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  • Articles  (46)
  • Animals
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Oryza sativa
  • Springer  (46)
  • 1985-1989  (46)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of plasmid-like DNAs from mitochondria of cytoplasmic male-sterile rice (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA ; Oryza sativa ; Plasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two plasmid-like DNAs, B2 and B3, were isolated from mitochondria of the cytoplasmic malesterile rice, A-58 CMS. Molecular clones having their complete sequences were constructed and used as probes of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes by Southern hybridization. No evidence was found that integrated copies of either one exist in the main mitochondrial genome, but sequences homologous to both were present in the nuclear genome. The complete nucleotide sequences of B2 and B3 were established and compared to those of rice B1 and B4 and to the 1.9-and the 1.4-kbp plasmid-like DNAs of maize. Many of the sequences were common to both plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419915
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach to chromosome doubling for haploid rice plants (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Haploid ; Nodal segment ; Colchicine ; Chromosome doubling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rice nodal segments from three flowering haploids were excised and treated for different lengths of time with 0.3% or 0.4% colchicine (dissolved in 2% DMSO) in an attempt to induce fertile seeds. A combination of higher colchicine concentration and longer hours of treatment reduced the survival rate of treated segments, but more fertile plants were transformed. Pooled data showed that of the 842 segments used, 42.2% survived the treatment and sprouted, but only 31.9% were successfully established and grown to maturity. Among the 269 mature plants, 29,4% produced fertile seeds (panicles) with an average of 146.2 seeds per diploidized plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292330
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate reductase induction and molecular characterization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrate reductase ; Oryza sativa ; mRNA ; Genomic clones ; Induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Barley nitrate reductase cDNA clone bNRp10 was used as a hybridization probe to screen a genomic DNA library of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar M201. Two different lambda clones were isolated, subcloned to plasmids, and partially characterized. The subclone pHBH1 was tentatively identified as encoding a NADH nitrate reductase. Southern and dot blot analysis suggest that, in rice, nitrate reductase is encoded by a small gene family. Regulation of NADH nitrate reductase was investigated in rice cultivars Labelle and M201 representing the subspecies indica and japonica, respectively. In the absence of nitrate, only trace levels of nitrate reductase activity and mRNA were detected in seedling leaves. Upon addition of nitrate to seedling roots, nitrate reductase activity and mRNA increased rapidly in leaves. Nitrate reductase activity continued to increase over a 24 h period, but the mRNA accumulation peaked at about 6 h and then declined. Western blot analysis with a barley NADH nitrate reductase antiserum showed the presence of two bands of approximately 115 and 105 kDa. These protein bands were not detected in extracts of tissue grown in the absence of nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330570
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential digestion of chloroplast nuclei (nucleoids) during senescence of the coleoptile ofOryza sativa (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aging ; Oryza sativa ; Plastid nuclei (nucleoids) ; Degeneration ; Chloroplast DNA ; Coleoptile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The coleoptile ofOryza sativa develops, grows and ages within 4 days that follow imbibition. It is, thus, a very useful system for experimental analysis of the life cycle of organelles, for example, the development, growth and aging of plastids in higher plants. We examined the behavior and levels of DNA and chlorophyll in the plastid by epifluorescence microscopy after staining with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and by fluorimetry with a video-intensified-photon counting system (VIMPCS). The whitish yellow coleoptile appeared soon after imbibition and, between the first 24 and 60 h that followed imbibition, it grew markedly in a longitudinal direction, with concomitant elongation of the cells, and an increase in the volume of plastids and in the amount of DNA in the plastids. The chlorophyll content per plastid began to increase when the coleoptile turned green, 48 h after imbibition, and reached a plateau value when the coleoptile was 3.5 mm in length, 72 h after imbibition. More than 12 h later, the chlorophyll disappeared just before the breakdown of chloroplasts was initiated. Proplastids in young coleoptiles, contained a plastid nucleus which was located in the central area of the plastids and each nucleus consisted of approximately 6 copies of plastid DNA (ptDNA). The number of copies of ptDNA per plastid increased gradually, with a concomitant increase in the volume of the plastids after imbibition, and reached approximately 130 times the value in the young proplastids, 60 h after imbibition, when the plastid developed into a chloroplast. However, each plastid nucleus did not scatter throughout the entire interior region of each chloroplast. The disappearance of each plastid nucleus occurred more than 12 h before the degeneration of the chloroplasts. The number of plastids per cell increased from 10 to 15 in young coleoptiles within 12 h after imbibition. Yet the number remained constant throughout subsequent growth and aging of the coleoptile. Thus the preferential reduction in the amount of chloroplast DNA was not due to the division of the plastid but could, perhaps, be associated directly with the aging of the cells of the coleoptile which precedes senescence of the coleoptiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323063
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of rice to the growth and nitrogen fixation inAzolla caroliniana andAzolla pinnata at varying rates of phosphate fertilization (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla caroliniana ; Azolla pinnata ; nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; phosphate fertilizer ; rice yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of rice toAzolla caroliniana, newly introduced in India, was compared with the reponse to the local isolate ofAzolla pinnata at varying rates of phosphate fertilizer (4.4–8.8 kg P ha−1) during a wet and a dry season. Fresh weight, dry weight and fixed N were more for both species 21 DAI (days after inoculation) than 14 DAI, but acetylene reduction activity (ARA) was higher 14 DAI than 21 DAI. Dry weight of Azolla and fixed N were less 14 DAI forA. caroliniana than forA. pinnata during the wet season. Twenty-one DAI, fresh weight ofA. caroliniana was 62.1 and 27.6% higher than that ofA. pinnata during the wet and dry season, respectively. However, dry weight and fixed N were more 21 DAI inA. caroliniana than inA. pinnata during only the wet season. The ARA was higher inA. caroliniana both 14 and 21 DAI, irrespective of season. The presence of either species in the rice field increased grain yield, straw yield, number of panicles m−2, number of grains per panicle and reduced percentage sterility during both the wet and the dry season. Phosphate application significantly increased fresh weight, dry weight, ARA