ground deformations characterize this restless volcano. Several studies performed on the marinecontinental succession exposed in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera provided a reconstruction of ground deformation during the last 15 kyr. However, considering that over one-third of the caldera is presently submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Gulf, a comprehensive stratigraphic on-land-offshore framework is still lacking. This study aims at reconstructing the offshore succession through analysis of high-resolution single and multichannel reflection seismic profiles and correlates the resulting seismic stratigraphic framework with the stratigraphy reconstructed on-land. Results provide new clues on the causative relations between the intra-caldera marine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and the alternating phases of marine transgressions and regressions originated by the interplay between ground deformation and sea-level rise. The volcano-tectonic reconstruction, provided in this work, connects the major caldera floor movements to the large Plinian eruptions of Pomici Principali (12 ka) and Agnano Monte Spina (4.55 ka), with the onset of the first post-caldera doming at ~10.5 ka. We emphasize that ground deformation is usually coupled with volcanic activity, which shows a self-similar pattern, regardless of its scale. Thus, characterizing the long-term deformation history becomes of particular interest and relevance for hazard assessment and definition of future unrest scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 855-882
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: offshore stratigraphy ; seismic units ; La Starza succession ; volcanism, ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
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  • 27
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    Fine‐Scale Structure of the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence From Data Recorded at the Italian National Network (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-25
    Description: We explore the three‐dimensional structure of the 2016–2017 Central Italy sequence using ~34,000 ML ≥ 1.5 earthquakes that occurred between August 2016 and January 2018. We applied cross‐correlation and double‐difference location methods to waveform and parametric data routinely produced at the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The sequence activated an 80 km long system of normal faults and near‐horizontal detachment faults through the MW 6.0 Amatrice, the MW 5.9 Visso, and the MW 6.5 Norcia mainshocks and aftershocks. The system has an average strike of N155°E and dips 38°–55° southwestward and is segmented into 15–30 km long faults individually activated by the cascade of MW ≥ 5.0 shocks. The two main normal fault segments, Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove to the North and Mt. della Laga to the South, are separated by an NNE‐SSW‐trending lateral ramp of the Sibillini thrust, a regional structure inherited from the previous compressional tectonic phase putting into contact diverse lithologies with different seismicity patterns. Space‐time reconstruction of the fault system supports a composite rupture scenario previously proposed for the MW 6.5 Norcia earthquake, where the rupture possibly propagated also along an oblique portion of the Sibillini thrust. This dissected set of normal fault segments is bounded at 8–10 km depth by a continuous 2 km thick seismicity layer of extensional nature slightly dipping eastward and interpreted as a shear zone. All three mainshocks in the sequence nucleated along the high‐angle planes at significant distance from the shear zone, thus complicating the interpretation of the mechanisms driving strain partitioning between these structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2019JB018440
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: normal fault ; shear zone ; fault segmentation ; apennines ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 28
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    Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS) (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: The response of continental forelands to subduction and collision is a widely investigated topic in geodynamics. The deformation occurring within a foreland shared by two opposite‐verging chains, however, is uncommon and poorly understood. The Apulia Swell in the southern end of the Adria microplate (Africa‐Europe plate boundary, central Mediterranean Sea) represents one of these cases, as it is the common foreland of the SW verging Albanides‐Hellenides and the NE verging Southern Apennines merging into the SSE verging Calabrian Arc. We investigated the internal deformation of the Apulia Swell using multiscale geophysical data: multichannel seismic profiles recording up to 12‐s two‐way time (TWT) for a consistent image of the upper crust; high‐resolution multichannel seismic profiles, high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles acquired by R/V OGS Explora to constrain the Quaternary geological record. The results of our analyses characterize the geometry of the South Apulia Fault System (SAFS), a 100‐km‐long and 12‐km‐wide structure attesting an extensional (and possibly transtensional) response of the foreland to the two contractional fronts. The SAFS consists of two NW‐SE right‐stepping master faults and several secondary structures. The SAFS activity spans from the Early Pleistocene through the Holocene, as testified by the bathymetric and high‐resolution seismic data, with long‐term slip rates in the range of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Considering the position within an area with few or none other active faults in the surroundings, the dimension, and the activity rates, the SAFS can be a candidate causative fault of the 20 February 1743, M 6.7, earthquake.
