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  • Books  (4,558)
  • Project Gutenberg  (1,599)
  • Presses universitaires de Rennes  (1,388)
  • Berlin : Akad.-Verl.  (1,207)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Oxford University Press
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  • 1
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    Towards a Vigilant Society (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Towards a Vigilant Society sheds light on the emergence of a new society of vigilance, in particular the actions of anti-migrant groups around Dover and Calais. Based on field research on both sides of the channel, it studies the dynamics of these groups – midway between a social movement and vigilantism – at these two key points in the international migration route between the European Union and the United Kingdom. In recent years, a series of anti-migrant groups have been mobilising on both sides of the Channel to counter migrations. Their actions range from demonstrations, to violence against migrants. And by staging their actions on social media, which is an extraordinary sounding board, these groups can build an online community and a mass audience, influencing public opinion and even the migration policies of states.
    Keywords: Vigilantism Citizen participation in policing Securitisation Social reaction to migration Anti-migrant groups Far-right social movements Calais Dover Neighbourhood watches ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    City of Equals (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: When we think about equality in the city, we are very likely to think first of the wide and growing divide between rich and poor, in material terms. Yet when we think more about a 'city of equals' it becomes apparent that how people feel treated by the city and those around them, and whether they can live according to their values, are much more central. Accordingly, combining their own reflections, a multi-disciplinary literature review, and, distinctively, more than 180 interviews in 10 cities in 6 countries, Wolff and de Shalit have derived an account of a city of equals based on the idea that it should give each of its city-zens a secure sense of place or belonging. Four underlying values structure this account. First, access to the goods and services of the city should not be based purely on the market. Second, each person should be able to live a life they find meaningful. Third, there should be diversity and wide social mixing. Fourth, there should be 'non-deferential inclusion': each person should be able to get access to what they are entitled to without being treated as less worthy than others. They should be able to enjoy their rights without bowing and scraping, waiting longer than others, or going through special bureaucratic hurdles. In sum, in a city of equals each person is proud of their city and has the (justified) feeling that their city is proud of (people like) them.
    Keywords: cities, equality, inequality, relational equality, equality in the city, inclusion, diversity, social mixing, public reflective equilibrium, urban political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The Ethics of Surveillance in Times of Emergency (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Covid-19 pandemic is arguably the first international emergency of the twenty-first century. In order to respond to this emergency, countries and governments around the world were forced to engage in a range of actions and policies that would not otherwise have been permitted. Looking in particular at the use of surveillance technologies, this book examines the challenge of ethics in emergencies. What can states do to keep their populations safe, what can citizens expect of their governments, and when are those government actions unjustified? By looking at the use of surveillance in times of emergency, this book explores ethical, philosophical, political, and social concepts, challenges them, and offers a set of views on where those concepts may evolve into the future. As a global population, we will be faced with emergencies, and it is possible that these will also be global in their impact. The ethics of surveillance in times of emergency is both of its time, and ongoing; we must learn our lessons from the last emergency, to be prepared for the next ones.
    Keywords: applied ethics, surveillance, emergency ethics, pandemics, public health ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    What Is Structural Injustice? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: What is Structural Injustice? is the first edited collection to bring together the voices of leading structural injustice scholars from politics, philosophy and law to explore the concept of structural injustice which has now become a central feature of all three disciplines and is considered by many to be a ‘field of study.’ The volume features specially selected original and essential works on structural injustice. The volume provides a range of disciplinary, ontological and epistemological perspectives on what structural injustice is and includes feminist and post-colonial theories to interrogate how structural injustice exacerbates and reproduces existing inequalities and relations of power. This book aims to become a touchstone text for those interested in the different ways we can understand structural injustice, how it manifests, how it relates to other forms of injustice, who is responsible for its redress and the different ways we might go about it. This book will appeal to a wide audience of students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as the general academic population, experts on structural injustice, interested practitioners in politics and members of the public.
    Keywords: " Structural injustice, politics, philosophy, law, ontology, epistemology, feminism, power, historical injustice. " ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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  • 5
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    Just Prospering? Plato and the Sophistic Debate about Justice (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book argues that Plato’s Republic must be understood as developing out of a 5th Century sophistic debate. In Part One the author presents a new analysis of the sophists and their extant texts addressing the important topics of justice and its value. This part shows that already in the 5th Century there was a robust debate about whether the just or unjust life was better for the self-interested individual, and that multiple sophistic authors made inventive and philosophically sophisticated arguments on both sides of this debate. The Moral Cynics argues that the intelligent individual was better off being unjust, whereas the Friends of Justice defended the idea that the just life was better for human beings. Part Two argues that Plato was very much aware of this debate and that in a number of dialogues—but most importantly in Republic—he engaged with this debate. The immoralist challenge that Glaucon and Adeimantus pose to Socrates early in Republic draws from the arguments of the 5th Century Moral Cynics and moreover identifies problems with the arguments of the 5th Century Friends of Justice. By having Socrates make an argument that overcomes the theoretical weaknesses of the earlier Friends of Justice, Plato is able to pose a new defence of justice that is more effective at responding to the Moral Cynics. The book’s analysis of Republic suggests new readings for certain important passages, such as the division of goods.
    Keywords: Justice Prospering [εὐδαιμονία] Plato The Sophists The History of Moral and Political Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAB Methods, theory and philosophy of law ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3C BCE period – Protohistory ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings: Oceans and seas, historical, political etc::1QB Historical states, empires, territories and regions::1QBA Ancient World::1QBAG Ancient Greece
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  • 6
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    Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural presents a summa of current and classic theorizing on religion and the supernatural in relationship to the land and develops this theorizing further by confronting it with a rich set of folkloristic and historical data. Focusing on the themes of “time and memory,” “repeating patterns,” “identity formation,” “morality,” “labor,” “playfulness and adventure,” “power and subversion,” “sound,” “emotions,” “coping with contingency,” “home and unhomeliness,” and “nature and environment,” the book engages with a broad range of theoretical concepts and approaches from the interdisciplinary field of landscape theory and the study of religions. It brings this theorizing into dialogue with the rich culture of local storytelling and landscape-related traditional beliefs of the Strandir district of the Icelandic Westfjords. In this rural region, landscape-related traditions have been collected since the early nineteenth century and continue to be important to this day. Confronting this rich heritage with the insights of landscape theory both in and beyond the study of religions allows important new contributions to theorizing landscape and religion, especially when it comes to considering the perspectives on landscape held by rural populations rather than the urban upper classes that have stood in the focus of research to date. The example of the Icelandic Westfjords shows the extreme richness of religious and supernatural approaches to the landscape that can be developed in rural communities, and how they are significantly and characteristically different from the urban perspectives of literature and the arts.
    Keywords: landscape, religion, supernatural, space, place, folklore, folk belief, Iceland ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTP Historical geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples
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  • 7
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    Politics and the Urban Frontier (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the rise of global technocratic ideals of city-making, cities around the world are not merging into indistinguishable duplicates of one another. In fact, as the world urbanizes, urban formations remain diverse in their socio-economic and spatial characteristics, with varying potential to foster economic development and social justice. This book argues that these differences are primarily rooted in politics, and if we continue to view cities as economic and technological projects to be managed rather than terrains of political bargaining and contestation, the quest for better urban futures is doomed to fail. Dominant critical approaches to urban development tend to explain difference with reference to the variegated impacts of neoliberal regulatory institutions. This, however, neglects the multiple ways in which the wider politics of capital accumulation and distribution drive divergent forms of transformation in different urban places. In order to unpack the politics that shapes differential urban development, this book focuses on East Africa as the global urban frontier: the least urbanized but fastest urbanizing region in the world. Drawing on a decade of research spanning three case-study countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda), Politics and the Urban Frontier provides the first sustained, book-length comparative analysis of urban development trajectories in Eastern Africa and the political dynamics underpinning them. Through a focus on infrastructure investment, urban propertyscapes, street-level trading economies, and urban political protest, it offers a multi-scalar, historically grounded, and interdisciplinary analysis of the urban transformations unfolding in the world’s most dynamic crucible of urban change.
    Keywords: urban development, East Africa, comparative urban politics, late urbanization, infrastructure, planning, protest, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography::RGCM Economic geography
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  • 8
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    Social Democratic Capitalism (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: What configuration of institutions and policies is most conducive to human flourishing? The historical and comparative evidence suggests that the answer is social democratic capitalism — a democratic political system, a capitalist economy, good elementary and secondary schooling, a big welfare state, pro-employment public services, and moderate regulation of product and labor markets. Lane Kenworthy shows that this system improves living standards for the least well-off, enhances economic security, and boosts equality of opportunity. And it does so without sacrificing other things we want in a good society, from liberty to economic growth to health and happiness. Its chief practitioners have been the Nordic nations. The Nordics have gone farther than other rich democratic countries in coupling a big welfare state with public services that promote high employment and modest product- and labor-market regulations. Many believe this system isn’t transferable beyond Scandinavia, but Kenworthy shows that social democratic capitalism and its successes can be replicated in other affluent nations, including the United States. Today, the U.S. lags behind other countries in economic security, opportunity, and shared prosperity. If the U.S. expanded existing social programs and added some additional ones, many Americans would have better lives. Kenworthy argues that, despite formidable political obstacles, the U.S. is likely to move toward social democratic capitalism in coming decades. As a country gets richer, he explains, it becomes more willing to spend more in order to safeguard against risk and enhance fairness. He lays out a detailed policy agenda that could alleviate many of America’s problems.
    Keywords: Social democratic capitalism, American politics, comparative politics, Western European politics, democracy, capitalism, welfare state, economic reform, regulation, economic equality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
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  • 9
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    Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Languages are central to the creation and expression of identities and cultures, as well as to life itself, yet the linguistic variegation of the later-Roman and post-imperial period in the Roman West is remarkably understudied. A deeper understanding of this important issue is crucial to any reconstruction of the broader story of linguistic continuity and change in Europe and the Mediterranean, as well as to the history of the communities who wrote, read, and spoke Latin and other languages. In spite of intensive study of culture and ethnic identity in late antiquity, language has often been neglected, a neglect encouraged by the disciplinary boundaries between linguists and historians, Romanists, and medievalists. There is no single volume that sets out the main developments, key features, and debates of the later-Roman and post-imperial linguistic environment. The linguistic landscapes of the late-Roman and post-imperial West are difficult to uncover and describe, while attempts to speak across disciplinary divides are challenging. The contributors have tackled this subject by offering detailed coverage of the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, Gaul, the Germanies, Britain, and Ireland. This volume, the third in the LatinNow series, helps readers to understand better the embeddedness, or not, of Latin, at different social levels and across provinces, to consider (socio)linguistic variegation, bilingualism and multilingualism, and attitudes towards languages, and to confront the complex role of language in the communities, identities, and cultures of the later and post-imperial Roman West.
    Keywords: early middle ages, Gaul, the Germanies, Iberian Peninsula, later Roman world, Latin, local language, sociolinguistics, western provinces ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
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  • 10
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    Gauge theory of elementary particle physics (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Students of particle physics often find it difficult to locate resources to learn calculational techniques. Intermediate steps are not usually given in the research literature. To a certain extent, this is also the case even in some of the textbooks. In this book of worked problems we have made an effort to provide enough details so that a student starting in the field will understand the solution in each case. Our hope is that with this step-by-step guidance, students (after first attempting the solution themselves) can develop their skill, and confidence in their ability, to work out particle theory problems.
    Keywords: nuclear physics, mathematical and statistical physics, pure mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
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  • 11
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    Babies in Groups (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Babies in Groups examines the consequences for science, for childcare policy, and for adult psychotherapy, of findings that young babies capably enjoy participating in groups. The authors’ research on preverbal infants’ capacities for group-communication in all-baby trios and quartets opens up new ways of imagining human development as fundamentally group-based. Babies in Groups highlights the changes a group-based vision of infancy brings to early child education and care by documenting the transformative consequences of introducing group-based practices into a high-quality childcare service in rural Australia. The book also examines the ways in which the belief that one-to-one infant-adult ‘attachments’ grounds human development unnecessarily narrows understanding of human potential, and slants scientific research. This examination culminates by showing how ignoring group contexts in many clinical traditions can distort descriptions of what happens in therapy, producing such unintended consequences as ‘mother-blaming’ for the future problems an infant may experience as she or he grows up.
    Keywords: attachment theory; childcare; childcare policy; cultural criticism; dyadic vision; early education; group psychology; human evolution; intersubjectivity; psychotherapy. ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
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  • 12
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    The Politics of Revenue Bargaining in Africa (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This book examines the politics of revenue bargaining in Africa in a time when attention to domestic revenue mobilisation has expanded immensely. Measures to increase taxes and other revenues can -but do not always- lead to a process of bargaining, where revenue providers negotiate for some kind of a return. This book offers in-depth analyses of micro-instances of revenue bargaining across five African countries: Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. All case studies draw on a common theoretical framework combining the fiscal contract theory with the political settlement approach, which enables a systematic exploration into what triggers revenue bargaining; how these processes unfold; and finally, if and when they reach an agreement (whether a fiscal contract or not). From the empirically rich case narratives emerges a story of how power and initial bargaining position influence not only whether bargaining emerges in the first place, but also the processes and their outcomes. Less resourceful taxpayers are in a more difficult position to raise their voice, but in some cases even these groups manage to ally with other civil society groups to protest against tax reforms they perceive as unfair. Indirect taxes such as VAT often trigger protests, and so do sudden changes in tax practices. Revenue providers rarely call for improved services in return for paying tax, which would be expected to nurture the foundation for a fiscal social contract. Instead, revenue providers are more likely to negotiate for tax reductions, implying that governments’ effort to increase revenue is impeded. We do find many instances of state-society reciprocity when ruling elites try to be responsive to revenue providers’ demands. Hence, this book gives insight into the nature and dynamics not only of revenue bargaining but of policy-making in general as well as the implications hereof for state-society reciprocity in Africa.
    Keywords: Revenue bargaining; fiscal contract; political settlement; Africa; taxation; state-society relations; political economy; domestic revenue mobilisation; reciprocity; comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    The Practical Playbook III (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Every day, two or three women die because of pregnancy or childbirth. Nearly 80% of these deaths are preventable. These outcomes disproportionately impact racialized populations, including Black and Indigenous women, who are two to three times more likely to die. The Practical Playbook III: Working Together to Improve Maternal Health is a guide for maternal health stakeholders (like researchers, community activists, providers, and advocates) offering practical tools and strategies to address inequities in maternal health services and outcomes. With contributions from more than 150 authors, each chapter offers a different strategy that stakeholders can apply to improve maternal health in their community. The 50 chapters are divided into six main sections: Section I, Introduction; Section II, Collaborations; Section III, Equity; Section IV, Data; Section V, Innovations; and Section VI, Systems and Scalability. The chapters focus on ways to save mothers by centering equity, collaborating with people with lived experience, building better data systems, piloting and expanding innovations, and leveraging resources to scale and sustain what works. Throughout the book, readers encounter stories from women and birthing people that bring the problems and solutions into better focus. The editors are committed to continuing to share information about initiatives that are moving the needle through our online platforms.
    Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Maternal Morbidity Racial Disparities, maternal health equity, maternal health stakeholders, playbook, Maternal Health Data, Collaboration, Innovation, Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKC Gynaecology and obstetrics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics
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    Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland presents comparative case studies of clock time from Fiji and Finland in order to ask what other values is time capable of expressing besides monetary worth – what “else” can time be besides money? Time is a highly particular vehicle for different considerations of what is good or important, but it is also one which is deployed at different settings with surprisingly little consideration for the specificity of this particular a value form. This book looks into the different ways in which time is deployed in value projects in Fiji and Finland, not just to point out the various possible ways of allocating value to time, but to show that European clock-time, just like its Oceanic counterparts, requires a great deal of conceptual work to make it serve as vehicle of valuation. The cases analysed in the book range from considerations of rank and conspicuous leisure in Fiji to Finnish timebanking, taxation, and university auditing.
    Keywords: Fiji, Finland, time, value, anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PG Astronomy, space & time::PGZ Time (chronology), time systems & standards ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology
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  • 15
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    The Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) fosters structural transformations throughout the Americas. This collection of analyses builds upon the studies on Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina and Latin American transformative constitutionalism to map out both the ground-level human rights impact of the IAHRS and the institutional characteristics that have enabled such fundamental changes in social reality. The volume starts with essays framing the concept and context of IAHRS impact. Then it navigates thematic analyses on specific rights and types of violations that are front and center to the protection of human rights in Latin America. The concluding essays explore whether and how it is possible to optimize the actions of the Inter-American System, indicating possible paths to increase positive human rights impact. The editors contend that the IAHRS victim-centric approach, community of practice, and openness to institutional reinvention have enabled it to create a virtuous cycle that catalyzes human rights in the Americas, furthering democracy and the Rule of Law throughout the continent.
    Keywords: Inter-American System, impact, human rights, Transformative Constitutionalism, Latin America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBZ Public international law: criminal law ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KL Latin America – Mexico, Central America, South America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR Public international law: human rights
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  • 16
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    The Nature of Physical Computation (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computing systems are everywhere today. Even the brain is thought to be a sort of computing system. But what does it mean to say that a given organ or system computes? What is it about laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems that they are deemed to compute, and why does it seldom occur to us to describe stomachs, hurricanes, rocks, or chairs that way? The book provides an extended argument for the semantic view of computation, which states that semantic properties are involved in the nature of computing systems. Laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems compute because they are accompanied by representations. Stomachs, hurricanes, and rocks, for instance, which do not have semantic properties, do not compute. The first part of the book argues that the linkage between the mathematical theory of computability and the notion of physical computation is weak. Theoretical notions such as algorithms, effective procedure, program, and automaton play only a minor role in identifying physical computation. The second part of the book reviews three influential accounts of physical computation and argues that while none of these accounts is satisfactory, each of them highlights certain key features of physical computation. The final part of the book develops and argues for a semantic account of physical computation and offers a characterization of computational explanations.
    Keywords: Metaphysics; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic; Philosophy of Computational Science; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Latinization is a strangely overlooked topic. Historians have noted it has been ‘taken for granted’ and viewed as an unremarkable by-product of ‘Romanization’, despite its central importance for understanding the Roman provincial world, its life and languages. This volume aims to fill the gap in our scholarship, along with its sister volumes, Latinization, Local Languages and Literacies in the Roman West and Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces, all outputs of the European Research Council-funded LatinNow project. Experts have been selected to create a multidisciplinary volume with a thematic approach to the vast subject, tackling administration, army, economy, law, mobility, religion (local and imperial religions and Christianity), social status, and urbanism. They situate the phenomena of Latinization, literacy, bi-, and multilingualism within local and broader social developments and draw together materials and arguments that have not before been coordinated in a single volume. The result is a comprehensive guide to the theme, which also offers original and more experimental work. The sociolinguistic, historical, and archaeological contributions reinforce, expand, and sometimes challenge our vision of Latinization and lay the foundations for future explorations.
    Keywords: army, economy, education, law, Latinization, mobility, religion, Roman western provinces, sociolinguistics, status, urbanism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Language: English
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    Responsibility and Healthcare (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Questions of responsibility arise at all levels of health care. Most prominent has been the issue of patient responsibility. Some health conditions that risk death or serious harm are partly the result of lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, lack of exercise, or extreme sports. Are patients with such conditions responsible for them? If so, might healthcare providers, be they state-run systems or private entities, be justified in treating such patients differently? And if they are, which forms of differential treatment are justified? Responsibility isn’t just relevant for patients. Even when individuals affect their health through voluntary behaviour, other influences are also at work before, during, and after the patient’s interaction with the health care system. What are the responsibilities of individual clinicians and other medical professionals, when thinking about individual and public health? What about institutions such as governments or national health care services, or society as a whole? This collection brings together work by world-renowned experts in population ethics, distributive justice, philosophy of action, cognitive science, and medical ethics in order to push the debate forward by elucidating our understanding of these questions, their possible answers, and how they are related.
    Keywords: responsibility, health, health care, ethics, medical ethics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law::LNTJ Public health and safety law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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    Access to Power (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Pakistan would desperately like to produce enough electricity, but it usually doesn’t. This is the rare issue on which government and private sector can unite, and it is the cause of suffering for rich and poor alike across the entirety of the country. Despite prioritization by successive governments, targeted reforms shaped by international development actors, and featuring prominently in Chinese Belt and Road Investments, the Pakistani power sector still stifles economic and social life across the country. This book explores state capacity in Pakistan by following the material infrastructure of electricity across the provinces and down into cities and homes. It argues that the national challenges of budgetary constraints and power shortages directly result from conscious strategic decisions that are integral to Pakistan’s infrastructural state. Electricity shortages are one of the many poor governance outcomes characteristic of low- and middle-income countries. Standard development thinking points to an absence of institutions in comparison with an idealized and distant other country, with governance reform programs formulated accordingly. However, an orientation toward what Pakistan is not takes us away from how it actually functions and to whose benefit. Electricity governance in Pakistan reinforces relations of power between provinces and the federal center, contributes to the marginalization of subordinate groups in the city, and orients citizens toward a patronage-based relationship with the state through encounters with street-level bureaucrats. Looking through the lens of the electrical power sector reveals how Pakistan works, and for whom.
    Keywords: state capacity, infrastructure, electricity, Pakistan, urban, ethnography, institutions, political economy, development, China–Pakistan Economic Corridor ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
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    Would Democratic Socialism Be Better? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
    Keywords: capitalism, socialism, Nordic model, poverty, employment, democracy, equality, inclusion, community ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
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    Mental Imagery (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about mental imagery and the important work it does in our mental life. It plays a crucial role in the vast majority of our perceptual episodes. It also helps us understand many of the most puzzling features of perception (like the way it is influenced in a top-down manner and the way different sense modalities interact). But mental imagery also plays a very important role in emotions, action execution, and even in our desires. In sum, there are very few mental phenomena that mental imagery doesn’t show up in—in some way or other. The hope is that if we understand what mental imagery is, how it works and how it is related to other mental phenomena, we can make real progress on a number of important questions about the mind. This book aims at an interdisciplinary audience. As it aims to combine philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to understand mental imagery, I have not presupposed any prior knowledge in any of these disciplines. As a result, readers with no background in any of these disciplines can also follow the arguments.
    Keywords: mental imagery, imagination, perception, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRP Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Fictions narratives au xxie siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Si le récit reste aujourd’hui fragile dans son retour en grâce, si le réel reste difficile à appréhender par la narration, la fiction peut-elle se glisser dans cet entre-deux ? La fiction peut-elle offrir des formes narratives et discursives inédites ? Peut-elle trouver dans la narration, dont l’attirance cependant doublée de dérision distanciée chez les écrivains d’aujourd’hui se fait nettement sentir, un support générique acceptable ou bien se cherche-t-elle, par l’entremise, et la mise en œuvre d’autres sémiotiques, une échappée belle à la croisée d’autres genres, d’autres supports ? Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité́, en somme, de son renouveau ou de sa survie ? Le présent recueil, issu d’une réflexion collective sur les grandes déterminations linguistiques et formelles des fictions narratives française du xxie siècle, tente donc de dégager les spécificités des écritures contemporaines de fiction par rapport aux écritures narratives du xxe siècle.
    Keywords: littérature ; littérature contemporaine ; narration ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Le mouvement hibiste (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au début du siècle dernier, le sultan du Maroc vient de signer un traité qui place désormais son pays sous le protectorat de la France (30 mars 1912). À l’ombre du maréchal Lyautey, un sultan de substitution, totalement soumis aux nouveaux maîtres français, a été proclamé. Cependant, nombreux sont ceux qui, au Maroc, refusent le fait accompli et se révoltent face à la mainmise étrangère sur le pays. Ainsi, dans le Sud marocain, Moulay Ahmed el Hiba, fils d’un marabout ouest-saharien (Ma el Aïnin), se fait proclamer sultan du Jihad en 1912 ; une première fois à Tiznit, la seconde à Marrakech. Ces événements ont donné naissance à un mouvement qui pendant plus de vingt ans (1912-1934) symbolisera pour ces populations berbères et ouest-sahariennes la résistance à l’avancée inéluctable des troupes coloniales françaises et espagnoles. Fondée sur une analyse croisée d’archives inédites, aussi bien françaises que marocaines, l’auteur fait la lumière sur un événement fondateur de la conquête coloniale du Maroc. Mythifiée, récupérée ou occultée, la figure fondatrice du mouvement hibiste est encore aujourd’hui le sujet d’un conflit mémoriel ayant pour objet l’Ouest saharien.
    Keywords: Berbères ; colonialisme ; protectorat ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: French
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    Les juifs italiens de Tunisie pendant le fascisme (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Terre de mélanges culturels et de politiques coloniales, la Tunisie a attiré de l’Europe des courants d’immigrations aussi bien que des visées impérialistes. La trajectoire des Juifs italiens, dits Livournais, s’inscrit au carrefour de ces axes. Une communauté enracinée en Tunisie depuis le xviie siècle, mais toujours assimilée au monde européen. Une population cosmopolite, mais jalousement attachée à Livourne et à l’Italie. Une double minorité, à l’égard tant de la nombreuse population juive locale que des cent mille émigrés italiens vivant en Tunisie au début du xxe siècle, mais toujours caractérisée par une forte identité collective. Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, la place sociale de cette communauté fut remise en cause par une série de phénomènes convergents : l’essor du nationalisme tunisien, les tensions diplomatiques italo-françaises, et surtout par la montée au pouvoir du régime fasciste, résolu à encadrer les communautés d’émigration dans sa politique impériale. Sur la base de fonds d’archives et de témoignages inédits, ce travail reconstruit le parcours des Juifs italiens de Tunisie face aux stratégies de fascisation de Rome, en interrogeant les croisements identitaires dans les contextes d’émigration, la question de l’adhésion de masse au totalitarisme et le poids des médiateurs au sein des sociétés coloniales.
    Keywords: juifs ; judaïsme ; italien ; fascisme ; émigration et immigration ; colonialisme ; diaspora ; totalitarisme ; antisémitisme ; mémoire ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history
    Language: French
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    Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: This book identifies and explains the key analytical issues (state knowledge, causation, and reasonableness) that need to be considered in determining whether a State is responsible under the European Convention on Human Rights for omissions. In addition to this technical analytical question, the book also reflects upon what is at stake for the political community when the triggering, the content, and the scope of positive human rights obligations are determined. A central question is then how the search for a balance between intrusion and restraint by the State, between protection and freedom from invasion, defines this community and pulls the analysis of state responsibility for omissions in different directions. Designed to become the main reference source concerning ECHR positive obligations, this book makes four main contributions. First, it covers an important gap by isolating and studying the separate analytical elements (state knowledge, causation, and reasonableness) underlying state responsibility for failure to fulfil positive obligations. It explains the structure of review, the analytical steps taken to ascertain state responsibility for omissions. Secondly, the book offers a serious appreciation of the dangers associated with positive obligations whose scope might be too expansive or content too intrusive. Thirdly, it explains the different types of positive obligations. Fourthly, it offers the first examination of the conceptual hurdles if positive obligations under the ECHR were to be applied extraterritorially.
    Keywords: ECHR, ECtHR, human rights, positive obligations, omissions, state responsibility, extraterritorial obligations, reasonableness, causation, jurisdiction ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR International human rights law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBV Responsibility of states & other entities ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBH Settlement of international disputes::LBHG International courts & procedures
    Language: English
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    Business Ethics (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Business ethics continues to gain importance in the curricula of business studies courses. This book provides a comprehensive overview of both the essential concepts of business ethics related to the economy as a whole, and the more narrowly understood corporate ethics related to the individual company. In contrast to other works on the same topic, special emphasis is placed on a coherent theoretical foundation that puts tools of economic analysis, including behavioral economics, at the center. In particular, the importance of both empirical research and dilemma structures for business ethics receives special attention. The largest chapter of the book is devoted to corporate ethics and provides students and academics with guidance in the theoretical classification of the variety of concepts that often coexist in the debate. Abstract concepts are illustrated with the help of practice boxes.
    Keywords: corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship, prisoner’s dilemma, company scandals, globalization, human rights, poverty, sustainability, bounded ethicality ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJG Business ethics and social responsibility ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJJ Business and the environment; ‘green’ approaches to business
    Language: English
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    The Concept of Democracy (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: If we don’t know what the words “democracy” and “democratic” mean, then we don’t know what democracy is. This book defends a radical view: these words mean nothing and should be abandoned. The argument for abolitionism is simple: those terms are defective and we can easily do better, so let’s get rid of them. According to the abolitionist, the switch to alternative devices would be a significant communicative, cognitive, and political advance. The first part of the book presents a general theory of abandonment: the conditions under which language should be abandoned. The rest of the book applies this general theory to the case of “democracy” and “democratic”. The book shows that “democracy” and “democratic” are semantically, pragmatically, and communicatively defective. Abolitionism is not all gloom and doom. It also contains a message of good cheer: we have easy access to conceptual devices that are more effective than “democracy”. We can do better. These alternative linguistic devices will enable us to ask better questions, provide genuinely fruitful answers, and have more rational discussions. Moreover, those questions and answers better articulate the communicative and cognitive aims of those who use empty terms such as “democracy” and “democratic”.
    Keywords: conceptual engineering, conceptual abandonment, democracy, democratic, communication, verbal disputes, abolitionism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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    Data Sovereignty (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Digital sovereignty—the exercise of control over the Internet—is the ambition of the world’s leaders, from Australia to Zimbabwe, a bulwark against both foreign state and foreign corporation. Governments have resoundingly answered first-generation Internet law questions of who if anyone should regulate the Internet—they all will. The second-generation question to confront is not whether, but how to regulate the Internet. This volume features new theoretical perspectives on digital sovereignty and explores cutting-edge issues associated with it. Drawing mainly on various theories concerning political economy, international law, human rights, and data protection, it presents thought-provoking ideas about the nature and scope of digital sovereignty. It also examines the extent to which new technological developments in sectors, such as artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and sharing economy, have posed challenges to assertion of digital sovereignty, and considers how to deal with such challenges. In particular, the volume discusses the promise and pitfalls of digital sovereignty in the process of trade liberalization, data localization, and human rights protection.
