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  • Rat  (286)
  • hypertension  (146)
  • Springer  (432)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • PANGAEA
  • Wiley
  • 1985-1989  (432)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and interspecies analyses of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family reveal independent evolution in primates and rodents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 29 (1989), S. 126-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Evolution ; Gene family ; Human ; Rat ; Synonymous substitutions ; Silent molecular clock ; Evolutionary trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Various rodent and primate DNAs exhibit a stronger intra- than interspecies cross-hybridization with probes derived from the N-terminal domain exons of human and rat carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like genes. Southern analyses also reveal that the human and rat CEA gene families are of similar complexity. We counted at least 10 different genes per human haploid genome. In the rat, approximately seven to nine different N-terminal domain exons that presumably represent different genes appear to be present. We were able to assign the corresponding genomic restriction endonuclease fragments to already isolated CEA gene family members of both human and rat. Highly similar subgroups, as found within the human CEA gene family, seem to be absent from the rat genome. Hybridization with an intron probe from the human nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) gene and analysis of DNA sequence data indicate the conservation of noncoding regions among CEA-like genes within primates, implicating that whole gene units may have been duplicated. With the help of a computer program and by calculating the rate of synonymous substitutions, evolutionary trees have been derived. From this, we propose that an independent parallel evolution, leading to different CEA gene families, must have taken place in, at least, the primate and rodent orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melatonin accelerates reentrainment of the circadian rhythm of its own production after an 8-h advance of the light-dark cycle (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1989), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Rat ; Melatonin ; Circadian rhythm ; 5-hydroxytryptophan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rhythm in melatonin production in the rat is driven by a circadian rhythm in the pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. Rats adapted to an artificial lighting regime of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness per day were exposed to an 8-h advance of the light-dark regime accomplished by the shortening of one dark period; the effect of melatonin, triazolam and fluoxetine, together with 5-hydroxytryptophan, on the reentrainment of the NAT rhythm was studied. In control rats, the NAT rhythm was abolished during the first 3 cycles following the advance shift. It reappeared during the 4th cycle; however, the phase relationship between the evening rise in activity and the morning decline was still compressed. Melatonin accelerated the NAT rhythm reentrainment. In rats treated chronically with melatonin at the new dark onset, the rhythm had already reappeared during the 3rd cycle, in the middle of the advanced night, and during the 4th cycle, the phase relationship between the evening onset and the morning decline of the NAT activity was the same as before the advance shift. In rats treated chronically with melatonin at the old dark onset or in those treated with melatonin 8 h, 5 h and 2 h after the new dark onset during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cycle, respectively, following the advance shift, the NAT rhythm reappeared during the 3rd cycle as well but in the last third of the advanced night only. Neither triazolam nor fluoxetine together with 5-hydroxytryptophan administered around the new dark onset facilitated NAT rhythm reentrainment after the 8-h advance of the light-dark cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190214
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular regulation and lipoprotein profile during administration of co-dergocrine in essential hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: co-dergocrine ; hypertension ; presynaptic dopamine2-receptors ; norepinephrine ; haemodynamic effects ; side-effects ; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Co-dergocrine has recently been demonstrated acutely to lower plasma norepinephrine (NE) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension, and similar results have been obtained during chronic administration of co-dergocrine to healthy men. The present study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of treatment with co-dergocrine 4 mg/day on BP, plasma catecholamines, certain other BP-regulating factors and serum lipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension. Compared to placebo conditions, co-dergocrine decreased supine BP and heart rate by −7% and the upright plasma NE level by −24%. Supine plasma NE also fell (−24%). Total cholesterol and the LDL + VLDL-cholesterol lipoprotein fraction were lowered by −6%. No significant change was observed in plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone and epinephrine levels, whole blood and plasma volume, exchangeable sodium, and the cardiovascular responsiveness to NE, angiotensin II and isoproterenol. The findings suggest that in patients with essential hypertension, chronic treatment with co-dergocrine may slightly decrease sympathetic outflow and, at least in the short-term, lower the potentially atherogenic serum LDL + VLDL − cholesterol fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609182
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antihypertensive and hypouricaemic effects of nitrendipine in chronic renal failure (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitrendipine ; renal failure ; hypertension ; uric acid excretion ; metabolic effects ; cardiovascular risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the potential therapeutic value of calcium antagonists in hypertension associated with impaired renal function, blood pressure (BP), certain regulatory factors, and metabolic correlates of cardiovascular risk have been assessed in 15 patients with mild to marked chronic renal failure before and after 6 weeks of therapy with nitrendipine. Compared to placebo, nitrendipine (mean final dose 55 mg/day) decreased supine BP from 173/102 to 146/81 mm Hg and upright BP from 170/105 to 145/86 mm Hg. Heart rate, body weight (+0.8 kg) and exchangeable sodium (+176 mmol, not significant) were minimally increased, and plasma and whole blood volume, plasma angiotensin II and creatinine concentrations, and urinary electrolyte and creatinine excretion were not significantly changed. Nitrendipine increased uric acid excretion and lowered plasma uric acid by 24%; glucose, insulin, serum total lipids, and lipoprotein fractions were unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558151
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive Africans (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; side-effects ; Africans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive efficacy both of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and thiazide diuretics has been claimed to be influenced by plasma renin activity, which declines with age and is low in blacks. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, randomized, parallel-group preliminary study, the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the ACE inhibitor enalapril (20 mg day−1) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg day−1) were evaluated and compared for 4 weeks in 20 African patients with essential hypertension. The two groups had similar baseline clinical features and serum Na+ and K+ levels. Hydrochlorothiazide caused a significant and sustained fall in erect blood pressure with a reflex tachycardia. Enalapril exerted only a modest antihypertensive action, but significantly reduced erect heart rate. Direct comparison of hydrochlorothiazide — and enalapril — induced hypotension suggested a greater fall in subjects on the thiazide. The 95% confidence limits for the thiazide-enalapril difference in antihypertensive action at the end of the study was 39.5 to −7.5 mm Hg systolic and 22.0 to −6.6 mm Hg diastolic. The maximal blood pressure fall after hydrochlorothiazide was positively correlated with age (r=0.50;p〈0.05), whilst that of enalapril was inversely related age to (r=−0.57,p〈0.05). The results are compatible with the notion that ACE inhibitor monotherapy may be less effective than thiazide diuretic treatment in African and black patients with essential hypertension. The findings also support the concept that age and racial factors may influence the response to antihypertensive treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558152
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antihypertensive effect of slow-release nicardipine. A placebo-controlled cross-over study (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: calcium antagonists ; nicardipine ; hypertension ; placebo effect ; slow-release preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnitude and duration of the anti-hypertensive effect of slow-release nicardipine (SR-Nicardipine) have been compared with placebo in 36 uncomplicated essential hypertensives (diastolic BP 95 to 115 mm Hg after 1-month placebo washout). According to a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design they received SR-Nicardipine 40 mg b.d. and placebo for 1 month. At the end of each treatment period, blood pressure and heart rate were measured 12 h after the evening dose and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the morning dose. SR-Nicardipine significantly reduced systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure at each time after dosing. The absolute decrements peaked 4 h after dosing (−18.3 and −11.7 mm Hg, respectively) and more than 90% of the peak effect persisted 12 h after dosing, both for SBP and DBP. The heart rate was slightly increased by SR-Nicardipine. Adverse effects monitored with a check-list occurred in 31% of patients during SR-Nicardipine treatment and in 28% on placebo. Thus, SR-Nicardipine 40 mg b.d. has a maintained and significant antihypertensive effect lasting up to 12 h in essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependent oedema and attenuation of postural vasoconstriction associated with nifedipine therapy for hypertension in diabetic patients (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diabetes mellitus ; nifedipine ; hypertension ; oedema ; vasodilator ; blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the incidence of oedema 2 weeks following initation of nifedipine therapy for hypertension in a group of 10 diabetic subjects, and also measured skin blood flow (SBF) with a laser Doppler flowmeter, before and after lowering the foot. SBF with the foot horizontal increased after nifedipine from 0.31V (arbitrary units of flow) to 0.51V (NS). The postural fall in blood flow in dependency was significantly attenuated by nifedipine from 64.4 to 24.0%. Five patients developed ankle oedema. Results were similar in a small group of non-diabetic subjects starting nifedipine. The attenuation of reflex postural vasoconstriction is therefore likely to contribute to development of the oedema associated with starting nifedipine therapy, which should be monitored carefully in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558495
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal and hormonal effects of alpha1-adrenoceptor blockade by bunazosin in essential hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 575-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bunazosin ; hypertension ; alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker ; blood pressure ; renal blood flow ; renal function ; renin ; aldosterone ; atrial natriuretic peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal and hormonal effects of the α1-adrenoceptor blocker bunazosin were examined in 6 patients with essential hypertension. Oral bunazosin for 4 to 12 weeks significantly decreased mean blood pressure by 10%, increased effective renal blood flow and creatinine clearance by 34% and 37%, respectively, the plasma norepinephrine concentration was elevated by 60%, and the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level was lowered by 22%. The plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were unchanged. Thus, a moderate reduction in blood pressure was produced by bunazosin treatment while maintaining renal perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637738
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative haemodynamic effects of ketanserin and ritanserin in the proximal and distal upper limb circulations of hypertensive patients (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketanserin ; ritanserin ; hypertension ; haemodynamics ; alpha1-adrenoceptor blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of ketanserin (40 mg p.o.) on blood pressure and brachial haemodynamics (brachial artery diameter, brachial blood velocity and blood flow) have been compared in a double-blind study with those of ritanserin (10 mg p.o.) and placebo. Haemodynamic parameters were measured before and 1 h after treatment. Patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension participated in this study, 6 each on ketanserin, ritanserin and placebo. Placebo significantly reduced heart rate and did not modify the other parameters. Compared to placebo, ketanserin significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased brachial blood velocity and flow, and decreased forearm vascular resistance. Compared to placebo, ritanserin slightly decreased blood pressure and slightly increased blood flow, but neither effect was significant. When blood circulation to the hand was excluded, neither ketanserin nor ritanserin modified the proximal arterial resistance or blood flow. It is concluded that the actions of ketanserin and ritanserin essentially occurred in the distal part of the upper limb, and alpha1-receptor blockade is probably involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679772
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Once daily nisoldipine in hypertension: cuff and ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 551-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; hypertension ; ambulatory monitoring ; cuff blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cuff blood pressure data has suggested that the calcium channel antagonist nisoldipine has full twenty four hour efficacy. To test this, 24 h ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring was performed on 18 untreated hypertensive subjects (12 men, 6 women) (cuff blood pressure 〉150/95 mm Hg) before and after chronic treatment with 10–20 mg oral nisoldipine taken daily at 08.00 h. Twelve patients completed the study, six being withdrawn, four because of side-effects. After baseline intra-arterial monitoring patients were started on 10 mg nisoldipine daily. Response was assessed by cuff pressures taken 24 h after dosing at fortnightly intervals, and if not controlled (〈150/95 or at least 10 mm Hg reduction in diastolic BP) the dose was increased to 20 mg. All patients received at least six weeks' therapy before the second intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. There was a slight but insignificant reduction in mean daytime heart rate of 3 beats·min−1. Mean significant reduction in daytime systolic and diastolic BP was 19 mm Hg and 13 mm Hg respectively but there was no significant mean night-time reduction. By comparison 8 out of 12 patients were apparently controlled more than 24 h post dose according to cuff pressures. This study suggests that this formulation of nisoldipine does not control blood pressure over a full 24-h period, and emphasises the importance of 24 h ambulatory monitoring in assessing the efficacy of once-daily antihypertensive agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562542
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nicardipine on insulin secretion, glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive, non-insulin dependent diabetics (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nicardipine ; insulin ; glucose ; diabetes ; hypertension ; metabolic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Certain acute and chronic metabolic effects of nicardipine have been studied in 20 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v. GTT, glucose 0.33 g/kg as a bolus) and the corresponding insulin response were assessed at the end of a 4 week placebo period, after the first dose and on administration for 12 weeks of nicardipine 20 mg t.i.d. The glucose and insulin responses to the i.v. GTT, evaluated as incremental AUCs, did not change significantly (glucose 30.5 mg/dl·90 min on placebo, 33.1 mg/dl·90 min acutely and 31.4 mg/dl·90 min on chronic administration of nicardipine; insulin 2.08 µU/ml·90 min on placebo, 1.87 µU/ml·90 min acutely and 1.93 µU/ml·90 min after chronic nicardipine). Glucose removal rate (KG) following the i.v. GTT was 0.73%/min on placebo 0.75%/min on acute administration and 0.8%. min−1 with chronic nicardipine. Active treatment produced a significant reduction of blood pressure (from 187/96 mm Hg on placebo to 166/89 mm Hg acutely and 152/83 mm Hg after 12 weeks of nicardipine treatment). It is concluded that the calcium antagonist nicardipine was an effective antihypertensive drug, and that it did not cause deterioration of metabolic control in hypertensive patients with NIDD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561014
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is captopril effective in controlling blood pressure when administered once daily? An assessment using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; captopril ; once-daily administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve patients with essential hypertension receiving captopril monotherapy or captopril in conjunction with a diuretic had their 24-h blood pressure profiles monitored using an automatic, non-invasive ambulatory method. The study examined the efficacy of once a day versus twice a day administration of the ACE inhibitor in controlling blood pressure. Six untreated subjects with borderline hypertension were also studied using the same monitoring equipment and with the same frequency, to act as controls because of the possibility of repeated use of the device causing a ‘familiarisation’ effect. The results obtained indicated that if anything, the once daily dosing produced marginally better blood pressure values. The amplitude of the diurnal blood pressure variation was reduced on a ‘second-wearing’ of the monitoring equipment suggesting some degree of familiarisation with the apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561016