    Description: Italian Ministry for Education, University, and Research (MIUR), Premiale 2014 D. M. 291 03/05/2016.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020TC006116
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: active tectonics ; apulia ; south apulia fault system ; 1743 earthquake ; marine geology ; stable continental region ; ionian sea ; active faults ; subsurface geology ; seismic interpretation ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
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  • 29
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    New coring study in Augusta Bay expands understanding of offshore tsunami deposits (Eastern Sicily, Italy) (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: Tsunami deposits present an important archive for understanding tsunami histories and dynamics. Most research in this field has focused on onshore preserved remains, while the offshore deposits have received less attention. In 2009, during a coring campaign with theItalian Navy Magnaghi, four 1 m long gravity cores (MG cores) were sampled from the northern part of Augusta Bay, along a transect in 60 to 110 m water depth. These cores were taken in the same area where a core (MS06) was collected in 2007 about 2.3 km offshore Augusta at a water depth of 72 m below sea level. Core MS06 consisted of a 6.7 m long sequence that included 12 anomalous intervals interpreted as the primary effect of tsunami backwash waves in the last 4500 years. In this study, tsunami deposits were identified, based on sedimentology and displaced benthic foraminifera (as for core MS06) reinforced by X-ray fluorescence data. Two erosional surfaces (L1 and L2) were recognized coupled with grain size increase, abundant Posidonia oceanica seagrass remains and a significant amount of Nubecularia lucifuga, an epiphytic sessile benthic foraminifera considered to be transported from the inner shelf. The occurrence of Ti/Ca and Ti/Sr increments, coinciding with peaks in organic matter (Mo inc/coh) suggests terrestrial run-off coupled with an input of organic matter. The L1 and L2 horizons were attributed to two distinct historical tsunamis (AD 1542 and AD 1693) by indirect age-estimation methods using 210Pb profiles and the comparison of Volume Magnetic Susceptibility data between MG cores and MS06 cores. One most recent bioturbated horizon (Bh), despite not matching the above listed interpretative features, recorded an important palaeoenvironmental change that may correspond to the AD 1908 tsunami. These findings reinforce the value of offshore sediment records as an underutilized resource for the identification of past tsunamis.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1553-1576
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Eastern Sicily ; tsunami ; foraminifera ; sedimentology ; XRF core scanning ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 30
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    Homogenization in Terms of Mw of Local Magnitudes of Italian Earthquakes That Occurred before 1981 (2018)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: In the last two decades, several studies addressed the revaluation and homogenization of the Italian instrumental seismic catalog, but all of them refer to the time interval from 1981, that is, the starting year of the Catalogo Strumentale dei Terremoti Italiani (CSTI). At the time, the CSTI was conceived as the continuation of the catalog of the Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica (PFG) but, over time, the PFG catalog was almost totally forgotten, and presently it is even difficult to obtain because it is not provided by any website. In this work, we integrate a genuine copy of PFG, with additional locations from the bulletins of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING, now known as INGV) and of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and with local magnitudes from two couples of Wood–Anderson (WA) seismometers operational in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly derived from a careful scrutiny of paper bulletins of the Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale (OGS) and of the ING. We restrict our analysis to the time interval from 1960 to 1980 because, based on various evidence, we can infer that within such period most instrumental magnitudes reported by the PFG catalog are reasonably coherent with the Richter’s definition. Magnitudes provided by WA stations and other data sources are calibrated with respect to Mw by general orthogonal regressions. The final catalog from 1960 to 1980 contains 8536 earthquakes, of which we compute a true or proxy Mw magnitude with related uncertainty for 6407. The analysis of the frequency–magnitude distribution indicates completeness for about Mw ≥4:0. This work extends the time coverage of the Italian instrumental catalog to about 55 yrs before the present, allowing the statistical study of some important seismic periods that occurred, for example, in 1962 (Irpinia), 1968 (Belice Valley), 1976 (Friuli), 1979 (Umbria), and 1980 (Irpinia).
