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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of FIR filters with reduced computations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a symmetric nonrecursive filter can be improved by multiple use of the same filter. The method is based on an Amplitude Change Function (ACF). An approach to the design of nonrecursive filters using an ACF is discussed in this paper. The prototype filter chosen is a Recursive Running Sum (RRS) filter which does not require any multipliers for its implementation. The required filter specifications are met by multiple use of the RRS filters. The overall filter requires a much smaller number of multiplications and adders than the one designed using the conventional method. It is shown that this method provides reduced noise due to coefficient quantization and product quantization compared with the conventional design technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598743
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical analysis of two nonlinear least-squares estimators of sine-wave parameters in the colored-noise case (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper establishes the large-sample accuracy properties of two nonlinear least-squares estimators (NLSE) of sine-wave parameters: the basic NLSE, which ignores the possible correlation of the noise, and the optimal NLSE, which, besides the sine-wave parameters, also estimates the noise correlation (appropriately parametrized). It is shown that these two NLS estimators have thesame accuracy in large samples. This result provides complete justification for preferring the computationally less expensive basic NLSE over the “optimal” NLSE. Both estimators are shown to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) as the sample size increases. A simple explicit expression for the CRB matrix is provided, which should be useful in studying the performance of sine-wave parameter estimators designed to work in the colored-noise case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598742
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of two-dimensional losslessm-Ports with prescribed scattering matrix (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 97-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Multidimensional lossless networks are of special interest for use as reference structures for multidimensional wave digital filters [l]–[3]. The starting point of the presented synthesis procedure for two-dimensional representatives of the networks mentioned is a scattering matrix description of the desired multiport. This given matrix is assumed to have those properties which have turned out to be necessary [9], [10] for any scattering matrix of a multidimensional lossless network. The method presented for the synthesis of 2-D reactancem-ports is based mainly on known properties of block-companion matrices and the factorization of a univariable rational matrix which is discrete para-Hermitian and nonnegative definite on the unit circle. The resulting network always contains only a minimal number of frequency-dependent building elements. No restrictions are made concerning the coefficients of the rational entries of the scattering matrix; they may be either real or complex, so as to include even complex networks which are of special interest for multi-dimensional wave digital filters [3].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systems which possessg- andh- Representations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 145-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Examples are given concerning the range of applicability of recent representation results that provide a means of studying the input-output properties of nonlinear systems in terms of the familiar impulse-response concept, and which extend the concept of integral transformation to nonlinear maps. We show that such representations, which we call “g-” and “h-representations,” exist for important classes of systems governed by nonlinear integral equations. In particular, it is proved that a large class of maps that have Volterra series representations also have these representations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599935
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pseudorandom sequence of arrays (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pseudorandom (or maximal length) sequences and arrays have been known for a long time, and have been reported by several authors. Pseudorandom volumes have also been mentioned. This paper presents a different type of sequence of arrays in which the arrays share many properties with the pseudorandom arrays of the literature, and the sequence (or group) of arrays has many properties in common with the pseudorandom sequences. It is proposed that this set of arrays be called a “pseudorandom sequence of arrays,” or PRSAs. Some interesting properties of the PRSA as well as its practical (hardware) implementation have been mentioned. It has also been shown that our result is a special case of the generalN(3)/D(3) case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A recursive parameter estimator yielding exponential convergence under sufficient excitation (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 207-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract For linear time-invariant discrete-time systems, an exponentially convergent recursive parameter identification scheme is derived requiring only that the regression vector be sufficiently exciting, that is the sum of the outer products of the regression vector is eventually positive definite. The algorithm produces a parameter estimate that converges to the batch-form (nonrecursive) least-squares estimate without requiring a persistent excitation. The rate of convergence can be selected as a design parameter. If the regression vector is persistently exciting, it is shown that a forgetting factor can be added to the formulation in such a way that the magnitude of the forgetting factor and the rate of exponential convergence can be set separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599938
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image modeling and restoration: A new approach (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 229-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599939
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some circuits and systems applications of semistate theory (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 235-260 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The semistate theory of circuits and systems is reviewed with regard to its applications. Among these latter discussed are electronic circuit design and analysis, hysteresis, knot generation, neural networks, and constrained robot characterizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598413
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Hautus-type conditions for controllability of implicit linear discrete-time systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 289-298 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Four notions of controllability for general (i.e., possibly nonregular) implicit linear discrete-time systems are considered. Relationships between them are studied. A Hautus-type characterization of all of these notions is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598416
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for finite-time control in singular systems in open- and closed-loop configurations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 299-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new concept of system equivalence which allows the establishment of a formal relation between singular and regular systems has been introduced. By applying this concept, an open-loop strategy for finite-time control of a given solvable singular system, which is simple for both computation and implementation, is developed. A strategy for finite-time output feedback control is considered for a continuous singular system. It is shown that provided the system is observable, a desired polynomial command for finite-time control can be determined from a finite sequence of output measurements sampled at discrete instants of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598417
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reachability, observability, and minimality for shift-invariant two-point boundary-value descriptor systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 313-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the system-theoretic properties of two related classes of shift-invariant two-point boundary-value descriptor systems (TPBVDSs), namelydisplacement systems for which Green's function is shift-invariant, andstationary systems for which the input-output map is stationary. For such systems it is possible to obtain detailed characterizations of the properties of weak reachability and observability introduced in [16] and of minimality as well. An important difference, that has also been noted before in a different context [9], is that there is a certain level of nonuniqueness in minimal realizations. Another property that is studied in this paper is that of extendibility, i.e., the concept of considering a TPBVDS as being defined on a sequence of intervals of increasing length. Necessary and sufficient conditions for extendibility are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598418
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for papers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598422