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carteolol on renal function in healthy subjects and patients with hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carteolol ; hypertension ; chronic renal failure ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of short- and long-term administration of carteolol on renal function has been examined in healthy subjects and in hypertensive patients with or without renal failure. In healthy subjects neither a single dose of 10 mg carteolol nor continuous administration of 20 mg/day for 7 days had any effect on creatinine clearance and renal blood flow. In all subjects the clearance rate of carteolol was about 400 ml/min and its fractional excretion of carteolol exceeded 300%, suggesting that the drug is secreted actively from renal tubules. Twenty-three hypertensive patients with or without renal dysfunction were given carteolol 10 to 20 mg/day for more than 50 weeks in addition to their standard antihypertensive regimens, which were left changed. Laboratory results were compared with the mean values of 50 weeks before and after the addition of carteolol, and none, including plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and electrolytes, were significantly changed. Neither the estimated glomerular filtration rate nor the effect of the drug on blood pressure changed significantly during this prolonged treatment. It is concluded that carteolol had no effect on renal function in healthy subjects and in hypertensive patients with or without renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561030
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of glomerular filtration, renal blood flow and salt-water handling to acute cardioselective and non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade in essential hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; pindolol ; renal haemodynamics ; salt-water handling ; hypertension ; beta-adrenoceptor blockade ; ISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects on renal hemodynamics and salt-water handling of equipotent doses of the cardioselective β-blocker metoprolol (M, 100 mg) and of the non-selective (intrinsic sympathetic activity) β-antagonist pindolol (P, 10 mg) were compared in 30 WHO Grade 1–2 hypertensive men. M lowered pulse rate more than P. Systolic pressure was equally reduced by both agents, and diastolic and mean pressures were decreased only after P. Glomerular filtration rate was not significantly altered by either antagonist, and renal blood flow decreased by approximately 11% both after M and P. Renal vascular resistance was unchanged after P, and was increased by 10% after M. It is concluded that, like the effects on central haemodynamics, ISA is more important in the renal response to β-adrenoceptor blockade than is β-receptor selectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558292
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effect of pindolol on lipids and lipoproteins in men with newly diagnosed hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pindolol ; hypertension ; hyperlipidaemia ; chronic treatment ; cholesterol ; HDL ; LDL ; triglycerides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is the first long-term study of pindolol in a population-based sample of men with newly diagnosed hypertension. Eighty-two patients, with a diastolic pressure of 100 mm Hg or more, were identified after screening 6000 men. Many patients were overweight. 82 population controls, matched by sex, age and body mass index, were also recruited. Fourty-eight per cent of the patients and 25% of the controls had a family history of hypertension. Serum triglyceride and urate values were higher in patients than controls at the baseline investigation. Seventy-four patients were followed for 1 year. The dose of pindolol averaged 7.7 mg once daily after 1 year. The diastolic blood pressure was reduced by 13.4 mm Hg. The target pressure of 95 mm Hg or less was achieved in 89% of the patients. The HDL-cholesterol concentration was normal and did not change, whereas the LDL-cholesterol concentration decreased by 0.15 mmol · l−1 during treatment. The total triglyceride values increased transiently up to 6 months, but no significant increase was seen after one year. It is concluded that pindolol had no adverse effect on serum cholesterol and its HDL- and LDL-fractions during 1 year of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558293
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute calcium entry blockade inhibits the blood pressure but not the hormonal responses to angiotensin II (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 567-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: isradipine ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; calcium entry blockade ; renin angiotensin system ; aldosterone plasma renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of acute calcium entry blockade by isradipine (IS) and placebo (P) on the haemodynamic and humoral responses to angiotensin II (A II) have been compared in two groups of 9 patients with essential hypertension. During 4 sequential periods each of 20 min, an i.v. infusion of A II 0, 2, 4 and 8 ng · kg−1 · min−1 was given before (control) and 30 min after the oral administration either of IS or P. After IS, both the blood pressure and the angiotensin II-induced pressor effect were significantly reduced. Isradipine increased the heart rate and this cardio-acceleration was potentiated by A II. In contrast, when A II was infused in the absence of IS, heart rate tended to decrease. IS stimulated plasma renin activity and reduced plasma aldosterone. However, it did not affect either the inhibition of plasma renin activity or the rise in plasma aldosterone in response to A II. In conclusion, acute calcium entry blockade in patients with essential hypertension reduces the pressor response to A II, but not the A II-induced inhibition of renin and increase in plasma aldosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637737
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ramipril in hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ramipril ; renal insufficiency ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; ramiprilat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an open trial, the pharmacokinetics of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat were studied in 25 hypertensive patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency given 5 mg ramipril p.o. for 14 days. Ramipril was rapidly absorbed and reached a peak concentration after 1–2 h. Cmax was greater in patients with severe renal insufficiency, which might indicate a reduced renal elimination rate, although, the rapid decline of the concentration-time curve for ramipril was almost independent of renal function. The mean initial apparent half-lives on Days 1 and 12, respectively, were 2.8 and 3.4 h (Group I: creatinine clearance 5–15 ml/min), 1.8 and 2.3 h (Group II: creatinine clearance 15–40 ml/min), and 1.9 and 1.9 h (Group III: creatinine clearance 40–80 ml/min). No accumulation was observed after multiple dosing. In contrast, the kinetics of its active acid metabolite ramiprilat was significantly influenced by renal function. The mean times to the peak plasma concentration were 5.7 h in Group I, 4.4 h in Group II and 3.8 h in Group III. The initial decline in plasma ramiprilat was dependent upon renal function; the mean initial apparent half-lives (Days 1 and 12, respectively) were 16.0 and 14.8 h (Group I), 10.1 and 9.5 h (Group II) and 10.6 and 8.0 h (Group III). Mean trough concentrations and absolute accumulation also increased with worsening renal function, and the renal clearance of ramiprilat was significantly correlated with the creatinine clearance. The subsequent long terminal phase at low plasma ramiprilat concentrations represented slow dissociation of the ACE-inhibitor complex. The study indicates that in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min) smaller doses of ramipril are required than in patients with normal or borderline renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679779
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of felodipine at rest and during exercise in hypertensive patients treated with metoprolol or atenolol (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; metoprolol ; atenolol ; hypertension ; exercise ; pharmacokinetics ; adverse effects ; hypotensive action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study has been performed in thirteen patients with essential hypertension, WHO Class I–II, and a diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mm Hg, on beta-blocker (metoprolol or atenolol) monotherapy, who were also given felodipine 10 mg b.d. for 28 days. The acute and steady state blood pressure response at rest and during exercise, and the pharmacokinetics of felodipine and metoprolol, were examined. Felodipine in combination with the beta-blocker reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressures acutely and at steady-state. The duration of the effect was longer at steady-state. There was a significant correlation between the plasma concentration of felodipine and the change in blood pressure. The increase in systolic blood pressure during exercise was of the same magnitude before and after felodipine administration. No change in resting supine heart rate was found after the administration of felodipine. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of felodipine during long-term treatment, except for the trough plasma concentration, which was increased at steady-state, even though cumulation of felodipine and its metabolite did not occur. There was a significant decrease in the maximal plasma concentration and AUC of metoprolol after 28 days of treatment with felodipine, but its elimination half-life was not changed. The adverse reactions reported during this study were those generally seen after dihydropyridines and, except for two patients who were withdrawn after the first study day, the effects were well tolerated.
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    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
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    The effect of nisoldipine on renal function in the long-term treatment of hypertension in patients with and without renal impairment (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; hypertension ; renal function/-impairment ; calcium antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of nisoldipine on renal function after 6 weeks treatment was investigated in hypertensive patients with and without renal impairment. Nisoldipine was well tolerated and an effective antihypertensive agent when administered over a period of 6 weeks. There were no significant changes in glomerular filtration, cardiac output, plasma renin activity or serum biochemistry during nisoldipine administration. Effective renal plasma flow was unaffected by treatment in the patients with normal renal function, but in the patients with renal insufficiency, the value decreased by a mean of 12%. Nisoldipine had no major untoward effects on renal function after 6 weeks administration, but minor changes in renal haemodynamics in the patients with renal insufficiency would suggest that careful monitoring of renal function is indicated in such patients.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558120
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    Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during sustained treatment with conventional and extended-release felodipine in mild-to-moderate hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 555-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; hypertension ; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ; slow-release formulation ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To assess the duration of the antihypertensive effect of the dihydropiridine calcium antagonist felodipine in conventional (C-F) and slow-release (ER-F) formulations, 12 patients with essential hypertension underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at the end of a 2-week treatment period with C-F 5 mg b.d., ER-F 10 mg once daily (o.d.) and placebo. C-F, ER-F and placebo were given in a double-blind 3×3 latin square design 4 times replicated. There was no systematic change in the ABP profile over the three study periods regardless of the treatment. In comparison to placebo, the mean 24-h systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed a significant and similar reduction after both formulations of F. Compared to placebo, C-F and ER-F induced a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure for 15 and 21 h, respectively, and of diastolic blood pressure for 16 and 21 h, respectively. Three patients complained of headache (mild in 2, moderately severe in 1), and two patients of nocturia, with either formulation of F.
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    Membrane transport and disease (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 91 (1989), S. 3-11 
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    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: calcium ATPase ; glucose transport ; herpes virus ; hypertension ; leaks ; pore-formation ; sodium channels ; stress ; toxins ; transport ; viruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four situations in which membrane transport is altered by disease are discussed: (a) non-specific leaks induced by poreforming agents; (b) glucose transport and cellular stress; (c) Ca+-ATPase and hypertension; (d) Na− channels and HSV infection.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228073
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    Hemodynamics in emotional responses and in emotional stress (1989)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 19 (1989), S. 399-407 
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    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Keywords: hemodynamics ; stress ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the article, we present experimental data indicating that negative emotional states evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus or by behavioral conflicts are accompanied by a predominance of vascular responses of a presser character possessing the property of summation. In contrast, positive emotional states during a self-stimulation reaction or when animals attain behavioral results satisfying their major biological demands are accompanied by a predominance of pressor-depressor vascular reactions. In individual animals under conditions of experimental emotional stress in conflicting situations of a prolonged character, pronounced disturbances of cardiac-vascular functions occur. Predominantly pressor vascular reactions arise in response to forced stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in such cases. It is shown that changes in vascular tonus plays a leading role in disturbances of AP regulation during stress of immobilization. The most frequent cause of death in animals under such conditions is a progressive fall of AP due to an abrupt decrease in the total peripheral resistance. The resistance of the cardiac-vascular functions to emotional stress is determined to a significant degree by genetic mechanisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01197872
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    Course of wound healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats under the influence of morphine, substance P, and its SP1–4 fragment (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 867-871 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: wound healing ; morphine ; hypertension ; substance P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840765
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    Platelet Na+/H+ exchange in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 200-202 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertension ; platelets ; sodium-proton exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833802
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    Permeability of erythrocyte membranes for monovalent cations (Na+, K+) and their transformation in essential symptomatic (renal) hypertension (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 107 (1989), S. 632-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertension ; erythrocyte membrane permeability ; electron microscopy ; erythrocyte transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841769
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    Morphological changes in the junctional complex of cells in the arachnoid layer of the rat after cold injury (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arachnoid cells ; Tight and gap junctions ; Cold injury ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture technique ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The junctional complexes of cells in the outer arachnoid layer overlying the cerebral cortex of 2-week-old rats were examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy up to 60 min after transcranial cold injury to the dorsal surface of the brain. Within 30 min after injury, areas of gap and tight junctions with morphological features characteristic of junction formation and/or junction disruption were found scattered among normal junctional complexes in some arachnoid cells. Within 60 min after injury, tight junctions with features typical of less leaky zonulae occludentes were present in all arachnoid cells examined. These morphological features include increases in the number of tight junctional strands and the number of strand-to-strand anatomoses. Gap junctions were interspersed among the tight junctional strands, and many were completely encircled by the strands. The increase in the number and complexity of the tight junctional strands in response to brain injury may be the morphological basis for the maintenance of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood dural barrier.
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    Three-dimensional observation of the fibroblast-like cells associated with the rat myenteric plexus, with special reference to the interstitial cells of Cajal (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 343-351 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: SEM ; TEM ; Interstitial cell ; Myenteric plexus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An extensive cellular network becomes visible over the myenteric plexus of the rat after removal of the overlying tissues under the scanning electron microscope. The cells are mainly stellate and have many slender processes via which they interconnect. They form a three-dimensional network and are closely associated with the ganglia and nerve bundles, and also extend over the smooth muscle cells. They are considered to correspond to the interstitial cells of Cajal because of their peculiar arrangement and their topography. Transmission electron-microscopic evidence demonstrates that the majority of those cells have features of fibroblasts. Gap junctions and intermediate junctions are observed between these fibroblast-like cells, and also between them and smooth muscle cells. Examination of serial thin sections reveals that single fibroblast-like interstitial cells connect to both circular and longitudinal muscle cells via gap junctions. It is suggested that the network of interstitial cells conducts electrical signals.