and fixed N for both species as well as grain and straw yields of rice. The responses to phosphate fertilizer were similar for both Azolla species and for rice grown with either one of the Azolla species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritacne of submergence tolerance in rice (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 41 (1989), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; deepwater rice ; submergence tolerance ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated in an 8×8 diallel cross. Duration to 50% mortality of the diallel populations (F1's + parents) under completely submerged conditions at the seedling stage was used to characterize submergence tolerance instead of the usual submergence survival percentages. A strong prepotency of parents was found in transmitting the character to their offspring. Additive and nonadditive gene effects were highly significant. Parents highly tolerant to submergence also had high gca effects, and F1's between two tolerant parents were found to be the most tolerant of the diallel combinations. A high narrow-sense heritability was also observed. The additive-dominance model was found valid for this diallel cross. Submergence tolerance was partially dominant over susceptibility and recessive alleles were more concentrated in the susceptible parents IR42 and IR11288-B-B-69-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021591
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segregation of 12 isozyme genes among doubled haploid lines derived from a japonica x indica cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; doubled haploid ; japonica x indica ; rice isozyme markers ; segregation ; anther culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The segregation of 12 heterozygous isozyme markers was analyzed among F2 plants and 51 anther culture (AC)-derived lines obtained from the japonica × indica cross of rice, IRAT 177 × Apura. All the lines except two were homozygous products of recombination of the two parental phenotypes. Doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from plants regenerated from the same callus were identical, confirming previously obtained results in rice. Surprisingly, some lines derived from different calli were also identical, suggesting a phenomenon of early callus fragmentation. All these observations at the isozyme level were confirmed by field evaluation. Deviations of segregations from the expected 1 : 1 ratio were observed at 4 loci among the DH lines. Among these, two were also noted among the F2 plants. The two other distortions, both in favor of the japonica allele, were observed specifically in the AC-derived materials. Although this concerns a small proportion of the genes under study, it suggests that the embryogenic microsporal population does not represent a random gametic array. On the other hand, evaluation of recombination between isozyme genes located on chromosome 6 appears consistent with F2 data and data previously recorded on the other japonica × indica crosses. The potential use of isozymes in breeding doubled haploids derived from remote crosses in rice is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042614
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A methodology for evaluating a location as a selection site for an international plant breeding program (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rainfed rice ; Central America ; Mexico ; yield and disease selection ; selection site ; probability of coincidence in selection ; probability of divergence in rejection ; target environments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method for comparing locations as selection sites based upon their abilities to predict yield and disease reaction over a target region is proposed. The probability of coincidence in selection for a site is defined as the probability for a line selected at the site to be selected at other sites within the region. The probability of divergence in rejection is defined as that associated with regional selection of a line given that is discarded by the site where selection is being conducted. The ideal selection site would maximize the probability of coincidence in selection and minimize the probability of divergence in rejection. The method is illustrated using a set of data from the rice yield nurseries of the International Rice Testing Program for Latin America planted under the rainfed conditions of Central América and México during the period 1978–1984. Five locations were compared for their predictive ability in selecting for the rainfed rice growing region, based on yield and disease reaction. Selection for yield was defined as performance superior to the best check in each location. Selection for disease reaction was based on an index derived from the Standard Evaluation System for Rice for diseases of regional importance. Locations varies 10–15 percent in their selection coincidence with the region for both yield and disease selection criteria applied independently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037909
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of ratooning ability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; ratooning ability ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetic analysis of generation means of F1, F2, F3, F4, and the parental populations of the cross IR10154-23-3-3A/IR15795-232-3-3-2 for ratooning ability was conducted. Good ratooning ability is a recessive trait. The parents differed by at least two pairs of major genes for ratooning ability. A large proportion of transgressive segregants in F2 suggested that the expression of ratooning ability is influenced not only by major genes but also by modifiers. Broad-sense heritability estimates computed by different methods ranged from 0.66 to 0.88. Narrow-sense heritability by the F4–F3 regression method was 0.39. The heritability estimates were 0.42 and 0.33 by the variance component method. The prevalence of additive x additive type of gene effects along with prominent additive effects imply some scope for selection in the segregating generations. However, non-additive type of gene action also affects the expression of ratooning ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of plant elongation ability at seedling stage in rice (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 41 (1989), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; floating rice ; traditional rice ; elongation ability ; elongating semidwarf ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a comparison of methods to study inheritance of plant elongation ability, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, and 35-day-old F2 populations of a cross between Baisbish (floating variety) and IR42 (nonelongating semidwarf modern variety) of rice, (Oryza sativa L.) were subjected to 65 cm water depth for 7 days. Frequency distribution of plant height before and after submergence was obtained. Bimodal curves in 15-, 20- and 25-day-old populations gave good fits to 9:7 elongating: nonelongating plants, suggesting that elongation was due to two dominant complementary genes. Segregation in the 30-day-old population was not clear-cut. A seedling age of 20 days was subsequently chosen for further studies. Two F2's involving floating rice and a nonelongating semidwarf; four F2's involving floating rice and an elongating semidwarf; and two F2's involving elongating and nonelongating semidwarf parents were studied with 20-day-old seedlings in the same way. Floating rice combinations with nonelongating semidwarf parents as well as with elongating semidwarf parents segregated into 9:7 elongating: nonelongating ratio. It is possible that because elongating and nonelongating dwarf parents did not differ much in elongation ability at seedling age, their combination with floating rice parents provided similar segregation. The F2 distributions for height in elongating and nonelongating dwarf cross combinations were continuous with one peak. Genetic constitution of parents proposed are Sd1 Sd1 El El for floating parents, sd1 sd1 El El for semidwarf elongating, and sd1 sd1 el el for dwarf nonelongating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021589