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal scaling in cascade digital filters (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 421-426 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Scaling of filter variables is central to fixed-point implementation of digital filters. A simple method of scaling based on scaling constants of individual sections of a cascade digital filter is presented. The proposed method saves much computational labor in the implementation of higher-order digital filters. Maximal amplitude expressions of second-order filter transfer functions are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599763
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero-input limit cycles and stability in second-order fixed-point digital filters with two magnitude truncation quantizers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 427-433 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of second-order direct-form digital filters with two magnitude truncation quantizers. Zero-input stability is proved for the parameter regions where no conclusion can be drawn using the methods previously suggested in the literature. The areas of the parameter plane in which only limit cycles of period 1 or 2 exist, are determined and related to the cycle amplitudes. Finally, a transition graph is suggested to study the convergence patterns of the filter output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599764
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a digital PLL Markov model (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 467-486 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The work of digital PLL is analysed. For this analysis a Markov model is used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599768
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-multiplier adaptive lattice algorithm for recursive filters (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 455-466 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The formulation of one-multiplier lattice structures of the Gray-Markel type forinfinite impulse response filters is reviewed. Several special cases of this formulation — including the well-known Gray-Markel normalized lattice—are presented as scaled polynomial versions of the two-multiplier lattice. A new adaptive algorithm is presented for updating the parameters of one-multiplier lattice structured recursive filters. The LMS-based algorithm requires fewer computations than earlier reported algorithms [1]–[4].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599767
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computation of minimal-order realizations of generalized state-space systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 49-70 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of obtaining minimal-order representations of generalized state-space systems described by equations of the formE x(t)=A x(t)+B u(t),y(t)=C x(t)+D u(t) withE singular and det(sE−A)≠0. The underlying principle is that of removal of impulsive and exponential uncontrollable and unobservable modes. When this is followed by the removal of the remaining impulsive modes, we get a minimal-order generalized or standard state-space representation. Simple reduction procedures and numerical algorithms based on these principles are developed and illustrated by means of two numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598745
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation for boundary-value descriptor systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 25-48 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider models for noncausal processes consisting of discrete-time descriptor dynamics and boundary conditions on the values of the process at the two ends of the interval on which the process is defined. We discuss the general solution and well-posedness of systems of this type and then apply the method of complementary processes to obtain a specification of the optimal smoother in terms of a boundary-value descriptor Hamiltonian system. We then study the implementation of the optimal smoother. Motivated by the Hamiltonian diagonalization results for nondescriptor systems, we show how the descriptor Hamiltonian dynamics can be transformed to two lower-order systems by the use of transformation matrices involving the solution of two generalized Riccati equations. We present several examples illustrating our results and the nature of the smoothing solution and also present equations for covariance analysis of boundary-value descriptor processes including the smoothing error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598744
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Call for papers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598748
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    On the reducibility of centrosymmetric matrices — Applications in engineering problems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 71-96 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The structure inherent to the centrosymmetric matrices is exploited to obtain factorization results leading to significant computational savings in many engineering applications. Several interesting properties of the matrices are discussed with a view toward algorithm computational complexity. It is shown that the multiplicative complexity involved in the process of principal component (eigen-value/eigenvector) extraction, and in the evaluation of the determinant and inverse of such matrices, can be reduced by nearly 75% by employing the results presented here. The theory presented hereunifies andgeneralizes previous computationally efficient results onseveral specialized generalized centrosymmetric matrices; for example, the class of symmetric centrosymmetric (or doubly symmetric) matrices is shown to be a special case of the class of centrosymmetric matrices, and since the results obtained here are applicable over the field of complex numbers, the factorization results available for centrosymmetric matrices are readilyextended to the complex field. The centrosymmetric matrices play an important role in a number of areas such as pattern recognition, antenna theory, mechanical and electrical systems, and quantum physics. Specific examples of pattern recognition feature selection, a uniform linear antenna array, vibration in structures, and the quantummechanical oscillator are discussed to demonstrate that the theory developed here has a wide range of applications. In addition, certain specialized cases of the centrosymmetric matrices have, in the past, proved their indisputable usefulness in the areas of communication theory, digital filters, linear systems, linear prediction, and speech analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598746
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Stability tests for singular cases of discrete systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 123-132 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The well-known Jury and Blanchard's stability test for discrete systems is with an array of (2n−3) rows of elements. Raible simplified Jury and Blanchard's array to (n+1) rows by introducing an additional element at the end of each row. Chen and Chan recently derived a Liapunov function through Schwarz' transform to prove the criterion directly and to produce a very compact form. The purpose of this paper is to explore the various singular cases by using the newly established Chen-Chan criterion. Some existing methods for studying singular cases are re-examined under the light shed by Chen and Chan. A by-product is to define and to determine the relative stability of discrete systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599933
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  • 22
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    Investigation of the mathematical properties of a new negative resistance oscillator model (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 187-205 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new negative resistance oscillator model was proposed by Walker and Connelly. We investigate the mathematical properties of the associated nonlinear differential equation for a single-mode LCR network oscillator. In particular, we prove that under suitable conditions, small-amplitude stable limit-cycle oscillations can occur. The method of harmonic balance is used to calculate an analytic approximation to the limit-cycle parameters. Also, the general properties of trajectories in phase-space are presented. These predictions are compared with the results obtained by numerical integration of the differential equation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599937
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  • 23
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    Block decomposition structures for the fast modular implementation of two-dimensional digital filters (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 163-185 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A general structure is presented for the block realization of two-dimensional infinite impulse response digital filters, which is based on the two-dimensional matrix convolution equations and the decomposition of their associated transfer function matrices. The proposed decomposition may be considered as an extension of the scalar decomposition technique, which has already been used for the realization of two-dimensional digital filters associated with two-variable polynomials. The decomposition structure is considered in two different forms, which correspond to the direct forms I and II. It is shown that if a given two-dimensional single-input, single-output filter is realizable, then realizable block decomposition structures may be always selected. The proposed approach is general and applies without any restriction for the block implementation of any two-dimensional filter. The resulting structures are characterized by high inherent parallelism, modularity, regularity, reconfigurability, local interconnections, and very high sampling and throughput rates. Thus they are well suited for VLSI implementation and implementation via multiprocessor systems and array processors, such as systolic and wavefront arrays.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599936
