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  • Other Sources  (1,732)
  • MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES  (1,202)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Deutschland
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • Life Sciences (General)
  • 1970-1974  (1,732)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Phänologie und Reife des Körnermaises in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Abhängigkeit von Witterung und Klima (1974)
    In:  Diss. Weihenstephan.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974
    Description: Analyse des Klimas und der Witterung in Bezug zu den Maiserträgen des Versuchsfeldes KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1956-74 ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Mais ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY INKA BB
  • 2
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    Image data processing of earth resources management (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: Various image processing and information extraction systems are described along with the design and operation of an interactive multispectral information system, IMAGE 100. Analyses of ERTS data, using IMAGE 100, over a number of U.S. sites are presented. The following analyses are included: investigations of crop inventory and management using remote sensing; and (2) land cover classification for environmental impact assessments. Results show that useful information is provided by IMAGE 100 analyses of ERTS data in digital form.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 201-218
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Noise control of pneumatic percussion drills (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Noise sources in pneumatic drills are studied bringing to light the fact that air exhaust is the most important source. The present state of the art of noise control is discussed for pneumatic percussion drills abroad, indicating the different solutions adopted in this respect. Drills produced in Rumania are described and the results of noise measurements are shown.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 177-181
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Contributions to the study of the characteristics of bearing noise and vibrations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results of experimental research on the noise and vibrations of radial ball and roller bearings are reported. Analysis of the frequency spectra disclosed dependences among vibration and noise, load, rpm and cage material. Some peculiar aspects of the frequency spectrum are also mentioned.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 131-135
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  • 5
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    Aspects of reducing spur gear noise (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Noise sources in gears and ways of improving their silence by profile shape alterations and wheel surface smoothness are discussed. Practical results obtained, from the noise point of view are reported, for textile machinery.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 124-130
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  • 6
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    Contributions to the reduction of gear noise (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The influence of profile displacements on the acoustic pressure level of running gears is studied. The conclusion is reached that extra polar gears function well, reducing the acoustic pressure level by about 2-3 db which, at the level of the total noise of 80-90 db, can be easily felt. This result can be explained by the fact that in this gear the pitch point is situated outside of the gearing segment, so that a certain change in the direction of the friction force between the tooth flanks is eliminated.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 118-123
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  • 7
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    Load influence on gear noise (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An original mathematical model is proposed to derive equations for calculation of gear noise. These equations permit the acoustic pressure level to be determined as a function of load. Application of this method to three parallel gears is reported. The logical calculation scheme is given, as well as the results obtained.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 112-117
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  • 8
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    Preliminary study of gear noise characteristics (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Experimental results and conclusions are presented about the noise characteristics of gears as a function of their operating conditions. The interpretive possibilities offered by real time noise and vibration spectrum analysis are emphasized. The noise reducing effects of light weight insulation boxes are also discussed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 104-111
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  • 9
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    Considerations on the acoustic energy radiated by toothed gears (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A mechano-acoustic model is reported for calculating acoustic energy radiated by a working gear. According to this model, a gear is an acoustic coublet formed of the two wheels. The wheel teeth generate cylindrical acoustic waves while the front surfaces of the teeth behave like vibrating pistons. Theoretical results are checked experimentally and good agreement is obtained with open gears. The experiments show that the air noise effect is negligible as compared with the structural noise transmitted to the gear box.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 98-103
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  • 10
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    Acoustic determination of cracks in welded joints (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The acoustic analysis method permits detection of any cracks that might take place and their manner of propagation. The study deals with the cracks produced in experiments to determine the welding technology for a welded gray cast iron workpiece by using piezoelectric transducers to determine vibration acceleration.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 93-97
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  • 11
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    US studies in the field of shaft drilling on the lunar surface (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: American equipment for drilling in the lunar surface is discussed, with emphasis on rotary-percussive methodology and core-sample retrieval techniques.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Current Concepts Regarding the Moon (NASA-TT-F-766); p 192-205
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  • 12
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    Application of advanced signal processing techniques to the rectification and registration of spaceborne imagery (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: The development of an ERTS/MSS image processing system responsive to the needs of the user community is discussed. An overview of the TRW ERTS/MSS processor is presented, followed by a more detailed discussion of image processing functions satisfied by the system. The particular functions chosen for discussion are evolved from advanced signal processing techniques rooted in the areas of communication and control. These examples show how classical aerospace technology can be transferred to solve the more contemporary problems confronting the users of spaceborne imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 245-255
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  • 13
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    The application of natural science data to land management decision-making (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A natural environmental analysis process which allows the decision maker to know the probable consequences of a decision prior to the act is developed. Emphasis is placed on the fit between the natural environment and the social, economic, and functional attributes of man's communities and the transition from nature in its present state to various forms and intensities of development. Applications of the analysis are examined. It is concluded that the analysis is a workable system for land use management.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 219-228
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  • 14
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    Comment on satellite altimeter data (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: SKYLAB mission SEASAT-B altimeter observations in combination with surface gravity measurements provide useful data on the marine geoid and expected ocean perturbations from analyses of seamount structures.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA, Washington Seasat-A Sci. Contrib.; p 38
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  • 15
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    Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing - A hypothesized desertification mechanism (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations are reported of high-albedo soils denuded by overgrazing which appear bright, in high contrast to regions covered by natural vegetation. Measurements and modeling show that the denuded surfaces are cooler, when compared under sunlit conditions. This observed 'thermal depression' effect should, on theoretical grounds, result in a decreased lifting of air necessary for cloud formation and precipitation, and thus lead to regional climatic desertification.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Science; 186; Nov. 8
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
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    Induction brazing at the Kennedy Space Center (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description of the joint design, materials, equipment, qualification testing, inspection methods, and applications involved in performing induction brazing on hyperbolic propellants tubing at Kennedy Space Center. Induction brazing is a form of brazing in which the energy is transmitted to the workpiece by electrical induction; the eddy currents generated in the metal produce heat by resistance losses. Since induction heating is fast and highly localized, undesirable heat effects are minimized and the resulting braze is of high quality.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