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triple test cross analysis in rice (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; epistasis ; additive ; dominance ; genetic system ; homozygote x heterozygote ; heterozygore x heterozygote
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The triple test cross analysis in rice brought out that significant epistasis is present for most of the characters in the three crosses except for 100 grain weight in two crosses (Co 39 × Co 41) and (Co 39 × Co 40) and plant height in one cross (Co 39 × IR 20). Epistasis of ‘i’ (homozygote × heterozygote) and ‘l’ (heterozygote × heterozygote) interactions are also detected in all the three crosses. The D component was significant for all the traits in the three crosses and H was significant in cross Co 39 × Co 41 for all characters. For tiller number in cross Co 39 × IR 20 and for tiller number and 100 grain weight in cross Co 39 × Co 40, the H component was not significant. In all the crosses D component was higher than H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042612
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic ability, grain yield and an esterase band in rice genotypes (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; photosynthesis ; grain yield ; genotype ; isozyme ; esterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four Indica and one Japonica (Tainung 67) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties had an esterase band (tentatively designated as E1), and also had higher photosynthetic ability than other five Japonica varieties without E1 band. The F1 plants of Tainung 67 × Mineyutaka (low photosynthetic ability, no E1 band) showed E1 band and a low photosynthetic ability. Of 34 F2 plants, 28 had E1 band, but 6 had no E1 band of which 5 plants showed a low photosynthetic ability. These results suggest that an esterase gene and one of the photosynthesis gene are linked, and the gene for low photosynthetic ability is dominant. Among 42 new Japonica strains and 2 control varieties bred in Taiwan, most genotypes with E1 band showed higher grain yield potential (grain field/growth days) in local test. Esterase band may be used as a marker for high photosynthesis and grain yield ability in breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034463
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breeding of high protein quality rice (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; protein content ; protein quality ; amino acid concentration ; nutritive value ; animal growth test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three breeding lines (F8) of rice, derived from cross between Brimful X Koshihikari were tested for protein, amino acid, growth test with rats and yield parameters in field trials. The breeding lines had higher protein and amino acid concentrations than the leading Japanese cultivar Koshihikari, which was grown as a control. Grain yield in the breeding lines was lower than that of Koshihikari (4.5 t/ha). The grain-protein yield of the breeding lines was higher (500 kg/ha) than that of Koshihikari (440 kg/ha). The average gain in weight of rats fed brown and milled rices of the breeding line was 19 and 21 g, respectively: in control rats fed Koshihikari average gain was −1 and 8 g. These results showed that the breeding lines of rice can be developed which possess higher food value than the available varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037895
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice yields as influenced by Azolla N2 fixation and urea N-fertilization (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Nitrogen fixation ; N yield ; Oryza sativa ; Urea-N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Application of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 of urea (U) in split doses with (and without)Azolla pinnata, R. Brown was studied for three consecutive seasons under planted field condition. Fresh weight (FW), acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and N yield of Azolla were found to be maximum 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Among the different treatments, maximum Azolla growth was recorded in no N control. The FW, ARA and N yield of Azolla were inhibited increasingly with the increase in N levels. Irrespective of season, FW and N yield of Azolla were inhibited only a small extent with 90 kg N ha−1 U, beyond which the inhibition was pronounced. ARA was inhibited only slightly up to 60 kg N ha−1 of U. Grain yield and crop N uptake of rice increased significantly up to 90 kg N ha−1 of U (alone or in combination with Azolla) in the dry seasons (variety IR 36) and up to 60 kg N ha−1 U in the wet season (variety CR 1018).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203082
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytotoxic potential of soils and wheat straw in rice rotation cropping systems of subtropical Taiwan (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: allelopathy ; lyophilization ; Oryza sativa ; phytoxicity ; rhizosphere soil ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Using a wheat seed bio assay, the phytotoxicity of extracts obtained from wheat and rice rhizosphere soils was determined. The wheat rhizosphere soil extract was found to show phytotoxic effects. More allelopathic materials were found from the wheat-rice rotation soils than from the rice soil. Extracts obtained under basic conditions (pH 8) were found to be more inhibitory than those obtained by acid extraction (pH 5). Wheat straw was found also to contain phytotoxic substances. A comparison of two methods in concentrating the aqueous extracts, rotary evaporation and lyophilization, indicates that the former contained more substances with phytotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370295
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  • 16
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    Influence des caractéristiques des glumelles sur la résistance variétale du riz aux insectes des stocks (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: rice ; varieties ; storage insects ; resistance ; Oryza sativa ; stockage ; résistance variétale ; Sitophilus ; Sitotroga cerealella ; Rhyzoperta dominica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The relations were examined between grain characteristics of 58 rice varieties and their suceptibility to four primary storage pests: Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Rhyzoperta dominica and Sitotroga cerealella. The study confirms the importance of the hermetic seal of the husk in providing resistance and shows that mechanical damage is more important as a way of entry than lack of a close join between lemma and palea. Shattering is shown to influence S. cerealella attack as much as does poor closing of the glumes because this is connected both with the hardiness of the peduncle by which the larvae of this insect can enter, and with the breaking percentage of the envelopes produced by the more or less intense beating needed. The characteristics of the envelope explain to a great degree the variability in resistance to the insects studied, whose development is influenced only to a slight extent by the properties of the grain itself, such as shape and size, and water content.