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    Specific adhesion between pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and adrenal medullary endothelial cells in co-culture (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 365-372 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal medullary endothelial cells ; Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells ; Co-culture ; Cell surface extracts ; Adhesion ; Cell-cell interactions ; Bovine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla are found in close proximity to capillary endothelial cells, thereby forming the classical endocrine complex. To examine the possible chemical basis of their interaction in more detail, we have grown bovine adrenal medullary endothelial (BAME) cells in monolayer cultures and added to them pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, a chromaffin tumor cell line of rats. The PC12 cells were chosen because of the similarities they share with adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. PC12 cells rapidly attached to BAME cells cultures, their rate of adhesion being significantly enhanced over binding of PC12 cells to either uncoated plates or to monolayers of unrelated cell cultures. Consistent with this observation, we noted that the extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from the BAME cells did not enhance PC12 cell adhesion and did not promote neurite sprouting as previously described for ECM derived from corneal endothelial cells. The specific adhesion between PC12 and BAME cells could be abolished by cell surface extracts derived from these two cells but not by extracts derived from unrelated cell types. This activity was heat-labile, sensitive to trypsin and, to a lesser extent, to neuraminidase. We therefore conclude that PC12 cells may interact with BAME cells by specific proteinaceous adhesive factors associated with their plasma membranes. These interactions might represent the formative role of cell-cell contacts in the organization of the developing adrenal gland.
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    Theamylase gene-enzyme system of fishes (1989)
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    Journal of comparative physiology 159 (1989), S. 237-242 
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    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Amylase ; Mosquitofish ; Rat ; Drosophila ; Structure ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amylases from the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis holbrooki, Pisces: Poeciliidae) and rat were purified and compared withDrosophila amylases in terms of structure and function. At the structural level, amino acid compositions of the three amylases were compared. At the functional level, amylase activities were compared on various substrates and in the presence of inhibitors. While the amylases from all three organisms had properties typical of alpha-amylases, both structural and functional differences were observed. Using resemblance coefficients of distance and similarity from numerical taxonomy, it was determined that the amylases from the rat andDrosophila were more similar to each other than either was to amylase from the mosquitofish, and that structural differences between the amylases did not reflect functional differences, i.e. there was no correlation between amylase structural and functional distances.
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    Cellular origin and distribution of transforming growth factor-β1 in the normal rat myocardium (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 553-558 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β ; Myocardium ; mRNA ; Fibroblast ; Cardiomyocyte ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a biologically active polypeptide present in normal tissues as well as transformed cells. Two structurally related forms of this peptide are TGF-β 1 and TGF-β 2. Using freshly isolated cardiomyocytes and non-myocyte heart cells, and a [32P]-labelled cDNA probe to human TGF-β 1, we demonstrated that mRNA for TGF-β 1 could be detected only in the nonmyocyte fraction of heart cells. In the present study, the distribution of TGF-β 1 in the heart was determined by immunofluorescence staining by use of a polyclonal antibody to porcine TGF-β 1 in cryostat sections of rat heart. Immunofluorescence staining was intense around the blood vessels and radially diffuse in the surrounding myocardium.
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    Axonal tracing of autonomic nerve fibers to the superficial temporal artery in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 559-565 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retrograde tracing ; Immunocytochemistry ; Vascular innervation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of nerve fibers to the superficial temporal artery of the rat was studied by retrograde tracing with the fluorescent dye True Blue (TB). Application of TB to the rat superficial temporal artery labeled perikarya in the superior cervical ganglion, the otic ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the jugular-nodose ganglionic complex, and the trigeminal ganglion. The labeled perikarya were located in ipsilateral ganglia; a few neuronal somata were, in addition, seen in contralateral ganglia. Judging from the number of labeled nerve cell bodies the majority of fibers contributing to the perivascular innervation originate from the superior cervical, sphenopalatine and trigeminal ganglia. A moderate labeling was seen in the otic ganglion, whereas only few perikarya were labeled in the jugular-nodose ganglionic complex. Furthermore, TB-labeled perikarya were examined for the presence of neuropeptides. In the superior cervical ganglion, all TB-labeled nerve cell bodies contained neuropeptide Y. In the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia, the majority of the labeled perikarya were endowed with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In the trigeminal ganglion, the majority of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies displayed calcitonin gene-related peptide, while a small population of the TB-labeled neuronal elements contained, in addition, substance P. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the majority of peptide-containing nerve fibers to the superficial temporal artery originate in ipsilateral cranial ganglia; a few fibers, however, may originate in contralateral ganglia.
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    Distribution of MAP 2 in dendritic spines and its colocalization with actin (1989)
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    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 447-456 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: MAP2 ; Actin ; Dendritic spines ; Spine apparatus ; Spine synapses ; Postsynaptic density ; Synaptic plasticity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of MAP2 and actin in dendritic spines of the visual and cerebellar cortices, dentate fascia, and hippocampus was determined by using immunogold electron microscopy. By this approach, we have confirmed the presence of MAP2 in dendritic spines and identified substructures within the spine compartment showing MAP2 immunoreactivity. MAP2 immunolabeling was mainly associated with filaments which reacted with a monoclonal anti-actin antibody. Also, by immunogold double-labeling we colocalized MAP2 with actin on the endomembranes of the spine apparatus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and in the postsynaptic density. Labeling was nearly absent in axons and axonal terminals. These results indicate that MAP2 is an actin-associated protein in dendritic spines. Thus, MAP2 may organize actin filaments in the spine and endow the actin network of the spine with dynamic properties that are necessary for synaptic plasticity.
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    The relationship between gastrin cells and bombesin-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the gastric antral mucosa of guinea-pig, rat, dog and man (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 171-178 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin ; Gastrin-releasing peptide ; Bombesin ; Stomach ; Autonomic innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig ; Rat ; Dog ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between bombesin-like immunoreactive (bombesin-LI) nerve fibres and gastrin-LI G-cells was examined in gastric antral mucosa from guineapig, rat, dog and man using a double-labelling fluorescence immunohistochemical technique. The greatest density of bombesin-LI nerve fibres was found within the basal mucosa in all species and the density of innervation decreased towards the luminal surface. Most G-cells were in a band occupying approximately the middle third of the mucosa. The proportion of G-cells found within a distance of 2 μm from bombesin-LI nerve fibres was low in all species (6% in the guinea-pig, 22% in the rat, 14% in the dog, and 9% in the human). It is proposed that the neuropeptide released from bombesin-LI antral mucosal nerve fibres traverses distances of greater than several μm to reach the target G-cells. This may be achieved by passage through the mucosal microcirculation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221648
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    Immunohistochemistry of vacuoles occurring in rat hepatocytes after retinol administration (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 263-268 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retinol ; Vacuoles ; Immunohistochemistry ; Plasma proteins ; Hepatocytes ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vacuoles occurring in rat hepatocytes after intraportal injection of retinol (33 or 67 μg) were examined immunohistochemically using respective antibodies against rat albumin, human retinol-binding protein, human ceruloplasmin, human α 1-antitrypsin, human transferrin, and human prealbumin as representative plasma proteins. The occurrence of the vacuoles reached a numerical maximum 30 min after injection of 67 μg retinol, followed by a temporal decrease. Hepatocytes from control rats, which had been intraportally injected with either blood plasma diluted to 2/3 concentration or with retinol palmitate solvent (castor oil) dissolved in blood plasma, showed immunoreactive fine granules without the occurrence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Identical vacuoles in serial sections appeared immunohistochemically either immunoreactive or non-immunoreactive for all the antibodies used, with rare exceptions. The occurrence of several rare exceptions suggested that 2 kinds of vacuoles might be formed in different cytoplasmic compartments. A zonal distribution of vacuoles was apparent in the hepatic laminae (or acini) within the liver lobules. The vacuoles were predominantly distributed in zone 2, and to a lesser extent in zone 3 and zone 1 in that order.
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    Immunological homologies between yeast ribosomal protein L2 and rat liver ribosomal proteins L4 and L24 (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 235-239 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ribosomal protein ; Immunological homology ; Yeast ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polyclonal antibodies raised against ribosomal protein (r-protein) L2 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were used to check for cross-reaktions with total r-proteins of rat liver. Using this procedure, the rat liver r-proteins, L4 and L24, were identified as being immunologically related to yeast L2. In addtional, homologies between rat liver L4 and L24 were detected. The possible implications for the regulation of r-protein synthesis are discussed.
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    Effect of methyldopa on prolactin serum concentration (1988)
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 513-515 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methyldopa ; prolactin ; hypertension ; sustained release formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a group of ten hypertensive patients, the effects of methyldopa administration in two different formulations on serum prolactin (PRL) were studied. A single oral dose of normal release methyldopa significantly increased serum prolactin levels, peak concentrations occurring 3 to 6 h after drug administration. On the contrary, administration of sustained release methyldopa at the same dose was only followed by slight and not significant fluctuations in prolactin plasma levels. Both formulations produced a significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, without significant differences between sustained and normal release methyldopa effects.
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    Evaluation of two oxprenolol oral osmotic (OROS) delivery systems in patients with essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 605-611 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: oxprenolol ; hypertension ; osmotic delivery system ; blood pressure control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of two oxprenolol oral osmotic (OROS) delivery systems on heart rate and blood pressure before and during recovery from exercise at a predetermined load were examined in twelve patients with hypertension previously responding to beta-blocker monotherapy. Haemodynamic responses were attenuated during the 24 h after single and repeated (15 days') once daily administrations of 10/170 and 16/260 oxprenolol OROS. At 24 h after repeated doses, compared to placebo there were significant reductions in resting blood pressure and in heart rate immediately following exercise. Attenuation of heart rate after exercise was dose related but differences between the systems with respect to resting heart rate and blood pressure were inconsistent. Antihypertensive responses after repeated doses were greater than those after single doses. However, reductions in resting and exercise heart rates were consistently less on chronic therapy. This may reflect enhanced expression of the partial agonist activity of oxprenolol due to altered receptor sensitivity after prolonged beta-blockade. The plasma oxprenolol profiles after both systems indicated slow absorption and substantial concentrations were apparent 24 h after drug administration. These observations suggest that both oxprenolol OROS systems display sustained drug release and on once daily dosing provide 24 h beta-blockade and control of blood pressure at rest and following exercise.
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    Sustained release verapamil in renal hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. 549-555 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: verapamil ; sustained release formulation ; hypertension ; renal disease ; kidney function ; angiotensin II ; aldosterone ; arginine vasopressin ; atrial natriuretic peptide ; lipids and lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 14 patients with arterial hypertension secondary to chronic renal parenchymal disease and impaired renal function, 24-h ambulatory and casual blood pressure readings plasma, angiotensin II, aldosterone, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide, creatinine clearance, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, and body weight were determined after consecutive 3-week periods on placebo and sustained release verapamil 240 mg/day. Verapamil reduced the mean 24-h ambulatory blood pressure from 152/104 to 142/97 mm Hg. Blood pressure was significantly reduced during the daytime and the evening, but not at night. Casual blood pressure was also significantly reduced from 176/106 mm Hg to 154/96 mm Hg. No significant changes were found in the hormones, creatinine clearance, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, heart rate or body weight. The atrial natriuretic peptide level was significantly correlated with the calculated creatinine clearance (r=−0.797). Thus, sustained release verapamil 240 mg as a single daily dose had a moderate hypotensive effect in patients with chronic renal disease without inducing tachycardia, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, or increasing body weight, and without altering renal function and plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The negative correlation between atrial natriuretic peptide and glomerular filtration rate supports the hypothesis that the extracellular volume increases during progression of renal disease.