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  • 24
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    Call for papers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599940
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  • 25
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    Editorial (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 231-231 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598411
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  • 26
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    Editorial: A new vocabulary for system theory? (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 233-234 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598412
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  • 27
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    Distributional convergence of BDF approximations to solutions of descriptor systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 261-265 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been observed that the backward differentiation approximation to the solutions ofEx′+Fx =f can fail to converge even pointwise in an initial boundary layer. This paper shows that the approximations converge in a distributional sense even if the exact solution is also distributional.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598414
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  • 28
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    Stability analysis of singular systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 267-287 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with a refined qualitative analysis of motions of a broad class of continuous time-varying nonlinear singular differential systems. These systems consist of a finite number of first-order differential equations that cannot be set into the normal form. Some novel qualitative concepts, convenient for the description of solutions of singular systems, are introduced and analyzed. These concepts involve some inherent properties of singular systems. General sufficient conditions for these concepts are derived in terms of the existence of a suitable Lyapunov function. Also, for the subclass of singular systems considered, the construction of a Lyapunov function candidate that can be effectively applied in the analysis is proposed. The results obtained generalize some known results in stability theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598415
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  • 29
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    Fundamental matrix of discrete singular systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 341-355 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to make clear the fundamental importance of thefundamental matrix ϕ k in the analysis of linear discrete-time singular systems. We relateϕ k to the coefficientsR k of the adjoint matrix (zE-A)−1, find an autoregressive recursion for theϕ k , and give the solution of the singular semistate equation in terms ofϕ k . Also discussed are thesemistatetransition matrix and the singular systemTschirnhausen polynomials. We close by giving a stable numerical technique for the computation of the sequenceϕ k that is based on first taking the pencilzE-A to triangular form.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598419
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  • 30
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    Infinite elementary divisors of polynomial matrices and impulsive solutions of linear homogeneous matrix differential equations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 357-373 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impulsive solutions of linear homogeneous matrix differential equations are re-examined in the light of the theory of Jordan chains that correspond to infinite elementary divisors of the associated polynomial matrix. Infinite elementary divisors of general polynomial matrices are defined and their relation to the pole-zero structure of polynomial matrices at infinity is examined. It is shown that impulsive solutions are due to Jordan chains of a “dual” polynomial matrix that correspond to infinite elementary divisors that are associated with the orders of “zeros at infinity” of the original matrix.
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    Geometric theory and feedback invariants of generalized linear systems: A matrix pencil approach (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 375-397 
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    Notes: Abstract Generalized linear systems are classified according to their algebraic structure and their regularizability and normalizability properties under generalized state feedback are investigated. New feedback invariants are introduced in terms of the input-space restriction pencil and the Plücker matrix of the system. It is shown that the classification of subspaces of the state space of generalized linear systems is reduced to an equivalent problem of classifying the subspacesV of the domain of an ordered pair (F, G), F, Gεℝm×n. The set of strict equivalence invariants of the restriction pencil (F, G)/V provides a complete, basis-free algebraic characterization and leads to the definition of notions of geometric invariance. The key geometric notions that emerge are those of (F, G)-, (G, F)-, complete-(F, G)-, partitioned(F, G)-, cyclic-, and semicyclic-invariant subspaces. A complete set of geometric algorithms leading to the computation of the above families is also given. The above families of invariant subspaces are characterized in terms of the invariants of (F, G)/V, and this provides the links with their dynamic characterization. These results provide an “open-loop” or “feedback-free” unifying treatment of spaces of generalized systems, which for the case of proper systems is reduced to the standard geometric theory results.
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    Fast prime factor decomposition algorithms for a family of discrete trigonometric transforms (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 401-419 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper develops a set of fast prime factor decomposition algorithms (PFDAs) for a family of discrete trigonometric transforms of sizeN, whereN is a product of two relatively prime integers. Relevant equations for the PFDAs are derived. Computational procedures are presented followed by a specific example forN= 12. The input and output index mappings necessary for the algorithm are obtained and the computational complexity is briefly outlined.
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    The difference between regularity and irregularity in singular systems (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 435-444 
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    Notes: Abstract In the studies of singular systems regularity is often presumed although it may not be satisfied in some real cases. Therefore, natural questions are: What is the difference between regularity and irregularity? How far can we go from regularity to irregularity in the studies of singular systems? This paper partially answers these questions. The results show that the concepts of reachability, controllability, and observability for regular systems can be easily extended to irregular cases. There is minor difference between regular and irregular singular systems. Thus the assumption of regularity is reasonable.
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    Modified design of high-order 1-D all-pass recursive digital filters (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 445-453 
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    Notes: Abstract An optimization method is proposed for the design of high-order all-pass delay equalizers for a prescribed group-delay characteristic by using the cascade form realization of digital filters. Unlike other methods, in the proposed method stability is guaranteed by imposing certain mild constraints on the filter coefficients so that the unconstrained optimization technique of Fletcher and Powell is used. To reduce the function minimization time, design values of the parameters of the delay equalizers, obtained by Bernhardt's simplified method, are used as the initial vector in the optimization technique of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method for the design of optimal delay equalizers results in all classes of equalizers with real and complex poles and approximates the prescribed group delay more accurately.
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    Call for papers (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
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    Realizations of nonlinear systems (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 487-506 
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    Notes: Abstract Given the Volterra series representation of a single input, single output nonlinear system, we examine conditions on the Volterra kernels that determine if the system is in some sense equivalent to a linear system. The systems considered herein are known as “feedback linearizable” systems. Feedback linearizable systems are usually discussed in terms of their state-space representations. A key result relates the Volterra series description of a feedback linearizable system to its state-space description.