    Keywords: sovereignty, digital technology, data flow, data localization, human rights ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Public Policy to Reduce Inequalities across Europe (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: There is a broad consensus across European states and the EU that social and economic inequality is a problem that needs to be addressed. Yet inequality policy is notoriously complex and contested. This book approaches the issue from two linked perspectives. First, a focus on functional requirements highlights what policymakers think they need to deliver policy successfully, and the gap between their requirements and reality. We identify this gap in relation to the theory and practice of policy learning, and to multiple sectors, to show how it manifests in health, education, and gender equity policies. Second, a focus on territorial politics highlights how the problem is interpreted at different scales, subject to competing demands to take responsibility. This contestation and spread of responsibilities contributes to different policy approaches across spatial scales. We conclude that governments promote many separate equity initiatives, across territories and sectors, without knowing if they are complementary or contradictory. This outcome could reflect the fact that ambiguous policy problems and complex policymaking processes are beyond the full knowledge or control of governments. It could also be part of a strategy to make a rhetorically radical case while knowing that they will translate into safer policies. It allows them to replace debates on values, regarding whose definition of equity matters and which inequalities to tolerate, with more technical discussions of policy processes. Governments may be offering new perspectives on spatial justice or new ways to reduce political attention to inequalities.
    Keywords: inequalities, education equity, gender equality, spatial justice, territorial cohesion, multi-level policymaking, multi-sectoral policymaking, health in all policies, rescaling ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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    Le nom de baptême aux xve et xvie siècles (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Cet ouvrage aborde la question complexe des motivations de la prénomination à l’époque de la Renaissance. De nombreuses études ont été publiées depuis une quarantaine d’années sur l’anthroponymie française. Les chercheurs se sont appliqués à collecter des données et à établir des statistiques. Mais il ne s’agit plus ici de comptabiliser mais d’expliquer. Pour ce faire, ce livre multiplie les comparaisons. Il étudie les évolutions sur une période longue et compare les choix de prénomination dans différentes régions pour établir une synthèse générale. Il remet en cause les conceptions courantes sur la prénomination et offrent de nouvelles hypothèses explicatives. Il réfute l’idée selon laquelle le nom de baptême était principalement la marque d’une dévotion religieuse et met en avant les ressorts fondamentaux de la prénomination : assurer à l’enfant les meilleures chances de survie, de bonheur et de prospérité et l’intégrer dans un réseau de relations sociales.
    Keywords: parrainage ; famille ; XVe siècle ; XVIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Cinéma/Littérature : projections (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Il ne s’agit pas ici de ce que le cinéma fait à la littérature mais de ce que l’imaginaire polysémique de la projection suscite d’allers, de retours et de réécritures croisées entre les deux disciplines, y compris dans les possibles dérives « projectives » du geste interprétatif, du moment qu’il entraîne un gain heuristique et travaille au croisement de l’optique et du psychique. La projection cinématographique est en effet, d’abord, un dispositif optique. Un faisceau lumineux transporte en l’agrandissant, parfois en l’anamorphosant, une image sur un écran : image passée, qu’il actualise ; image fugace, dont il déploie l’évanescence ; image photogramme, qu’il met en mouvement et expose à la dissemblance. Or la participation émotionnelle que suscite l’optique n’est pas sans rapport avec le dispositif psychique du même nom, qui consiste à extérioriser un contenu inconscient pour le voir en le déniant comme sien. Les deux versants de la projection ont en commun d’être des mécanismes qui mettent en jeu un travail de déformation autant destiné à faire voir qu’à opacifier et faire écran. Le cinéma s’avère alors surface où s’inscrivent les traumas inassimilables auxquels la projection donne forme visible selon le modèle de la figurabilité inconsciente. Ces prémisses esquissent les contours d’un nouveau chantier interdisciplinaire dont cette publication collective entend déployer l’extension maximale et donner les premières clés de compréhension.
    Keywords: cinéma ; littérature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    L’Apocalypse : une imagination politique (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Depuis deux cents ans, la littérature, la philosophie et le cinéma s’intéressent toujours davantage à l’apocalypse et aux catastrophes. Est-ce céder à un certain nihilisme ou au contraire chercher une ouverture politique quand l’horizon semble fermé ? Explorant la force et les limites de cet imaginaire politique ambivalent, les contributions rassemblées dans ce volume tentent d’expliquer pourquoi le scénario apocalyptique fait retour dans une civilisation qui n’est plus soudée ni par la croyance religieuse ni par l’espoir révolutionnaire. Qu’est-ce qui distingue l’apocalyptisme contemporain de l’apocalyptisme biblique et de ses avatars ? Comment distinguer un apocalyptisme laïc, qui affronte avec lucidité la perspective d’une destruction par l’homme des conditions nécessaires à la poursuite de son existence et les lubies des marchands d’apocalypse, qui mobilisent et galvaudent à leur profit le scénario religieux ? Enfin, comment restaurer une perspective politique dans ce climat de destruction générale ? En réunissant des contributions d’historiens, de philosophes, de spécialistes de littérature, d’études théâtrales et de cinéma, ce volume de La Licorne entreprend d’approcher de façon critique un art de désespérer avec espoir caractéristique de l’époque contemporaine.
    Keywords: littérature ; nihilisme ; cinéma ; théâtre ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: French
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    Chapter 8 Ethics of Selective Restriction of Liberty in a Pandemic (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Liberty-restricting measures are basic measures in combatting any pandemic. But whose liberty should be restricted? One standard response in public health ethics is to appeal to the “least restrictive alternative” necessary to achieve a public health goal. The problem is that in practice, greater restriction of liberty can lead to greater control of the pandemic and save more lives, though with increasing burdens to others. Liberty restriction is thus a question of the distribution of benefitsbenefits benefits and burdens in a population, a question of distributive justice. In this chapter, I argue that in some pandemics, such as COVID-19, it may be a more proportionate restriction of liberty to restrict the liberty of certain groups, rather than the population as a whole. Two arguments were given in the COVID-19 pandemic for liberty restriction: (1) protection of the vulnerable; (2) protection of the health service. These These are, however, more fundamentally issues about distributive justice. I explore how several approaches to distributive justice can support the differential differential differentialdifferentialdifferential restriction of liberty. In addition, I argue that the commonly accepted justificationjustificationjustificationjustificationjustification justification justification justification for liberty restrictions (that liberty restrictions may be justifiedjustifiedjustifiedjustifiedjustified justified to prevent direct harm to others) - can be overly simplistic, as illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. I argue that where risk groups (such as the elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic) are more likely to utilise limited health resources, they pose an indirect threat to others during the pandemic that warrants coercion. I argue there should be a side-constraint on justice of non-maleficence.non-maleficence.non-maleficence. non-maleficence. non-maleficence. non-maleficence. This This requires that there is a limit to harm which can be imposed on individuals for others, best captured by a collective duty of easy rescue. For groups such as the young, vaccination or lockdown may not constitute an “easy rescue” of those at greatest risk. I address the issue of whether selective restriction of liberty constitutes unjust discrimination and I propose an algorithm for making decisions about selective restriction of liberty.
    Keywords: ethics; pandemic; restriction of liberty ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFV Ethical issues and debates
    Language: English
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    Pierre Perrault (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dès 1674, Pierre Perrault publiait De l’origine des fontaines, un ouvrage en deux parties : une critique des concepts émis avant le xviie siècle, suivie d’observations et d’expériences conduisant aux bases de l’hydrologie continentale. Les deux premiers chapitres de notre ouvrage sont la transcription, annotée, du texte de Pierre Perrault en français moderne. Le troisième chapitre est entièrement consacré à la critique de ses expériences vis-à-vis des connaissances d’aujourd’hui, trois siècles plus tard.
    Keywords: hydrologie ; histoire des sciences ; histoire des techniques ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere
    Language: French
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    Mario Lavista (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Composer, pianist, editor, writer, and pedagogue Mario Lavista (1943-2021) was a central figure of the cultural and artistic scene in Mexico and one of the leading Ibero-American composers of his generation. His music is often described as evocative and poetic, noted for his meticulous attention to timbre and motivic permutation, and his creative trajectory was characterized by its intersections with the other arts, particularly poetry and painting. Lavista was a relational composer; he did not write music as a private enterprise but for and alongside people with whom he established close relations. Understanding analysis as an affective practice, author Ana R. Alonso-Minutti explores the intertextual connections between the multiple texts--musical or otherwise--that are present in Lavista's music. Alonso-Minutti argues that, through adopting an interdisciplinary and transhistorical approach to music composition, Lavista forged a cosmopolitan imaginary that challenged stereotypes of what Mexican music should sound like. This imaginary becomes a strategy of resistance against imperialist agendas placed upon postcolonial peripheries. Departing from traditional biographical and chronological frameworks that exalt masters and masterworks, the author offers a nuanced, personal narrative informed by conversations with composers, performers, artists, choreographers, poets, writers, and filmmakers. Through an innovative mosaic of methodologies, from archival work, to musical and intertextual analysis, oral history, and (auto)ethnography, this book is the first in-depth study of Lavista's compositional career and offers a contextual panorama of the contemporary music scene in Mexico
    Keywords: Music; Ethnomusicology ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music
    Language: English
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    Histoire de la littérature française du XVIe siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: À l’époque où elle gagne la France, la Renaissance européenne est encore un espoir, et déjà une crise. Ses virtualités contrastées éclatent dans la littérature en enthousiasmes, dérisions, liturgies du plaisir, du désir et du deuil, en méditations ironiques ou graves, en visions, parfois en vertiges. Le présent ouvrage souligne ces traits divergents, et privilégiant les œuvres qui marquent les mutations et les ruptures, et qui, de nos jours encore, posent les questions fondamentales de la culture moderne. Cette nouvelle édition tient compte de certaines avancées récentes de la recherche.
    Keywords: littérature ; XVIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: French
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    Relire Perec (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: L’œuvre de Georges Perec (1936-1982) apparaît aujourd’hui sans conteste comme celle d’un classique de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. Prenant acte de ce statut patrimonial, ce volume se donne un objectif moins rétrospectif – faire le bilan de trois riches décennies de recherche – que prospectif, en s’efforçant de contribuer à la relance d’une activité critique dont le dynamisme semble évidemment lié à l’accession à ce statut de classique. Dans un article devenu célèbre, « Pourquoi lire les classiques ? » (1981), un autre écrivain de l’Oulipo, l’Italien Italo Calvino, avait défi l’œuvre classique par sa lecture, énonçant la proposition suivante : « Toute relecture d’un classique est une découverte, comme la première lecture. » S’agissant de Perec, tout se passe en effet comme si cette canonisation avait bel et bien ouvert le champ des lectures possibles, permettant en particulier le dépassement de la perspective biographique pour l’intégrer à des approches diverses, qu’elles soient théoriques, génétiques, historiques, stylistiques ou plus largement poétiques. C’est de cette diversité, et de cette ouverture, critiques que ce volume rend compte, proposant ainsi une série de « découvertes » (comme le disait Calvino) pour inviter à la relecture d’une œuvre décidément inépuisable.
    Keywords: littérature ; littérature classique ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: French
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    Le sixième commandement (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dresser pour le xxe siècle un bilan de l’Église catholique en France sur le plan de la morale sexuelle, tel est le projet de cet ouvrage. Le xxe siècle se décompose en trois moments évidents : le triomphe de la morale sexuelle traditionnelle dans la première moitié du siècle, avec une valorisation démesurée de la chasteté et de la fécondité du mariage. Le deuxième moment entre 1950 et 1978 est une longue période de crise de la doctrine traditionnelle que Paul VI tenta en vain d’étouffer. Mais le célibat sacerdotal et la condamnation de l’avortement et de l’homosexualité sont remis en cause. Cette dernière question qui n’émerge que tardivement sera abordée grâce au témoignage exceptionnel d’un prêtre homosexuel et pédophile. La tentative de Jean-Paul II de restaurer la morale sexuelle traditionnelle constitue une troisième phase. Comme chacun le sait, le pape n’a pas ramené les fidèles catholiques au respect des enseignements d’une éthique considérée par eux comme archaïque. Entre la doctrine intransigeante du magistère et des laïcs de plus en plus insoumis, les théologiens ont tenu une position stratégique : ont-ils contribué à renforcer et légitimer l’autorité du pape polonais ou préparé des accommodements tels que le pape François les propose aujourd’hui, voire des changements plus radicaux de la doctrine morale catholique ? Pour l’avenir du catholicisme, dans le monde développé du moins, la question sexuelle tient une place critique. L’Église est-elle capable d’abandonner ses « lois » de morale sexuelle ?
    Keywords: histoire religieuse ; Église catholique ; sexualité ; théologie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Chapter 2 The return and spread of the transnational mining corporation in the African periphery (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: The aim of this chapter is to historically situate the case of mining in the Congo within its broader regional context. It is organized in three sections, each corresponding to a separate stage of the process that led to transnational mining corporations once again becoming the dominant force assuming ownership and management of industrial mining projects across the continent. The first stage involved a diagnosis of the economic challenges faced by African economies from the mid-1970s as due to misguided state intervention and government corruption. Based on this diagnosis, during the second stage, the IMF and the World Bank advocated for, financed, and in many instances directly oversaw the liberalization, privatization, and deregulation of mining sectors in low-income African economies. The third stage required criminalizing African miners involved in labour-intensive forms of production and, if required, forcibly displacing them to make way for the construction of capital-intensive, foreign corporate-owned mines.
    Keywords: Africa, Congo, mining, industrialization, development, corporations, World Bank, foreign direct investment ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCT Agricultural economics
    Language: English
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    The Rise and Fall of the People's Parties (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The decline of the centre-left and centre-right people’s parties is arguably the most poignant feature of the crisis of democracy in Western Europe today. To understand why, this book explores the striking parallels between the life of democracy and that of the people’s parties over the course of the past century. It offers a transnational window on the history of democracy since 1918 by weaving together three epochs which are often studied apart: democracy’s troubled history in the Interwar era; the trente glorieuses after the Second World War; and the period since the 1970s. The book shows that democracy was only stabilized and legitimized when people’s parties emerged that managed to balance between facilitating popular participation from below, bridging divisions between social groups, and practising the politics of compromise. Ideas for such parties existed already in the first decades of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, Socialist and Catholic mass parties failed to transform into people’s parties, which was essential for the crisis (and breakdown) of democracy in the Interwar era. This was a traumatic experience which contributed to the unexpected stabilization of democracy after 1945 as party leaders transformed their organizations into broad-based people’s parties that embraced compromise and responsibility. However, this stability did not last, and paradoxically their transformation also harboured the seeds of democracy’s more recent problems. Over the past decades, people’s parties have struggled to connect to an individualizing society while having become increasingly absorbed by their governing responsibilities.
    Keywords: democracy, history, political parties, people’s parties, Christian democracy, Social democracy, crisis, populism, twentieth century, Western Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFK Centrist democratic ideologies
    Language: English
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    Les disputes et la conversion religieuse de l’Antiquité au xviie siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au début du xviie siècle, un polémiste averti lançait à son auditoire, mi-protestant mi-catholique, cette sentence lapidaire : « Aujourd’huy, les disputes se réduisent à disputer comment il faut disputer. » Pour notre controversiste désabusé, dans ces rencontres entre théologiens, les moyens mangeaient la fin, les débats s’éternisant dans d’interminables disputes sur les conditions de la dispute. C’est de cette remarque – récurrente – qu’ont germé l’idée de ce livre et la volonté d’élargir le questionnement à des époques plus anciennes : à quoi bon ces rencontres répétées entre théologiens quand la conversion de l’adversaire semble si rarement le fruit des débats ? À nos yeux, l’amer constat que dresse ce théologien – des rencontres interreligieuses infécondes – n’est pas à attribuer à une quelconque myopie. Ce qu’il pointe est plus profond, plus essentiel. Il signale des enjeux alternatifs, il met sur la piste d’autres fonctions, moins évidentes ou moins assumées, des disputes interreligieuses. De ces grands débats, qui pensait vraiment sortir gagnant ? qui pouvait sérieusement se dire convaincu ? À partir de là, que recherchaient les acteurs de ces multiples scènes sans issue ?