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    A double-blind comparison of felodipine and hydrochlorothiazide added to metoprolol to control hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; metoprolol ; hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-six uncomplicated hypertensive patients treated in General Practice, whose seated diastolic blood pressure (Phase V) (dBP) remained ≥95 mmHg after a minimum of 4 weeks treatment with metoprolol 50 mg b.i.d. as antihypertensive monotherapy, were randomized to receive the selective ‘calcium antagonist’ felodipine 5 mg b.i.d. or hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg b.i.d. in addition to metroprolol 50 mg b.i.d. The trial duration was 8 weeks, the dose of the felodipine or hydrochlorothiazide being doubled after 4 weeks if ‘control’ of BP (dBP 〈90 mmHg) was not achieved on the initial doses. Over the trial period of 8 weeks, felodipine reduced dBP from 102 to 85 mmHg and hydrochlorothiazide from 101 to 91 mmHg; the dBP reduction in the felodipine group was greater than that in the hydrochlorothiazide group (17 vs 9 mmHg) and the attained dBP lower in the felodipine group. About half of the patients in each group required the higher dose. Both regimes were effective and well tolerated. In the dosages used, felodipine was a slightly more effective antihypertensive drug than hydrochlorothiazide when added to metoprolol. There was no apparent difference in the tolerability of the two regimes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061411
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    Pharmacokinetics of lisinopril in hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 61-65 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: lisinopril ; renal failure ; half-life ; drug dose ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of lisinopril was studied after administration of single and multiple doses of 5 mg to hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function. In patients with severe renal failure the peak concentrations were higher, the decline in serum concentration was slower and the time to peak concentration was extended. Accumulation of lisinopril was highly correlated with the creatinine clearance. The effective half-life was doubled and tripled in patients with mild and severe renal impairment, respectively, as compared to patients with a normal renal function. Lisinopril lowered blood pressure in all three groups over 24 h. It is suggested that smaller doses of lisinopril should be administered to patients with severe renal failure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061419
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    A double-blind and cross-over comparison of once daily doxazosin and placebo with steady-state pharmacokinetics in elderly hypertensive patients (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxazosin ; hypertension ; alpha1-adrenoceptor inhibitor ; elderly patients ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The α1-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin has been compared with placebo in 40 elderly hypertensive patients (mean age 71.4 years). At the end of 10 weeks once daily treatment with doxazosin the mean 24-h post-dose changes in standing and supine blood pressure compared with placebo were −6.9/−5.6 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) and −6.2/−5.5 mmHg respectively. The reductions in standing and supine diastolic blood pressures were statistically significant compared with placebo. At the end of treatment steady-state pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 18 patients. The plasma elimination half-life during the dose interval in these patients was 16.1 h (range 10.1–27.1 h) and the median time to peak plasma concentration was 3 h (range 1–4 h). One patient was withdrawn because of adverse effects (headache, weakness, and sweating) during doxazosin treatment. Once daily doxazosin reduced diastolic blood pressure and was well tolerated in these elderly hypertensive patients.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614546
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    Effect of sustained-release verapamil therapy on the blood pressure at rest and on the pressor response to isometric exertion in hypertensive patients (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 549-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: verapamil ; hypertension ; sustained-release formulation ; handgrip test ; pressor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a new formulation of verapamil sustained release (SR) 240 mg tablets on resting blood pressure (BP) and on the pressor response to isometric exertion have been examined in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 12 hypertensive patients (mean age 45 years). SR verapamil and placebo were administered every 12 h for 6 consecutive weeks. At the end of each period of treatment BP and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest and during isometric exercise, performed as a handgrip (HG) test for 3 min at 30% of the maximum voluntary contraction. There was a significant reduction in resting systolic and diastolic BP, with no change in HR. BP and HR at peak exercise were lower after verapamil than after placebo, but the maximal absolute increase did not change during verapamil therapy. The results are compatible with a role of SR verapamil b.d. in reducing resting BP in hypertension, and in lowering very high pressure at the peak of a HG test, without modifying the physiological reactivity of cardiovascular system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615216
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  • 44
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    Renal function and blood pressure in patients treated with cyclosporin a for uveitis (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 601-604 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclosporin A ; uveitis ; renal function ; creatinine clearance ; hypertension ; corticosteroids ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal function has been evaluated in 21 patients treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) for 9 months for idiopathic uveitis. Serum creatinine, which was 82 µmol·l−1 before treatment, was significantly elevated after 1 month (111 µmol·l−1). After 9 months of treatment, and despite a decrease in CyA dosage, the mean plasma creatinine remained elevated at 132 µmol·l−1. Hypertension developed in 6 patients, five of them being concomitantly treated with corticosteroids. In 8 patients serum creatinine 3 months after CyA had been stopped had decreased from 148 to 93 µmol·l−1. Two of those patients remained hypertensive 3 months after CyA treatment had ceased. In patients with idiopathic uveitis CyA induces a reversible increase in serum creatinine. However the reversibility of such a biochemical marker does not preclude a histopathological lesion. Chronic renal damage may be responsible for the persistance of hypertension after cessation of CyA treatment
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615224
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  • 45
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    Efficacy and tolerability of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol: A comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets in mild to moderate hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. S39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; hypertension ; controlled-release metoprolol ; systolic and diastolic blood pressure ; heart rate ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind study with parallel groups 195 hypertensive patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either conventional tablets of metoprolol, 100 mg once daily, or a new controlled-release (CR) formulation of metoprolol1, 100 mg once daily. The dose was doubled if the patient's diastolic blood pressure remained ≥95 mmHg after six weeks on 100 mg, whereas well-controlled patients continued on 100 mg once daily for a further six-week period. In the metoprolol tablet group the 200 mg dose was administered in the form of Durules. There was a significant reduction from the placebo baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at 24 h after both six weeks and 12 weeks of active treatment; no significant difference in the mean reduction from baseline between the two groups was demonstrated. However, significantly more patients responded to treatment with metoprolol CR when compared with those patients taking metoprolol tablets. After six weeks of active treatment 61% of the metoprolol CR group and 56% of the conventional metoprolol tablet group had a diastolic blood pressure 〈95 mmHg. After another six weeks the corresponding figures were 83% and 69% respectively. Between week 6 and 12, 36% of patients in the metoprolol CR group and 42% of patients in the conventional metoprolol tablet group were receiving a 200 mg dose. All formulations of metoprolol were well-tolerated. Fewer subjective symptoms were reported during active treatment than during the placebo phase. There were no differences between the groups with regard to changes in laboratory variables from baseline, changes in all combined symptoms, or changes in any one symptom.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578411
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  • 46
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    A comparison of felodipine and propranolol as additions to hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; propranolol ; hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; general practice ; blood pressure ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighty one patients with uncomplicated hypertension who required additional antihypertensive medication (diastolic Phase V [dBP]≧95 mm Hg) after 4 weeks treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg o.m. were randomized to receive felodipine 5 mg b.i.d. (n=40) or propranolol (n=41) 80 mg b.i.d. in addition to HCTZ 25 mg o.m. If the dBP measured about 12 h post-dose was not ≦90 mm Hg after 4 weeks, the dose of felodipine or propranolol was doubled. The double blind trial period was 8 weeks for all patients. Over the 8 week period, felodipine reduced the seated dBP from 100 to 83 mm Hg and propranolol from 101 to 86 mm Hg. The attained seated dBPs were significantly different in the two groups. About one third of patients in each group received the high dose of second-line therapy. After 8 weeks 91% of patients receiving HCTZ+felodipine and 84% receiving HCTZ+propranolol had a dBP ≦ 90 mm Hg. Both regimens were well-tolerated with an equal incidence but different pattern of adverse events (felodipine: flushing, headache and peripheral oedema; propranolol: dyspepsia, fatigue and vasospasm). In this 8-week study, felodipine and propranolol were safe and effective second-line antihypertensive drugs when added to hydrochlorothiazide. At the doses selected, felodipine was at least as effective as propranolol.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614545
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  • 47
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    Haemodynamic effects of short-term treatment with bopindolol in essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 411-413 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bopindolol ; hypertension ; beta-adrenoceptor blocker ; haemodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten patients (mean age 53 years) with essential hypertension have been studied at rest and during exercise following oral treatment for 6 weeks with a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, bopindolol. The treatment caused a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate, both at rest and during exercise. Stroke volume fell, too, and therefore so did cardiac output, whereas the systemic vascular resistance was increased. Left ventricular filling pressure was elevated both at rest and during exercise following bopindolol therapy. However, a different haemodynamic pattern was noted in patients with elevated total peripheral resistance prior to therapy (Group 1) compared to patients with normal or subnormal peripheral resistance (Group 2). A decrease in systemic vascular resistance seemed to be the cause of the fall in blood pressure in Group 1, as the expected increase in vascular resistance did not occur, whereas a reduction in cardiac output was of greater importance in Group 2. During exercise the lowering of arterial blood pressure in both groups was mediated by a reduction in cardiac output.
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    The efficacy and tolerability of atenolol, nifedipine, and their combination in the management of hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; nifedipine ; hypertension ; adverse effects ; fixed combination ; drug efficacy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study we investigated the haemodynamic effects of a beta-blocker (atenolol 50 mg) and a calcium antagonist (nifedipine SR 20 mg) given either separately or in combination in three groups of hypertensive patients. Each treatment was administered twice daily. The fixed combination given twice daily for four weeks produced reductions in blood pressure which lasted for at least 12 h after administration of the last dose. The control of blood pressure by the combination was superior to that achieved by its individual components. Adverse effects normally associated with nifedipine were less frequent when it was given with atenolol. Compliance with treatment was good, but best when the drugs were given together rather than separately. A fixed combination of atenolol and nifedipine may prove useful in treating hypertensive patients inadequately controlled on beta-blocker therapy alone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615215
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  • 49
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    Doxazosin in patients with hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 21-24 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxazosin ; hypertension ; alpha-adrenergic blockade ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effects and steady-state pharmacokinetics of doxazosin, as well as the bioequivalence of four dosage forms, were studied in 25 hypertensive patients. For an 8 mg daily dose mean Cmax at steady-state for all patients was 108 ng/ml; the mean tmax was 1.8 h. The mean terminal elimination half-life was 22 h. The four tablets containing 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg of doxazosin were bioequivalent in delivering the 8 mg dose. In patients with mild to moderate hypertension, 26-day treatment with doxazosin resulted in blood pressure reduction of 10/7 mm Hg in the supine and 13/18 mm Hg in the standing position. Adverse effects were generally mild and of brief duration.
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    The effect of hydralazine on steady-state plasma concentrations of metoprolol in pregnant hypertensive women (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; hydralazine ; hypertension ; pregnancy ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the plasma concentrations levels of metoprolol after its twice daily administration in a dose of 50 mg for 4 days in ten, hypertensive pregnant women to the during monotherapy and in combination with 25 mg of hydralazine given twice daily. Hydralazine increased the median AUC and Cmax of metoprolol by 38% and 88% respectively, and decreased the tmax from 1.5 h to 1.0 h. Hydralazine had no effect on the plasma concentrations of alpha-OH-metoprolol. These results suggest that the effect of hydralazine on metoprolol plasma concentrations is primarily due to a reduction in first-pass elimination.
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    A possible drug interaction between rifampicin and enalapril (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 431-432 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: rifampicin ; enalapril ; hypertension ; drug interaction ; case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When a 35-year-old man with essential hypertension was treated with antibiotics for brucellosis his blood pressure rose significantly. While all other treatment was kept constant rifampicin was discontinued. On rechallenge rifampicin did not alter serum concentrations of enalapril or the area under the curve (AUC) between 0 and 7 h, but it did reduce the AUC of the active metabolite enalaprilat by 31%. These observations suggest that there may be an interaction between rifampicin and enalapril, causing reduced hypotensive efficacy of enalapril. The mechanism of such an interaction merits further study, but it could be due to enhanced renal clearance of enalaprilat.
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    Cadralazine pharmacokinetics — A pilot study (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 571-572 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cadralazine ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558256
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  • 53
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    Ketanserin combined with a beta-blocker or diuretic in essential hypertension. A multicentre study (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 573-577 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketanserin ; hypertension ; combination therapy ; diuretic ; beta-adrenergic blocker ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effect of ketanserin 40 mg b.d. in combination with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent or a diuretic was assessed in an open study in 35 patients with essential hypertension, who had not responded to treatment with beta-blockers, diuretics or their combination. The ketanserin/beta-blocker combination decreased mean sitting systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) from 169/107 mm Hg to 156/91 mm Hg at the end of the 12-week active treatment period. The decrease in systolic blood pressure was significant only at Week 8, while the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was highly significant at all times. A significant reduction in heart rate by 10 beats·min−1 was observed with the ketanserin + β-blocker combination. The ketanserin/diuretic combination led to a significant reduction in mean SBP/DBP from 164/106 mm Hg to 146/92 mm Hg after 12 weeks, with no significant change in heart rate. Body weight slightly increased in both groups. There were significantly fewer adverse reactions with the ketanserin/diuretic combination than with the ketanserin/beta-blocker combination. The results indicate a potentially useful therapeutic role for ketanserin in combination with beta-blockers or diuretics.
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    Comparison of the antihypertensive effects of celiprolol and acebutolol (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 125-128 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: celiprolol ; acebutolol ; hypertension ; beta-blockers ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effects of the new cardioselective beta-blocker celiprolol and acebutolol have been compared. Thirty patients with arterial hypertension WHO Grade I–II were treated in a double-blind fashion with celiprolol or acebutolol. Before starting the treatment and on Days 15 and 29, before the morning dose, blood samples were taken for measurement of the plasma level of celiprolol. At the same times physical examinations, and clinical and urine chemistry analyses were performed. At the 99% probability level both drugs had significantly lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures to normal values at the end of the second and fourth weeks. There was no significant difference between their antihypertensive efficacy. The decrease in diastolic blood pressure at the end of the second week was significantly correlated with the reciprocal of the plasma celiprolol concentration at steady-state at the end of the dosage interval.
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  • 55
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    Verapamil and bendrofluazide in the treatment of hypertension: A controlled study of effectiveness alone and in combination (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 249-253 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: verapamil ; bendrofluazide ; hypertension ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of verapamil and bendrofluazide used singly and in combination were examined in patients with primary hypertension in a patient blind, partly observer blind placebo controlled study of parallel group design; there were ten subjects in each arm of the trial. Verapamil 160 mg twice daily caused supine mean arterial pressure to fall by 21 mm Hg; this reduction was significantly greater (p〈0.05) than that induced by bendrofluazide 5 mg daily which caused a fall of only 10 mm Hg. The addition of verapamil 160 mg twice daily to bendrofluazide 5 mg daily caused a further fall in pressure of 18 mm Hg (p〈0.005), but the reduction in pressure when bendrofluazide was added to verapamil was only 1 mm Hg and not significant. Bendrofluazide therapy caused a fall in plasma potassium concentration and an increase in plasma urate concentration; urinary calcium excretion was reduced. Verapamil caused no detectable biochemical alterations in plasma or urine.