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    Structural design for polarization-insensitive travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S47 
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    Notes: Abstract Optimum structures of travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers (TWAs) are analysed theoretically from the viewpoints of low-polarization-sensitive signal gain, high-saturation output and low-noise characteristics. The signal gain differences between TE and TM modes, saturation output powers, noise figures and operating currents are investigated as functions of the active-layer thickness and device length. These characteristics are compared among the conventional double-heterostructure (DH), asymmetric separate-confinement-heterostructure (SCH) and symmetric SCH structures. The symmetric SCH is shown to be the optimum structure for a polarization-insensitive TWA maintaining high-saturation output power and low-noise characteristics at low injection current density. The conventional DH TWA with a thick, short active layer is preferable for achieving the most isotropic signal gain while maintaining a high-saturation output power and a small noise figure, even though it suffers from higher operating current density than the symmetric SCH TWA.
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    Three-dimensional flow visualization system by holographic interferometry (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 409-414 
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    Notes: Abstract A holographic system has been developed to visualize a three-dimensional fluid flow. The system consists principally of a thermoplastic film, a monochrome video camera, a microcomputer with image-processing capability and a printer. The system makes it possible to measure a slow flow. Two examples of such, the bimodal and mixed-mode convection flows within a Bénard cell, are presented.
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    Theory of two-section laser amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S15 
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    Notes: Abstract A new theory of two-section amplifiers has been developed in order to account explicitly for dispersive effects arising from the carrier dependence of the refractive index. It has been found that non-linear and bistable effects in two-section devices, which are conventionally attributed to saturable absorption, contain a stong component of dispersive non-linearity. The implication is that the advantages claimed for two-section amplifiers over single-section devices may not be as great as had hitherto been thought.
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    Performance of a dual-stage semiconductor laser amplifier for optical transmission repeater system (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S75 
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    Notes: Abstract The performance of a dual-stage semiconductor laser amplifier consisting of a preamplifier and a power amplifier is evaluated theoretically and experimentally. The dual-stage optical amplifier can offer high-gain amplification with low noise figure by using a low-noise amplifier as a preamplifier. Using the dual-stage amplifier, 2.4 Gbits−1 193 km optical fibre transmission was demonstrated. In addition, by applying an automatic power control system to the dual-stage amplifier, output power stabilization with wide dynamic range was obtained.
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    Fibre raman amplifier properties for applications to long-distance optical communications (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S89 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies on optical amplification by stimulated Raman scattering (Raman amplification) in single-mode optical fibres, and discusses its possible applications to long-distance optical communications. The fibre Raman amplifier can be used as an in-line optical amplifier in both repeaterless and non-regenerative all-optical repeater configurations. In the former application, signal transmission of over 400 km has been predicted theoretically, although high-power pump sources are considered to be required. In the latter configuration, in which optical fibre losses are compensated for by Raman gains, it has been shown that extremely long-distance transmission over more than 1000 km is feasible in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, where the distance achievable is mainly limited by the accumulation of Raman noise. Recent experimental demonstrations including bit-error rate measurements on the Raman amplified signal, and laser-diode pumped amplification, etc., are also reviewed. The results confirm the effectiveness of fibre Raman amplifiers in future long-haul systems.
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    Centroid shift of power flow in gently bent circular hollow or dielectric waveguide (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 73-75 
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    Notes: Abstract We show that the centroid of power flow in gently bentcircular waveguides does not necessarily shift towards the outward direction of bending.
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    Research on laser theory (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 77-77 
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    Announcement (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 86-86 
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    The analysis of volume reflection gratings using optical thin-film techniques (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 93-107 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper the use of thin-film techniques to model volume reflection grating structures is described and analysed. The results obtained using this technique for the uniform refractive index modulation case are compared with those obtained using the more familiar coupled-wave theory. The shape of the resultant spectral profile may be modified by the introduction of swelling or shrinkage, absorption or non-uniform index modulation within the volume of the grating structure. Results showing the effect of each are presented. Finally, the performance of experimental thick (〉100 μm) volume gratings in dichromated gelatin is discussed and the most recent improvements in the resultant spectral profiles are described. These results show that the thin-film modelling technique is useful for the modelling of volume reflection grating structures.
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    Theoretical investigation of wavelength-flattened fused coupler (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 123-129 
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    Notes: Abstract A fused coupler made of dissimilar fibres is studied theoretically. Two different types of such couplers are analysed. The first type is featured by a strongly fused uniform waist of long length, whereas the second type has a fused uniform waist with tapers at its ends. Theoretical analysis reveals that the former is much less wavelength-dependent. For the latter, our results agree with the available experimental data. A fabrication process to make the first type of coupler is suggested.
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    Laser optical fibre heterodyne interferometer with frequency indicating of the phase shift of a light signal in an optical waveguide (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 423-427 
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    Notes: Abstract Self-sustained oscillations in a laser optical fibre heterodyne interferometer are discussed; oscillations were produced by closing into a loop the single-mode optical fibres of the interferometer. Such oscillatory systems are shown to feature high-frequency stability. It is proposed to use this oscillating interferometer as a high-sensitivity sensor of external factors affecting the optical waveguide.
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    Book reviews (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 435-440 
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    Exciton enhancement of optical non-linearity in low-dimensional crystals (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 441-450 
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    Notes: Abstract Excitons are shown to enhance third-order optical susceptibilityx (3) and shorten its response timeT 1 in suitable low-dimensional crystals; for example, a system of semiconductor microcrystallites and a natural and artificial quantum-well system. Some experimental evidence of enhancedx (3) and shortenedT 1 is also introduced.