    Keywords: théologie ; Église ; controverses religieuses ; conversion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Le plaisir du lien (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Il existe au moins trois bonnes raisons d’étudier la sociabilité associative rurale en Mayenne entre les années 1830 et les années 1930. Premièrement, la sociabilité est un concept qui, après avoir connu un grand succès en sciences sociales il y a une quarantaine d’années puis avoir été considéré comme passé de mode, mérite qu’on y revienne dans une approche culturelle et sociale. Deuxièmement, le monde associatif dans les campagnes françaises au xixe siècle et au début du xxe siècle est un sujet encore trop peu étudié et auquel il reste à accorder toute la place qui lui revient dans les mutations de l’époque contemporaine, au même titre que l’école. Troisièmement, la France de l’Ouest est un espace injustement disqualifié par l’historiographie pour ce qui relève de la vie sociale. Des sociétés littéraires aux clubs sportifs, en passant par les cercles, les sociétés de cure, les corps de sapeurs-pompiers, les sociétés musicales, les patronages catholiques, les associations conscriptives, les amicales d’anciennes et d’anciens élèves et celles d’anciens combattants, il est alors possible de saisir comment, à l’époque contemporaine, une culture formalisée, incarnée par la sociabilité associative, émerge face à une culture coutumière, moins « civilisée », celle des veillées et des assemblées villageoises. Ce qui se joue là n’est pas tant affaire de remplacement que d’acculturation.
    Keywords: association ; sociabilité ; histoire rurale ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Promenade et flânerie : vers une poétique de l’essai entre xviiie et xixe siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Au cours du xviiie siècle, la promenade devient une pratique habituelle, d’abord comme passe-temps social, ensuite comme activité solitaire et rêveuse. Les écrivains s’approprient alors cette pratique, et les pensées ou rêveries qu’elle suscite, pour les raconter ou les décrire. La réflexion collective dont ce volume se fait l’écho est partie de l’intuition que cette nouvelle habitude de déplacement dans l’espace – déplacement sans but, gratuit, et à pied – a influencé d’un même mouvement les modes de pensée et les modes d’écriture. On s’intéresse ici à la diffusion concrète du modèle pérégrin proposé par Rousseau dans des textes oubliés par la généalogie de l’essai : si ceux-ci n’ont pas laissé de véritables traces dans l’imaginaire du genre, ils n’en ont pas moins contribué à créer et à répandre des pratiques d’écriture et des postures d’écrivain, qui ont sans aucun doute joué un rôle fondamental dans la constitution progressive d’une écriture essayiste, avant l’institution du genre.
    Keywords: littérature ; promenade ; Rousseau ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Histoire de la littérature française du Moyen Âge (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: À l’heure où l’on redécouvre le Moyen Âge, cette histoire de la littérature s’efforce de présenter une gamme d’œuvres aussi complète que possible, en tenant compte des découvertes effectuées par la critique moderne, et en dégageant la spécificité d’une période très longue, beaucoup plus riche et variée qu’on ne le croit généralement.
    Keywords: littérature ; Moyen Âge ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: French
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    Franco's Internationalists (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book tells the story of the experts who sold the idea of Franco’s ‘social state’. Despite the repression, violence, and social hardship which characterized Spanish life in the 1940s and 1950s, the Franco regime sought to win popular support by promoting its apparent commitment to social justice. This book reveals the vital role which the idea of the social state also played in the regime’s ongoing search for international legitimacy. It shows how social experts, particularly those working in the fields of public health, medicine, and social insurance, were at the forefront of efforts to promote the regime to the outside world. By working with international organizations and transnational networks across Europe, Africa, and Latin America, they sought to sell the idea of Franco’s Spain as a respectable, modern, and socially just state. In doing so the book also seeks to disrupt our understanding of the modern history of internationalism. Exploring what it meant for Francoist experts to think and act internationally, it challenges dominant accounts of internationalism as a liberal, progressive movement by foregrounding the history of fascist, nationalist, imperialist, and religious forms of international cooperation. The case of Spain reveals the contested and heterogenous nature of mid-twentieth-century internationalism, characterized by the tumultuous interplay of overlapping global, regional, and imperial projects. It also brings into focus the overlooked continuities between international structures and projects before and after 1945.
    Keywords: internationalism, international organizations, international health, Franco’s Spain, Francoism, Franco regime, Spanish history, fascism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR3 Civil wars ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DS Southern Europe::1DSE Spain ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period)::3MPBGJ c 1930 to c 1939 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period) ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
    Language: English
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    Le théâtre de la boxe (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Comment inventer et fabriquer un spectacle sportif ? Pratique confidentielle en 1903, la boxe, dix ans plus tard, attire des milliers de spectateurs, met en jeu des sommes d’argent colossales et présente de véritables vedettes. Comment une pratique si réprouvée en raison de sa violence devient-elle un des loisirs les plus prisés de Paris ? Le présent ouvrage entend analyser les mécanismes présidant à ce succès. Loin d’être un spectacle devenu un sport ou un sport devenu spectacle, la boxe est dès ses débuts doublement codifiée : pensée et structurée comme un sport, elle est aussi portée et mise en scène comme un spectacle, ces deux dynamiques étant indissociables. Ensemble, promoteurs de spectacles, dirigeants de fédérations, journalistes, managers et boxeurs participent à la structuration d’un marché des spectacles pugilistiques inséré dans un tissu de relations avec d’autres grandes villes européennes. À l’aube de la Première Guerre mondiale, bénéficiant de conditions économiques et sociales spécifiques, la scène parisienne s’impose progressivement comme un des foyers les plus actifs de la boxe, lui donnant la forme d’un spectacle à la fois mondain et populaire, avant de se transformer après-guerre. Comprendre l’historicité des spectacles pugilistiques revient alors à prendre au sérieux l’expression même de « spectacle sportif ».
    Keywords: spectacle ; sport ; professionnalisation ; violence ; histoire sociale ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Politique des lieux communs (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: À voir le nombre actuel de travaux qui lui sont consacrés, le lieu commun, qui fut pourtant longtemps un paria et un proscrit, semble aujourd’hui populaire. Mais sa récente réhabilitation dans le paysage de la critique contemporaine aurait de quoi faire réfléchir la critique elle-même. Qu’avait-elle perdu en le vouant aux gémonies, si ce n’est peut-être ce « commun », ce lieu pour la communauté ? Et nous, qu’espérons-nous faire avec le lieu commun, si ce n’est réconcilier l’activité lettrée avec sa dimension politique, et par là défendre la place des humanités dans l’espace public ? Telle est donc notre hypothèse : le lieu commun, banal et abandonné, laissé au public et aux discussions de café, aurait à voir avec la chose publique et notre propre désir de communauté. En remontant aux sources de la pratique « humaniste » des lieux communs à la Renaissance, jusqu’à leur traitement dans l’enseignement et dans la transmission de la culture, les différents articles réunis ici entendent réinterroger la dimension proprement politique de l’usage des lieux communs par les lettrés de jadis et les critiques de naguère, mettant à l’épreuve le pont que cette culture entend jeter entre les générations via l’institution des « humanités » comme ciment d’une communauté à travers les âges, dans une prétention pacifique et universelle mais au risque de l’exclusion des individus.
    Keywords: littérature ; humanités ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: French
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    Le soin des pauvres (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Soigner les pauvres, telle est la vocation de milliers de jeunes femmes qui, tout au long du xixe siècle, prennent le voile en France et concrétisent ainsi un désir de vie religieuse et de service. Cet engagement ouvre aux femmes des voies pour s’affirmer hors de la famille, dans l’espace public et le monde du travail. Infirmières ou pharmaciennes, responsables de services d’hôpitaux et d’hospices, ou gardes-malades à domicile, ce sont les « bonnes » sœurs du xixe siècle. Figures de la charité, elles sont aussi les chevilles ouvrières du système public de santé dont elles accompagnent la médicalisation. Dans une société confrontée à une nouvelle pauvreté massive et alors que l’Église catholique s’inquiète de la déchristianisation populaire, les sœurs soignantes répondent aux attentes sociales et sanitaires, religieuses et morales de leur temps. La laïcisation républicaine signe-t-elle leur disparition ? Rien n’est moins sûr à en regarder leur présence dans Paris au début du xxe siècle. S’appuyant sur de nombreuses archives des couvents et des institutions hospitalières, cette enquête questionne la vocation des sœurs soignantes dans leur quotidien auprès des pauvres de la capitale. Elle propose une histoire du care qui éclaire les enjeux profanes et spirituels de la relation de soin.
    Keywords: vocation ; laïcité ; congrégation ; médecine ; professionnalisation ; infirmière ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: French
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    Artisans Abroad (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Between 1815 and 1870, when European industrialisation was in its infancy and Britain enjoyed a technological lead, thousands of British workers emigrated to the Continent. They played a key role in several sectors such as textiles, iron, mechanics, and the railways. These men and women thereby contributed significantly to the industrial take-off in continental Europe. This book examines the lives and trajectories of these workers, who emigrated from manufacturing centres in Britain to France, Belgium, Germany, and other countries. It is interested in their mobilities, their culture, their politics, and their relations with the local populations. It reminds us that the British economy was not just orientated towards the Empire and the United States, but also towards the Continent, long before the European Union and Brexit. It shows how critical the part played by migrant workers in the industrial revolution was. Artisans Abroad is the first social and cultural history of this forgotten migration.
    Keywords: industrial revolution, industrialisation, migration, migrants, emigrants, immigrants, workers, artisans, labour, Britain, France, Belgium ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTK Industrialisation and industrial history
    Language: English
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    Les médiévistes face aux médiévalismes (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Des fêtes estivales aux dessins animés japonais, des séries de fantasy aux manifestations de l’extrême-droite étatsunienne, le Moyen Âge est partout, sans cesse réinventé, transformé, mobilisé pour des usages variés. Il s’agit ici d’étudier cette présence du Moyen Âge dans notre imaginaire que l’on nomme le médiévalisme, en mobilisant de nouvelles méthodes d’analyse et en explorant de nouveaux terrains. Quels sont les rapports entre ces Moyen Âge fantasmés et le Moyen Âge historique étudié par les médiévistes ? Comment les spécialistes de la période médiévale doivent-ils se positionner face à des réinventions contemporaines ? Telles sont les deux principales questions de cet ouvrage tentant un état des lieux de la recherche médiévaliste ainsi qu’une réflexion globale, à la fois méthodologique et heuristique, sur ses défis, ses limites et ses enjeux.
    Keywords: Moyen Âge ; médiévalisme ; médiéviste ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    Le paysage de l'historien (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Les paysages de l'Ouest de la France connaissent aujourd'hui une évolution rapide. Du Maine à l'Anjou et à la Bretagne, si l'on peut voir beaucoup d'arbres, il n'est pas sûr que l'on puisse encore observer un vrai bocage ! Le bocage a perdu le lien qu'il avait depuis son origine avec l'activité agricole : il reste une composante du paysage rural mais il n'est plus le cadre nécessaire du travail des agriculteurs. C'est la modification la plus importante qu'il ait connu depuis sa création. Le bocage n'est pas un milieu naturel : c'est un paysage construit ; il n'est pas là de toute éternité, mais il a été fabriqué et entretenu par des générations d'agriculteurs qui avaient besoin de haies pour pratiquer à la fois la culture et le pâturage. L'objet de l'ouvrage d'Annie Antoine est de porter un regard d'historien sur le paysage bocager de l'Ouest de la France : explorer les liens forts et durables tissés entre un paysage et ses habitants, lier la construction du bocage et ses transformations à l'évolution des sociétés rurales qui, de la fin du Moyen Âge aux mutations agricoles contemporaines, l'ont utilisé et transformé.
    Keywords: paysage ; bocage ; histoire des paysages ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: French
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    Utopie et catastrophe (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Le sentiment domine aujourd’hui que l’utopie serait derrière nous : les contre-utopies occupent notre imagination, comme pour refléter la fin des espérances politiques et l’absence d’horizon de notre siècle désenchanté. Après la chaîne de catastrophes du xxe siècle, qui aurait démontré que l’utopie n’a rien à faire avec la réalité historique, l’utopie n’aurait plus d’intérêt, désormais, que pour l’histoire littéraire : on pourrait en dresser le bilan comme d’une forme du passé sans songer à en poursuivre la tradition, de toute façon épuisée, ni la renouveler. Mais la vogue actuelle de la contre-utopie est-elle vraiment le symptôme d’une société malade qui ne saurait plus éprouver d’enthousiasme ? Les contre-utopies n’ont-elles pas quelque chose à nous apprendre sur l’utopie elle-même, et sur l’ambiguïté fondamentale du genre depuis ses origines ? Enfin n’observe-t-on pas aujourd’hui, en réplique au catastrophisme présent, un renouveau de l’imaginaire utopique dans la littérature et les arts, dont les formes et les enjeux restent à comprendre ? À rebours des discours critiques ou mélancoliques, ce numéro de La Licorne examine cinq siècles d’histoire d’un genre bien plus divers et ambigu qu’on ne le croit souvent. Montrant les zones d’ombre des utopies classiques et la résistance de l’élan utopique au cœur des textes contemporains les plus sombres, les articles rassemblés ici invitent à redécouvrir un imaginaire critique dont on ne saurait concevoir, même et surtout en ces temps de catastrophe, l’épuisement.
    Keywords: littérature ; utopie ; catastrophisme ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Polycentrism (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: How does governing work today? How does society (mis)handle pressing challenges such as armed violence, cultural difference, ecological degradation, economic restructuring, geopolitical shifts, global pandemics, migration flows, and technological change in ways that are democratic, effective, fair, peaceful, and sustainable? This book addresses this key question around the theme of ‘polycentrism’: i.e. the idea that contemporary governing is dispersed, fluctuating, messy, elusive, and headless. Chapters develop this notion of polycentrism from a broad spectrum of academic disciplines and theoretical approaches. Readers thereby obtain a full coverage of exciting new thinking about how today’s world is (mis)ruled. The book distinguishes four paradigms of knowledge about polycentric governing—organizational, legal, relational, structural—and pursues conversations across the divides that normally keep these approaches in separate research communities. These exceptional inter-paradigm exchanges focus especially on issues of techniques (how governing is done), power (what forces drive governing), and legitimacy (whether governing is rightful). Comparisons between the multiple perspectives on polycentric governing highlight, and help to clarify, the distinctive emphases, potentials, and limitations of each approach. In addition, combinations across the diverse theories generate promising novel avenues of thought about polycentrism. Through their engagement with the book, readers can develop their own understandings of governing today and thereby become more empowered political subjects.