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  • 17
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    Impact testing on composite fan blades (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of impact tests on large, fiber composite fan blades for aircraft turbofan engine applications are discussed. Solid composite blades of two different sizes and designs were tested. Both graphite/epoxy and boron/epoxy were evaluated. In addition, a spar-shell blade design was tested that had a boron/epoxy shell bonded to a titanium spar. All blades were tested one at a time in a rotating arm rig to simulate engine operating conditions. Impacting media included small gravel, two inch diameter ice balls, gelatin and RTV foam-simulated birds, as well as starlings and pigeons. The results showed little difference in performance between the graphite and boron/epoxy blades. The results also indicate that composite blades may be able to tolerate ice ball and small bird impacts but need improvement to tolerate birds in the small duck and larger category.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: SAMPE Quarterly; 5; July 197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 18
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    Sealing of large leaks in high-vacuum systems subject to mechanical and thermal stresses (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of silicone rubber adhesive (particularly, G.E. RTV-108) for sealing large leaks in high vacuum systems subject to mechanical and thermal stresses is shown to be more effective than that of epoxy cements. The sealant is applied externally to the leak while the system is partially evacuated so that it is drawn into the hole.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 11; July-Aug
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  • 19
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    Aluminized alloy boosts turbine blade life (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of an aluminized alloy coating technique that involves first the application of a ductile, oxidation-resistant overlay, such as NiCrAl, which is then partially aluminized. The duplex protective system has performance advantages over conventional aluminide coatings in that it provides higher-temperature hot corrosion resistance over a longer service life.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Metal Progress; 106; Aug. 197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 20
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    Friction and friction-generated temperature at a polymer-metal interface (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results of friction and thermal tests of molded polyimide and pyrrone polymers are presented. The coefficient of sliding friction up to surface velocities of 2 m/sec and the coefficient of thermal expansion from 300 to 500 K were measured. An apparatus was constructed to measure simultaneously the coefficient of sliding friction and the friction-generated temperature. Measurements were made at a nominal pressure-velocity product of 0.25 MN/msec and at temperatures between 300 and 500 K.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Polymer Engineering and Science; 14; Apr. 197
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  • 21
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    Solid state and fusion resistance spot welding of TD-NiCr sheet (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
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  • 22
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    Ultrasonic examination of welded joints of great thickness in mechanical equipment under pressure (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The requirements involved in choosing ultrasonic devices, the factors that affect testing, and recommended calibration methods are discussed. The ultrasonic testing method is the only method that up to now permits detection of defects in welded joints of great thickness. The results are conditioned by the performances of the devices employed as well as by the degree of instruction of the personnel.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 199-203
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  • 23
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    Influence of ultrasounds on electrolytic polishing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of study of the electrolytic polishing of metal pieces, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Utilization of ultrasonically irradiated electrolytes in the electrolytic polishing of copper and steel pieces leads to enhanced polishing quality. (2) Polishing time for the reference pieces was twice as long as for the test pieces. (3) The chemical attack exerted on the surface of the test pieces in order to get the structure of the respective metal lasted less than half as long and yielded superior qualitative results in the copper as well as in the OT 60-2 steel test pieces polished with ultrasonically irradiated electrolytes. (4) The utilization of higher polishing current densities can be explained by the fact that the cavitational effect that arises in the electrolyte owing to ultrasounds contributes to an increase in the solution's electrical conductivity and elimination of gases from the electrolyte.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 210-214
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  • 24
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    Remote sensing and snowpack management (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The present work describes the use of an airborne electromagnetic sensing system for measuring snowpack depth, density, and water content. A transmitter sends a sequence of pulses of stepped frequencies, and the reflections are measured by a sensitive receiver. The combination of the snowpack and the earth interacts with the electromagnetic wave so as to modify the characteristics of the reflected signals. The variation of the reflected intensity with frequency provides the desired data. A theoretical analysis of return signal and snowpack parameter relationships is given, and the results of experimental verification of the theory are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: American Water Works Association; vol. 66
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  • 25
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    Wheat - Its growth and disease severity as deduced from ERTS-1 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The spectral reflectance of a cropped surface changes as the plant develops. An indicator of crop growth is leaf area index (ratio of green leaf area to soil area). The leaf area index, disease severity, and yield were determined for several winter wheat fields in Kansas during the 1973 growing season. Multispectral scanner (MSS) data from Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 (ERTS-1) showed a high correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.90) between crop growth and MSS4/MSS5, and crop growth and MSS5/MSS6. Wheat disease severity and yields were significantly correlated at the 5% level with MSS4/MSS6 and with MSS4/MSS7. Further investigation is required before ERTS imagery can be routinely used detecting and estimating disease severity and yield reduction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 3; 4, 19; 1974
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  • 26
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    Microwave maps of the polar ice of the earth (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Synoptic views of the entire polar regions of earth have been obtained free of the usual persistent cloud cover using a scanning microwave radiometer operating at a wavelength of 1.55 cm on board the Nimbus-5 satellite. Three different views at each pole are presented utilizing data obtained at approximately one-month intervals from December 1972 to February 1973. Large discrepancies exist between the long-term ice cover depicted in various atlases and the actual extent of the canopies. The distribution of multiyear ice in the north polar region is markedly different from that predicted by existing ice dynamics models. Irregularities in the edge of the Antarctic sea ice pack occur that have neither been observed previously nor anticipated. The brightness temperatures of the Greenland and Antarctic glaciers show interesting contours probably related to the ice and snow morphologic structure.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 55
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  • 27
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    Contribution of space platforms to a ground and airborne remote-sensing programme over active Italian volcanoes (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: ERTS-1 imagery of the volcanic areas of southern Italy was used primarily for the evaluation of space platform capabilties in the domains of regional geology, soil and rock-type classification and, more generally, to study the environment of active volcanoes. The test sites were selected and equipped primarily to monitor thermal emission, but ground truth data was also collected in other domains (reflectance of rocks, soils and vegetation). The test areas were overflown with a two channel thermal scanner, while a thermo camera was used on the ground to monitor the hot spots. The primary goal of this survey was to plot the changes in thermal emission with time in the framework of a research program for the surveillance of active volcanoes. However, another task was an evaluation of emissivity changes by comparing the outputs of the two thermal channels. These results were compared with the reflectance changes observed on multispectral ERTS-1 imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESRO European Earth-Resources Satellite Expts.; p 185-197
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  • 28
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    Infrared remote sounding (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Atmospheric radiation was measured as a function of wavelength, position, angle, and time. Radiation was determined by temperature, cloud (aerosol), composition, and surface emissivity measurements. The theory of radiative transfer is reviewed, along with retrieval methods. Instruments onboard space probes for infrared remote sounding of planetary atmospheres are also described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Calif. Univ. Proc. of the UCLA Intern. Conf. on Radiation and Remote Probing of the Atmosphere; p 471-506
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  • 29