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    Two-photon optical bistability of polar molecules inserted in a solid matrix: Phonon effects (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 471-479 
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    Notes: Abstract Single-beam two-photon optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot cavity filled with molecules which change permanent dipole moment upon electronic excitation is analysed under the mean-field and plane-wave approximations. One-photon resonances are discarded. These molecules are assumed to be in a solid matrix. Phonon effects are then taken into account. The Bloch equations of the system are further coupled by a term that is dependent on the electron-phonon interaction, leading to shifts in the switching thresholds which modify the optical bistability character. Such a term becomes irrelevant when the difference between the dipole moments is much greater than the transition dipole moment.
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    Optically induced index change in GaAs by laser diode: Measurement method and analysis to realize an all-optical switch (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 499-505 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper the possibility to realize an all-optical switch on GaAs, using a semiconductor laser as a pump beam, is investigated. An estimate for the mean value of the refractive index change (Δn) of the material is calculated as a function of the pump power. A method for the measurement of Δn is proposed, based on the mathematical relationships between the propagation characteristics of the guided mode and the refractive index change.
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    Editorial (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. iii 
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    Fundamentals of optical amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S1 
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    Notes: Abstract The minimum noise figure of linear phase-insensitive amplifiers is 3 dB, according to the constraint of the uncertainty principle. Laser amplifiers, parametric amplifiers and Raman amplifiers obey the general quantum limit in an ideal case. A degenerate parametric amplifier is a phase-sensitive linear amplifier, and thus is a noiseless amplifier with a noise figure of 0 dB. The noise figure degradation in a practical amplifier and the signal-to-noise ratio design of an optical amplifier system are presented. Several other amplifier characteristics, such as signal gain, frequency bandwidth and saturation output power, are also discussed.
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    Some focusing properties of chirped gratings (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 17-33 
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    Notes: Abstract In the past the focusing properties of chirped grating structures have been investigated in various disciplines including optics, acousto-optics and acoustics. In this paper we present the results of a detailed theoretical and experimental study of one such amplitude grating structure, namely the chirped optical diffraction grating, although many of the conclusions are of more general validity. We derive some useful fundamental properties of such focusing gratings, and show that to first order their behaviour is similar to that of various other classical components such as focusing lenses, grating spectrometers and matched filters for chirped waveforms. However, we also describe a range of second-order differences in behaviour, for example concerning the physical location of the multiple foci, and the sidelobe structures within and perpendicular to the focal plane. For devices of large numerical aperture we demonstrate the advantages of using a non-linear grating structure — for example, for sidelobe suppression in the focal plane - and point out that surface acoustic wave (SAW) techniques can be used to generate the non-linear chirp waveforms necessary to implement such gratings in acousto-optic devices.
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    Circularly birefringent optical fibres: new proposals (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 35-46 
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    Notes: Abstract A new family of azimuthally inhomogeneous fibres is proposed and analysed theoretically. In contrast with previous similar structures, in these fibres one can find exact analytical expressions for the guided fields. Such modes could also be used as zeroorder approximations in analysisng other waveguides. This paper presents the basic theory and several examples illustrating how the main parameters (radii, number and width of the sectors, and refractive indices) affect the field profiles. We also present introductory, qualitative arguments on how this improved control over the field could be exploited in order to get either high circular birefringence or good matching of the guided modes to TEM00 or LP01 exciting fields.
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    Saturating refractive non-linearities and optical bistability: implications for excitonic switching (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 81-85 
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    Notes: Abstract We examine the operation of a refractive Fabry-Perot bistable device and consider the importance of saturation of the non-linear refraction using a simple model. A condition is formally derived which determines whether a particular material with a limited refractive index change may be used to make an all-optical bistable switch. This is evaluated for the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well system by comparison with four-wave mixing measurements of the non-linear refraction associated with the exciton feature.
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    Mode equation and its solution for dielectric waveguide with parabolic cross-section (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 117-122 
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    Notes: Abstract The mode equation for the dielectric waveguide with parabolic cross-section is derived using both the effective index method and WKB theory, and the expression of the mode propagation constant or effective index is solved directly from this mode equation, so that the mode-propagation properties of this kind of waveguide can be analysed conveniently with comparative accuracy.
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    Application of back-action evading amplifier to optical network communications (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 131-136 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper shows applications of the back-action evading amplifier, which amplifies a signal without degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), to optical decoupling systems and clarifies the effects of the number of branches and the amplitude gain to SNR. As a result, it is shown that this concept provides an ideal optical system for networks with optical branches.
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    Optical beam deflection using dynamic volume reflection gratings (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 151-154 
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    Notes: Abstract We propose a scheme for optical beam deflection using dynamic volume reflection gratings. Since the direction change of the diffracted beam with the recording wavelength is much larger for a reflection grating a passive beam-tilting element may not be required.
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    Double-beam two-photon optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot cavity with polar molecules (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 415-422 
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    Notes: Abstract Optical bistability in a micrometre-sized Fabry-Perot cavity, filled with appropriate polar molecules, is analysed after two incident beams (with frequenciesgw 1 andgw 2) produce in the system a two-photon resonance at frequencygw 1 +gw 2. One-photon resonances at the frequenciesgw 1 andgw 2 are discarded. It was not necessary to assume a particular relationship betweengw 1 andgw 2, and the single-beam two-photon optical bistability whengw 1 andgw 2 are of the same order or equal is emphasized.
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    Theoretical and experimental study of the colliding-pulse method for solid-state lasers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 481-490 
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    Notes: Abstract The interaction of ultrashort pulses with a two-level saturable absorber is considered in the colliding-pulse regime. The shortening of the Gaussian pulse duration is investigated for a wide range of absorber and pulse parameters and compared with typical contacting-absorber and non-contacting-absorber methods. The analysis of the maximum pulse dynamics taking into account the noise radiation in the context of the fluctuation model shows that in addition to the well-known advantages realized in dye lasers, the colliding-pulse method results in the achievement of shorter durations of the peak pulses in the train near the second threshold. This advantage is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to be greater for faster the relaxation of the absorber.