    Notes: Abstract Des relations sont recherchées entre les caractéristiques des grains de 58 variétés de riz paddy et leur sensibilité aux quatre principaux ravageurs primaires des stocks: Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Rhyzoperta dominica et Sitotroga cerealella. L'étude confirme la prépondérance de l'herméticité des glumelles comme facteur de résistance, et établit que les cassures mécaniques des enveloppes sont des voies de pénétration plus régulières que le défaut de coaptation entre lemma et palea. L'égrenage se révèle être un facteur de sensibilité à S. cerealella aussi déterminant que le défaut de fermeture des glumelles, car lié d'une part à la dureté du pédoncule par lequel les larves de cet insecte peuvent pénétrer, d'autre part au taux de casse des enveloppes provoqué par le battage plus ou moins intense qu'il nécéssite. S'agissant de riz non décortiqué, les caractéristiques des enveloppes expliquent pour une très large part la variabilité de la résistance aux insectes étudiés, dont le développement n'est que faiblement influencé par les caractéristiques propres du grain, tels le format ou la teneur en eau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186716
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  • 17
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    Transient expression of foreign genes in rice, wheat and soybean cells following particle bombardment (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Gene transfer ; Glycine max ; Oryza sativa ; Triticum monococcum ; transient expression ; particle bombardment ; beta-glucuronidase ; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of an efficient transformation system is a prerequisite for the molecular analysis of gene expression in plants. In crop plants, this development has been hindered by difficulties encountered both in whole plant regeneration from protoplasts and in the general insusceptibility of monocots to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We have circumvented these difficulties by transferring foreign genes directly into the intact cells (with cell walls) of three important crop plants including rice, wheat and soybean by a particle bombardment device. Oryza sativa and Triticum monococcum cells were bombarded with accelerated tungsten particles coated with plasmids containing a β-glucuronidase gene as the reporter. Blue transformed cells were detected in an in situ enzyme assay. The number of blue cells was next used as a convenient criterion to study several factors affecting gene transfer efficiency. After optimal conditions were defined, gene transfer into intact cells of O. sativa, T. monococcum and Glycine max was successfully carried out with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene as the reporter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039024
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  • 18
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    Distribution of the genes causing F2 chlorosis in rice cultivars of the Indica and Japonica types (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 723-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: F2 chlorosis ; Reproductive barrier ; Oryza sativa ; Gene distribution ; Indica-Japonica differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chlorotic plants were segregated in F2 populations in varietal crosses of common rice. The genetic basis and distribution of the genes causing F2 chlorosis in native cultivars were studied to examine the role of the F2 chlorosis in varietal differentiation of rice. It was proven that this F2 chlorosis was controlled by a set of duplicate genes, hca-1 and hca-2. The hca-2 gene was widely distributed in native cultivars of the Japonica type, while many Indica types carried its dominant allele hca-2 +. Japanese cultivar J-147 carried hca-2. The hca-1 gene was frequently distributed in cultivars containing the Hwc-2 gene for F1 weakness. We concluded that F2 chlorosis does not cause or promote varietal differentiation in rice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265594
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    Molecular mapping of rice chromosomes (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 815-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Molecular markers ; RFLP ; Genetic map ; Trisomies ; DNA methylalion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We report the construction of an RFLP genetic map of rice (Oryza sativa) chromosomes. The map is comprised of 135 loci corresponding to clones selected from a PstI genomic library. This molecular map covers 1,389 cM of the rice genome and exceeds the current classical maps by more than 20%. The map was generated from F2 segregation data (50 individuals) from a cross between an indica and javanica rice cultivar. Primary trisomics were used to assign linkage groups to each of the 12 rice chromosomes. Seventy-eight percent of the clones assayed revealed RFLPs between the two parental cultivars, indicating that rice contains a significant amount of RFLP variation. Strong correlations between size of hybridizing restriction fragments and level of polymorphism indicate that a significant proportion of the RFLPs in rice are generated by insertions/delections. This conclusion is supported by the occurrence of null alleles for some clones (presumably created by insertion or deletion events). One clone, RG229, hybridized to sequences in both the indica and javanica genomes, which have apparently transposed since the divergence of the two cultivars from their last common ancestor, providing evidence for sequence movement in rice. As a by product of this mapping project, we have discovered that rice DNA is less C-methylated than tomato or maize DNA. Our results also suggest the notion that a large fraction of the rice genome (approximately 50%) is single copy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273666
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    Hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wild Oryza species obtained by cell fusion (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Gramineae ; Cell fusion ; Wild Oryza species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell fusion was used to obtain hybrid plants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and four wild Oryza species, O. officinalis, O. eichingeri, O. brachyantha, and O. perrieri, to incorporate useful traits of the latter species into rice. A total of 250 mature hybrid plants were obtained by electrofusion and nurse culture methods. The hybrid nature of these plants was confirmed by karyotypic, morphological, and isozyme analysis. The hybrids of O. sativa+O. eichingeri, O. sativa+O. officinalis and O. sativa+O. perrieri produced viable pollen and the O. sativa+O. eichingeri hybrid has produced a progeny plant. Our study demonstrates the use of cell fusion for future rice improvement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340171
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    Inheritance of amylose content in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; amylose content ; single grain analysis ; cooking characteristics ; dosage effects ; dull endosperm ; translucent endosperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of low and very low amylose contents in six rice crosses and their reciprocals was studied by single grain analysis of parents F1, F2, B1 and B2 seeds. To minimize the environmental effects, the seeds of all generations of all crosses were produced in a single season. The results indicated different dosage effects in different crosses. One major gene was found to govern a difference of 6–12% in amylose content in low and intermediate amylose parents. Very low amylose content was similarly found to be governed by one major gene in crosses between very low- and low-amylose content parents. Minor genes and modifiers also seem to play some role. In the cross between two low amylose parents differing by about 2.5% in amylose content, the differences appeared to be controlled by some minor genes and modifiers. The selection program in different crosses has been suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023529
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    Genotypic effects on the callus formation from different explants of rice, Oryza sativa L. (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; tissue culture ; callus growth ; genotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 108 rice varieties were examined for their tissue culture responses. Callus tissues were initiated from the seed, radicle, coleoptile and anther explants. Our results indicated that genotypes differed in the ability to develop vigorously growing callus. The callus growth responses in seed, radicle and coleoptile cultures were intercorrelated, but were not correlated with that in anther culture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034374