    Description: Published
    Description: 481–492
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: local magnitude ; magnitude homogenization ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Gempa Nusantara: A New Digital Database of Felt Intensity for Historical Earthquakes in the Indonesian Archipelago (2018)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-08
    Description: Seismicity during Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia between 1800 and 1939 is poorly catalogued with existing summaries (e.g. Newcomb & McCann, 1987) too brief for further quantitative assessment such as the calculation of intensity magnitudes (MI). We focus on this period in Indonesian history, collating and analysing reports from official documents and newspapers from the erstwhile Dutch East Indies. We scrutinize these for macroseismic intensity using the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). This scale is closely related to the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale but is associated with better guidelines with which to assess damage to built-up environments. Our approach enables us to uniformly assess felt intensities from Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo along with instances of perceived shaking from the eastern Indonesian archipelago, and from the Malay peninsula including Singapore. Building upon previous work (Martin et al., 2015), we corelate our data, when possible, with regional, and teleseismic instrumental observations. This allows us to discriminate, for example, a possible M~6 doublet in the region of South Sumatra in 1908. Felt effects in west Malaysia and Singapore from numerous earthquakes in Sumatra were also collected, and unexpectedly, we found two widely felt earthquakes in Singapore in 1922 that likely originated in the region of the southern Malaya peninsula. All our observations contribute to a database named Gempa Nusantara which roughly translates to earthquakes (gempa) in the Indonesian archipelago (nusantara) in Bahasa Indonesia. This database uses a web application called MIDOP (Macroseismic Intensity Data Online Publisher) which is an open-source program written in PHP that has been previously utilized to publish intensity data in Europe (Locati et al., 2014). In our study we extend the capabilities of the MIDOP application further, particularly in equatorial regions, and use it to manage our data from historical Indonesian earthquakes.
    Description: Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University
    Description: Published
    Description: Miami, Florida, United States of America
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: historical seismology ; macroseismic intensity ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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    A metagenomic assessment of winter and summer bacterioplankton from Antarctica Peninsula coastal surface waters (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in The ISME Journal 6 (2012): 1901-1915, doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.31.
    Description: Antarctic surface oceans are well-studied during summer when irradiance levels are high, sea ice is melting and primary productivity is at a maximum. Coincident with this timing, the bacterioplankton respond with significant increases in secondary productivity. Little is known about bacterioplankton in winter when darkness and sea-ice cover inhibit photoautotrophic primary production. We report here an environmental genomic and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) analysis of winter and summer Antarctic Peninsula coastal seawater bacterioplankton. Intense inter-seasonal differences were reflected through shifts in community composition and functional capacities encoded in winter and summer environmental genomes with significantly higher phylogenetic and functional diversity in winter. In general, inferred metabolisms of summer bacterioplankton were characterized by chemoheterotrophy, photoheterotrophy and aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis while the winter community included the capacity for bacterial and archaeal chemolithoautotrophy. Chemolithoautotrophic pathways were dominant in winter and were similar to those recently reported in global ‘dark ocean’ mesopelagic waters. If chemolithoautotrophy is widespread in the Southern Ocean in winter, this process may be a previously unaccounted carbon sink and may help account for the unexplained anomalies in surface inorganic nitrogen content.
    Description: CSR was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biological Informatics (DBI-0532893). The research was supported by National Science Foundation awards: ANT 0632389 (to AEM and JJG), and ANT 0632278 and 0217282 (to HWD), all from the Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program.
    Keywords: Antarctic bacterioplankton ; Metagenomics ; Chemolithoautotrophy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/msword
    Format: application/pdf
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