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    Simple computer solution of coupled power equations (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 511-515 
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    Notes: Abstract A numerical method for solution of the coupled power equations in multimode optical fibres is presented. The method is based on the assumption that the contribution of weak mode coupling can be concentrated into discrete points along the fibre. The matrix form of the solution is derived, the accuracy of the method is briefly discussed and an example of practical results is also shown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189132
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    Approximate analysis of mode dispersion in diffused-channel waveguides (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 521-524 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose an approximate mode analysis using the effective index method for calculating mode dispersion in diffused channel waveguides. The method uses the minimum computing time and gives good agreement with other published results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189134
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    Float-glass: An industrial substrate for integrated optics (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 307-319 
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    Notes: Abstract Low-loss single-mode waveguides form at the surface of glass in contact with liquid tin during the float process. Theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that float-glass can serve as an industrial substrate for integrated optics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027301
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    Analysis of non-linear multilayer waveguides with Kerr-like permittivities (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 109-116 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a semi-analytical method for calculating the dispersion relationships for stationary non-linear TE waves guided by general multilayer waveguides with Kerr-like permittivities. The non-linear wave equations are solved rigorously for each layer, and the mode index and field distribution are systematically determined so as to satisfy the boundary conditions at all interfaces. To verify the validity of the present method, a non-linear graded-index waveguide is approximated by a number of step layers and the resultant multilayer waveguide is analysed numerically. The convergence properties of mode index and total power flow are presented, and these are compared with direct solutions of the non-linear wave equation by the numerical integration method. The dispersion relationships for a non-linear multiple-quantum-well waveguide have also been investigated under two simple permittivity models. The present method is useful for the analysis of non-linear graded-index waveguides in addition to non-linear multilayer waveguides such as the multiple-quantum-well structure.
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    Non-linear waves in a multilayer waveguide: application to SiO x N y with organic overlayer (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 137-146 
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    Notes: Abstract The field distribution and propagation constant are solved for a multilayer waveguide structure including a non-linear layer. Jacobian elliptic functions are found suitable as the non-linear solutions, because they lead to a numerical solution for a large variety of parameters, covering the range of non-linearity from zero to about the largest values found in any material. SiO x N y was chosen for the waveguide material and the organic conjugated polymers and liquid crystal MBBA for the overlayer. The effect of various waveguide parameters is studied and the potential applications are discussed.
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    On determination of refractive index profile in optical waveguides formed by ion implantation (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 155-158 
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    Notes: Abstract We report a refinement of the Fermi function approximation to compute the Refractive Index Profile of optical waveguides formed by ion implantation. The computation is carried out at an exact value of the phase step at the upper boundary of a planar optical waveguide with allowances for the perturbative influence of the prism coupling element. It is shown that under real experimental conditions the method can be simplified and is applicable to the low-mode waveguides.
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    Instability analysis of semiconductor injection lasers with saturable absorption and self-sustained pulsations on the centre manifold (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 167-181 
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    Notes: Abstract The small-signal analysis of a simple model of three rate equations is performed rigorously by means of both the Routh-Hurwitz theorem and Descartes' sign rule, and the relationship between bistable behaviour and self-sustained pulsations (SSPs) is investigated. Because one eigenvalue of the Jacobian of the model system is always negative, small-amplitude, sinusoidal SSPs can be described in terms of Haken's dressed-mode variables on a two-dimensional centre manifold. Possible simplifications for the switching modelling are also mentioned.
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    Elastic backscattering lidar system for atmospheric measurements in Antarctica (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 215-226 
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    Notes: Abstract An elastic backscattering lidar and initial results are described. The lidar system has been designed to operate in Antarctica for the Italian National Programme for Antarctic Research. The first field trials were held during the period from 31 December 1987 to 10 February 1988. Data were collected for both tropospheric and stratospheric atmospheric parameters. Tropospheric measurements included the cloud base, optical depth, extinction and backscattering coefficients for clouds, whereas aerosols and the molecular atmosphere were monitored in the stratosphere. The lidar system was also tested for the determination of temperature and density in ranges up to 40 km. Preliminary results of the lidar measurements carried out at Terra Nova Bay are presented. The lidar system is composed of a Nd−YAG laser, a Newtonian telescope and two receiving channels with computer-controlled data acquisition and display equipment. The system is operated in a mobile container specifically designed for the Antarctic environment.
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    A travelling-wave beam deflector cleave-coupled to a diode laser (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 227-231 
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    Notes: Abstract A new technique for scanning a diode laser beam is introduced where the beam is deflected in a current-injection-type travelling-wave beam deflector integrated with a diode laser. The deflector, which is formed outside the laser cavity, is cleave-coupled to the cavity. An anti-reflection coating on the deflector output facet suppresses the light returning to the laser. As a result, very smooth deflection of the radiation peak with low background intensity is realized in this device, while retaining high efficiency and low threshold current.
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    Announcement (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 251-251 
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    Optical methods for precision measurements (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 253-282 
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    Notes: Abstract Contactless measuring techniques are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications. The use of a laser, solid-state detector arrays and powerful small computers leads to a very efficient fringe analysis in holography as well as in Moiré and speckle techniques. Due to the computer analysis, much more information can be extracted from interferograms, leading to higher sensitivities and accuracies. The application of different fringe analysis procedures is discussed, together with some potentials of the application of interferometry, holography, and speckle and Moiré techniques.
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    Modal redistribution and power loss in on-fibre devices (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 321-329 
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    Notes: Abstract The mode coupling and optical power loss taking place in on-fibre devices are investigated. These devices are fabricated by removing the cladding of a multimode fibre and replacing it with a new material such as electro-optic or magneto-optic. Under an application of an external field the index of this modified cladding increases, leading to coupling among guided modes and coupling to radiation modes, resulting in optical power loss. The coupling among guided modes and the power loss are calculated as a function of the change in the index under the field and the length of the active region for the case when HE1m modes are excited individually or in a group. Results indicate that on-fibre devices may be used as low-loss devices for applications involving sensors and delay lines.