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    Increased regeneration from NaCl-tolerant callus in rice (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; callus culture ; NaCl-tolerance ; salt tolerance ; organogenesis ; peroxidase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary NaCl-tolerant calli were selected from two Japonica and two Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars on basal media containing 6,000, 9,000, 12,000 or 15,000 ppm NaCl. Frequency of callus formation decreased with the increase of NaCl in the medium, especially in Indica. About half of the calli of Japonica cultivars selected on NaCl-ammended media survived 20,000 ppm NaCl but none of the Indica callus survived. In Japonica, more plants were regenerated from calli selected on all concentrations of NaCl media than from NaCl-free medium. Concentration of Cl- in callus increased dramatically with increased NaCl content but peroxidase activity decreased.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037097
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    Differential colonization of Azospirillum lipoferum on roots of two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 3-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum lipoferum ; Mucigel ; Oryza sativa ; Root colonization ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedlings of rice (IR42 and IR50) were aseptically dipped into Azospirillum lipoferum strain 34H suspension under dark, and the presence of bacteria on the differentiating regions of rice roots was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The bacterium did not colonize the root tips of IR42, while it colonized this region in the case of IR50, within 24 h after inoculation. In the early stages, most of the bacteria were embedded in the ruptured mucigel below the root cap cells of IR42. Mucigel was hardly detectable in IR50. While the root hair primordia of IR50 were colonized heavily with the bacterium within 24 h, the root hairs of IR42 were colonized 48 and 72 h after inoculation. This phenomenon in relation to plant varietal differences was discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280343
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    Differentiation of rice varieties by electrophoresis of embryo protein (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 224-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Embryo-proteins ; SDS-PAGE ; Genetic affinity ; % Similarity-equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Variations in the embryo proteins separated by SDS-PAGE have been observed in 43 cultivated varieties of Oryza sativa L. Cluster and discriminant analysis applied to both protein components and morphological characters indicate that knowledge of the differences in embryo proteins can improve our understanding of genetic affinity and make it easier to differentiate between varieties of similar genetic backgrounds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289973
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    A rice glutelin gene family — a major type of glutelin mRNAs can be divided into two classes (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 208 (1987), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: cDNA ; Glutelin ; Multigene family ; Oryza sativa ; Storage protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rice glutelin cDNA clones were isolated from a rice cDNA library constructed from immature endosperm. The isolated glutelin cDNA clones could be divided into two classes by restriction site polymorphism and sequence. They encoded polypeptides containing the same number of amino acids including a 24 amino acid signal peptide, a 282 amino acid acidic subunit and a 193 amino acid basic subunit. The coding regions were 95% homologous to each other at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Southern hybridization analysis revealed that there were four or five copies of glutelin genes per haploid rice genome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330416
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    Variable copy number DNA sequences in rice (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 210 (1987), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; DNA amplification ; Dedifferentiation ; Differentiation ; Chloroplast DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have cloned two types of variable copy number DNA sequences from the rice embryo genome. One of these sequences, which was cloned in pRB301, was amplified about 50-fold during callus formation and diminished in copy number to the embryonic level during regeneration. The other clone, named pRB401, showed the reciprocal pattern. The copy numbers of both sequences were changed even in the early developmental stage and eliminated from nuclear DNA along with growth of the plant. Sequencing analysis of the pRB301 insert revealed some open reading frames and direct repeat structures, but corresponding sequences were not identified in the EMBL and LASL DNA databases. Sequencing of the nuclear genomic fragment cloned in pRB401 revealed the presence of the 3′rps12-rps7 region of rice chloroplast DNA. Our observations suggest that during callus formation (dedifferentiation), regeneration and the growth process the copy numbers of some DNA sequences are variable and that nuclear integrated chloroplast DNA acts as a variable copy number sequence in the rice genome. Based on data showing a common sequence in mitochondria and chloroplast DNA of maize (Stern and Lonsdale 1982) and that the rps12 gene of tobacco chloroplast DNA is a divided gene (Torazawa et al. 1986), it is suggested that the sequence on the inverted repeat structure of chloroplast DNA may have the character of a movable genetic element.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327185
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    Plantlet regeneration from somatic hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing) (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 210 (1987), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Gramineae ; Cell fusion ; Protoplast ; Intertribal hybrid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Somatic hybridization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzicola), a close relative of barnyard millet, was attempted using electrofusion and a new culture method developed for rice protoplasts (Kyozuka et al. 1987) to incorporate some of the agronomically important characters of the latter species into rice. Selection of hybrids was based on inactivation of rice protoplasts by iodoacetamide and the inability of barnyard grass protoplasts to divide. A total of 166 calli were identified as hybrids by isozyme and chromosome analyses. Hybrid calli were highly morphogenic, and 44 shoots were obtained. Most of them, however, were abnormal, and nine grew to plantlets whose morphology was distinct from that of either parent. Our study clearly demonstrates the totipotency of protoplasts in graminaceous monocots.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337756
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    High frequency plant regeneration from rice protoplasts by novel nurse culture methods (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 206 (1987), S. 408-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gramineae ; Oryza sativa ; Protoplast ; Nurse culture ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Novel nurse culture methods have been developed for plant regeneration from protoplasts of rice (Oryza sativa). The nurse culture methods use the agarose-bead type culture in combination with actively growing nurse cells that are either in the liquid part of the culture or inside a culture plate insert placed in the centre of the dish. Protoplasts isolated from either primary seed calluses or suspension cultures of various callus origins, divided and formed colonies with a frequency of up to 10% depending on the protoplast source and the genotype. The presence of nurse cells was absolutely required for the induction of protoplast division. Plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived calluses of five tested cultivars with a frequency of 17%–50%. Close examination of the plant regeneration process suggested that plants are regenerated through somatic embryogenesis from protoplast-derived calluses. Over 300 protoplast-derived plants were transferred to either pots or the field and are being examined for karyotypic stability and various plant phenotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428879
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    Studies on the distribution of complementary genes causing F1 weakness in common rice and its wild relatives. 2. Distribution of two complementary genes, Hwc-1 and Hwc-2 gene in native cultivars and its wild relatives of tropical Asia (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; O. perennis ; F1 weakness ; geographical distribution of gene ; Indica-Japonica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Distribution of two complementary genes Hwc-1 and Hwc-2 causing F1 weakness was examined using 159 native rice cultivars and 30 strains of wild relatives collected from various sites of tropical Asia including the Himalayan foothills. Hwc-1 is carried by a Peruvian cultivar, Jamaica, a tester cultivar of this experiment. It was not found in the tested cultivars and strains. Hwc-2 was widely distributed in the Japonica types tested. No wild strains had either Hwc-1 or Hwc-2. Hwc-2 was infrequent in the Japonica types collected from Southern Asian countries. Hwc-2 was estimated to be indigenous to the Japonica types, may be linked with certain gene(s) related to adaptation.