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    Dose-titration study of alfuzosin, a new alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker, in essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 25-30 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alfuzosin ; alpha1-adrenoceptor blockers ; hypertension ; adverse reactions ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An open, dose-titration study of alfuzosin, a new selective post-synaptic alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist with additional direct vasodilator properties has been performed. After a 3-week runin placebo period, 12 patients with essential hypertension received alfuzosin 5 mg oral b.d., and then the dose was doubled every week, up to a maximum of 20 mg q.i.d. if the supine diastolic blood pressure was 〉90 mm Hg. The study lasted for 4 weeks. Supine blood pressure (SBP) decreased from 160/102 (Day 0) to 148/89 mm Hg and upright blood pressure (UBP) from 151/102 (Day 0) to 137/84 mm Hg. Alfuzosin did not cause any significant change in supine or upright heart rate. In addition, after the first dose of alfuzosin, supine and upright blood pressure and heart rate (SHR and UHR) were measured every 30 min for 5 h. The fall in blood pressure was significant after 90 min and it lasted up to the 5th hour; the maximum effect was observed after 3 h: SBP decreased from 159/103 (time 0) to 137/84 mm Hg and UBP from 150/102 (time 0) to 123/79 mm Hg. SHR was increased from 72 (time 0) to 81 beats/min at the 5th hour and UHR from 87 to 101 beats/min at the 4th hour. A weak but significant correlation was observed between the hypothensive effect 12 h after drug intake and the plasma concentration of the drug at that time. A 10% decrease in supine diastolic blood pressure was found at a drug plasma concentration higher than 7 ng/ml. Nine of the 11 patients reached the end-point (supine diastolic BP≤90 mm Hg) at the end of 28 days: 1 at the dose of 5 mg b.d., 6 at 10 mg b.d. and 2 at 20 mg q.i.d. At the high dose they both complained of palpitations. Two other patients complained of mild and transient palpitations at lower doses.
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    Effect of clonidine on beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol secretion in essential hypertension and obesity (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 115-121 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; hypertension ; obesity ; betaendorphin ; ACTH ; cortisol ; circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation by clonidine on the secretion of beta-endorphin, ACTH, and cortisol in essential hypertension and obesity was studied in 45 subjects: 15 non-obese hypertensives, 10 obese hypertensives, 11 obese normotensives, and 9 healthy subjects. The circadian rhythm of plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH, and cortisol was determined after placebo and after three days on clonidine 0.45 mg daily. Clonidine lowered the blood pressure and blood ACTH and cortisol levels in all the subjects. A significant decrease in beta-endorphin after clonidine occurred in the healthy subjects. In obese normotensives basal beta-endorphin concentrations were significantly higher than in healthy subjects and did not change after clonidine. In about 50% of non-obese and obese hypertensives a significant increase in beta-endorphin secretion after clonidine was noted (responders). In the subgroup of non-obese hypertensive responders no circadian rhythm of beta-endorphin was observed. The results suggest that adrenergic regulation of beta-endorphin secretion is altered in obesity and in certain patients with essential hypertension.
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    Epilepsy and electromagnetic fields: effects of simulated atmospherics and 100-Hz magnetic fields on audiogenic seizure in rats (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 32 (1988), S. 17-20 
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    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Electromagnetic fields ; Rat ; Audiogenic seizure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the possible association between epileptic seizures and natural electromagnetic fields, 32 female audiogenic seizure (AGS)-susceptible rats were exposed to simulated 10 kHz and 28 kHz atmospherics and to a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field with a frequency of 100 Hz and field strength of 1 A/m. After the electromagnetic exposure, seizures were induced in the rats with a sound stimulus. The severity of the seizure was determined on an ordinal scale, the audiogenic response score (ARS). The time from the beginning of the sound stimulus to the onset of the seizure (seizure latency) and the duration of the convulsion was measured. No differences from the control experiments were found in the experiments with simulated atmospherics, but the 100 Hz magnetic field increased the seizure latency by about 13% (P〈0.02). The results do not support the hypothesis that natural atmospheric electromagnetic signals could affect the onset of epileptic seizures, but they suggest that AGS-susceptible rats may be a useful model for studying the biological effects of electromagnetic fields.
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    Demonstration of correlations between the 8 and 10 kHz atmospherics and the inflammatory reaction of rats after carrageenan injection (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 32 (1988), S. 201-204 
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    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Atmospherics ; Carrageenan inflammation ; Rat ; Susceptibility ; Correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Between the mean daily density of 28 kHz atmospherics and the onset of epileptic fits there is a highly significant correlation coefficient (r) of 0.30; there is a negative coefficient of −0.20 between the fits and the mean daily density of 10 kHz atmospherics. The onset of heart infarction is correlated with 28 kHz atmospherics (r=0.15). Furthermore, we have discovered that sudden deafness is also correlated with certain configurations of atmospherics. In this paper we report the following correlation coefficients between the inflammatory reaction of rats to a carrageenan injection (rci) into a hind paw and the mean daily pulse rate of atmospherics of the same day:r=0.49 for the 8 kHz atmospherics (P〈0.02) andr=0.44 for the 10 kHz atmospherics (P〈0.04). The correlations between rci reaction and other atmospherics (12 and 28 kHz) are smaller and not significant. By the method of multiple linear regression we found a multipleR=0.54 between rci reaction and the 8 and 10 kHz atmospherics (the regression function for the rci reaction is 0.15+0.004×8 kHz+0.002×10 kHz,P〈0.05).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045280
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    Effect of controlled-release metoprolol on blood pressure and exercise heart rate in hypertension: A comparison with conventional tablets (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. S33 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; hypertension ; tolerability ; exercise ; once-daily dosing ; controlled-release formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind study with parallel groups a new controlled-release (CR) formulation of metoprolol1, 100 mg once daily, was compared with conventional metoprolol tablets, 100 mg once daily, in 27 patients with primary hypertension. Exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer were undertaken 24 h after intake of the last dose of the drug following a four-week placebo run-in period and after four weeks of active treatment. Heart rate, measured in the supine position and during exercise at the highest comparable workload, was reduced significantly more by metoprolol CR (p〈0.05), thus indicating a higher degree of β1-blockade at the end of the dose interval with metoprolol CR. There was a greater reduction in supine systolic pressure (p〈0.05) but not in supine diastolic pressure after metoprolol CR than after conventional tablets at 24 h. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to reduction in systolic blood pressure during exercise. The 24-h plasma concentrations of metoprolol CR and conventional tablets correlated with the effects on heart rate, but not with blood pressure. The tolerability of metoprolol CR was comparable with that of metoprolol administered as conventional tablets. In conclusion, there was significantly greater β1-blockade 24 h after the intake of drug after metoprolol CR compared with conventional tablets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578410
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    24-hour control of blood pressure by once daily doxazosin: a multicentre double-blind comparison with placebo (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 613-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxazosin ; hypertension ; alpha1-adrenoceptor inhibitor ; adverse effects ; multicentre study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive efficacy of the new, once daily, alpha1-adrenoceptor inhibitor, doxazosin, was compared with placebo in 40 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Following a dose titration the mean final daily doxazosin dose in 20 patients was 13.1 mg. Through-the-day blood pressure control was assessed by frequent measurements during 24 h hospitalisation in the 9 th week of double-blind treatment compared with similar measurements made during a 2 week single-blind placebo run-in. Mean reductions in standing and supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure during doxazosin treatment were statistically significantly greater than during placebo treatment at most hourly time points during the 24 h post-dose period. Twenty-four post-dose the mean falls in standing and supine diastolic blood pressure during doxazosin treatment were statistically significant when compared with placebo. Adverse effects during doxazosin treatment were generally minor and were tolerated or disappeared with continued therapy. No patients were withdrawn from the study due to adverse effects. We conclude that once daily doxazosin provides smooth and effective blood pressure control throughout a 24 h post-dose period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615226
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    Effects of dilevalol, an R, R-isomer of labetalol, on blood pressure and renal function in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dilevalol ; hypertension ; labetolol R-R-isomer ; renal function ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of oral dilevalol (an R, R-isomer of labetalol), a new β-adrenoceptor blocker with β2-receptor stimulating and α-recepter blocking properties on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone have been studied in 15 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension treated with it for 6 weeks. Two patients with apparent treatment failure and one patient who developed muscle pain and cramps, and had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level, were excluded from the study. Dilevalol monotherapy 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Total renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced, and RBF and GFR remained unchanged. Dilevalol significantly decreased PRA. The results suggest that prolonged daily treatment with dilevalol preserves renal function and produces a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The ancillary pharmacological properties of dilevalol rather than PRA suppression may be relevant to its renal effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555500
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    The effects of the 5 HT2 antagonist ritanserin on blood pressure and serotonin-induced platelet aggregation in patients with untreated essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ritanserin ; hypertension ; serotonin ; (5 HT) ; blood pressure ; platelet aggregation ; QT interval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have given the selective 5 HT2 antagonist ritanserin in a dose of 10 mg twice daily for 4 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled, parallel group study of 18 patients with untreated essential hypertension. The fall in single platelet count due to 5 HT-induced platelet aggregation was significantly reduced by ritanserin compared with placebo (p〈0.05). There were no significant changes in supine or erect blood pressure or heart rate after ritanserin compared to placebo. Forearm blood flow, measured by mercury-in-strain gauge venous occlusion plethysmography, was not significantly altered by ritanserin. Ritanserin caused prolongation of the QTc interval by 41 (SEM 11) ms (p〈0.05 compared to placebo) but had no detectable effect on QRS duration, features suggestive of Class III antiarrhythmic activity. These findings do not support an independent role of the 5 HT2 receptor in maintaining raised arterial pressure in essential hypertension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609240
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    Inhibition of the aldosterone response to sodium depletion in man by stimulation of dopamine DA2 receptors (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 323-326 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: aldosterone ; DA2-receptor ; co-dergocrine ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we have investigated the effect of co-dergocrine, a selective DA2-agonist, on plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) in twelve patients with essential hypertension both in basal conditions and during sodium depletion. Sodium depletion resulted in an increase of PAC from 38 (13) pg/ml to 297 (21) pg/ml. The PAC response to sodium depletion was reduced to 155 (29) pg/ml by co-dergocrine. No significant PAC changes were found in patients maintained on a normal sodium intake. In addition the drug did not significantly modify plasma renin activity (PRA) in either experimental group. These results suggest that the dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone secretion in man is mediated by DA2-receptors in the adrenal cortex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558273
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    Increased Na+/H+ exchange in erythrocytes of hypertensive patients (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1246-1249 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: erythrocytes ; Na+/H+ exchange ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00834485
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    Binding of intravenously injected antibodies against laminin to developing and mature endocrine glands (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 171-181 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Anterior pituitary gland ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine whether circulating antibodies against laminin can bind in vivo to basement membranes within endocrine glands, affinity-purified sheep or rabbit anti-laminin IgG was intravenously injected into rats. One to five hours after injection, anti-laminin IgG was bound to all basement membranes of adrenal and anterior pituitary glands of mature as well as 2-day-old newborn rats as shown by immunofluorescence microscopy. After the injection of anti-laminin conjugated directly to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), HRP reaction product was also present throughout adrenal and pituitary basement membranes in mature and immature glands 1–5 h post-injection. Ultrathin Lowicryl sections from rats that received unconjugated rabbit anti-laminin IgG 1 h prior to fixation with paraformaldehyde were labeled directly with anti-rabbit IgG-colloidal gold. In these cases, gold also bound specifically over the lamina densa and lamina rara. When adrenal or pituitary glands from mature rats were examined by immunofluorescence 1 week after the injection of sheep anti-laminin IgG, the patterns and amounts of bound sheep IgG were indistinguishable from those observed 1 h after injection. In contrast, significantly less fluorescence was present in glands from 7-day-old rat pups that had received anti-laminin IgG 5 days earlier. In addition, when anti-laminin IgG-HRP was injected into newborns and glands were fixed 5 days later, lengths of labeled endothelial and epithelial basement membranes were often interspersed with unlabeled lengths in zones of cellular proliferation in the outer adrenal cortex and throughout the pituitary gland. These results indicated that unlabeled basement membranes in these regions were probably assembled after the injection of anti-laminin IgG, which would also explain diminished labeling of basement membranes in these animals. Despite the continued presence of heterologous anti-laminin IgG within endocrine basement membranes, however, rat IgG, rat C3, inflammatory cells, or histologic abnormalities were observed in neither newborn nor adult glands under the conditions examined here. Sections from rats injected with control IgG or control IgG-HRP were entirely negative by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and immunogold techniques. We therefore conclude that (1) apparently large amounts of circulating anti-laminin IgG can bind to adrenal and pituitary basement membranes, and (2) at least some of these basement membranes are assembled during development by progressive splicing of newly synthesized matrix into that already present.