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    New phase and polarization-insensitive receivers for coherent optical fibre communication systems (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 343-346 
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    Notes: Abstract We propose new phase- and polarisation-insensitive receivers for coherent optical fibre communication systems which have the following characteristic features: (a) insensitivity to LO excess noise in addition to phase- and polarization-insensitivity; (b) absence of optical PLL and polarization control devices; (c) a smaller detector bandwidth requirement than for heterodyne systems; (d) the same source linewidth requirement as for heterodyne systems with non-coherent demodulation; (e) the possibility of a complete optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) version in the future.
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    Book reviews (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 241-250 
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    Three-dimensional time-dependent thermal model of catastrophic mirror damage in stripe-geometry double-heterostructure GaAs/(AlGa)As diode lasers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 331-334 
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    Notes: Abstract Three-dimensional thermal analysis of catastrophic mirror damage in stripe-geometry diode lasers was carried out in the present work. The spatial extent of the heat source at and near to the mirror surface as well as the temperature dependences of both the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity are taken into account in the model. The heat conduction equation is solved by means of the Green function method.
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    Single longitudinal mode, symmetrical three-cavity GaInAsP/InP lasers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 347-352 
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    Notes: Abstract Two ways of improving the mode-selection characteristics of diode lasers are analysed. The mode-selection mechanism and technological processes are presented for symmetrical three-cavity lasers, and the experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical results.
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    Transient and steady-state characteristics of a Brillouin amplifier based on an all-fibre single-mode ring resonator (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S113 
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    Notes: Abstract There has been a lot of interest in the applications of the gain in the non-linear stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process for all-optical amplification at low pump powers. The power levels at which SBS thresholds are observed can be greatly reduced in high-finesse, single-mode, all-fibre ring resonators. In this work a simple model which describes the transient generation of the SBS in such a resonator is developed. The model accounts for pump depletion, describes the build-up of the amplified spontaneous emission, and can be used to predict the Brillouin threshold in terms of the practical resonator and fibre parameters. Good agreement is reported between experimentally measured data and the theoretical results from this model. By operating this device below threshold, a signal at the Stokes frequency can be amplified. A detailed evaluation of the performance characteristics of such Brillouin amplifiers in terms of the signal gain, signal-to-noise ratio, time response of the device and gain saturation is presented.
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    Semiconductor laser optical amplifiers in switching and distribution networks (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S59 
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    Notes: Abstract Applications of semiconductor laser optical amplifiers in coherent multichannel systems are investigated with respect to the switching and distribution of many channels to a large number of customers. All-optical switching of data signals is achieved with the optical amplifier operating as a frequency converter. Measurements of the conversion efficiency and a transmission experiment with a 1500 GHz conversion range are described. Possible applications are all-optical ‘multipoint to point’ and ‘point to multipoint’ switching. Optical amplifiers may also be useful in multichannel distribution networks to compensate for combining and splitting losses. We discuss an example demonstrating how optical amplifiers increase the number of customers in a coherent multichannel distribution system.
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    A model for noise processes in semiconductor laser amplifiers, part 1: the travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S33 
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    Notes: Abstract A new model for the noise processes in a travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier is presented. This model is based on applying perturbation techniques to the basic travelling-wave rate equations to deduce the noise rate equations. These equations are then used to calculate the power spectral densities of the intensity, electron density and phase noises introduced into a single signal mode propagating through the amplifier. The model can be applied to any gain profile within the amplifier, ranging from unsaturated to completely saturated. Furthermore, in contrast to most other semiconductor laser amplifier models, this model does not require the homogenization of the photon field over the length of the device.
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    Fibre Brillouin amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S105 
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    Notes: Abstract The operation and noise properties of fibre Brillouin amplifiers are described, and the applications demonstrated to date are reviewed.
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    Announcement (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 16-16 
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    Ray transfer matrix analysis of multiple-prism dye laser oscillators (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 47-54 
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    Notes: Abstract A ray transfer matrix description of multiple-prism beam expanders used to produce narrow-linewidth emission in pulsed dye lasers is given. The formulae are then applied to describe beam divergence characteristics of a narrow-linewidth multiple-prism grating oscillator. A comparison between theory and measured beam divergence and laser linewidth is provided.
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    Pulse shortening of 5×103 by the combined pulse forming of dye oscillators, saturated amplifiers and gated saturable absorbers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 55-61 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple excimer-laser-pumped cascade dye laser-amplifier system has been presented which due to the combined pulse-forming effects of cascade dye lasers, saturated amplifiers and gated saturable absorbers, is capable of generating single 3 ps pulses.
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    3.5 μm optical communication experiment at 100 Mbits−1 using a PbCdS diode laser (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 69-72 
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    Notes: Abstract A mid-infrared optical communication experiment using a lead-salt diode laser emitting at 3.5 μm is reported. Bit-error rate measurements have been performed for pulse code modulated data at 100 Mbits−1 using a fluoride glass fibre as a transmission channel. A bit-error rate better than 10−10 was achieved at a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB.
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    Relationship between field shift and phase constant change in two-dimensional three-layered dielectric or hollow waveguides due to uniform bends (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 63-67 
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown theoretically that the field shift Δx and phase constant change Δβ in two-dimensional three-layered dielectric or hollow waveguides bent uniformly with large bending radiusR are related by Δx = 2RΔβ/β 0, whereβ 0 is the axial phase constant. The relationship predicts that the field distributions of the TE0 or TM0 mode shift toward the outward direction of bending, whereas those of other TE n or TM n (n=1,2,...) modes shift inward in a hollow waveguide. Characteristic features in dielectric waveguides are also described.