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    The response of two rice cultivars to external Na/Ca ratio (1987)
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    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium deficiency ; Oryza sativa ; salinity ; sodium: calcium ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of the rice cultivars ‘M9’ and ‘M-201’ to nutrient cultures salinated at −0.4 MPa with varying ratios of Na and Ca was studied. Although the dry matter production of both cultivars was sensitive to the Na/Ca ratio, this correlation was significant only for M-201. Calcium nutrition was severely affected by the composition of the external solution, and the laminae exhibited Ca-deficiency symptoms at Na/Ca molar ratios of 78 and 198. Sodium concentration in the shoot decreased as the Na/Ca ratio in the external solution decreased. Patterns of Na and Cl distribution in the shoot tissues were similar; both ions were accumulated preferentially in the tillers and older leaves. The Na-induced inhibition of Ca uptake and transport appears to be more limiting to shoot growth of M9 and M-201 than Na toxicity per se.
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    A novel procedure for raising rice seedlings and its potential application for mass-screening of rice strains for salt tolerance (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 467-471 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice seedlings ; water culture ; plastic vial ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A soilless culture system is described whereby all the necessary steps of raising rice seedlings, including seeding, surface-sterilization, germination and growing of seedlings, can be conveniently achieved within a small plastic container. The system is especially suited for experiments with massive number of entries and can e.g. be used for screening of rice genotypes for salt tolerance.
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    Growth and respiration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cells in suspension culture (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 175-186 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; suspension culture ; respiration ; phosphate ; defined medium ; cell agregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the growth and respiration of batch suspension cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a reference medium containing Murashige-Skoog salts, 2% (w/v) sucrose and yeast extract are reported. It was found that the yeast extract contributed 70% of the phosphate in this medium, and that the cells grew equally well in continued subculture in a defined medium which contained 6 mM phosphate and 3% (w/v) sucrose and the remaining Murashige-Skoog salts. Cell clumps (up to 1.5 mm diameter) were prevalent in the initial cultures in the reference medium. In such cultures the critical O2 pressure of cell respiration was high (∼125 μM), and ethanol accumulated. When cell clumps were routinely removed during several weekly subcultures on the defined medium cultures were obtained in which no clumps were present, the critical O2 pressures was decreased to 40 μM and no ethanol accumulated.
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    In vitro characterization of salt stress effects and the selection of salt tolerant plants in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1986), S. 757-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Callus ; Regeneration ; Salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of plant cells to salt stress was studied on embryo derived calli of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in order to identify cellular phenotypes associated with the stress. The feasability of selecting salt tolerant callus and its subsequent regeneration to plants was also studied. Callus was grown on agar-solidified media containing 0%, 1% and 2% (w/v) NaCl for 24 days. Parameters such as fresh weight, dry weight, soluble protein and proline content were measured. The callus growth decreased markedly with increasing NaCl concentration in the medium. The proline content was enhanced several fold in salt stressed calli. A prolonged exposure of callus to the salt environment led to discolouration and arrested growth in the majority of the calli and only a small number of callus cells maintained healthy and stable growth. These variants were subcultured every three weeks for a period of four months onto medium containing 1% NaCl to identify tolerant lines. At the end of the third cell passage, the tolerant calli were transferred to regeneration medium to regenerate plants. The regeneration frequency in the salt-selected lines was enhanced when compared to unselected lines.
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    Mechanism of tolerance in rice varieties differing in sodicity tolerance (1986)
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    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: K ; Na ; Oryza sativa ; Rice yield ; Soil sodicity ; Sodicity tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The performance of two rice varieties selected for sodicity tolerance and sensitivity was studied in pot culture. Tolerant variety CSR-1 showed much better survival, plant growth and yield as compared to the sensitive one (Basmati-370). Sensitive variety was characterized by higher reduction in growth yield, higher Na and lower K concentrations under sodicity in all the plant organs. Highest Na concentrations are in sensitive variety and its distribution is in the order of Senescent yellow leaves 〉 Earheads 〉 Stem 〉 Younger green leaves. Analysis of different leaves revealed leaf to leaf gradients in terms of Na and K and Na/K ratio were lowest in the youngest leaf and highest in the oldest surviving leaf and these values were much higher in the sensitive variety. This showed that Na ions are mainly localised in the older leaves, which are shed and provide a secondary process of tolerance. Thus the tolerant variety is best marked by maintenance of K levels and much lower increases in Na in all the plant organs, especially earheads, inspite of their growing in highly sodic soils.