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    Refinement of the Goloseyev catalog point coordinates in the limb zone and determination of point coordinates on the back side of the moon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Lunar photography from Zond 6 showed half the side of the moon which is not visible from the earth, and this made it possible to construct a photogrammetric grid encompassing the entire Western Hemisphere and referenced to points of the visible side, whose coordinates were taken from the Goloseyev catalog. The problem was solved using two pictures taken from approximately 9000 km above the lunar surface. The photogrammetric grid was constructed by joint statistical analysis of the measurements of both pictures and the selenographic coordinates of the catalog points. A special algorithm was developed and a program compiled realizing the maximum likelihood method which permitted working with up to 120 catalog points simultaneously.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 257-272
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  • 30
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    Determination of selenographic coordinates of lunar surface points from single pictures obtained from Zond 6 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Pictures of the lunar surface with an image of practically the entire lunar limb were obtained from the Zond 6 spacecraft. During the time of exposure, the entire lunar surface covered by these photographs was illuminated by the sun. Such single pictures were used to find the external orientation elements and selenographic coordinates of the photographed lunar surface points. The selenographic coordinate system was specified by the Goloseyev catalog and was realized by points of this catalog identified on the pictures and termed reference points. Craters located on the invisible side of the moon and also other points of the Goloseyev catalog, which could be used as control points, were taken as the points being determined. The technique used to compute the selenographic coordinates of the points is outlined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 272-282
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  • 31
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    Determination of dynamic corrections to point coordinates of photographs obtained by the Zond 6 and Zond 8 spacecraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The linear and angular motions of the Zond 6 and Zond 8 spacecraft imaging camera during the exposure cause displacements of the optical image points. In the case of instantaneous exposure of each individual point and the nonsimultaneous exposure of the complete frame, this leads to finite geometric shifts of the points without causing blurring of the photographic image. Therefore, when measuring the resulting photographic pictures, the problem arises of reducing the picture point positions to a common instant of time. This reduction is performed by means of dynamic corrections to the measured picture point coordinates. These corrections are found by using formulas of dynamic photogrammetry. Their use with the Zond space probe photographs is described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 245-257
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  • 32
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    Evaluating the accuracy of selenodesic reference grids (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Estimates were made of the accuracy of reference point grids using the technique of calculating the errors from theoretical analysis. Factors taken into consideration were: telescope accuracy, number of photographs, and libration amplitude. To solve the problem, formulas were used for the relationship between the coordinates of lunar surface points and their images on the photograph.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 231-245
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  • 33
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    Identification characteristics of certain lunar relief forms on pictures obtained from spacecraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This investigation was restricted to the determination of recognitional characteristics of a single type of relief form, dimple craters on the surface of maria. These craters were arbitrarily considered as closed, negative relief forms, circular in plan-view, and symmetric relative to the center. Two techniques were used to determine the shadow configuration in the craters: (1) experimental determination of the shadow edge by illuminating the models of different profile shapes with a parallel light beam; and (2) geometric construction of the shadow edge using a vertical section of the formation in the direction of the solar rays. A morphological map of the surface which includes the following factors can be compiled using the proposed identification technique: crater profile nature, crater diameter, ratio of diameter and depth, sharpness of the lip, and distribution density of the forms.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 205-215
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  • 34
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    Use of TV pictures obtained from weather satellites to study the geological structure of the earth (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of Soviet investigations into the use of television imagery obtained from meteorological satellites for the interpretation of tectonics, lithology, and structural properties of the earth. The area investigated encompassed the eastern part of Iran, and the western regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Interpretation of the features identified during the analysis was accomplished by comparing these features with physical, geographic, geological, and tectonic maps. It was concluded that television pictures of the earth from space can be used for geological and structural analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 190-194
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    On the determination of certain astronomical, selenodesic, and gravitational parameters of the moon (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method was examined for joint construction of a selenocentric fundamental system which can be realized by a coordinate catalog of reference contour points uniformly positioned over the entire lunar surface, and determination of the parameters characterizing the gravitational field, rotation, and orbital motion of the moon. Characteristic of the problem formulation is the introduction of a new complex of inconometric measurements which can be made using pictures obtained from an artificial lunar satellite. The proposed method can be used to solve similar problems on any other planet for which surface images can be obtained from a spacecraft. Characteristic of the proposed technique for solving the problem is the joint statistical analysis of all forms of measurements: orbital iconometric, earth-based trajectory, and also a priori information on the parameters in question which is known from earth-based astronomical studies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 215-231
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    Experience in integrated geological and geographical interpretation of space photographs obtained in the USSR (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two examples of regional interpretation of imagery acquired from satellite photographic and television systems are discussed. The imagery was taken aboard the Zond 7 and Kosmos satellites, and depicted; (1) sand and dust storm activity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea area; and (2) landscape and structural properties of territory of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 182-189
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  • 37
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    Geological and geophysical studies from space and prospects for their development (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The possibilities of using images obtained by devices which detect the reflected and self-radiation of the the earth's surface and atmosphere in other parts of the spectrum, other than visible, were analyzed. Considered were: (1) infrared; (2) radiothermal; and (3) magnetic field.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 174-181
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  • 38
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    System for electronic transformation and geographic correlation of satellite television information (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An electronic transformation and correlation system has been developed for the Meteor space weather system which provides transformation and scaling of the original picture, accounts for satellite flight altitude and inclinations of the optical axes of the transmitting devices, and simultaneously superposes the geographical coordinate grid on the transformed picture.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 155-164
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  • 39
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    Geographical correlation of TV and IR images obtained from weather satellites (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The requirements on the accuracy of geographical correlation of TV and IR cloud cover images are determined by the objective of the analysis of the weather information contained in these images. In the operational analysis case, the correlation accuracy need not be high. Errors of several tens of kilometers in determining the location of the cloud formation contours are considered acceptable in this case. Such correlation must be provided in real image reception time. Scientific studies require accurate correlation of the cloud formation contours. The errors in determining their position should be commensurate with the imaging system resolution. The geometric aspects of developing methods and equipment for geographical correlation of television and infrared images of cloud cover taken from Meteor satellites are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 146-155
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  • 40
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    Geographic correlation of television pictures obtained from weather satellites (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The geographical control of satellite pictures, using the terminology of aerial photography, can be treated as the problem of analysis of a single picture with the objective of obtaining a ground contour map. Studies have shown the possibility and capability of the method of composing photographic maps from transformed television pictures. Optico-mechanical transformation solves the problem of geographical correlation for operational purposes. However, this technique does not compensate for electronic distortion, and accounts for earth sphericity only approximately. However, for certain purposes (studying ice drift), the maximum possible accuracy is required. Analytic geographical correlation methods using digital computers should be considered promising.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 143-145