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    Theoretical analysis of a PSK coherent heterodyne optical receiver using external cavity semiconductor lasers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 87-92 
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    Notes: Abstract The performance of a PSK heterodyne optical transmission system using external cavity semiconductor lasers as remote and local oscillators in evaluated theoretically. The actual shape of the instantaneous frequency fluctuations power spectral density of the optical oscillators is taken into account, obtaining indications for optimum design of the external optical feedback.
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    Approximate solution of optical soliton in lossless fibres with third-order dispersion (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 335-341 
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    Notes: Abstract A near zero-dispersion regime, fundamental soliton with third-order dispersion is considered. There are three different waves radiated from the soliton. We find a threshold condition for the radiated waves. Below the threshold condition a stable soliton exists; an approximate soliton solution is obtained.
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    A parametric study of surface-discharge nitrogen lasers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 353-362 
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    Notes: Abstract A parametric study of sandwich-type discharge chamber nitrogen lasers has been carried out. A non-monotonic dependence of the energy emitted by the laser and the discharge chamber thicknessτ is found. Discharge chambers withτ = 1 have the best electro-optical efficiency. The ratio between the electrode gap,d, andτ is found to be a scaling parameter. The possible influence of wall ablation in the comportment is also discussed.
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    Saturation effects at backward-stimulated scattering in the single-mode regime of interaction (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 381-395 
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    Notes: Abstract The effects of amplitude modulation of interacting waves at stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering (SMBS) in a monomode fibre caused by the noise origin of the initial Stokes wave are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Depending on the determined conditions, there can taken place either a smoothing of the noise amplitude modulation or its preservation in the Stokes radiation in the deep saturation regime of SMBS. Amplitude modulation with period corresponding to the double time of radiation propagation through the fibre is observed along with noise-amplitude modulation of the Stokes and pump waves. The effect of this period prolongation is discussed. The influence of phase fluctuations on amplitude modulation of interacting waves is investigated. The role of phase correlations in the feedback regime of SMBS is considered. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical calculations.
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    Parametric solitons on Raman resonance and self-induced transparency in silica optical fibre (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 429-433 
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    Notes: Abstract An analytical and numerical analysis of the dynamics of parametric solitons on Raman resonance is performed. The results of calculations describe an effect of self-induced transparency for parameteric solitons and the influence of the initial phase on Raman Stokes gain and anti-Stokes absorption. This can be used to maintain the process of energy transfer between pulses.
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    A laser amplifier model for system optimization (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 463-470 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A laser amplifier system model has been developed, incorporating many of the features of real devices. The theoretical performance of systems with several amplifiers is investigated to illustrate the effects of optical filters and control techniques. Realistic and practical system limits are also identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189126
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  • 93
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    Acoustic-optic frequency shifter using coaxial fibres (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 491-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a frequency shifter using coaxial fibres with the applied acoustic wave is proposed. Two frequency shifts for a given coaxial structure are found to be possible when the coaxial fibre is excited with appropriate light patterns and acoustic model power. The general design procedure for such a frequency shifter is also outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189129
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  • 94
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    Succession of one-soliton pulses in the zero-dispersion region of silica optical fibres: The role of the phase difference between the adjacent pulses (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Some features of the propagation of one-soliton successions in the third order dispersion region are presented for the case where the phase difference between adjacent pulses is π rads. We show that this considerably improves the stability of the pulses in the zero-dispersion region. Walk-off can be diminished by increasing the number of pulses in the succession. These features may help optimize the bandwidth of non-linear fibre communication links.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189131
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  • 95
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    Book reviews (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 525-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189135
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  • 96
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    Bragg diffraction of light by a set of parallel phase gratings: Analysis and applications (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 397-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bragg diffraction of light by a set of parallel phase gratings is considered, utilizing two-dimensional coupled-wave theory. The diffraction characteristics of a Bragg-type spatial light modulator are presented. It is shown that the resolution limit and the accuracy of spatial light modulation are determined by the geometry parameter of the grating. The results obtained are used for the choice of the design parameters of various optical Bragg processors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028182
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  • 97
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    The frequency-doubling electro-optic modulation method for Kerr-effect measurements: Application in nitrobenzene (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 363-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method for the measurement of the electric birefringence and electro-optic coefficients in Kerr-effect liquid media is presented. The method is based on the oscilloscopic observation of a characteristic frequency-doubling of an a.c. electro-optic modulation voltage applied to the sample, inserted in a Senarmont configuration system. Theoretical analysis predicts increased accuracy and sensitivity. This is verified by application of the method in measuring the temperature dependence of the Kerr constant of liquid nitrobenzene. The method has also been applied, in conjunction with He-Ne, argon and krypton lasers, to investigate the chromatic dispersion of the Kerr effect in this liquid over the short-wavelength range of the visible spectrum. The results obtained, which are original, indicate for the Kerr constantB a law of the formB = A/λ(λ - λ0)α, where λ is the wavelength andA, λ0 and α are constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028180
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  • 98
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    On approximate theories of single-mode rectangular waveguides (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a new scheme of computation for the CEVAR (cosine-exponential field based variational method) for modelling wave propagation in single mode rectangular waveguides. The method avoids non-linear optimization. We show that the fully optimized weighted index approach is identical to the CEVAR method in which the Rayleigh quotient is optimized to obtain the best separable approximation to the field propagating in single mode guides with rectangular dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189133
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  • 99
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    Special issue on: Charge transport assisted optical nonlinearities (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 533-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189136
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Photonic switches and switch arrays on LiNbO3 (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In recent years there has been tremendous progress in lithium niobate-based photonic switches. The various switch configurations proposed and implemented, and their characteristics, are reviewed. A summary of the device technology is given. Performance analysis based on different architecture and the size of arrays that can be relalized are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02199462
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