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    Pathway of nerves with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity to the major cerebral arteries of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 275-280 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral arteries ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Vascular innervation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathway of nerves with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)-like immunoreactivity to the major cerebral arteries was studied in rats by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. The fibers are densely distributed in the ethmoidal nerves and in the adventitia of both the external and internal ethmoidal arteries. Section of both ethmoidal nerves and external ethmoidal arteries before they enter the cranial cavity induced a marked reduction of VIP-like immunoreactive fibers in the walls of the vessels of the circle of Willis and its major branches. However, section of the external ethmoidal artery alone did not result in visible changes of the nerves around major cerebral arteries. The present study suggests that VIP-like immunoreactive fibers surrounding major cerebral arteries of the rat arise from fibers in the ethmoidal nerve showing immunoreactivity to VIP.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215834
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    Morphology of smooth muscle cells in the rat thoracic duct (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 243-248 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thoracic duct ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the smooth muscle cells in the wall of the rat thoracic duct were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The muscle layer basically consists of a single layer of circularly arranged cells. The smooth muscle cell is fusiform or ribbon-like in shape, as in veins or venules with a similar or smaller diameter. Connections by spinous processes are observed between adjacent muscle cells along their length. Spot-like membrane contacts frequently occur in areas where facing membranes are closely apposed. These are thought to be gap junctions and may be responsible for electrical coupling and mechanical attachment. Large invaginations arranged regularly in rows on the surface of the smooth muscle cells can be observed. These invaginations are closely associated with a flattened sarcoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae tend to open into the invaginations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215831
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    Lymphocyte number and distribution in the rat uterine epithelium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 241-244 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterus ; Intraepithelial lymphocytes ; Estrous cycle ; Early pregnancy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the uterus of virgin rats was analysed in diestrus, proestrus and estrus, and in nulliparous rats on days 5, 7 and 9 of pregnancy. IEL number was calculated either with respect to the number of epithelial cells or to the length of epithelium section. It was found that in diestrus, the number of IEL was, on average, 3.7 per 100 luminal epithelial cells or 6.7 per 1 mm of epithelium section, whereas in proestrus, it decreased to 0.9 and 1.2 IEL, respectively. On day 5 of pregnancy (before implantation) the number of IEL decreased further to 0.45 per 100 luminal epithelial cells or 0.9 per 1 mm of epithelium. On days 7 and 9 of pregnancy, IEL number further decreased in implantation sites, whereas in interimplantation sites it remained at the level calculated for day 5 of pregnancy. The population of uterine IEL consisted of small (82–99%) and large (1–18%) lymphocytes. In all stages of the estrous cycle, IEL occurred with a frequency of 68–87% in the basal region, 8–20% in the middle region and 4–12% in the apical region of the luminal epithelium width.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221759
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    Evidence for neuroendocrine regulation of preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 65-70 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adipose tissue ; Cell proliferation ; Cell differentiation ; Histochemistry ; Swine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells in fetal adipose tissue and cells in vitro are characterized by rapid proliferation. Serum factors have been shown to be important for the rapid proliferation of cells in vitro. The present experiment was performed to determine if neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms of the fetus can influence the actions of serum factors on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Sera were obtained from decapitated fetal pigs and intact littermates during gestation. Sera were tested for their effects on primary cultures of preadipocytes and stromalvascular cells derived from inguinal adipose tissue of young Sprague-Dawley rats. Coverslip cultures were used for histochemical analysis of enzymes after 12 days of incubation with test media. Analysis of growth curves produced from sequential [3H]-thymidine labeling indicated that fetal age influences rates of proliferation. Sera from decapitated fetal pigs specifically reduced the number of proliferating preadipocytes in culture. Sera from decapitated fetal pigs induced a minimum of 50% less differentiation of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity than sera from intact pigs at all fetal ages. Histochemical staining for enzymes of differentiating preadipocytes was also reduced in cultures incubated with sera from decapitated fetal pigs in comparison to sera from intact pigs. The present study has demonstrated that the in vivo effect of decapitation on fetal adipose tissue development is a consequence of alterations in systemic factors present in serum in response to removal of central regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215448
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    The lattice arrangement of the collagen fibres in the submucosa of the rat small intestine: scanning electron microscopy (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 117-121 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen ; Submucosa ; Intestine ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional architecture of the submucosal collagen fibres of the rat (3 weeks old) small intestine was examined by scanning electron microscopy using a selective microdissection method. The main framework of the submucosa was composed of two arrays of collagen fibre bundles running diagonally around the intestinal wall, one set in a clockwise direction, the other counterclockwise. These fibre bundles were about 5 μm in diameter and were oriented at a range of angle ± 30°–50° to the longitudinal axis of the intestine. With the advantage of the SEM observation it was demonstrated that these fibres in different arrays did not constitute two separate layers but interwove to form a unified lattice sheet. An irregular network of fine collagen fibrils over the main framework was also seen. The significance of their arrangement is discussed with respect to the skeletal function of the submucosa in the intestine.
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    Adhesion, proliferation, and adipogenesis in primary rat cell cultures: effects of collagenous substrata, fibronectin, and serum (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 123-128 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adipocyte ; Primary culture ; Collagen ; Fibronectin ; Serum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of collagenous substrata, fibronectin, and fetal bovine serum on the adhesion, proliferation, and adipogenesis of rat stromal-vascular cells are reported. There was no effect on initial stromal-vascular cell-attachment by fetal bovine serum or fibronectin. The number of cells attached to a hydrated collagen-gel was almost twice (P〈0.04) the number attached to dried collagen-gel or dried denatured collagen-gel. Total number of cells after 5 days in culture was similar among the collagenous substrata and among the treatments with or without fibronectin in the growth media. Total number of cells increased significantly (P〈0.02) with 10% FBS. Adipocytic formation was inhibited by hydrated collagen-gel (P〈0.02) compared to dried collagen-gel or dried, denatured collagenous substrata. An interaction occurred between dried, denatured gel and fetal bovine serum so that total formation of adipocytes increased by increasing the level of fetal bovine serum (P〈0.07). Adipocytic formation was inhibited by hydrated collagen-gel at all levels of fetal bovine serum. The percentage of cells that converted to adipocytes was significantly lower (P〈0.01) on hydrated collagen-gel compared to dried, denatured or dried collagen-gel. Percentage of conversion was not significantly different among levels of fetal bovine serum, although this percentage increased as fetal bovine serum level increased. Adipocytic conversion was not different between fibronectin-treated or untreated cells. Morphology of stromal vascular cells was similar on dried collagen and dried, denatured collagen-gel, but tended to remain bipolar on hydrated collagen-gel. These studies indicate that fetal bovine serum in combination with the extracellular matrix (dried, denatured collagen) increased the differentiation of rat stromal-vascular cells into adipocytes, and that hydrated collagen inhibited differentiation.
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    Fine-structural localization of neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the neuronal somata of colchicine-pretreated celiac ganglia of rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide ; Intracellular localization ; Sympathetic ganglia ; Colchicine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In colchicine-pretreated cells of sympathetic ganglia, intensely NPY-immunoreactive material was localized within vacuoles and vesicles of the disorganized, widely dispersed Golgi apparatus. Intensely positive large granular vesicles, which are known to be one of major storage sites of various peptides in the autonomic nerve endings, were essentially unobserved in the perikaryal cytoplasm. The present finding provides evidence that one pool of NPY-like immunoreactivity is localized in the Golgi apparatus of colchicine-pretreated as well as normal sympathetic ganglion cells. It is also clear that visualization of NPY-immunoreactive somata by colchicine-pretreatment in the sympathetic ganglia is due to the accumulation of the neuropeptide in the disorganized Golgi stacks instead of increased amount of the large granular vesicles containing NPY.
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    Hydrodynamic model of the urinary bladder derived from stepwise cystometry in the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 26 (1988), S. 267-270 
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    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Compliance ; Curve fitting ; Rat ; Stepwise cystometry ; Urinary bladder ; Viscoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The urinary bladder of the rat was examined by nearly ideal, unit step volume infusions. Spontaneous detrusor contractions occurred in vivo but ceased soon after death. A hydrodynamic model of the post mortem bladder wall was evaluated. Elastic properties were described by introducing two types of compliances; a dynamic compliance for fast response characteristics and a static compliance for the relaxed bladder wall. These compliances were easy to measure and found to vary with the degree of bladder expansion. The influence of viscosity was well described by a model with two relaxation time constants and was the optimal model in almost 50 per cent of the measurements. The long time constant was found to increase with bladder expansion.
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    The ontogeny and phylogenetic conservation of MAP 2 forms (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 145 (1988), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Microtubule-associated proteins ; Development ; Rat ; Quail ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the adult rat brain, MAP 2 is a high-molecular weight protein that is highly concentrated in dendrites. Immunoblots of homogenates of developing rat brain have indicated that a low-molecular weight form of MAP 2, MAP 2 c, is transiently expressed as the brain is undergoing morphogenesis. Using MAP 2-specific monoclonal antibodies, we have demonstrated that the compartmentalization of high-molecular weight MAP 2 and the developmental regulation of MAP 2 are conserved in mammalian, avian, and amphibian brain. We have also determined the distribution of MAP 2 c in developing neuronal tissue. MAP 2 c appears before high-molecular weight MAP 2 in developing neurons, and in contrast to the dendrite-specific high-molecular weight forms of MAP 2, MAP 2 c is present in axons and glia. We have also shown that MAP 2 c is present in the adult rat retina, where it is concentrated in regenerative photosensitive cells. The transient expression of MAP 2 c in the developing brain of three species as well as in adult photosensitive cells suggests a role for this protein in neurite growth and plasticity.
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    Immunohistochemical identification of supportive cell types in the enteric nervous system of the rat colon and rectum (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 523-529 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein ; S-100 protein ; Supportive cells ; Intestine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The non-neuronal, supportive cells of the enteric nerve plexus were investigated in the colon and rectum of adult and developing rats by means of immunohistochemistry, utilizing antisera against GFA protein and S-100 protein. Immunoreactivity to GFA protein was almost exclusively found in cells associated with the myenteric plexus and a small number of cells within the submucous ganglia. On the other hand, the use of S-100 protein antiserum resulted in the visualization of all supportive elements in the enteric nervous system. However, two types of supportive cells could be tentatively differentiated in the enteric nerve plexus during the second week of postnatal development, using GFA protein and S-100 protein antisera; GFA protein-positive cells were clearly discernible from S-100 protein-positive cells in terms of both the morphological profiles and immunohistochemical properties. It was assumed that at least two different types of supportive cells are contained in the enteric nerve plexus. We suggest that in the enteric nervous system the terms “glial cells” and “Schwann cells” should be employed to designate the supportive cells containing GFA and S-100 proteins, and cells containing S-100 protein, respectively. We discuss the possibility that glial cells are associated with the parasympathetic preganglionic fibres directly derived from the central nervous system, while Schwann cells originate from the neural crest.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213999
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    Ultrastructure of the meninges at the site of penetration of veins through the dura mater, with particular reference to Pacchionian granulations (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 621-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Perivascular space ; Cerebrospinal fluid compartments ; Dura mater ; Pacchionian granulations ; Rat ; Cebus apella, Callitrix jacchus (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary At the sites where a vein penetrates through the dura mater, two aspects deserve particular attention: (i) The delineation of the perivascular cleft, a space belonging to the interstitial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment, toward the interior hemal milieu of the dura mater. (ii) The relationship between the perivascular arachnoid layer and the subdural neurothelium at the point of vascular penetration. These problems were investigated in the rat and in two species of New-World monkeys (Cebus apella, Callitrix jacchus). Concerning the first aspect, tight appositions of meningeal cells to the vessel wall, the basal lamina of which is widened and enriched with microfibrils, prevent communication between the interstitial CSF in the perivascular cleft and the hemal milieu in the dura mater. With reference to the second aspect, the perivascular arachnoid cells are transformed into neurothelial cells at the point where they become exposed to the hemal milieu of the dura mater and subsequently continuous with the subdural neurothelium. Leptomeningeal protrusions encompassing outer CSF space can penetrate into the dura mater. These protrusions may expand and branch repeatedly, forming along the wall of the durai sinus Pacchionian granulations. At these sites, however, the structural integrity of the sinus wall and the Pacchionian granulation is not lost. Numerous vesiculations not only in the sinus and vascular walls, but also in the cellular arrays of the Pacchionian granulations or paravascular leptomeningeal protrusions indicate mechanisms of transcellular fluid transport. Moreover, the texture of the leptomeningeal protrusions favors an additional function of these structures as a “volume” buffer.