    Keywords: governance, governing, interdisciplinarity, legitimacy, methodology, polycentrism, power, techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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    Accompagner (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-06
    Description: L'accompagnement est le moyen privilégié aujourd'hui dans le champ de l'intervention sociale pour appréhender des catégories de populations diverses. Qu'est-ce qu'accompagner ? À l'aide des outils méthodologiques et paradigmatiques inspirés par l'interactionnisme symbolique et par la sociologie pragmatique, le pari de cet ouvrage est d'expliciter les nouveaux enjeux de la relation institutionnelle – son mandat, ses finalités renouvelées et ses logiques de mise en œuvre –, dans un contexte sociétal marqué par la précarisation durable et la vulnérabilité des parcours sociaux. L'auteure s'appuie sur une enquête de terrain de type ethnographique, conduite au cœur de deux dispositifs d'accompagnement : l'un dédié aux jeunes repérés comme en difficultés d'insertion, l'autre au soutien à la parentalité. Face à des situations durablement problématiques, l'idéal éducatif et la visée d'insertion ne constituent plus des supports opératoires à la relation institutionnelle. Désormais, celle-ci consiste à équiper au jour le jour les individus afin qu'ils prennent socialement place dans des univers précarisés et ségrégés. Dans ce contexte, les relations entre professionnels et usagers s'établissent autour de pactes définissant une manière de faire face aux situations chaotiques et au cortège d'épreuves (morales, pratiques, identitaires) qui en découlent. Les pactes relèvent d'une organisation discrète qui se construit dans les failles des institutions : autour des problèmes qu'elles s'avèrent incapables d'endiguer et dans les contours des normes inaccessibles qu'elles promeuvent. Les pactes constituent ainsi la trame d'une relation institutionnelle autoréférentielle, laquelle, plutôt que de prendre appui sur d'improbables objectifs à visée universelle, se réduit à des finalités élaborées en situation, redéfinies en permanence au gré des contingences et du rythme décousu des aléas.
    Keywords: travail social ; précarité ; intervention sociale ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work
    Language: French
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    Disrupted Development in the Congo (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: Since the turn of the century, low-income African countries have undergone a process of mining industrialization led by transnational corporations. The process has been sustained by an African Mining Consensus uniting international financial institutions, African governments, development agencies, and various strands of the academic literature. The Consensus holds that transnational mining corporations are best placed to drive structurally transformative processes of mining-based development on the continent. State-owned enterprises and local forms of labour-intensive mining are deemed unsuitable. The former is characterized as corrupt and mismanaged, and the latter as an inefficient, subsistence activity with links to conflict financing. Through a detailed case study of gold mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Disrupted Development in the Congo reveals the fragile foundations on which this consensus rests. The book documents how foreign mining corporations in the Congo have been prone to mismanagement, inefficiencies, and rent-seeking, and implicated in fuelling conflict and violence. In addition, the book details how structural impediments to the transformative effects of mining industrialization in low-income settings occur irrespective of ownership and management structures. In light of these constraints, and the levels of overseas surplus extraction and domestic marginalization associated with foreign-owned industrial mining, a shift to domestic-owned forms of mining-based development would better meet the needs of low-income African economies for rising productivity, labour absorption, and the domestic retention of the value generated by productive activity than the currently dominant but disarticulated and disruptive foreign corporate-led model.
    Keywords: Africa, Congo, mining, industrialization, development, corporations, labour, global value chains, conflict, gold ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCT Agricultural economics
    Language: English
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    Écrire l’histoire environnementale au xxie siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Les chantiers de l’histoire environnementale sont aussi nombreux que les enjeux soulevés par la crise écologique contemporaine. Gestion des risques par les sociétés passées, exploitation des ressources naturelles, mutation du regard porté sur l’environnement constituent quelques facettes d’une historiographie désormais mature et foisonnante. Les contributions réunies par le Réseau universitaire de chercheurs en histoire environnementale (RUCHE), à l’occasion de son 10e anniversaire, offrent un panorama international et pluridisciplinaire de cette révolution historiographique, en partant d’un état des lieux inédit dans quelques champs impactés par l’émergence d’une approche environnementale (telles l’histoire des mondes du travail et l’histoire maritime). La réflexion porte ensuite sur l’usage de sources et sur les méthodologies de recherche, en se fondant sur des exemples (comme les cartes) et en retraçant des expériences collectives de travail sur archives. Enfin, quelques études sur les acteurs et objets de l’histoire environnementale illustrent l’apport de l’interdisciplinarité pour interroger nos sociétés contemporaines.
    Keywords: environnement ; historiographie ; source ; méthodologie en sciences humaines ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Le bonheur au xviiie siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Le bonheur a-t-il été une idée neuve du xviiie siècle ? Prolongeant les travaux antérieurs, en particulier de Robert Mauzi dans L’idée du bonheur dans la littérature et la pensée françaises au xviiiesiècle, le présent recueil se propose une exploration de cette « idée-force » qui « éclaire l’unité du siècle » et qui « recouvre toutes les contradictions du temps ». Plusieurs domaines sont minutieusement explorés : littéraire, social, politique, philosophique, esthétique et éthique. Cette notion complexe et polysémique est approchée chez des auteurs tels que Rousseau, Diderot, Casanova ou Rétif de La Bretonne. Les divers axes et perspectives de recherche suggèrent l’expansion de cette idée-slogan : théories de la fiction, histoire des idées, poétique des genres et regards croisés. En soulignant la solidarité entre le mouvement des idées et l’analyse de la société et des arts, les contributions réunies ici font émerger la sensibilité d’une époque, les représentations et les expériences collectives et individuelles.
    Keywords: littérature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Jacques-Pierre Brissot (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dans les Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, publiées en 1933, Daniel Mornet voit en la figure de Brissot « l’image complète de toutes les aspirations d’une génération ». Cet ouvrage vise à relancer son intuition en proposant, grâce à un travail inédit de dépouillement systématique de ses archives privées, une sociologie de l’entrée en révolution (et non de la pré-révolution, car on ne pouvait la prédire alors) d’une jeunesse intellectuelle au crépuscule de la société française d’Ancien Régime. Cet ouvrage permet de comprendre comment un homme du commun éduqué, d’abord désireux d’intégrer les hautes sphères de la société de son temps, devient l’un des principaux agents de son renversement. Habité par une idée de la noblesse fondée sur la vertu plutôt que sur la naissance, il s’en attribue les qualités et tente de les faire reconnaître sur le champ littéraire. Mais il se heurte à l’indifférence de ses pairs illustres et à ce qu’il appelle le « crime de bassesse », soit le destin d’être né dans la « classe des artisans ». Brissot a le sentiment de ne pas occuper sa juste place dans une société d’ordres et d’états. De frustré et méprisé, Brissot renaît à l’identité au sein d’une communauté des opprimés aux côtés du protestant, du juif, du quaker, de l’Américain, du Genevois, de l’Anglais, du Valaque, du Brabançon, du Batave, du paysan, du prisonnier et de l’esclave noir. De victime, il se fait observateur de la souffrance universelle, produit du despotisme, puis acteur de la Révolution, d’une révolution d’abord philosophique puis politique, à la fois universelle et nationale.
    Keywords: noblesse ; mérite ; despotisme ; Révolution française ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    The Early Modern Dutch Press in an Age of Religious Persecution (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: For victims of persecution, attracting international awareness of their plight is often a matter of life and death. This book uncovers how in seventeenth-century Europe, persecuted minorities first learned how to use the press as a weapon to combat religious persecution. To mobilize foreign audiences, they faced an acute dilemma: how to make people care about distant suffering? This study argues that by answering this question, they laid the foundations of a humanitarian culture in Europe. The book reveals how, as consuming news became an everyday practice for many Europeans, the Dutch Republic emerged as an international hub of printed protest against religious violence. It traces how a diverse group of people, including Waldensian refugees, Huguenot ministers, Savoyard officeholders, and many others, all sought access to the Dutch printing presses to raise transnational solidarity for their cause. By examining their publicity strategies, this study deepens our understanding of how people tried to confront the specter of religious violence that had haunted them for generations.
    Keywords: humanitarianism, religious persecution, Dutch Republic, religious violence, pamphlet, religious conflict, public sphere, refugee, compassion, Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: English
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    Pockets of Effectiveness and the Politics of State-building and Development in Africa (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-17
    Description: Why do certain parts of the state in Africa work so effectively despite operating in difficult governance contexts? How do 'pockets of bureaucratic effectiveness' emerge and become sustained over time? And what does this tell us about the prospects for state-building and development in Africa? Repeated economic and social crises have demanded that development thinkers and policy actors have had to engage with the critical role that states play in delivering development. Pockets of Effectiveness and the Politics of State-building and Development in Africa shows that politics is the driving factor that shapes how well state agencies perform their roles. It deploys a new conceptual framework – the power domains approach – to explore the shifting fortunes of key state agencies in five countries – Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia – over the past three decades. Our original research reveals when, how and why political rulers decide to build effective state agencies and enable them to deliver certain forms of economic development – often through forming strategic coalitions with senior bureaucrats and with international support – and also when this support falters and gives way to a politics of survival. Comparative analysis identifies two potential trajectories towards state-building in Africa, each shaped by different configurations of social and political power. The book critiques the role that international development agencies have played in (mis)shaping the state in Africa and suggests a new strategic agenda for building the state capacities required to deliver sustained development at the current juncture. The book closes with critical commentaries from two leading scholars in the field, to help place our work in context and establish the next steps for research and strategy in this increasingly important area of development theory and practice.
    Keywords: Development studies, Political economy, Public administration, and African Studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::1 Geographical Qualifiers::1H Africa
    Language: English
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    From Perception to Communication (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: The aim of this book is to characterize a notion of type which will cover both linguistic and non-linguistic action and to lay the foundations for a theory of action based on a theory of types called TTR (a Theory of Types with Records). The book argues that a theory of language based on action allows us to take a perspective on linguistic content which is centred on interaction in dialogue and that this is importantly different to the traditional view of natural languages as being essentially similar to formal languages such as logics developed by philosophers or mathematicians. At the same time it will argue that the tremendous technical advances made by the formal language view of semantics can be incorporated into the action-based view and that this can lead to important improvements both of intuitive understanding and empirical coverage. In this enterprise we use types rather than possible worlds as commonly employed in studies of the semantics of natural language. Types are more tractable than possible worlds and give us more hope of understanding the implementation of semantics both on machines and in biological brains.
    Keywords: type theory; language as action; dialogue; interaction; semantics ; Theory of Types with Records ; TTR ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 Disrupted development in the Congo (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: This introductory chapter sets out the book’s aims and contributions, outlines its main lines of argument, and details the theoretical foundations underpinning the African Mining Consensus, which holds that transnational mining corporations are best placed to drive structurally transformative processes of mining-based development on the continent. It then moves on to document how, in establishing this Consensus position, proponents have tended to misrepresent or disregard some of the classic critiques mounted by a group of pioneering early development economists. These critiques focused on the specific challenges and constraints faced by income-poor peripheral countries seeking development through deeper integration with the global capitalist economy. Returning to these earlier critiques provides helpful lenses with which to explore, with some adaptation, several axes of tension within the ongoing process of foreign corporate-led mining industrialization in low-income African countries that are overlooked by the absent or simplistic representation of these critiques by Consensus proponents.
    Keywords: Africa, Congo, mining, industrialization, development, corporations, peripherality, dependency theory, structuralism ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCT Agricultural economics
    Language: English
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    Loyauté et patriotisme (le retour) (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Quel pays a vu, au cours de la décennie passée, son gouvernement mettre à mal le principe de laïcité qui était au fondement même de son existence, et affirmer la nécessité de « reconstruire l’État à partir de zéro » ? La Turquie d’Erdogan ? Bonne réponse, mais aussi le Japon d’Abe Shinzô. Dans quel pays, un dirigeant qui utilise l’éducation comme l’outil d’une reprise en main idéologique de sa population, considère que les « écoles, collèges, lycées et universités doivent être débarrassés au plus vite du “marxisme culturel” » ? Bolsanaro au Brésil ? Deuxième bonne réponse, mais aussi Abe Shinzô et la puissante Conférence du Japon à laquelle il appartenait. Quel est le pays dont le gouvernement a entrepris une réforme de ses programmes scolaires afin d’imposer sa conception de la nation et sa propre version de l’histoire ? La Pologne de Kaczynski ? Oui encore une fois, mais aussi le Japon d’Abe Shinzô. Un Premier ministre qui a réintroduit des cours de patriotisme dans les cursus scolaires, qui a mis en valeur les « accomplissements spirituels extraordinaires » des grandes figures de son histoire dans ses manuels ou encore rendu obligatoire des cours d’éthique ? Orban en Hongrie ? Exact, mais aussi et encore, Abe Shinzô au Japon. La plupart des réformes entreprises au Japon en matière d’éducation depuis le début des années 2000 l’ont été pour des raisons idéologiques. Qui le sait ? Pour la première fois depuis la fin des années 1940, les politiques conduites par la plupart des gouvernements japonais récents visent non pas à améliorer le système éducatif mais à modifier profondément sa nature et sa finalité, l’objectif affiché étant de rebâtir une école formant de « bons et vrais Japonais ». Une situation sur laquelle l’assassinat d’Abe Shinzô, le 8 juillet 2022, n’aura aucun impact, tant ses successeurs affichent aujourd’hui clairement, sur toutes ces questions, leur volonté de mettre leurs pas dans les siens. Cet ouvrage, qui donne beaucoup la parole aux Japonais eux-mêmes, est consacré à ces réformes dont l’impact touche l’ensemble de la société et de la politique japonaises. Il n’est pas sans enseignements pour nos propres sociétés.
    Keywords: patriotisme ; éducation ; conservatisme (science politique) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFN Nationalism
    Language: French
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    Randomized Control Trials in the Field of Development (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-22
    Description: In October 2019, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer jointly won the 51st Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty." But what is the exact scope of their experimental method, known as randomized control trials (RCTs)? Which sorts of questions are RCTs able to address and which do they fail to answer? This book provides answers to these questions, explaining how RCTs work, what they can achieve, why they sometimes fail, how they can be improved and why other methods are both useful and necessary. Chapters contributed by leading specialists in the field present a full and coherent picture of the main strengths and weaknesses of RCTs in the field of development. Looking beyond the epistemological, political, and ethical differences underlying many of the disagreements surrounding RCTs, it explores the implementation of RCTs on the ground, outside of their ideal theoretical conditions and reveals some unsuspected uses and effects, their disruptive potential, but also their political uses. The contributions uncover the implicit worldview that many RCTs draw on and disseminate, and probe the gap between the method's narrow scope and its success, while also proposing improvements and alternatives. This book warns against the potential dangers of their excessive use, arguing that the best use for RCTs is not necessarily that which immediately springs to mind, and offering opportunity to come to an informed and reasoned judgement on RCTs and what they can bring to development.