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  • 41
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    Geometric distortions of autocollimation type scanners (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: One criterion of image quality is its geometric similarity to the control test. The ability of television, phototelevision, phototelegraphic, and other systems to transmit geometrically similar images is characterized by the geometric distortion coefficient. Linear distortions result from the inaccuracy of scanning mechanism element assembly, and distortions can be minimized during adjustment operations or may be easily compensated during image reception. Brief descriptions are given of the possible sources of nonlinear distortions which arise in these devices due to the scanning mechanism, objective distortion, or the nodding mirror.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 48-51
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  • 42
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    Geometric distortions of opticommercial panoramic television systems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: One of the problems solvable by the spaceborne television system, topographical surveying, makes high demands on image quality, particularly on the geometric distortions introduced by the television camera. It is the geometric distortions which determine measurement accuracy and, consequently, the possibility of creating reliable planetary surface maps. Comparative analysis of the different television systems capable of solving the problem showed that the requirements on quality of the transmitted images are best satisfied by television cameras with opticomechanical scanning. The design of panoramic television systems and the process of image construction by the opticomechanical camera are discussed. Results indicate that panoramic television cameras have the necessary instrumental accuracy and permit determination of the direction to objects with an error practically equal to the resolution.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 51-59
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  • 43
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    Determining iconometric parameters of imaging devices using a wide-angle collimator (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of determining the iconometric parameters of the imaging device can be solved if the camera being calibrated is used to obtain the image of a group of reference points, the directions to which are known. In order to specify the imaging device coordinate system, it is sufficient in principle to obtain on the picture the images of three reference points which do not lie on a single straight line. Many more such points are required in order to determine the distortion corrections, and they must be distributed uniformly over the entire field of view of the camera being calibrated. Experimental studies were made using this technique to calibrate photographic and phototelevision systems. Evaluation of the results of these experiments permits recommending collimators for calibrating television and phototelevision imaging systems, and also short-focus small-format photographic cameras.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 41-47
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  • 44
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    Future development of IR thermovision weather satellite equipment (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The self radiation of the surface being viewed is used for image synthesis in IR thermovision equipment. The installation of such equipment aboard weather satellites makes it possible to obtain cloud cover pictures of the earth's surface in a complete orbit, regardless of the illumination conditions, and also provides quantitative information on the underlying surface temperature and cloud top height. Such equipment is used successfully aboard the Soviet satellites of the Meteor system, and experimentally on the American satellites of the Nimbus series. With regard to surface resolution, the present-day IR weather satellite equipment is inferior to the television equipment. This is due primarily to the comparatively low detectivity of the IR detectors used. While IR equipment has several fundamental advantages in comparison with the conventional television equipment, the problem arises of determining the possibility for future development of weather satellite IR thermovision equipment. Criteria are examined for evaluating the quality of IR.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 29-41
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  • 45
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    Iconics and iconology (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The term iconics covers the complex of methods and equipment for obtaining images, integrated on a common methodological basis. The concept combines such methods and equipment for obtaining images as photography, television, phototelevision, thermovision, and radar. The term iconics has been used previously, but in a narrower sense, as the name for the theory of image reproduction systems, primarily in the sense of their optimization. Iconics must include two branches; theoretical and practical. The system optimization problem then takes its place in theoretical iconics along with other problems. The term iconology has been proposed to cover the complex of image interpretation methods and equipment.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 1-20
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  • 46
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    Prospects for the development of phototelevision methods in space studies (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In-space imaging of the surface of celestial bodies can be carried out by both television and photographic equipment. Television equipment of various types has the important property of being capable of transmitting imagery in real time. Frequently this is not possible because of the nature of information transmission over the spacecraft-ground communication line. The inadequate energy handling capacity of the communication lines usually requires storage of the video information aboard the spacecraft for subsequent transmission at a definite time and rate. For this purpose, the television camera can be connected with a magnetic memory, or the television imagery may be stored on photographic film. The television/photographic film system has been termed phototelevision. The choice of a system of one type or the other is dictated by several considerations, the most important of which are the size and weight characteristics, other conditions being the same (power consumption, reliability, etc.). The advantages and disadvantages of the two systems are discussed and examples are given of types of satellites on which the two types have been employed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 21-28
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  • 47
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    Mineral resources, geological structures, and landform surveys (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Since March 1973 there has been a shift in ERTS results in geology from the initial show-and-tell stage to a period in which scientific studies predominated, and now to an emphasis on effective applications having economic benefits and clearcut relevance to national needs. Many years will be spent on geological tasks resulting from ERTS alone; reconnaissance mapping in inaccessible regions, map revisions, regional or synoptic analysis of crustal fractures, assessment of dynamic surficial processes, systematic search for mineral wealth, use of sophisticated enhancement techniques, recognition of potential geologic hazards, and many more applications that still need to be defined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 147-167
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  • 48
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    Land use and mapping (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The ERTS program provides data that can be used to derive information relative to the actual use of the land resource, in a practical and timely manner. ERTS data provide coverage of total land areas, and its repetitive nature enables the detection and monitoring of changes taking place in land use. Generally, the techniques and the procedures used to extract information from ERTS data may be categorized as pertaining to either the interpretations of ERTS imagery or to the use of digital data and computer techniques. Examples are given of the use of ERTS-1 data for land use classification in: (1) New England areas; (2) Chesapeake Bay and Washington, D.C.; (3) Mississippi Gulf Coast; (4) Los Angeles, California; (5) Houston, Texas; and (6) Phoenix, Arizona.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 138-146
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  • 49
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    Water resources (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: ERTS-1 applications in snow and ice monitoring, surface water monitoring, including monitoring of wetland areas and flood inundated area mapping, and also watershed monitoring for runoff prediction are discussed. Results also indicate that geological features can be noted which relate to ground water. ERTS-1 data can be used successfully in operational situations by water resources management agencies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 126-137
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  • 50
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    Agriculture, forestry, range resources (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The necessary elements to perform global inventories of agriculture, forestry, and range resources are being brought together through the use of satellites, sensors, computers, mathematics, and phenomenology. Results of ERTS-1 applications in these areas, as well as soil mapping, are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 116-125
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  • 51