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of calcium-binding proteins in enteric neurons (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium-binding protein ; Enteric nervous system ; Intestine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Guinea-pig ; Rat ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been localized in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres in the gastrointestinal tracts of guinea-pig, rat and man. CaBP immunoreactivity was found in a high proportion of nerve cell bodies of the myenteric plexus, particularly in the small intestine. It was also found in submucous neurons of the small and large intestines. Immunoreactive nerve fibres were numerous in the myenteric ganglia, and were also common in the submucous ganglia and in the intestinal mucosa. Immunoreactive fibres were rare in the circular and longitudinal muscle coats. In the myenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig small intestine the immunoreactivity is restricted to one class of nerve cell bodies, type-II neurons of Dogiel, which display calcium action potentials in their cell bodies. These neurons were also immunoreactive with antibodies to spot 35 protein, a calcium-binding protein from the cerebellum. From the distribution of their terminals and the electrophysiological properties of these neurons it is suggested they might be sensory neurons, or perhaps interneurons. The discovery of CaBP in restricted sub-groups of enteric neurons may provide an important key for the analysis of their functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213828
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    Nerve growth factor-inducible, large external (NILE) glycoprotein in developing rat cerebral cells in culture (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 181-190 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Embryonic rat brain ; Cell culture ; Development ; NILE-glycoprotein ; Neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal rat cerebral cells underwent neuronal differentiation in culture. This process was accompanied by distinct changes in the cellular glycoprotein pattern. The incorporation of [3H]-fucose into two proteins of apparent molecular weights of 30000 and 60000 daltons was significantly decreased and specific developmental changes were observed in a group of glycoproteins with high molecular weights (150000–250000 dalton). By means of indirect immunoprecipitation one of them was identified as NILE gp (nerve growth factor-inducible large external) glycoprotein (200000 dalton), a marker of central and peripheral neurons. Its developmental expression on neurons of dissociated rat cerebral cultures was studied using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and compared to the fluorescent-labeling pattern of other neuronal markers. Neurons expressing NILE gp were detected as early as after one day in culture. No preferential staining of neuntes versus cell bodies was observed. Two classes of NILE gp-positive cells were identified. One group consisted of a rounded cell-type, whereas the other group was represented by larger, more spindle-shaped neurons with a limited number of neuritic processes. In most cases one of these neuritic processes was preferentially labeled. Astroglia cells, as identified by immunolabeling with antisera against the glial acidic fibrillary protein, were observed to develop and mature after the first week in culture. NILE-positive neurons were found to be positioned in close association with glial cell processes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213840
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of l-glutamate decarboxylase and GABA in rat pancreatic zymogen granules (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Glutamate decarboxylase ; GABA transaminase ; Exocrine pancreas ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its regulating enzymes, l-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma aminobutyrate-α-ketoglutarate transaminase, was determined utilizing an immunogold post-embedding protocol in pancreatic exocrine tissue. Within the acinar cell, GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme, GAD, were localized in zymogen granules. Quantitative analysis of the GABA immunoreactivity in the acinar cell revealed 1.7±0.5 gold particles/μm2 over the cytoplasm, 36.6±14.1 gold particles/ μm2 over the zymogen granules, and 2.9±2.1 gold particles /μm2 over the mitochondria. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of colloidal gold particles, representing glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the acinar cells, revealed 38.4±2.5 gold particles/μm2 over the zymogen granules, 4.7±1.1 gold particles/μm2 over the mitochondria and 6.3±0.5 gold particles/μm2 over the remainder of the cytoplasm. Substitution of normal sheep serum for the sheep anti-glutamate decarboxylase serum revealed a significant (p〈 0.001) decrease of the colloidal gold particle distribution over the zymogen granules and cytoplasmic compartments of the acini. Gamma aminobutyrate -α-ketoglutarate transaminase, the catabolic enzyme for GABA, was not detected in the mitochondria, zymogen granules, and cytoplasm of the acinar cell, suggesting that GABA is not catabolized within the acinar cell. Preabsorption and substitution controls resulted in an absence of labeling. These results suggest that GABA may act extracellularly and/or have a role within the zymogen granule in the exocrine pancreas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213841
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    TRH-like immunoreactivity in endocrine cells and neurons in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat and guinea pig (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 347-356 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas, endocrine ; Stomach ; Intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ; Somatostatin ; Avian pancreatic polypeptide ; Insulin ; Gastrin ; Rat ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique, the cellular localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in the gastrointestinal tract of rats and guinea pigs of different ages. TRH-like immunoreactivity (LI) was observed in many pancreatic islet cells of young rats and guinea pigs but only in single cells of 6-month-old rats. In aged guinea pigs, a reduction in the number of TRH-positive cells was evident; however, numerous strongly fluorescent cells were still present. In the guinea pig, TRH-LI was in addition observed in gastrin cells in the stomach. TRH-positive nerve fibers occurred in the myenteric plexus of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of the rat, and in the muscle layers of the guinea pig. These results suggest a functional role of TRH both as hormone and neuroactive compound in various portions and sites of the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat and guinea pig
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222291
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    Ventricular and atrial myocytes of newborn rats synthesise and secrete atrial natriuretic peptide in culture: Light-and electron-microscopical localisation and chromatographic examination of stored and secreted molecular forms (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 161-169 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Ventricular myocytes ; Atrial myocytes ; Cell culture ; Secretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity is stored and secreted by ventricular and atrial myocytes in dissociated cell culture preparations from the heart of newborn rat. Culture preparations were maintained in either foetal calf serum-supplemented medium 199 or in hormone-supplemented, serum-free medium 199. The presence of atrial natriuretic peptidelike immunoreactivity in the cultured myocytes was demonstrated at both light-and electron-microscopical levels. Release of atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity into the culture medium was measured by radioimmunoassay; molecular forms of the stored and secreted peptide were determined by gel column chromatography. The atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity of cultured atrial and ventricular myocytes was concentrated in the perinuclear cytoplasm and was localised to electron-dense secretory granules. The number of immunoreactive ventricular myocytes and the intensity of their immunofluorescence changed with time in culture and was higher in cultures in foetal calf serum-supplemented medium than in serum-free medium. Gamma-atrial natriuretic peptide was stored and released by cultured atrial and ventricular myocytes, but was broken down to alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide in the growth medium. This process was foetal calf serum-independent, since it occurred in both the media used, indicating that cardiac myocytes in culture may release a factor that cleaves gamma-atrial natriuretic peptide to form alphaatrial natriuretic peptide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215461
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    Structural changes produced in Kupffer cells in the rat liver by injection of lipopolysaccharide (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 205-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kupffer cells ; Granulocytes ; Ultrastructure ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Liver ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of Kupffer cells has been studied at various times after an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortus equii. The most prominent effects were: an increase in the number and dimensions of phagocytic vacuoles (often containing ingested LPS and neutrophilic granulocytes); mitochondrial damage, including disintegration of the matrix and cristae; an increase in the amount of dilated, lucent rough endoplasmic reticulum; presence of fat droplets in the cytoplasm. Five days after injection of lipopolysaccharide, the Kupffer cells had resumed their normal ultrastructure. Several minutes after injection of lipopolysaccharide, platelets adhered to the Kupffer and endothelial cells. Between one and six hours, neutrophilic granulocytes accumulated in the liver sinusoids. The resulting obstruction of the hepatic microcirculation most probably affected cellular ultrastructure by ischaemia. At three days, the number of Kupffer cells was doubled, and increased further at later time intervals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215466
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    Immumochemical and immunocytochemial characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody recognizing a 140 kDa protein in cerebral pericytes of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 543-555 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Blood-brain barrier ; Cerebral pericytes ; Transporting epithelia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a 140 kDa peripheral plasma membrane protein in pericytes of nervous tissues of the rat is described. Microvessels of brain cortex and perineurium of peripheral nerves are shown to react positively to this antibody. The antigen is absent in brain regions that lack a blood-brain barrier, i.e., choroid plexuses and area postrema. Antigen expression starts as early as day 18 of embryonic development. By means of immuno-electron microscopy the 140 kDa antigen was detected as clusters along the entire circumference of cerebral pericytes. The same antigenic determinant is also expressed in apical domains of plasma membranes of a variety of transporting epithelia, such as hepatocytes, enterocytes of the small intestine, and epithelial cells of proximal tubules of the kidney. We postulate the 140 kDa protein as being a constituent of the pericytes involved in regulative functions of the blood-brain barrier.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216641
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    Morphometrical analysis of the gap-junctional area in parenchymal cells of the rat liver after administration of dibutyryl cAMP and aminophylline (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 611-618 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gap junctions ; cAMP ; Theophylline ; Freeze-fracture ; Liver ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In view of the presumed involvement of gap junctions in the coordination of metabolic activities, the influence of cAMP as a regulatory signal of cell metabolism on gap junctions of hepatocytes has been examined. Male rats received two intraperitoneal doses of 10 mg dibutyryl cAMP/100 g body weight with a time interval of 2.5 h and were decapitated 2.5 h later. After this 5-h interval, analysis of freeze-fracture replicas of fixed liver tissue revealed an increase in the mean (± SEM) gap-junctional membrane portion on the lateral hepatocyte membranes from 0.049 + 0.003 (n = 66) in controls to 0.061 ± 0.003 (n = 70) in treated rats, while the configuration of the connexons appeared unaltered. This effect could not be reinforced by prior administration of aminophylline: the relative gapjunctional area is similarly extended from 0.054 ± 0.003 (n = 126) in the control group to 0.065 ± 0.004 (n = 105) in the experimental animals. Probing for the time course of the junctional response, a group of rats was sacrificed 3 h after the onset of treatment. Already within this time, the gapjunctional area is augmented from 0.042 ± 0.004 (n = 63) in the concurrent controls to 0.069 ± 0.006 (n = 42) in the treated rats. These statistically significant increases in area may suggest a stimulating effect of cAMP on gap junctions of hepatocytes in vivo.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216648
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    Study on the origin of apical tubules in ileal absorptive cells of suckling rats using concanavalin-A as a membrane-bound tracer (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 511-521 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocytosis ; Absorptive cells ; Ileum ; Intestine, small ; Apical tubules ; Membrane recycling ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ileal absorptive cells of suckling rats exhibit high levels of endocytic activity being engaged in nonselective uptake of macromolecules from the intestinal lumen. The apical cytoplasm usually contains an extensive network of small, membrane-limited tubules (apical tubules: AT), in addition to newly formed endocytic vesicles and large endocytic vacuoles. To determine whether the AT are directly involved in the endocytic process by carrying the tracer into the cell, we have analysed movements of the apical cell membrane of the ileal absorptive cells by using a membrane-bound tracer (horseradish peroxidase-labelled cancanavalin-A: Con-A HRP). The ileal absorptive cells were exposed in vitro to Con-A HRP for 10 min at 4° C, incubated for different times in Con-A free medium at 37° C, and prepared for electron microscopy. After 1 min incubation at 37° C, invaginations of the apical cell membrane, including coated pits, and endocytic vesicles were labelled with HRP-reaction product, whereas the AT and large endocytic vacuoles were negative. After 2.5 min, almost all the large endocytic vacuoles were labelled with reaction product, which was seen in their vacuolar lumen and along the luminal surface of their limiting membrane. A few AT with reaction product were seen in the apical cytoplasm; they were in frequent connection with the reaction-positive large endocytic vacuoles. With increasing incubation time, the number of the labelled AT increased. Thus, after 15 min at 37° C, the apical cytoplasm was fully occupied by the reaction-positive AT. The ends of these AT were often continuous with small spherical coated vesicles. No reaction product was detected in the Golgi complex at any time after incubation. These observations indicate that the AT located in the apical cytoplasm probably originate by budding off from the large endocytic vacuoles, rather than being involved in the process of endocytosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213998
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    Interendothelial junctions of cardiac capillaries in rats: their structure and permeability properties (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 57-66 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Endothelium ; Tracer studies ; Junctional structures ; Permeability ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The isolated perfused heart model was used to examine the structure of rat cardiac capillaries and their permeability to macromolecules of various sizes. Haemoglobin (diameter 6.4 nm) and catalase (10.4 nm) did not cross the endothelium but remained on the luminal side. Cytochrome C (3 nm) and horseradish peroxidase (6 nm) both crossed the endothelium to the subendothelial space and filled the caveolae on the abluminal side as well as the entire length of the lateral intercellular spaces. The membranes of the endothelial cells are separated by an intercellular gap of mean width 18.2 nm. At one or more zonular regions within each lateral intercellular space the two membranes approach each other more closely and frequently appear to fuse. However, tilting the specimen shows that, in these regions, there is a gap of mean width 5.4 nm (in lanthanum- and tannic acid-treated tissue, 3.8 nm in ferrocyanide-treated tissue) between the membranes. We conclude that these narrow regions sieve macromolecules on the basis of size although other factors may determine their permeability properties.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213826
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    Orthogonal arrays of particles in non-pigmented cells of rat ciliary epithelium: Relation to distribution of filipin- and digitonin-induced alterations of the basolateral membrane (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 165-173 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliary epithelium ; Orthogonal arrays of particles ; Filipin ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been suggested that orthogonal arrays of particles may increase the rigidity of plasma membrane, as does cholesterol. Therefore, using freeze-fractured non- pigmented ciliary epithelium, the distribution of such arrays was compared to the distribution of membrane deformations induced by the sterol-probes filipin and digitonin in different domains of the basolateral plasma membrane. The distribution of orthogonal arrays of particles was homogeneous between different regions of the basolateral membrane of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, while the number of filipin-induced alterations was nearly 4 times higher in the membrane domains not in contact with the basal lamina than in domains in contact with it. Contrary to the homogeneous distribution of arrays, digitonin-induced deformations also differed markedly in these two basolateral membrane domains. Considering that a marked positive response to sterol probes implies a high sterol content, we conclude that orthogonal arrays of particles can occur in plasma membrane regions well-provided with cholesterol and not in direct contact with the basal lamina. Other possible roles of these arrays are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213838
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    Morphological studies on endocytosis of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan by rat liver endothelial cells (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 39-45 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Receptor-mediated endocytosis ; Chondroitin sulphate ; Colloidal gold ; Liver endothelial cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endocytosis via the hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulphate receptor of rat liver endothelial cells was studied ultrastructurally, by use of a probe consisting of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan attached to 15-nm gold particles. The probe bound to the surface of the cells exclusively in coated regions of the plasma membrane. Internalization at 37° C took place in less than one minute during which time interval the bound probe was transferred to coated vesicles. Further transfer to lysosomes was delayed in association with an accumulation of probes in a prelysosomal compartment consisting of large vacuoles in which probes lined the inner aspect of the membrane. Transport to lysosomes occurred only after a lag phase of at least 40–60 min at 37° C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221737
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    Protein and collagen content of rat skeletal muscle following space flight (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 251-253 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Space flight ; Skeletal muscle ; Collagen ; Protein ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biochemical determinations of non-collagenous protein and hydroxyproline were made on rat skeletal muscles following 7 days of space flight aboard the NASA space shuttle mission SL-3. Relative to ground-based controls, the wet weight of each experimental muscle was significantly reduced. This was concomitant with a reduction in noncollagenous protein in the muscles. Protein concentration, however, was reduced only in slow-twitch muscles. The effect of space flight on the concentration and hydroxyproline content was different among the muscles. As a result, the loss of muscle mass in some muscles was the consequence of a reduction in both collagenous and non-collagenous proteins, while in others it was primarily the result of a non-collagenous protein loss.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220042
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    Pinealocytes immunoreactive with antisera against secretory glycoproteins of the subcommissural organ: A comparative study (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 469-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex ; Pinealocytes, receptor line ; Subcommissural organ ; Immunocytochemistry ; Protein secretion ; Neuroendocrine system Geotria australis (Cyclostomata) ; Onkorhynchus kisutch (Teleostei) ; Eupsophus roseus (Anura) ; Heloderma suspectum, Varanus monitor (Lacertilia) ; Domestic fowl ; Rat ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of light-microscopic immunocyto-chemistry two polyclonal antibodies (AFRU, ASO; see p. 470) directed against secretory glycoproteins of the subcom-missural organ were shown to cross-react with cells in the pineal organ of lamprey larvae, coho salmon, a toad, two species of lizards, domestic fowl, albino rat and bovine (taxonomic details, see below). The AFRU-immunoreactive cells were identified as pinealocytes of the receptor line (pineal photoreceptors, modified photoreceptors or classical pinealocytes, respectively) either due to their characteristic structural features or by combining AFRU-immunoreaction with S-antigen and opsin immunocytochemistry in the same or adjacent sections. Depending on the species, AFRU- or ASO-immunoreactions were found in the entire perikaryon, inner segments, perinuclear area, and in basal processes facing capillaries or the basal lamina. In most cases, only certain populations of pinealocytes were immunolabeled; these cells were arranged in a peculiar topographical pattern. In lamprey larvae, immunoreactive pinealocytes were observed only in the pineal organ, but not in the parapineal organ. In coho salmon, the immunoreaction occurred in S-antigen-positive pinealocytes of the pineal end-vesicle, but was absent from S-antigen-immunoreactive pinealocytes of the stalk region. In the rat, AFRU-immunoreaction was restricted to S-antigen-immunoreactive pinealocytes found in the deep portion of the pineal organ and the habenular region. These findings support the concept that several types of pinealocytes exist, which differ in their molecular, biochemical and functional features. They also indicate the possibility that the AFRU- and ASO-immunoreactive material found in certain pinealocytes might represent a proteinaceous or peptidic compound, which is synthesized and released from a specialized type of pinealocyte in a hormone-like fashion. This cell type may share functional characteristics with peptidergic neurons or paraneurons.