    Keywords: Development economics, Research ethics, Evidence-based policy, Impact evaluation, Global health, Microcredit, Political economy, Qualitative methods, Randomized controlled trials, Sanitation ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory & philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCH Econometrics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCQ Health economics
    Language: English
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    La peur chez les Grecs (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: La peur est indissociable de notre manière d’expérimenter le monde, et elle détermine notre manière de voir. Processus à la fois cognitif et opérateur de choix décisionnels soumis aux normes sociales en vigueur, la peur n’est pourtant ni sémantiquement définie ni linguistiquement formée. Elle a besoin d’un complément qui l’ancre dans l’expérience : peur des dieux ou de Dieu, du pouvoir, de l’autre, de la guerre, de la mort, etc. L’ouvrage étudie les manières de nommer la peur, de la verbaliser, de la comprendre, de l’interpréter ; les manières de la somatiser, de la rêver, de la mettre en gestes, de la visualiser dans l’art et de la matérialiser dans des objets. À travers l’étude de la peur, de ses mécanismes mais aussi de ses usages sociaux et politiques, c’est toute une histoire des émotions qui est ici esquissée au sein des mondes de langue grecque, de l’Antiquité au xixe siècle. C’est aussi une histoire des sociétés concernées car, à travers la peur, se joue leur rapport au divin, aux autorités, aux ennemis, aux proches, aux étrangers et aux compatriotes, à soi-même enfin.
    Keywords: histoire de la peur ; histoire des religions ; émotions ; archéologie ; anthropologie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: French
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    À coups de cases et de bulles (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Premier ouvrage abordant les violences faites aux femmes dans le 9e art, À coups de cases et de bulles est à même de montrer la façon dont la bande dessinée franco-belge, les comics mais aussi les mangas traitent les agressions et les crimes de sang. La bande dessinée qui ne cesse d’ouvrir de nouveaux chantiers et de revisiter des domaines déjà balisés, soit en les renouvelant, soit en les inscrivant dans une tradition, continue d’investir l’imaginaire des sociétés contemporaines. Quotidiens, hebdomadaires, trimestriels font désormais une place de plus en plus importante aux cases et aux bulles, mais si les femmes de papier ont été parfois mises à l’honneur ou étudiées, c’est rarement le cas des brutalités, des insultes et des viols qu’elles subissent. Et pourtant, les récits graphiques regorgent de femmes victimes de violences les plus diverses : mariages forcés, humiliations, agressions physiques, viols. Des bandes dessinées relèvent du témoignage et de la littérature du réel, d’autres appartiennent au registre de l’imaginaire, mais toutes traitent d’un fléau universel, parfois en une seule case, d’autres fois en plusieurs planches. La visée du présent ouvrage est d’inverser les perspectives communes, de montrer que les femmes ne sont pas enfermées dans la catégorie des femmes aguicheuses, ni dans celle des faire-valoir, ni non plus dans celles des seules victimes. En effet, même humiliées, brutalisées, martyrisées, elles conservent leur dignité ou leur fierté.
    Keywords: bande dessinée ; violence sexiste ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC6 Cultural studies: customs and traditions
    Language: French
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    The Job Ladder (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Using a range of countries from the Global South, this book examines heterogeneity within informal work by applying a common conceptual framework and empirical methodology. The country studies use panel data to study the dynamics of worker transitions between formal and heterogeneous, informal work. The range of country studies in the book (covering Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa) allow us to present a comparative perspective across developing countries. Each country study provides a nuanced view of informality, dividing workers into six work status groups: formal wage-employees, upper-tier informal wage-employees, lower-tier informal wage-employees, formal self-employed, upper-tier informal self-employed, and lower-tier informal self-employed. Based on this common conceptual framework, the country studies examine the distribution of workers between each of these work status groups. Using panel data, the country studies document transition patterns across different formality and work status groups. The panel data analysed in each country study gives a basis for making statements about labour market transitions that are not warranted when using comparable cross sections. In addition to measuring the distribution of workers and transitions between work status groups, each country study also examines individual-level and household-level characteristics associated with workers in each work status. Using these characteristics, each country study constructs a ‘job ladder’ that ranks each work status. The country studies then examine the characteristics of workers that are associated with transitions up (and down) the job ladder.
    Keywords: Formal and informal work; Global South; labour market transition; work status; wage-employees; self-employed ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth
    Language: English
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    Le rêve plastique des écrivains (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: La notion de plasticité, délicate à définir, peut être éclairée en fonction du domaine précis dans lequel elle est contextualisée et envisagée. Le point de vue qui la met au cœur d’une dynamique de pensée est ici celui de l’analyse littéraire. En important dans le champ littéraire une réflexion a priori liée aux arts plastiques, en nommant des modalités de la plasticité révélées dans l’écriture, ce recueil d’articles explore les œuvres littéraires avec un regard nouveau, une approche originale, car il relève ce qui, dans les écritures, suggère et réalise un rêve des écrivains, la possibilité d’une dimension sensible donnée à leur œuvre, celle-ci transgressant les limites du lisible pour s’accomplir comme forme également visuelle et visible, sonore et audible. Ces articles ne limitent pas leurs corpus à une époque ou à un genre littéraire (poésie, roman, théâtre). Ils prennent le parti de dégager, tant dans le contenu que dans la forme des textes, ce qui stimule chez le lecteur une perception complexe et un imaginaire doué de plasticité. Ces propositions de définitions de la plasticité centrées sur la littérature participent d’une réflexion rendue cruciale dans un contexte plus général où l’utilisation fréquente du mot « plasticité » est avérée dans de nombreux domaines.
    Keywords: littérature ; plasticité ; arts plastiques ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Sergueï Averintsev (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Inconnu en France, Sergueï S. Averintsev (1937-2004) est, pour le philosophe russo-américain Mikhaël Epstein, « cet éminent connaisseur de la culture russe, dont l’apport est considérable dans de nombreux domaines des sciences humaines : philologie, philosophie, théologie, études littéraires, histoire intellectuelle… ». Personnage de frêle apparence mais de grande séduction, vraie légende de la Russie des années 1970, il est ici présenté dans un contexte caractérisé, sur le plan politique, par la sortie du soviétisme et ses conséquences ; et sur le plan philosophique, par un retour aux sources hellénique et byzantine de la pensée russe. L’auteur fait appel aux témoignages des acteurs de la dissidence politico-culturelle qui, avec Averintsev, ont contribué aux changements de cette période : Lossev, Likhatchev, Mamardachvili, Galtsova, Gasparov, Sedakova. Il souligne combien Averintsev, renouant avec un vaste héritage qui va de l’hellénisme tardif à la poésie de l’Âge d’argent, pose des questions d’aujourd’hui : l’identité européenne et la transmission de l’héritage culturel ; la nécessité et les limites d’une politique conservatrice en réponse aux questions du temps ; l’évolution de la linguistique devenue une approche qui inscrit les sociétés dans une large perspective culturelle ; enfin le rôle de la pédagogie directe dans la transmission du savoir.
    Keywords: philologie ; hellénisme ; dissidence ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    The French Invention of Menopause and the Medicalisation of Women's Ageing (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Doctors writing about menopause in France vastly outnumbered those in other cultures throughout the entire nineteenth century. The concept of menopause was invented by Frenchmen medical students in the aftermath of the French Revolution, becoming an important pedagogic topic and a common theme of doctors’ professional identities in postrevolutionary biomedicine. Older women were identified as an important patient cohort for the expanding medicalisation of French society and were advised to entrust themselves to the hygienic care of doctors in managing the whole era of life from around and after the final cessation of menses. However, menopause owed much of its conceptual weft to earlier themes of women as the sicker sex, of vitalist crisis, of the vapours, and of astrological climacteric years. This book is the first comprehensive study of the origins of the medical concept of menopause, richly contextualising its role in nineteenth-century French medicine and revealing the complex threads of meaning that informed its invention. It tells a complex story of how women’s ageing featured in the demographic revolution in modern science, in the denigration of folk medicine, in the unique French field of hygiène, and in the fixation on women in the emergence of modern psychiatry. It also reveals the nineteenth-century French origins of the still-current medical and alternative-health approaches to women’s ageing as something to be managed through gynaecological surgery, hormonal replacement, and lifestyle intervention.
    Keywords: history of menopause, French medical history, French women’s history, history of women’s ageing, women as patients in modern biomedicine, gendered medical concepts ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Lexical Variation and Change (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Distributional semantics embodies the idea that the context in which a word occurs reveals the meaning of that word. In contemporary corpus linguistics, that idea takes shape in various types of quantitative context analysis. This monograph explores how count-based token-level semantic vector spaces, as an advanced form of such a quantitative methodology, can be applied to the study of polysemy, lexical variation, and lectometry. What can distributional models reveal about meaning? How can they be used to analyse the semantic relationship between near-synonyms? And how can they contribute to the study of lexical variation as a sociolinguistic variable? The book details the conceptual background of lexical semantic and lexical variation research, explains the mechanism of distributional modelling, and introduces distributional workflows and corpus linguistic tools to answer the questions. Combining a cognitive linguistic interest in meaning with a sociolinguistic interest in variation, it illustrates that distributional methodology with case studies on Dutch and Spanish lexical data, focusing on the value of distributional models for semantic analysis, the interaction of semasiological and onomasiological change, and sociolinguistic issues of lexical standardization and pluricentricity.
    Keywords: distributional semantics, lexical semantics, lexicology, lexical variation, corpus semantics, lectometry, cognitive linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFF Historical and comparative linguistics
    Language: English
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    La France et les Français à Hong Kong (1918-1941) (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dans l’entre-deux-guerres, Hong Kong est déjà une ville-monde, un emporium où transitent les marchandises venues de tous les continents, un port franc où commencent et s’achèvent les grandes lignes maritimes, une colonie britannique où s’entrechoquent les existences et, parmi celles-ci, des Françaises et des Français. À Hong Kong, la France est d’abord officiellement représentée par un consulat. Autour de cette sphère gravitent des acteurs aux statuts formels qui participent à l’essor des intérêts français. Maisons de négoce, compagnies maritimes, établissements bancaires ou encore congrégations religieuses ont des besoins similaires : se développer à partir d’un environnement stable, puis rayonner en Asie orientale. Ces groupes ne reflètent toutefois qu’une partie de la communauté française. Des présences marginales s’ajoutent, éphémères, interlopes, rebelles ou simplement jugées insignifiantes. Tous ces éléments sont liés. Leurs interactions tissent la trame d’une société hybride dont les perceptions diffèrent de celles de leurs compatriotes restés en métropole. Ce tableau de la France à Hong Kong interroge les nombreuses réalités de la notion de présences – celles-ci pouvant également être désincarnées, voire immatérielles – et questionne ce qui conduit des Français hors de leur empire. La colonie britannique est un observatoire privilégié pour étudier ces réseaux et les acteurs qui les animent.
    Keywords: Français de l'étranger ; Indochine ; influence ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Hippolyte Luc (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Hippolyte Luc (1883-1946) est l’un des bâtisseurs de l’enseignement technique et professionnel français. Orphelin de l’Assistance publique devenu agrégé de philosophie puis haut fonctionnaire, sa trajectoire emblématique de la méritocratie républicaine est celle d’un « transclasse » pétri de doutes et d’ambivalences. Directeur général de l’enseignement technique de 1933 à 1944 dont il a théorisé le rôle dans le développement d’une économie moderne, Luc a puissamment contribué à développer le réseau d’écoles publiques de formation technique et professionnelle, à instituer les diplômes d’État comme critères de qualification et de rémunération des salariés, et il a été un des pionniers de l’orientation. Resté à son poste jusqu’en juillet 1944, authentiquement anti-nazi, Luc n’a pas collaboré avec les autorités allemandes, ni manifesté d’opinion antisémite, mais ne s’est pas davantage engagé dans une action résistante. Au prix d’une compromission avec un gouvernement dont les choix politiques étaient à l’opposé de ses convictions, il a obstinément poursuivi l’accomplissement de ce qu’il considérait comme l’œuvre de sa vie : bâtir un enseignement technique au service du peuple et du pays. En se plaçant au croisement de l’histoire intime et de l’histoire collective, ce livre apporte ainsi des éclairages inédits sur l’histoire scolaire, sociale et politique de la France contemporaine.
    Keywords: enseignement professionnel ; enseignement technique ; histoire de l'enseignement ; méritocratie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Histoire de la littérature française du XVIIe siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Le présent volume prend place dans la série Histoire de la littérature française précédemment éditée chez Nathan. Publié pour la première fois en 1989, il a été profondément remanié à la lumière des recherches les plus récentes. Il présente et analyse les principales œuvres du xviie siècle dans leur originalité singulière, tout en les replaçant dans leur contexte littéraire et socio-culturel, pour expliquer l’évolution des genres, des thèmes, des structures et des styles par la transformation des publics, des auteurs, de leurs protecteurs, de la fonction même de la littérature et de ses conditions de production et de réception. Il distingue les différentes périodes du siècle et en définit les caractères, replaçant les œuvres à la fois dans une continuité diachronique et dans leur fonction synchronique. Il montre, pour chaque époque, les tendances communes et la différenciation des genres et des visions. Il favorise ainsi l’inscription des connaissances dans une réflexion historique. Destiné aux étudiants de Lettres de tous niveaux (classes préparatoires, premier et second cycles des universités), cet ouvrage sera aussi très utile pour la préparation des concours.
    Keywords: littérature ; XVIIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: French
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    Savoirs de la fiction (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Dès les années 2000, la fiction a cessé d’occuper le devant de la scène théorique en littérature, et pourtant, plus que jamais, sa capacité à configurer notre expérience est en débat. Expériences de pensée, phénomènes de réception de masse ou récits exemplaires, de nombreux textes littéraires modèlent non seulement notre expérience mais aussi notre capacité même à comprendre le monde dans lequel nous vivons. Cette fonction heuristique fait de la fiction un instrument de connaissance et un objet de savoir, notamment pour le droit. À travers des contributions de spécialistes issus de disciplines variées (philosophie, histoire, droit, sociologie), cet ouvrage comporte trois axes de réflexion. Tout d’abord, quels types de savoirs supposent (et développent) notre usage des fictions littéraires ou mentales ? Ensuite, les lectures juridico-historiques de la fiction seront évoquées : quel droit de la fiction ? Quelles réécritures cinématographiques ou littéraires de procès ? Quelles analogies structurelles entre texte littéraire et texte juridique ? Enfin, le rôle de la fiction dans la constitution d’imaginaires sociaux sera questionné à l’aune de ses effets sur la perception des conditions représentées et de l’efficacité critique qui en découle.
    Keywords: littérature ; fiction ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Chapter 3 Foreign mining corporations on trial (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: By the 2010s, the view that state mismanagement and inefficiencies underlay the Congo’s economic malaise had become so commonplace as to permeate nearly all thinking about development in the country. The aim of this chapter is to challenge this line of thinking and question the Consensus wisdom of moving from domestic-owned to foreign-owned industrial mining based on a belief in the superior efficiency of the latter. By charting the rise and fall of Belgian-owned SOMINKI (1976-1997) and Canadian-owned Banro (1995-2019) in eastern Congo, its main line of argument is that foreign-owned and managed mining corporations are no less vulnerable to mismanagement, firm inefficiencies, and volatile prices than their state-owned counterparts. This included, in the case of Banro, rent-seeking behaviour, redirecting value to overseas directors and shareholders at the expense of productive capacity and to the detriment of the Congolese state and Congolese firms and labour.