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    Automated strip mine and reclamation mapping from ERTS (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In response to the urgent need for a faster and more economical means of generating strip mine and reclamation maps, a study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of using ERTS computer compatible tape for automatic mapping. The procedure uses computer target spectral recognition techniques as a basis for classification. The area encompassed by this investigation includes five counties in eastern Ohio that comprise nearly 7,500 square kilometers (3,000 square miles). The counties have been disrupted by coal mining since the early 1800's, and strip mining has been practiced in all of them. The environmental effects of strip mining are also discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 87-101
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  • 52
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    A review of initial investigations to utilize ERTS-1 data in determining the availability and distribution of living marine resources (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The National Marine Fisheries Service has been studying the application of aerospace remote sensing to fisheries management and utilization for many years. The 15-month ERTS study began in July 1972 to: (1) determine the reliability of satellite and high altitude sensors to provide oceanographic parameters in coastal waters; (2) demonstrate the use of remotely-sensed oceanographic information to predict the distribution and abundance of adult menhaden; and (3) demonstrate the potential use of satellites for acquiring information for improving the harvest and management of fisheries resources. The study focused on a coastal area in the north-central portion of the Gulf of Mexico, including parts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The test area used in the final analysis was the Mississippi Sound and the area outside the barrier islands to approximately the 18-meter (10-fathom) curve.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 76-86
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  • 53
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    ERTS program of the US Army Corps of Engineers (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Army Corps of Engineers research and development efforts associated with the ERTS Program are confined to applications of investigation, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of water resource projects. Problems investigated covered: (1) resource inventory; (2) environmental impact; (3) pollution monitoring; (4) water circulation; (5) sediment transport; (6) data collection systems; (7) engineering; and (8) model verification. These problem areas were investigated in relation to bays, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, coasts, and regions. ERTS-1 imagery has been extremely valuable in developing techniques and is now being used in everyday applications.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 62-75
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    An evaluation of the suitability of ERTS data for the purposes of petroleum exploration (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This investigation was undertaken to determine the types and amounts of information valuable to petroleum exploration that are extractable from ERTS data and to determine the cost of obtaining the information from ERTS relative to costs using traditional or conventional means. In particular, it was desirable to evaluate this new petroleum exploration tool in a geologically well-known area in order to assess its potential usefulness in an unknown area. In light of the current energy situation, it is felt that such an evaluation is important in order to best utilize technical efforts with customary exploration tools, by rapidly focusing attention on the most promising areas in order to reduce the time required to go through the exploration cycle and to maximize cost savings. The Anadarko Basin lies in western Oklahoma and the panhandle of Texas (Figure 1). It was chosen as a test site because there is a great deal of published information available on the surface and subsurface geology of the area, there are many known structures that act as traps for hydrocarbons, and it is similar to several other large epicontinental sedimentary basins.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 50-61
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    Geologic evaluation and applications of ERTS-1 imagery over Georgia (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Satellite imagery and other remote sensing tools and techniques have provided a powerful tool to assist geologic research; significantly increased the mapping efficiency of field geologists; shown new lineaments associated with known shear and fault zones; delineated new structural features; provided a tool to reevaluate tectonic history; helped to locate potential ground-water sources and areas of aquifer recharge; defined areas of geologic hazards; shown areas of heavy siltation in major reservoirs; and, by close interval repetition, aided in monitoring surface mine reclamation activities and the environmental protection of the intricate marshland system. The Georgia Geological Survey has been engaged in regional mapping for the new state geologic map. ERTS-1 images enlarged to compatible mapping scales have increased field geologic mapping efficiency by at least 25%. There are a number of areas where data from ERTS-1 imagery has allowed a notably higher level of precision than has been available with any amount of field work on the ground.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 41-49
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    Environmental surveys in Alaska based upon ERTS data (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Alaskan applications of ERTS data are summarized. Areas discussed are: (1) land use; (2) archaeology; (3) vegetation mapping; (4) ice reporting and mapping; (5) permafrost; (6) mineral and oil exploration; (7) geological surveys; (8) seismology; (9) geological faults and structures; (10) hydrology and water resources; (11) glaciology; (12) water circulation in Cook Inlet; and (13) fish and mammal populations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 12-40
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    The Canadian ERTS program (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Under a four-year collaborative agreement between the United States and Canada, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) reads out and distributes the ERTS data of Canada. The Canadian receiving station is at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and covers most of Canada except for the East Coast. Production statistics on Canadian ERTS imagery, a summary of several cost benefit case histories, and recommendations for the future of the international aspects of ERTS are discussed and evaluated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 7-11
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  • 58
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    Monitoring the presence of foreign bodies in the equipment (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The methods for monitoring the presence of foreign bodies in radio electronic equipment are discussed. Descriptions of the structural design under the operating principle of the device for detecting foreign bodies weighing to 0.0026 grams are given.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 100-102
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  • 59
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    Process for manufacturing slit collimators (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Peculiarities are described of the manufacturing process and the control of elements of slit collimators, the structural design of the required equipment and the process or assembling the collimators.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 89-91
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  • 60
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    Method of applying a mirror reflecting layer to instrument parts (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method follows for applying a mirror reflecting layer to the surfaces of parts, instruments, apparatus, and so on. A brief analysis is presented of the existing methods of obtaining the mirror surface and the advantages of the new method of obtaining the mirror surface by polymer casting mold are indicated.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 84-88
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  • 61
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    Process of manufacturing small-module gears with internal coupling (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The small module geared coupling of an undulatory transmission is considered. Versions of the manufacture of gears with internal coupling and the instruments and equipment used, are reported.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 77-79
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  • 62
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    Process of manufacturing grids from wire less than 0.025 MM in diameter by the galvanic growth method (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The process of manufacturing grids, the peculiarities of the structural design, the fittings, the requirements on the tools and work area are discussed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 80-83
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  • 63
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    Prospective areas in the production technology of scientific equipment for space research (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The average labor of individual types of operations in the percentage ratio of the total labor consumption of manufacturing scientific instruments and apparatus for space research is presented. The prospective areas in the production technology of billet, machining, mechanical assembly, installation and assembly, adjustment and regulation and testing and control operations are noted. Basic recommendations are made with respect to further reduction of labor consumption and an increase in the productivity of labor when manufacturing scientific equipment for space research.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 69-76
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  • 64
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    Servosystem with an undulatory reducing gear (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of a potentiometric servosystem is described that has a dc microservomotor, which is the built in drive of an undulatory reducing gear. The operation of the system and the structural design of the undulatory reducing gear are elaborated. Results are presented from analyzing some tests of various types of undulatory reducing gear generators.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 44-53