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    Effects of N-fertilizers, straw, and dry fallow on the nitrogen balance of a flooded soil planted with rice (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 405-411 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Dry fallow ; N-balance ; Oryza sativa ; Paddy soils ; Rice Straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen balance studies were made on rice (Oryza sativa) grown in flooded soil in pots. A low rate of fertilizer (5.64 mg N. kg−1 soil) did not depress the N gain, but a high rate (99.72 mg N. kg−1 soil) elminated the N gain. Soil N loss was negligible since15N applied as ammonium sulfate and thoroughly mixed with the soil was recovered from the soil-plant system after 3 crops. The observed N gain, therefore, was caused by N2-fixation, not by a reduction of soil N loss. Straw enhanced N gain at the rate of 2–4 mg per g straw. However, this gain was not observed when soil N availability was high. Dry fallow between rice crops decreased the N gain.
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    Inhibitory effect of streptomycin on rice tissue cultures and the selection of resistant callus clones (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 1023-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; tissue culture ; streptomycin resistance ; callus clone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Callus tissues were initiated from seed, radicle and anther cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in order to study the effect of streptomycin on callus growth. Our results showed that the addition of 250 μg/ml or more streptomycin to the culture medium caused a significant inhibition of callus proliferation. The degree of inhibition depended upon the genotype, the drug concentration and the tissue source of callus. Selection of resistant cell lines began with seed and immature embryo cultures grown on various levels of streptomycin. The fastest growing sectors of callus were subcultured for additional selection. In this way, a total of 11 comparatively vigorous callus clones were isolated after 7 or 12 subcultures. Some of these clones exhibited a significant increase of resistance index when compared with unselected starting material. After 5 or 6 selection cycles, 79 plantlets were regenerated from resistant callus, but none grew to maturity because all were white (albino).
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    Protein content, distribution and retention during milling of brown rice (1986)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 36 (1986), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: brown rice ; protein content ; protein distribution ; milling loss ; endosperm ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Brown rice of IR36 and IR42 check samples from the 1982 dry and wet season yield trials showed good correlation of milled-rice protein and brown-rice protein (r=0.97**,n=40) with 10% bran-polish removal by an emery abrasive mill. Among selected grain samples of both varieties, 80 to 86% of brown-rice protein was retained in the milled rice with both friction and abrasive mills. Stereological morphometry of 1-µm-thick sections showed that endosperm storage protein decreases in amount with increasing distance from the aleurone layer. A similar protein gradient was found in both average-protein and high-protein samples. Milling removed all of the pericarp, seed coat and nucellus, and virtually all of the aleurone layer and embryo, but removed very little of the nonaleurone endosperm, except from the lateral ridges.
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    Proline accumulation as a reliable indicator of monocarpic senescence in rice cultivars (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 346-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice cultivar ; proline accumulation ; benzyladenine ; abscisic acid ; senescence, monocarpic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proline content proportionally increased with leaf age as well as during aging in darkness of excised leaf segments collected from the flag, second and third leaves of the Jaya cultivar of rice. BA significantly suppressed, whereas ABA augmented, the rise of proline level in the leaf segments. Proline also increased in the attached flag, second and third leaves of all the 4 rice cultivars with the progress of reproductive development but the pattern of its accumulation was non-sequential in Jaya and Ratna and sequential in Masuri and Kalojira. Although proline accumulation was retarded and enhanced by treatment with BA and ABA, respectively, as foliar sprays, the mode of proline accumulation (non-sequential or sequential) remained unaltered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02004497
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  • 40
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    Interrelationship of cultivated rices Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima with wild O. perennis complex (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Wild rices ; Fraction 1 ; protein ; Repeated DNA ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phylogenetic relationship of the cultivated rices Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima with the O. perennis complex, distributed on the three continents of Asia, Africa and America, and O. australiensis has been studied using Fraction 1 protein and two repeated DNA sequences as markers. Fraction 1 protein isolated from the leaf tissue of accessions of different species was subjected to isoelectric focusing. All the species studied have similar nuclear-encoded small subunit polypeptides and chloroplast-encoded large subunit polypeptides, except two of the O. perennis accessions from South America and O. australiensis, which have a different pattern for the chloroplast subunit. Two DNA sequences were isolated from Eco R1 restriction endonuclease digests of total DNA from O. sativa. One of the sequences has been characterized as highly repeated satellite DNA, and the other one as a moderately repeated DNA sequence. These sequences were used as probes in DNA/DNA hybridization with restriction endonuclease digested DNA from some accessions of the different species. Those accessions that are divergent for large subunit polypeptides of Fraction 1 protein (O. australiensis and two of the four South American O. perennis accessions) also lack the satellite DNA and have a different hybridization pattern with the moderately repeated sequence. All other accessions, irrespective of their geographical origin, are similar. We propose that various accessions of O. perennis from Africa and Asia are closely related to O. sativa and O. glaberrima, and that the dispersal of cultivated and O. perennis rices to different continents may be quite recent. The American O. perennis is a heterogeneous group. Some of the accessions ascribed to this group are closely related to the Asian and African O. perennis, while others have diverged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275320
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  • 41
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    Plant regeneration from tissue cultures of Pokkali rice is promoted by optimizing callus to medium volume ratio and by a medium-conditioning factor produced by embryogenic callus (1985)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 4 (1985), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; regeneration ; rice ; Oryza sativa ; conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The frequency of plant regeneration from seed-derived Pokkali rice callus has been substantially increased. Four conclusions were drawn from the study: (1) Non-embryogenic callus consisting of elongated, highly-vacuolated cells did not produce regenerated plants. Embryogenic callus consisting of small, non-vacuolated cells produced somatic embryos and regenerated plants. (2) The numbers of plants could be markedly increased by optimizing a medium for embryogenic callus production and a second medium for plant regeneration from embryogenic callus. (3) The optimization of callus to medium volume ratio of 6.5 mg embryogenic callus per 1.0 ml of medium significantly increase plant production on regeneration medium. (4) A further significant increase was obtained by using regeneration medium previously conditioned for one or two weeks by optimal amounts of embryogenic callus. At present, the callus derived from a single seed in six months could theoretically be used in the seventh month to produce 127500 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040198