    Keywords: Congo, South Kivu, mining, industrialization, development, corporations, financialization, gold ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCT Agricultural economics
    Language: English
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    Russian Approaches to International Law (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book examines Russian approaches to international law from three different yet closely interconnected perspectives: history, theory, and recent state practice. The study uses comparative international law as a starting point and argues that in order to understand post-Soviet Russia’s state and scholarly approaches to international law, one should take into account the history of ideas in Russia. To some extent, Russian understandings of international law differ from what is considered the mainstream in the West. One specific feature of this work is that it goes inside the language of international law as it is spoken and discussed in post-Soviet Russia, especially the scholarly literature in the Russian language, and relates this literature to the history of international law as discipline in Russia. Recent state practice such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia’s record in the UN SC, the European Court of Human Rights, investor-state arbitration, and the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union are laid out and discussed in the context of increasingly popular ‘civilizational’ ideas, i.e. the claim that Russia is a unique civilization and not part of Europe understood as the West. The implications of this claim for the future of international law, its universality and regionalism are discussed. This study concludes the author’s five-year work on ERC-funded grant that enabled him to attend international law conferences in Russia and other CIS countries, as well as get access to relevant sources that often cannot be so easily accessed in the West.
    Keywords: international law, human rights, Russia, Ukraine, civilization, comparative international law, constructivism, annexation, war, scholars ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DT Eastern Europe::1DTA Russia
    Language: English
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    Chapter 10 Pluralism and Allocation of Limited Resources (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the response to this pandemic, two vital, but controversial ethical questions are we should allocate ventilators to patients with severe respiratory failure, and how we should distribute vaccines to people at risk of contracting coronavirus. There There are opposing ethical views about how to prioritise, and countries have taken different different differentdifferentapproaches. There There is a strong ethical argument that policies should take a pluralistic approach to allocation that reflectsreflects reflectsreflectsreflectsmultiple ethical values - both because of the diversity of viewpoints within communities and the recognition that there are competing relevant ethical values. In this chapter, I look at the epistemic and normative problems raised by pluralistic allocation in this pandemic and suggest implications for future pandemics. I summarise some of the relevant evidence about the public’s views and values relating to prioritisation. I also explore some practical approaches to prioritisation of scarce resources in the face of contrasting and competing ethical values
    Keywords: Pandamic; ethics; vaccines; ventilators ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFV Ethical issues and debates
    Language: English
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    Histoire de la littérature française du XIXe siècle (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Cette Histoire de la littérature française du XIXe siècle a l’ambition de renouveler le regard que nous portons sur la production littéraire de ce siècle. Comment rendre sensible le lien qui unit le temps de l’Histoire et celui des imaginaires littéraires ? Pour répondre à cette question, ce livre articule de manière convergente une histoire socio-intellectuelle du siècle et l’étude des individualités les plus fortes. Il entrelace des chapitres sur l’évolution générale des contenus et des formes, et des analyses consacrées aux auteurs. Il invite à une lecture stéréoscopique de l’ensemble, de sorte que l’historicité et la singularité de chaque œuvre soient également prises en compte. Ce livre fort et riche, original et efficace, est destiné aux étudiants de lettres – classes préparatoires, premier et second cycles. Il sera aussi un excellent outil de synthèse pour les étudiants qui préparent les concours, pour les futurs professeurs de lettres en formation dans les IUFM, ainsi que pour les professeurs de l’enseignement secondaire.
    Keywords: littérature ; XIXe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: French
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    Le salut par procuration (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Explorer un terrain de recherche quasiment vierge en faisant sortir de l’ombre un objet religieux mal identifié car souvent confondu avec les confréries, les messes pour les défunts, ou encore les indulgences, tel est ici le projet. Il s’agit plus précisément d’examiner les confraternités ou les affiliations spirituelles nées autour des monastères, couvents, chapitres canoniaux et commanderies hospitalières, de leur apparition en Occident au haut Moyen Âge jusqu’à leurs avatars actuels. À la lumière d’une documentation disséminée, inégalement conservée et rendue invisible par des classements archivistiques aléatoires, l’ouvrage s’attache à caractériser les sources, le vocabulaire et le contenu pastoral de cette formule consistant à partager les bienfaits salvifiques d’une communauté ecclésiastique avec des individus (ou groupes d’individus) extérieurs à celle-ci. Au prix d’un patient travail de contextualisation, les auteurs apportent des éléments nouveaux sur ses usages par les réguliers comme par leurs bienfaiteurs. Ils posent ainsi de précieux jalons pour que s’écrive un jour l’histoire longue de cette pratique religieuse combinant marché du salut et solidarité chrétienne face à l’inéluctable défi de l’au-delà.
    Keywords: confraternité ; monachisme ; bienfaiteur ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: French
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    Nuestra California (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: De 1821 à 1848, la Haute-Californie fut un territoire du Mexique nouvellement indépendant avant d’être annexée par les États-Unis à la suite d’une guerre entre les deux pays. La période est certes brève, et souvent considérée comme un échec ou un simple prélude au « rêve californien » étatsunien. Elle tombe dans un angle mort des deux histoires nationales. Mais ce qui se passe en Haute-Californie permet de penser plus avant ce moment clé de réinvention des imaginaires et des pratiques politiques suite aux révolutions et indépendances du tournant du xviiie et du xixe siècles : issu d’une colonisation récente (1769), ce territoire croise en effet des logiques impériales, coloniales, fédérales et nationales, dans un contexte de rivalités sur le continent nord-américain comme dans le Pacifique. On y lit un processus de politisation spécifique dans cette situation coloniale fait d’adaptation et d’invention et pas seulement de réception des idées et pratiques nouvelles. Ce livre s’appuie sur des sources en espagnol et dans une moindre mesure en anglais, localisées dans des fonds en Californie et à Mexico. Il s’inscrit au croisement de l’historiographie mexicaine et étatsunienne, en particulier celle des Borderlands (zone frontière États-Unis Mexique et ses populations amérindiennes, hispanophones, francophones et anglophones) et de l’histoire sociale du politique.
    Keywords: histoire politique ; frontière ; XIXe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: French
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    The Rise of Mass Advertising (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: This book is a first cultural legal history of advertising in Britain, tracing the rise of mass advertising circa 1840–1914 and its legal shaping. The emergence of this new system disrupted the perceived foundations of modernity. The idea that culture was organized by identifiable fields of knowledge, experience, and authority came under strain as advertisers claimed to share values with the era’s most prominent fields, including news, art, science, and religiously inflected morality. While cultural boundaries grew blurry, the assumption that the world was becoming progressively disenchanted, itself closely related to concepts of boundaries, was undermined as enchanted experiences multiplied with the transformation of everyday environments by advertising. Non-rational ontologies and a play of mystery became apparent, involving possibilities for metamorphoses, magical efficacy, animated environments, affective connections between humans and things, imaginary worlds and fantasies that informed mundane lifed. These disrupted assumptions that the capitalist economy was a victory of reason. The Rise of Mass Advertising examines how contemporaries came to terms with the disruptive impact by mobilizing legal processes, powers, and concepts. Law was implicated in performing boundary work that preserved the modern sense of field distinctions. Advertising’s cultural meanings and its organization were shaped dialectically vis-à-vis other fields in a process that mainstreamed and legitimized it with legal means, but also construed it as an inferior simulation of the values of a progressive modernity, exhibiting epistemological shortfalls and aesthetic compromises that marked it apart from adjacent fields. The dual treatment meanwhile disavowed the central role of enchantment, in what amounted to a normative enterprise of disenchantment. One of the ironies of this enterprise was that it ultimately drove professional advertisers to embrace enchantment as their peculiar expertise.
    Keywords: advertising, legal history, enchantment, disenchantment, boundary work, history of the press, history of the poster, quackery, gambling, indecency, advertising psychology, modernity, history of capitalism ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history::HBJD1 British & Irish history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBL History: earliest times to present day::HBLW 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000
    Language: English
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    Confronting Colonial Objects (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: In 1978, UNESCO Secretary General Amadou-Mahtar M’Bow compared cultural colonial objects to ‘witnesses to history’. Their treatment is one of the most debated questions of our time. Calls for a novel international cultural order go back to decolonization. However, for decades, the issue has been treated as a matter of comity or been reduced to a Shakespearean dilemma: to return or not to return. This book seeks to go beyond these classic dichotomies. It argues that contemporary practices are at a tipping point. It shows that cultural takings were material to the colonial project throughout different periods (early takings, birth of modern nation state, nineteenth-century scramble for objects) and went far beyond looting. It relies on micro histories and object biographies to trace recurring justifications and contestations of takings and returns, and the complicity of anthropology, racial science, and professional networks in colonial collecting. It demonstrates the dual role of law and cultural heritage regulation in enabling colonial injustices, and mobilizing resistance thereto. It challenges the argument that takings were acceptable according to the standards of the time. Drawing on the interplay between justice, ethics, and human rights, it develops a theory of entanglement to rethink contemporary approaches. It shows that future engagement requires a reinvention of knowledge systems and relations towards objects, including new forms of consent, provenance research, partnership and a rethinking of the role of museums themselves. It proposes principles of relational cultural justice to confront ongoing historic, legal, and economic entanglements and enable normative transformation.
    Keywords: colonial violence, cultural heritage law, restitution, return, museum ethics, object biographies, access to culture, indigenous rights ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GM Museology & heritage studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTQ Colonialism & imperialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTR National liberation & independence, post-colonialism
    Language: English
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    When the Nerds Go Marching In (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-23
    Description: When the Nerds Go Marching In shows how digital technology has moved from the margins to the mainstream of campaign and election organization in contemporary democracies. Combining an extensive review of existing literature and comparative data sources with original survey evidence and web content analysis of digital campaign content across four nations—the United Kingdom, Australia, France, and the United States—the book maps the key shifts in the role and centrality of the internet in election campaigns over a twenty-year period. The chapters reveal how these countries have followed a four-phase model of digital campaign development which begins with experimentation, and is followed by a period of standardization and professionalization. Subsequent phases focus on increasingly strategic activities around the mobilization of activists and supporters, before switching to micro-targeted mobilizing of individual voters. The changes are mapped over time in each country from the perspective of both the campaigners (supply side), and that of voters (demand side), and the four nations are compared in terms of how far and fast they have moved through the developmental cycle. As well as providing the most comprehensive narrative charting the evolution of digital campaigning from its inception in the mid-1990s, the book also offers important insights into the national conditions that have been most conducive to its diffusion. Finally, based on the findings from the most recent phase of development, the book speculates on the future direction for political campaigns as they increasingly rely on digital tools and artificial intelligence for direction and decision-making during elections.
    Keywords: digital campaign, normalization, equalization, e-politics, internet campaign, web campaign, cyber-campaign, online campaign, hypernormality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVL Political campaigning & advertising ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes::JPHF Elections & referenda ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies
    Language: English
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    Chapter Introduction (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a defining defining event of the 21st century. Global estimates of excess mortality indicate that it has taken fifteen fifteen million lives over 2020-21 (Knutson et al. 2022). It has closed national borders, put whole populations into quarantine and devastated economies. Almost half of workers in low or middle income countries lost a job or business due to the pandemic (Anonymous 2021). The International Monetary Fund has estimated a global loss to the world economy of US$12trillion by the end of 2021 (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2020). It led to a rise in rates of extreme poverty for the first firstfirst time in 25 years, with 37 million additional people experiencing this in 2020. The pandemic toll and the cost of measures taken to combat it—both effective effectiveeffectiveeffectiveeffectiveeffective and ineffective—has ineffective—has ineffective—hasineffective—hasineffective—hasineffective—hasineffective—has ineffective—has been paid in human lives, mental and physical suffering,suffering, suffering, suffering,suffering, and economic hardship. The costs will continue to be paid by individuals and societies for decades to come. While the COVID-19 pandemic has been catastrophic, it is not unique. It is not as severe as Spanish influenza, estimated to have killed between 50-100 million people. Recent MERS and SARS epidemics were more deadly to those infected, but less contagious. Future influenza pandemics, perhaps like the hypothetical example above, undoubtedly lie ahead. We await ‘Disease X’, the World Health Organisation’s placeholder name for “a serious international epidemic … caused by a pathogen currently unknown to cause human disease.” In some ways, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a wake up-call. Children who have been home-schooled during the COVID pandemic will almost certainly face another pandemic in their lifetime – one at least as bad—and potentially much worse—than this one.
    Keywords: COVID-19 Pandamic; ethics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFV Ethical issues and debates
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    CP Violation (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The violation of charge-conjugation and parity symmetries is a leading area of research in particle and nuclear physics, with important implications for understanding the generation of matter in the universe. CP violation occurs during the decay of the elementary particles known as kaons and the process remains little understood. This book provides a self-contained introduction to CP violation. It outlines the underlying theory and related experiments, taking a systematic approach.
    Keywords: harge-conjugation, parity symmetries, particle physics, nuclear physics, elementary particles, kaons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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    The Many Faces of Socioeconomic Change (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: This book provides a survey of different ways in which economic sociocultural and political aspects of human progress have been studied since the time of Adam Smith. Inevitably, over such a long time span, it has been necessary to concentrate on highlighting the most significant contributions, rather than attempting an exhaustive treatment. The aim has been to bring into focus an outline of the main long-term changes in the way that socioeconomic development has been envisaged. The argument presented is that the idea of socioeconomic development emerged with the creation of grand evolutionary sequences of social progress that were the products of Enlightenment and mid-Victorian thinkers. By the middle of the twentieth century, when interest in the accelerating development gave the topic a new impetus, its scope narrowed to a set of economically based strategies. After 1960, however, faith in such strategies began to wane, in the face of indifferent results and general faltering of confidence in economists’ boasts of scientific expertise. In the twenty-first century, development research is being pursued using a research method that generates disconnected results. As a result, it seems unlikely that any grand narrative will be created in the future and that neo-liberalism will be the last of this particular kind of socioeconomic theory.
    Keywords: survey, sociology, evolution, narrative, economic development, experts ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory & philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
    Language: English
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    Le conte dans tous ses états (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: De l’engouement né des volumes de Perrault ou des Grimm à aujourd’hui, l’attrait pour le conte ne s’est jamais démenti : parce que celui-ci invite à l’émerveillement, il a donné lieu à réécritures enjouées, adaptations admiratives, mais aussi interrogations et subversions démystifiantes. Toutefois, la critique, le déplacement dans un autre genre – récit filmique, photographie, notamment – ne sont pas déliaison mais réaffirmation du lien qui nous attache à cette énigme toujours renouvelée qu’est le conte – et avec lui le plaisir que nous y trouvons. Ce volume, généreusement illustré par la photographe Dina Goldstein et dirigé par Florence Fix (université Rouen- Normandie) et Hermeline Pernoud (université Paris 3-Sorbonne Nouvelle), réunit quinze textes analysant la permanence du conte dans la modernité : un conte dans tous ses états, malmené, adapté, raillé, déplacé, mais toujours vivace et propice à un réenchantement de la lecture.