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  • 65
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    Effectiveness of solid lubricant coatings for friction in hard vacuum (10-9 tor) (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of the efficiency of solid lubricating coatings, based on MoS2 with various binders, during friction and under highvacuum conditions. Mass spectrometry was used for an analysis of the composition of the gas evolved from the coatings in the friction process. It is shown that the vacuum level, loading, and sliding velocity influence coating effectiveness. In the friction process the solid lubricant coatings yield characteristic decay products associated with the chemical nature of the binders. The mechanism of coating breakdown during friction is associated with the binder breakdown mechanism.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 99-112
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  • 66
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    Influence of low temperatures of friction and wear (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A brief review of studies on low-temperature friction are briefly reviewed. A facility and technique for studying friction both in air and in vacuum at temperatures of +20 and -190 C is described. Results of a wear study of structural steels operating together with chromium steel are presented. It is shown that reduction of the test temperature in vacuum leads in certain cases to marked increase of the wear magnitude and friction coefficient. This is associated not only with the general change of the mechanical properties of the materials but also with the influence of temperature reduction on the hardening and structural formation taking place in the surface layers during friction.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 65-75
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  • 67
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    Study of the possibility of using solar radiant energy for welding and brazing metals (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The solar spectrum at the surface of the earth is analyzed. A facility for creating concentrated solar radiant energy flux is described, and data on its energetic capabilities are presented. The technology of solar welding by the fusion technique and joining by high-temperature brazing is examined. The use of concentrated solar radiant energy for welding and brazing metals and alloys is shown. The results of mechanical tests and microscopic and macroscopic studies are presented.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 9-18
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  • 68
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    Asperity lubrication and cavitation in face seals (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The basic aspect of parallel-surface lubrication that distinguishes it from other areas of lubrication technology is that classical lubrication theory does not predict the existence of a stable hydrodynamic film for steady-state, isothermal, incompressible flow between smooth, parallel surfaces. Hydrodynamic films between apparently parallel surfaces have been observed in practice and are often essential for the reliable performance of thrust bearings and seals. In order to account for this fortunate discrepancy between classical theory and experiment, load-support mechanisms relating to accidential features characteristic of seal performance, which relax one or more of the assumptions in the classical theory and permit the theoretical prediction of load support are proposed. Some of the features that have been analyzed are vibratory effects such as wobble and bounce, surface waviness, nonsymmetric rotation resulting from various types of misalignment, lubricant density change, non-Newtonian lubricant effects, and surface roughness.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 77-87
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  • 69
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    On particle motion in an electric welding arc treated with sonic or ultrasonic oscillations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The criteria for the stability of the subharmonic, harmonic, or superharmonic oscillations determine the relation between acoustic field parameters and particle parameters. The derived formulas underlie the destruction of the fragile Widmanstatten structure in weldings and therefore the designing of the generators that must be used for this welding process.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 131-138
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  • 70
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    Cracking and reformation of saturated hydrocarbons by ultrasound in the presence of water (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The exposure of saturated hydrocarbons to ultrasound (800 kHz, 6 W/sq cm) in the presence of water results in: (1) cleavage of the carbon chain, producing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with a lower number of carbons than the initial hydrocarbon (cracking); and (2) recombination after cleavage, producing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with a higher number of carbons than the initial hydrocarbon (reformation). The addition of argon facilitates these phenomena. The effects are attributed to a homolytic (radical) mechanism occurring within the cavitation bubbles under the effects of microsparks.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 139-147
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  • 71
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    Contributions to the use of macrosounds for boiler decrusting (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of an investigation indicate the following: (1) The deposition of incrustations on the heating surfaces of steam boilers can be prevented by inserting between heating surface and water an insulating layer on which the boiler incrustation will be deposited. (2) The insulating layer reduces the coefficient of heat transmission by 2%. (3) The insulating layer can be removed by macrosounds with a frequency of about 20 kHz, after any interval of boiler operation.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 126-130
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  • 72
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    Contributions to study of the stability of the electric welding arc under the action of acoustic pressure (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: During the treatment of an electric welding arc with ultrasonic oscillations, an improvement was found in overall source-arc stability. Theoretical explanations are provided for this phenomenon and formulas of equivalence between the classical arc and the treated arc are derived, taking stability as their criterion. A knowledge of this phenomenon can be useful in extending the applications of ultrasounds to different forms of electric arcs.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 118-125
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  • 73
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    Civil and scientific applications of the geoid (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: SEASAT-A can be used for determining the geoid to much higher accuracy on a world wide basis and in a relatively short time. Two basic objectives can be considered: (1) determination of the geoid to at least 1 meter. This accuracy will satisfy most geodetic requirements for applications purposes; and (2) determination of the geoid to better than 1-meter an oceanographic objective required for measurement of sea surface topography and sea slope, quasi-stationary departure from the geoid, ocean circulation, air and sea interaction, etc. The geodesy objective in this case will be to define a reference equipotential surface as a means by which the oceanographic requirements can be achieved.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA, Washington Seasat-A Sci. Contrib.; p 79-84
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  • 74
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    Microwave profiling of snowpack free-water content (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A microwave system is proposed to measure the amount of liquid-phase water in a snowpack operating in the range of 1 to 10 GHz. Attenuation of the beam between source and receivers is produced by the water in the snow. The relationships of frequency, distance, and volume percent of water are calculated for an assumed detector sensitivity, together with the estimated cost of a representative system. A laboratory test is described that shows the attenuation for snow at maximum wetness at 9.35 GHz. A configuration is proposed that involves a vertical tube containing microwave and radioactive sources and another vertical tube containing microwave and gamma-ray detectors, so that density and wetness profiles are obtained simultaneously over essentially the same path.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 75
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    Acoustical levitation for space processing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that many space-manufacturing processes will require the manipulation of weightless molten material within a container in such a way that the material does not touch the container wall. A description is given of an acoustical method which can be used for the positioning and shaping of any molten material including nonconductors such as glasses. The new approach makes use of an acoustical standing wave which is excited within an enclosure or resonator.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; July-Aug
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  • 76
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    Auger analysis of films formed on metals in sliding contact with halogenated polymers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to search for transferred polymer must contend with the fact that there has been no published work on Auger analysis of polymers. Since this is a new area for AES, the Auger spectra of polymers and of halogenated polymers in particular is discussed. It is shown that the Auger spectra of halogenated polymers have certain characteristics that permit an assessment of whether a polymeric transfer film has been established by sliding contact. The discussion is general and the concepts should be useful in considering the Auger analysis of any polymer. The polymers chosen for this study are the halogenated polymers polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polychlorotrifluorethylene (PCTFE).