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    Selective decrease of immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase in nigrostriatum of adult male rats after N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 251-258 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: MPTP ; Rat ; Nigrostriatum ; Parkinsonism ; Immunocytochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Animal model ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several laboratories have reported that N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine causes damage to the nigral dopamine neurons of man, monkey, and mouse. Controversial data suggest that a rat model of Parkinsonism may be possible. Although loss of dopamine cells has not been detected in the rat brain, our immunocytochemical studies show that immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme which synthesizes dopamine, is significantly reduced in concentration, or its antigenicity altered, in substantia nigra/pars compacta as well as the caudate nucleus. Optical density measurements demonstrate the reduction or alteration of immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase in nigro-striatal neurons, indicating that axonal terminals, as well as parent perikarya, may be sensitive to the drug. After treatment, abnormal morphological remodelling may result in the affected neuronal processes, perhaps indicating sublethal toxicity, followed by slow recovery. Despite the lack of nigral cell death, it is proposed that the present data support the use of the rat as a model to investigate the early effects of Parkinsonism induced by this agent, and the biological mechanisms of cellular recovery.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221761
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    Transient involvement of enkephalins in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the submandibular gland of rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 529-537 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enkephalin-nerves ; Transient appearance ; Submandibular gland ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A time course study with enkephalin(Enk)-like immunoreactivity has revealed that nerve fibers intensely immunoreactive for Enk-8 appeared transiently only during the postnatal week 2 and 4 within the acini as well as in the inter- and intralobular connective tissues of the submandibular gland of rats. At these stages numerous nerve fibers immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) appeared also in the inter- and intralobular connective tissues and within the acini. Coincidently with these postnatal stages, abundant Enk-immunoreactive principal ganglion cells appeared in the superior cervical ganglion. These were not immunoreactive for neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY). A substantial number of Enk-immunoreactive ganglion cells were also present in the submandibular ganglia at these younger postnatal stages. Superior cervical ganglionectomy at these stages resulted in a marked decrease in number of the inter- and intralobular Enk-immunoreactive nerve fibers, a slight decrease in number of the intraacinar Enk-immunoreactive nerve fibers, and almost complete disappearance of intraglandular TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Immuno-electron-microscopic analysis revealed that Enk-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the submandibular gland were identified as electron-dense neuronal profiles enclosed by Schwann cells in the inter- and intralobular connective tissues and those directly apposed to secretory cells within the acini. They contained small clear vesicles mixed with some large granular vesicles. After postnatal week 6, no Enk-immunoreactive nerve fibers were detected in the submandibular gland, and no TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen within the acini, while TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers remained numerous in the inter- and intralobular connective tissues. These findings indicate that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers exhibit Enk-like immunoreactivity transiently during postnatal weeks 2 and 4. It is further indicated that the inter- and intralobular nerve fibers lose Enk-like immunoreactivity while the intraacinar fibers disappear at the adult stage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219743
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    44-kDal bone phosphoprotein (osteopontin) antigenicity at ectopic sites in newborn rats: kidney and nervous tissues (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 23-30 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone phosphoprotein ; Osteopontin ; Kidney ; Inner ear ; Trigeminal nerve ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous immunohistochemical data have shown that the 44-kDal bone phosphoprotein (44K BPP, also called sialoprotein I or oestopontin) recently isolated in our laboratory was synthesized by osteoblasts and osteocytes and was expressed early during differentiation of boneforming cells. We report here the presence of 44K BPP antigenicity at certain ectopic sites, namely, the proximal-convoluted tubule of the kidney, neurons, sensory and secretory cells in the internal ear. To insure specificity and reproducibility, different immunohistochemical methods were used and affinity-purified antibodies against two separate preparations of pure 44K BPP were tested. In the cells of the proximal-convoluted tubule, 44K BPP immunoreactivity was observed within apical endocytotic vacuoles and within lysosomes. This staining thus correlates with the degradation of the 44K BPP epitope which we previously demonstrated to occur in serum. On the other hand, in the neurons of the acoustic ganglion and the sensory cells of the macula, 44K BPP immunoreactivity was associated with the Golgi apparatus indicating synthesis and secretion by these cells. The finding that the 44K BPP (or a structurally related molecule) is synthesized by neurons and neuroepithelial cells deserves further investigation with respect to a possible embryologie relationship between neuroectodermal cells and the precursors of some bone forming-cells of the skull.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215443
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  • 95
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    Innervation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp in the rat incisor: An immunohistochemical investigation of neurofilament protein and glia-specific S-100 protein (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Periodontal ligament ; Incisor ; Neurofilament protein ; S-100 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nervous elements in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of rat incisors were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The periodontal ligament in the incisors was densely innervated by NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers; the distribution of the nerve fibers and their terminations differed markedly from those in molars. NFP-positive, thick nerve bundles entered the lingual periodontal ligament through slits located in the mid-region of the alveolar socket, and immediately formed numerous Ruffini-like corpuscles. In the labial periodontal ligament, all of the NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers terminated in free endings. The restricted location of the stretch receptor, Ruffini-like corpuscle, in the lingual periodontal ligament appears to be an essential element, because this region is regularly extended during mastication. The nervous elements were restricted to the alveolar half of the periodontal ligament in every region; they avoided the dental half of the periodontal ligament, which presumably moves continuously with the tooth. Pulpal nerve fibers in incisors also showed a characteristic distribution different from those in molars; individual nerve fibers with beaded structures ran in the center of the pulp toward the incisai edge, and did not form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow. Immunostaining for S-100 protein revealed a distribution pattern of nervous elements similar to that for NFP, suggesting that the nerves supplying the periodontal ligament and dental pulp were mostly covered by a Schwann sheath.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215442
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  • 96
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    Abundant GABAergic innervation of rat posterior pituitary revealed by inhibition of GABA-transaminase (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Posterior pituitary ; Immunocytochemistry ; Anti-GABA ; GABA-transaminase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antibody against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was used to identify GABAergic elements immunocytochemically in the rat posterior pituitary. In order to increase the intracellular concentration of GABA, rats were treated with the GABA-transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG). Light-microscopic observations of Vibratome and semithin sections revealed the presence of numerous immunoreactive nerve fibers throughout the neural lobe; the mean number and length of these fibers increased by 90% after GVG treatment. Electron microscopy demonstrated the immunostained axons to be of small diameter. The reaction product was confined to small vesicles. No immunostaining occurred in pituicytes. The richness of the GABAergic innervation of the neural lobe contrasts with previous reports using antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase and supports the idea that GABA participates in the presynaptic control of neurosecretion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215447
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  • 97
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    Cytoskeletons of retinal pigment epithelial cells: Interspecies differences of expression patterns indicate independence of cell function from the specific complement of cytoskeletal proteins (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 301-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retinal pigment epithelium ; Cytoskeleton ; Cytokeratins ; Vimentin ; Desmosomes ; Anura (Rana ridibunda, Xenopus laevis) ; Chicken ; Bovine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vertebrate tissue development a given cell differentiation pathway is usually associated with a pattern of expression of a specific set of cytoskeletal proteins, including different intermediate filament (IF) and junctional proteins, which is identical in diverse species. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a layer of polar cells that have very similar morphological features and practically identical functions in different vertebrate species. However, in biochemical and immunolocalization studies of the cytoskeletal proteins of these cells we have noted remarkable interspecies differences. While chicken RPE cells contain only IFs of the vimentin type and do not possess desmosomes and desmosomal proteins RPE cells of diverse amphibian (Rana ridibunda, Xenopus laevis) and mammalian (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cow, human) species express cytokeratins 8 and 18 either as their sole IF proteins, or together with vimentin IFs as in guinea pig and a certain subpopulation of bovine RPE cells. Plakoglobin, a plaque protein common to desmosomes and the zonula adhaerens exists in RPE cells of all species, whereas desmoplakin and desmoglein have been identified only in RPE desmosomes of frogs and cows, including bovine RPE cell cultures in which cytokeratins have disappeared and vimentin IFs are the only IFs present. These challenging findings show that neither cytokeratin IFs nor desmosomes are necessary for the establishment and function of a polar epithelial cell layer and that the same basic cellular architecture can be achieved by different programs of expression of cytoskeletal proteins. The differences in the composition of the RPE cytoskeleton further indicate that, at least in this tissue, a specific program of expression of IF and desmosomal proteins is not related to the functions of the RPE cell, which are very similar in the various species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225803
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  • 98
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    Qualitative and quantitative variability in different classes of proteins: Comparison of mouse and rat (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1987), S. 260-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mouse ; Rat ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Quantitative variability of proteins ; Qualitative variability of proteins ; Protein classes ; Membrane proteins ; Organ-specific proteins ; Regulatory genes ; Speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Proteins of membranes and cytosols were extracted from the livers and brains of mice (inbred strain DBA/6J) and rats (inbred strain DA/Han) and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE patterns were compared with regard to qualitative (spot position) and quantitative (spot intensity) characteristics of the proteins of these two species. The following results were obtained: (1) Brain had more (higher percentage) conservative proteins (proteins found in both mice and rats) than liver; (2) plasma membranes had more conservative proteins than the cytosols; (3) organ-unspecific proteins contained more conservative proteins than relatively organ-specific proteins; (4) the pattern of distribution of genetic variability among different classes of proteins represented by findings 1–3 was the same for the qualitative and quantative characteristics of the proteins; and (5) some observations indicated that quantitative variability occurred more frequently among proteins than did qualitative variability. Our conclusion is that regulatory sequences in the DNA (regulatory genes) are subjected to functional constraints that differ in strength among different classes of proteins by the same ratios as the constraints acting on the structural genes. The overall effect of the selective pressure is, however, less stringent for regulatory genes than for structural genes. The results obtained here by comparing two different species are very similar to previous results we obtained by studying different subspecies (inbred strains of the mouse). From this finding arises a new concept: the study of molecular evolution on the basis of different classes of proteins. Our results were compared with data from the literature that were obtained in part from studies on cultured cells. The comparison suggested that cultured cells have lost their tissue-specific proteins, and so generate predominantly extremely conservative proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111239
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  • 99
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    Development of high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats is delayed by treatment with cyclosporin at an early age (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: SHR ; cyclosporin ; immune mechanisms ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spontaneously hypertensive rats the effect of the T-cell inhibitor cyclosporin was studied at different ages. If treatment was started at the age of 2 weeks the development of hypertension was delayed, but the ultimate level of blood pressure was not affected. These results indicate the involvement of immune mechanisms in the early development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940428
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  • 100
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    A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in normal young and elderly subjects and elderly hypertensive patients (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; amiloride ; hydrochlorothiazide ; young ; elderly ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; volunteers ; patients ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six normal young and six normal elderly volunteers and six elderly hypertensive patients took part in an acute and chronic dose study of a combination capsule containing atenolol (50 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) and amiloride (2.5 mg) designed for the treatment of hypertension. No difference in any of the drug pharmacokinetic parameters could be detected between the hypertensives and the normal elderly subjects. The bio-availability and the 24-h blood concentrations of all three drugs, half-life of atenolol and amiloride and the peak concentration of hydrochlorothiazide was significantly greater in the elderly. The 24-h blood concentrations of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide did not alter with chronic dosing, but amiloride concentrations were significantly higher at this time in all groups. A significant fall in the blood pressure was observed in the hypertensive group. Heart rate fell more in the normal and hypertensive elderly subjects than in the young. The combination has shown to be an effective and well tolerated antihypertensive in the elderly patient with a 24-h duration of action.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609957
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