    Keywords: conte ; littérature ; photographie ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: French
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    Advanced Land Warfare (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: International politics have become ever more volatile over the last decade, increasing the risk of large-scale military violence. Yet the precise character of future war will depend on a range of factors that relate to adversaries, allies, technology, geographical scope and multiple domains of warfighting. Few would question that land forces will be important also in the foreseeable future. However, given that the battlefield is in a state of transformation, so is the mission, purpose and utilization of land forces. Indeed, the future conduct of land warfare is subjected to serious and important questions in the face of large and complex challenges and security threats. This volume explores the evolving role of land forces, paying particular attention to the changes that have taken place in the art of commanding and executing combat and the role of rapid technological innovation and information dissemination in shaping warfare. It provides insights into key contemporary developments in land warfare, and presents case studies on land tactics and operations in different national contexts. The volume aims to draw on the best of theory, practice, and professional experience, featuring chapters written by leading international scholars and practitioners. Relating to the realities of the modern battlefield, the volume addresses a number of critical questions about land tactics and operations, combining a conceptual basis with empirical examples of tactical thinking and practice and emphasising the importance of understanding the perspectives of various national armies, in order to provide a current understanding of the central issues of land warfare.
    Keywords: military; warfare; defence, war; tactics; operations; army; technology; command; Russia; China; United Kingdom; USA; France; urban warfare, character of war, land operations, conflict ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWC Military forces and sectors::JWCD Land forces and warfare ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWK Military and defence strategy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWS Armed conflict
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    Undocumented Saints (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: UnDocumented Saints follows the migration of popular saints from Mexico into the United States and the evolution in their meaning. The book explores how Latinx battles for survival are also performed in the worlds of faith, religiosity, and the imaginary and how the sociopolitical realities of exploitation and racial segregation frame popular religious expressions. It analyzes the emergence of interreligious states, transnational ethnic and cultural enclaves unified by faith/religiosity. Following a chronological approach, this book analyzes five vernacular saints who have emerged in Mexico and whose devotions have migrated into the United States in the last one hundred years: Jesús Malverde, a popular bandito turned saint caudillo; Santa Olguita, an emerging feminist saint linked to border women’s experiences of sexual violence and assault; Juan Soldado, a soldier who was a murderer and rapist, who was the main suspect in the death of an eight-year-old victim known now as Santa Olguita, and who is now a patron for undocumented immigrants; Toribio Romo, a Catholic priest whose ghost/spirit has been helping people cross the border into the United States since the 1990s; and La Santa Muerte, a controversial personification of the dead who is particularly popular among some LGBTQ migrants. Each chapter contextualizes a particularly popular saint with broader discourses about the construction of masculinity and the state, the long history of violence against Latina and migrant women, female erasure from history, discrimination against non-normative sexualities, and the United States and Mexico’s investment in the control of religiosity within the discourses of immigration in the United States.
    Keywords: faith migration, Latinx religiosity, border spirituality, vernacular/folk devotions, queer spirituality, feminist spirituality, religious sovereignty, Santa Muerte, Toribio Romo, Juan Soldado, Jesús Malverde ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity::QRMB Christian Churches, denominations, groups::QRMB1 Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholic Church ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVJ Prayers and liturgical material::QRVJ1 Worship, rites, ceremonies and rituals
    Language: English
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    Ethnoreligious Otherings and Passionate Conflicts (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Departing from the mainstream practice and conventional wisdom of materialist and rationalist accounts of internal and intrastate conflicts, the book demonstrates how and why emotions, symbolic predispositions, and perceptions are just as powerful and useful in understanding and explaining these phenomena. By uncovering the invisible albeit concrete emotive, symbolic, and perceptual causal mechanisms underpinning ethnoreligious otherings and the resulting violent protracted conflicts, the book aims to help address the incongruence between how the actual actors operating within these contexts think and act and the existing theories and models of how they are expected to behave. Accordingly, the book has three main goals. First, to highlight the centrality of emotions, symbolic predispositions, and perceptions in providing a more holistic and realistic understanding of otherings and conflicts. Second, to illustrate how the ethnoreligious othering framework developed and applied in the study bolsters and advances process tracing explanations by systematically incorporating context-specific intersubjective meanings into causal accounts of the events under investigation. And third, to emphasize the importance of recognizing religion and nationalism as legitimate constituents and instruments of contemporary realpolitik by underlining their enduring security utility and essence at individual, group, and state levels. As argued and established throughout the book, because the causal mechanisms driving ethnoreligious otherings and passionate conflicts are simultaneously emitting and are propelled by deeply entrenched emotions, symbolic predispositions, and perceptions, achieving durable peace settlement requires reconciliation initiatives and regulation strategies that directly and unapologetically incorporate and address these neglected “immaterial” and “irrational” forces.
    Keywords: ethnoreligious othering, passionate conflict, emotions, symbolic predispositions, perceptions, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Myanmar, The Philippines, conflict resolution and peacebuilding ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTU Peace studies and conflict resolution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Introduction to General Relativity, Black Holes and Cosmology (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents basic General Relativity and provides a basis for understanding and using the fundamental theory. General Relativity is a beautiful geometric theory, simple in its mathematical formulation. It leads to numerous consequences with striking physical interpretations: gravitational waves, black holes, cosmological models, and so on. The first part of the book outlines the fundamentals of the subject. Chapters in this part look at Riemannian and Lorentzian geometry, Special and General Relativity, the Einstein equations, the Schwarzschild spacetime, black holes, and cosmology. The second part presents a number of more advanced topics such as general Einstein spacetimes, the Cauchy problem, relativistic fluids, and Relativistic Kinetic Theory.
    Keywords: Special Relativity, black holes, gravitational waves, Riemannian geometry, Lorentzian geometry, Einstein equations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHR Relativity physics
    Language: English
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    Les Alpes-Maritimes et la République (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: De 1879 à 1898, la Troisième République traverse une période mouvementée faite de crises, de tensions, de divisions du parti républicain et d’essor du nationalisme. Dans ce contexte, les républicains modérés se trouvent au cœur des événements qui permettent l’émergence et les premiers pas de la « République des républicains », contribuant à donner au régime certains de ses traits les plus marquants et les plus durables. Cependant, si les événements nationaux et les débats à l’Assemblée ou dans les grands quotidiens parisiens sont bien connus, l’évolution et les recompositions du courant républicain modéré en province demeurent peu étudiées. Dans ce département particulier qu’est celui des Alpes-Maritimes, cas original de modérantisme méridional, ce livre analyse les partis, les pratiques et les différentes structures politiques afin de montrer comment le républicanisme modéré se transforme, se recompose et parvient à surmonter ses difficultés et ses remises en cause, tout en demeurant attaché aux valeurs libérales de 1789. Au-delà d’un « modèle » unique et parfois fantasmé, le cas des Alpes-Maritimes montre ainsi la souplesse, la capacité d’adaptation et la diversité du régime républicain.
    Keywords: Troisième République ; républicanisme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Présence par effraction et par intrusion (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Dans les arts et la littérature, certaines présences se donnent, avec toute la force de leur évidence, comme déplacées. Les textes réunis dans ce volume s’intéressent à ces formes de présences insolites qui entrent dans un cadre où elles ne sont pas attendues. L’effraction et l’intrusion sont les procédés pour obtenir ces modalités singulières de présence. Dans le fracas ou la délicatesse, l’irrespect des règles et des cadres, le lecteur reconnaîtra l’effraction chargée de violence et évaluera les effets de présence que cette manière de faire permet de révéler. D’une façon moins ostensible, le lecteur pourra également, à son tour, jouer à l’intrus et apprécier de quelles intentions insidieuses ce dernier est animé pour créer des présences illégitimes et parfois incongrues. Car le geste artistique, qu’il émane d’une effraction ou d’une intrusion, est toujours singulier et audacieux. Geste pour le moins iconoclaste, il atteste d’une présence qui, en brisant un ordre institué, dévoile et rappelle l’artificialité de ce dernier.
    Keywords: littérature ; art ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: French
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    Écrire la révolution (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Un temps oubliée, décriée, ridiculisée, la révolution est aujourd’hui à nouveau un problème politique clé. Outre le Printemps arabe, Occupy Wall Street, Nuit debout, ainsi que les commémorations d’Octobre 17 et de Mai 68 qui en ont réactivé l’imaginaire (voire le désir), un nombre croissant de romans, de récits, de pièces de théâtre et de recueils de poésie contemporains ont pour thème l’insurrection, le soulèvement et la révolte. Une bibliographie comprenant une cinquantaine de titres permet d’en mesurer l’importance. Cette présence de la révolution dans le champ culturel contemporain nous enjoint à reprendre une question posée il y a près d’un siècle par Léon Trotsky, à savoir : comment penser les rapports entre littérature et révolution ? De Jack London au Comité invisible, en passant entre autres par Alfred Döblin, Louis Aragon, Jean Genet et Pierre Michon, cet ouvrage interroge la manière dont les révolutions politiques (réelles ou imaginées, passées ou projetées) ont suscité des configurations et des questionnements esthétiques depuis le début du xxe siècle. Quelles relations entretiennent, dans ces textes, le poétique et le politique ? L’écrivain et le révolutionnaire ? La fiction et l’action ? Aux différentes contributions qui esquissent des réponses à ces interrogations s’ajoutent trois entretiens avec des écrivains (Arno Bertina, Leslie Kaplan, Nathalie Quintane) dont l’œuvre littéraire trame à nouveaux frais la question politique.
    Keywords: littérature ; politique ; mai 1968 ; Nuit débout ; Printemps arabe ; Occupy Wall Street ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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    Histoire familiale du prisonnier de guerre Gaston Duplat (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: « Les douleurs d’hommes sont muettes » écrit le comité de rédaction de la revue Maintenir, revue de l’Amicale des anciens des Stalags XVIII, en évoquant le destin tragique des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Gaston Duplat – PG matricule 2677 détenu du 23 juin 1940 au 7 mai 1945 au camp de Coëtquidan (Morbihan), puis au Fronstalag 183 de Vannes, enfin au Stalag XVIII C de Markt Pongau (Autriche) – resta lui aussi pudique sur son histoire : un long silence jamais rompu. Un silence, mais deux carnets de captivité, plus de trois cents lettres, deux albums photographiques et un herbier annoté retrouvés dans les archives familiales après son décès et celui de son épouse. Ces documents furent le point de départ d’une longue enquête sur la vie de cette famille brutalement et durablement touchée par la guerre et la captivité du père. Essayer de reconstituer la vie de cette famille et de la comprendre au travers de ses mots et des archives, s’intéresser à l’histoire de la Captivité, des Stalags et des Kommandos mais aussi se pencher sur une histoire singulière, évoquer le destin du prisonnier matricule 2677 mais aussi celui de son épouse et de ses enfants, voilà l’objet de cet ouvrage.
    Keywords: deuxième guerre mondiale ; prisonnier de guerre ; archives familiales ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: French
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    Decolonizing the Criminal Question (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This collection engages with debates within ‘criminology’ about matters of colonial power, which have come to be conceptualized through the language of ‘decolonization’. It explores the uneasy relationship between the ‘criminal question’ and colonialism, and foregrounds the relevance of the legacies of this relationship to criminological enquiries. It invites and seeks to pursue a better understanding of the links between imperialism and colonialism on the one hand, and nationalism and globalization on the other, by exposing the imprints of these links on processes of marginalization, racialization, and exclusion that are central to contemporary criminal justice practices within and beyond nation-states. It advances this objective by examining the reverberations of colonial history and logics in the operation of crime control. The volume also aims to explore the critical potential of criminological scholarship, as a field that sits at the margins of several disciplines and perspectives, through a direct engagement with Southern epistemologies and perspectives. To do so, it brings together established and emerging scholars from the humanities and social sciences, who work at the intersections of criminal justice and postcolonial studies.
    Keywords: criminal question, decolonization, colonial power, criminology, criminal justice, colonial legacies, race, globalization, punishment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKV Crime & criminology ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAQ Law & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFS Globalization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAQ Law and society, sociology of law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTQ Globalization
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Medicine in an Age of Revolution (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This work is the first major attempt since the 1970s to challenge the idea that the essential engine of medical (and scientific) change in seventeenth-century Britain emanated from puritanism. It seeks to reaffirm the crucial role of the period of the civil wars and their aftermath in providing the most congenial context for a re-evaluation of traditional attitudes to medicine. In the process, it rejects the idea that such initiatives were the special preserve of a small religious elite (puritans), claiming instead that enthusiasm for change can be found across the religious spectrum. At the same time, the work demonstrates that medical practitioners were increasingly drawn into contemporary religious and political debates in a way that led to a fundamental politicization of the ‘profession’. By the end of the seventeenth century, it was now commonplace to see doctors, apothecaries and surgeons fully engaged in everyday political and civic life. At the same time, religious and political orientation often became an important factor in the career development of medics, especially in towns and cities, where substantial benefits might accrue to those who found themselves in favour with the ruling elites, be they Whig or Tory. The body politic, a Renaissance commonplace, was now peopled by medical practitioners who often claimed a special authority when it came to diagnosing the ills of late seventeenth-century society.
    Keywords: medicine, medical reform, puritanism, religion, politics, politicization, Paracelsus, Van Helmont, civil wars, Restoration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    The Developer's Dilemma (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: This book explores this developer’s dilemma or ‘Kuznetsian tension’ between structural transformation and income inequality. Developing countries are seeking economic development—that is, structural transformation—which is inclusive in the sense that it is broad-based and raises the income of all, especially the poor. Thus, inclusive economic growth requires steady, or even falling, income inequality if it is to maximize the growth of incomes at the lower end of the distribution. Yet, this is at odds with Simon Kuznets hypothesis that economic development tends to put upward pressure on income inequality, at least initially and in the absence of countervailing policies. The book asks: what are the types or ‘varieties’ of structural transformation that have been experienced in developing countries? What inequality dynamics are associated with each variety of structural transformation? And what policies have been utilized to manage trade-offs between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth? The book answers these questions using a comparative case study approach, contrasting nine developing countries while employing a common analytical framework and a set of common datasets across the case studies. The intended intellectual contribution of the book is to provide a comparative analysis of the relationship between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth; to do so empirically at a regional and national level; and to draw conclusions from the cases on the varieties of structural transformation, their inequality dynamics, and the policies that have been employed to mediate the developer’s dilemma.
    Keywords: structural transformation, Kuznetsian tension, economic growth, income inequality, developing countries ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Genre et techniques (2023)
    Presses universitaires de Rennes
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Les objets techniques, leur manipulation, sont presque toujours renvoyés au masculin. Or, ce stéréotype n’est que partiellement vrai une fois que l’on s’est efforcé de mener une analyse fine des rapports entre genre et techniques, ambition de tous les auteurs de ce livre. Dans l’historiographie francophone, comme le lien entre genre et techniques a été rarement effectué, les principales questions à la croisée de ces deux thématiques doivent encore être étudiées et les réponses déjà apportées approfondies. Ainsi, l’étude du rapport entre les femmes et les techniques n’est qu’une première approche qui doit être étendue dans le cadre d’une problématique plus large tenant compte de tous les aspects du genre, notamment les questions liées à la masculinité. Ces aspects méritent d’ailleurs une attention toute particulière, dans le sens où l’enseignement technique contribue à la construction d’un certain type de masculinité, reproduisant, par exemple, des différences genrées à l’école et dans les milieux professionnels. Les différents textes rassemblés dans cet ouvrage permettent de s’interroger sur une thématique innovante. Si les travaux d’historiens dominent, le sujet abordé rend néanmoins nécessaire une approche pluridisciplinaire. La sociologie, la philosophie et l’anthropologie apportent donc également ici un éclairage sur les liens qui peuvent exister entre genre et techniques.
    Keywords: genre ; histoire des techniques ; masculin ; enseignement technique ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: French
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