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; July 197
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  • 77
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    Research on wood bending in a macrosonic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Woodworking often requires the wood to be bent into different shapes. In view of the fact that macrosonic waves compress and expand the medium through which they are being propagated we assumed that wood subjected to the action of these waves during the bending process would have enhanced plasticity as a result of the loosening-up that takes place in it, as well as of the reduction in effort. To this effect, the bending of wood plasticized in a macrosonic field was studied. This bending took place under good conditions, and structural analyses conducted with the aid of an electron microscope proved initial premises to be corrent. Applied on an industrial scale, this procedure would contribute to improving the technology of wood bending as well as to eliminating factory spoilage.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 234-237
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  • 78
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    Some aspects of using ultrasounds to improve sulfurous mineral flotation technology (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results are discussed which were obtained with a new method of desorption of collector reagents connected with improving the selectivity of the flotation of copper and lead concentrate through the action of ultrasounds. Analysis of the results obtained by treating copper and lead concentrate in an ultraacoustic field indicates an increase in the copper content of the copper concentrate, of the lead content in the lead concentrate and, at the same time, a reduction in the lead of the copper concentrate.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 112-117
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  • 79
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    On the dynamic stability of the focus of deformation in the cold drawing of tubes on an ultrasonically activated plug (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the case of macrosonic drawing, it was experimentally determined that tube eccentricity is less than in the case of tube drawing without macrosonics. On this basis, a theoretical analysis was carried out of the effect of macrosounds on tube eccentricity, an analysis that qualitatively confirms the experimental data.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-15663); p 102-111
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  • 80
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    Some research concerning the cold drawing of tubes on an ultrasonically activated plug (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results are discussed of studies of the influence of macrosounds on a metal's friction and deformation conditions at the focus of deformation, on the mechanical characteristics of cold-drawn tubes, and on the dynamic stability of the focus of deformation. In the course of these studies, experimental equipment was developed and perfected. Under the proposed conditions the cold drawing of tubes on an ultrasonically activated plug turned out to be viable and efficient.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 89-96
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  • 81
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    Powder pressing in a macrosonic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation was conducted to extend the technology of powder product manufacturing to new forms and sizes, to improve their quality as well as pressing efficiency and to reduce waste. In the course of metal and nonmetal powder briquette pressing, macrosounds were associated with the external static pressing force, which led to an increase in the relative height, density and physicomechanical characteristics of the briquettes. This method permits the extension of the range of products that can be manufactured from powders and the improvement of their quality.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 77-83
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  • 82
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    Metalworking with ultrasonic energy (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of ultrasonic radiation for metal working of steel is discussed. It is stated that the productivity of the ultrasonic working is affected by the hardness of the material to be worked, the oscillation amplitude, the abrasive temperature, and the grain size. The factors that contribute to an increase in the dislocation speed are analyzed. Experimental data are provided to substantiate the theoretical parameters.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 60-66
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  • 83
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    Contributions to the study of ultrasonic machining (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Problems in the industrial application of ultrasounds are discussed. Starting from the industrial characteristics of ultrasonic working, especially of hard and fragile materials that are difficult to work by means of conventional methods, the characteristics of the feed system, the circulation system of the abrasive suspension, and the ultra-acoustic unit of machines for ultrasonic working are described. Experiments on the behavior of different types of ultra-acoustic unit design and on the optimal operating conditions connected with the manner of execution, fixation, and excitation conditions are analyzed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 53-59
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  • 84
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    Application of very long baseline interferometry to Astrometry and Geodesy: effects of frequency standard instability on accuracy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The accuracy of geodetic and astrometric information obtained from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations is dependent upon the stability of the frequency standard, or clock, used at each site of VLBI array. The sensitivities of two hydrogen maser frequency standards of different design to pressure, temperature, and magnetic field variations were measured; and, for one of the standards, sensitivity was found to be severe enough to degrade the information content of VLBI measurements. However, the effect on the geometric and astrometric information of such clock instabilities, with time scales of hours or greater, can be sharply reduced through the use of differencing techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Its Proc. of the Sixth Ann. Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Planning Meeting; p 349-359
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  • 85
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    Effect of gravity on liquid phase sintering (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The unique conditions offered by the earth orbital environment in material processing involving both solid and liquid phases, such as liquid phase sintering, were studied. An experimental development program involving both test and theoretical work was initiated. Experimental work using material combinations selected such that maximum information about the effect of gravity can be derived has been conducted. Wetting of the solid phase by the liquid during sintering is an important phenomenon in liquid phase sintering, and gravity has influence on both capillary phenomenon and density segregation; hence, material combinations were selected such that these two effects can be suitably studies. The experimental work is meant to form the basis for similar comparative work done under low-g conditions. The part of the model dealing with the capillary phenomenon, as related to liquid phase sintering and the effect of gravity on it, suggest that gravity will have negligible effect on the Bond number and that the cohesive force is dependent on both the amount of liquid phase and the angle of contact.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 963-1001
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  • 86
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    Acoustic field positioning for containerless processing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The non-contact positioning of materials in a space processing chamber is accomplished using a new type of acoustic levitator. Liquid and solid materials are positioned using a single source of sound. Fine control of position may be obtained by motion of an acoustical reflector. Electrical power required is usually less than 100 watts. The system operates satisfactorily at high and low temperatures and is adaptable as an add-on feature to existing space experiments. Containerless melting and solidification can be performed and a freely suspended liquid can be shaped to the contour of the sound field. Experiments are described in which aluminum, glass and plastic materials are melted and solidified in the containerless state. The system has applications to containerless crystal growth, melting and related processes.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 647-677