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  • 42
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    Cytological observations in some hybrids between the rice species Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Oryza glaberrima ; African rice ; interspecific hybrids ; hybrid sterility ; male sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima and their backcrosses with O. sativa were studied. Their seed sterility was very different; large differences were also observed in the level of pollen sterility and in the earliness of microspore failure. The proportion of aborted embryo sacs was much lower than the rate of sterile male gametophytes. The backcross populations were much more sterile than the corresponding F1 hybrids. On the base of our observations and according to the literature, we may conclude that genic unbalance is the main cause of sterility of these hybrids, but that physiological factors may also be involved. Thus a restoration of fertility is generally possible by selection. On the other hand, male-sterile lines could be bred from some of these hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022865
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  • 43
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    Inheritance studies of characters associated with floating habit and their linkage relationship in rice (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 875-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; floating habit ; genetics ; linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Deep water rice varieties in general have certain peculiar characters which are associated with floating habit. These characters are (i) early nodal differentiation, (ii) nodal rooting, (iii) spreading habit, (iv) awned grains, (v) brown hull colour, (vi) red pericarp (red rice), and (vii) seed dormancy. Inheritance of these characters and linkage relationship of genes governing these characters were studied in a cross between Pankaj (non floating) and Nageribao (floating) rice varieties. Nageribao, a cultivar from Assam possesses these characters. Early nodal differentiation was observed to be controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as ‘Nd’. Nodal rooting was controlled by two dominant complementary genes, designated as ‘Nr 1’ and ‘Nr 2’. We found an inhibitory factor for spreading habit and one for brown hull colour in Pankaj; the operation of two dominant duplicate genes ‘An 1’ and ‘An 2’ for controlling awning characters, a single dominant gene ‘Rd’ for red pericarp colour and a single dominant gene ‘Gd’ for grain dormancy. Joint segregations between these characters resulted in the assignment of genes in the X linkage group of indica rices with estimated map distances based on the cross-over values. The genes ‘An’ (awning), ‘Es’ (spreading habit), ‘Nr’ (nodal rooting) and ‘Nd’ (nodal differentiation) were observed to be associated with each other. The gene for red pericarp (Rd) was observed to be linked with the grain dormaney gene ‘Gd’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035427
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  • 44
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    Interspecific cytoplasm substitutions of an Indica strain of Oryza sativa L. and O. Glaberrima Steud (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Oryza glaberrima ; African rice ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; anther dehiscence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To study differential nucleus-cytoplasm interactions between the two cultivated rice species, Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima, cytoplasmic substitution lines were made by using a glaberrima strain (G) and an Indica strain of sativa (S). The G cytoplasm had no adverse effect on pollen development when combined with the nucleus of S. On the other hand, when the S cytoplasm was combined with the G nucleus, the substitution line showed no seed set because of male sterility although the pollen grains were normally stained with I2-KI solution. A dominant gene derived from S strain seemed to cause anther indehiscence in the substitution line. Further, a restorer gene (Rf j)from Akebono of Japonica type was effective on pollen restoration in the male sterile line, suggesting that the S cytoplasm is the same as those of Japonica type in terms of a fertility-restoring system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035393
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  • 45
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    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured young inflorescences of Oryza sativa L. (rice) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 3 (1985), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; callus ; inflorescence ; somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Compact calli initiated from young inflorescences of Oryza sativa L. (rice) on the Linsmaier and Skoog's (LS) medium containing 1 to 2.5mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were used for regeneration studies. After smooth and compact nodules appeared, these calli were transferred to the regeneration medium containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and either kinetin or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Somatic embryos developed in ten days and were examined by histological studies. Some of the embryos showed scutellum-like structures and a coleoptile-coleorhiza bipolar organization. Regenerated plants had the normal chromosome number of 2n=24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041655
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  • 46
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    Role of plant volatiles in resistance of selected rice varieties to brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1601-1616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Brown planthopper ; Nilaparvata lugens ; Homoptera ; Delphacidae ; Oryza sativa ; plant volatiles ; rice ; steam distillate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior and biology of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). In a multichoice test, more females settled and fed on tillers of a susceptible rice variety “Taichung Native 1” (TN1), sprayed with its own extract or acetone than on TN1 tillers sprayed with the extract of the resistant variety “ARC6650” or “Ptb33.” In another test,N. lugens females ingested significantly more of a 10% sucrose solution mixed with TN1 steam distillate extract than of plain sucrose solution or that mixed with extracts of resistant varieties. Topical application of the extracts of resistant varieties “Mudgo,” “ASD7,” “Rathu Heenati,” “Babawee,” Ptb33, and ARC6650 caused significantly higher mortality of females than did the TN1 extract. Likewise, significantly more first-instar nymphs died when they were caged on susceptible TN1 plants sprayed with the extracts of resistant varieties than on plants sprayed with TN1 extract. The extract of 60-day-old resistant plants was more toxic than the extract of 30-, 45-, or 100-day-old plants. However, toxicity of the extract from susceptible TN1 remained low at all plant growth stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012115
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