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  • 87
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    Acoustical positioning chamber for space processing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: By readily levitating, positioning, and manipulating materials placed in it, the acoustical resonator can serve a variety of space processing operations, such as drawing crystals, degassing, and stirring of melts, and casting.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 679-690
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  • 88
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    System design considerations for free-fall materials processing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The design constraints for orbiting materials processing systems are dominated by the limitations of the flight vehicle/crew and not by the processes themselves. Although weight, size and power consumption are all factors in the design of normal laboratory equipment, their importance is increased orders of magnitude when the equipment must be used in an orbital facility. As a result, equipment intended for space flight may have little resemblance to normal laboratory apparatus although the function to be performed may be identical. The same considerations influence the design of the experiment itself. The processing requirements must be carefully understood in terms of basic physical parameters rather than defined in terms of equipment operation. Preliminary experiments and analysis are much more vital to the design of a space experiment than they are on earth where iterative development is relatively easy. Examples of these various considerations are illustrated with examples from the M518 and MA-010 systems. While these are specific systems, the conclusions apply to the design of flight materials processing systems both present and future.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 595-601
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  • 89
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    Data resolution versus forestry classification (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10189 , NASA-CR-160610
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  • 90
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    Land use mapping in Erie County, Pennsylvania: A pilot study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. A pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of mapping land use in the Great Lakes Basin area utilizing ERTS-1 data. Small streams were clearly defined by the presence of trees along their length in predominantly agricultural country. Field patterns were easily differentiated from forested areas; dairy and beef farms were differentiated from other farmlands, but no attempt was made to identify crops. Large railroad lines and major highway systems were identified. The city of Erie and several smaller towns were identified, as well as residential areas between these towns, and docks along the shoreline in Erie. Marshes, forests, and beaches within Presque Isle State Park were correctly identified, using the DCLUS program. Bay water was differentiated from lake water, with a small amount of misclassification.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10401 , NASA-CR-143394 , ORSER-SSEL-TR-24-74
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  • 91
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    TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 5: Detailed system requirements: Two case studies (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Major resource management missions to be performed by the TERSSE are examined in order to develop an understanding of the form and function of a system designed to perform an operational mission. Factors discussed include: resource manager (user) functions, methods of performing their function, the information flows and information requirements embodied in their function, and the characteristics of the observation system which assists in the management of the resource involved. The missions selected for study are: world crop survey and land resources management. These missions are found to represent opposite ends of the TERSSE spectrum and to support the conclusion that different missions require different systems and must be analyzed in detail to permit proper system development decisions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-141771
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  • 92
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    Skylab 4 photographic index and scene identification (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A quick reference guide to the photographic imagery obtained on Skylab 4 is presented. Place names and descriptors used give sufficient information to identify frames for discussion purposes and are not intended to be used for ground nadir or geographic coverage purposes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72440 , JL12-603
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  • 93
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    Performance of gas-lubricated cruciform-mounted tilting-pad journal bearings and a damped flexibly mounted spiral-groove thrust bearing (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A test program was conducted to determine the performance characteristics of gas-lubricated cruciform-mounted tilting-pad journal bearings and a damped spiral-groove thrust bearing designed for the Brayton cycle rotating unit (BRU). Hydrostatic, hybrid (simultaneously hydrostatic and hydrodynamic), and hydrodynamic tests were conducted in argon gas at ambient pressure and temperature ranges representative of operation to the 10.5 kWe BRU power-generating level. Performance of the gas lubricated bearings is presented including hydrostatic gas flow rates, bearing clearances, bearing temperatures, and transient performance.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2999 , E-7675
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  • 94
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    Effect of surface topography on structural growth of thick sputtered films (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Primarily thick sputtered S-Monel, silver, and 304 stainless steel coatings were deposited on mica, glass, and metal substrates with various surface finishes to investigate the structural growth of the coating by scanning electron microscopy. Compositional changes within the coating were analyzed by X-ray dispersion microscopy. Defects in the surface finish act as preferential nucleation sites and form isolated and complex nodules and various surface overgrowths in the coating. These nodules do not disappear after full annealing. Further, they have undesirable effects on mechanial properties; cracks are initiated at the nodules when the coating is stressed by mechanical forces. These effects are illustrated by micrographs. Nodular growth within a coating can be minimized or eliminated by reducing the surface roughness.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7577 , E-7655
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  • 95
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    Mapping of the major structures of the African rift system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10215 , NASA-CR-142401
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  • 96
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    Study to demonstrate the feasibility of and determine the optimum method for remote haze monitoring by satellite (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10226 , NASA-CR-142412
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  • 97
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    Application of ERTS-1 imagery to land use, forest density and soil investigations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10222 , NASA-CR-142408
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  • 98
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    Correlation of ocean truth data with ERTS-1 imagery: California coastal sites in Monterey Bay, Santa Barbara Channel, and Santa Monica Bay (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10220 , NASA-CR-142406
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigations using data in Alabama from ERTS-A, volume 3 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10225 , NASA-CR-142409
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigations using data in Alabama from ERTS-A, volume 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10223 , NASA-CR-142411
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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