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  • Other Sources  (46)
  • Cambridge University Press  (24)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley
  • 1985-1989  (35)
  • 1970-1974  (11)
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Source
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Year
  • 1
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    Laser Holography in Geophysics (1989)
    Wiley
    In:  New York, Wiley, vol. 98, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 1-4020-1592-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Laboratory measurements
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Feeding Pattern of Sepia Officinalis (Cephalopoda: Sepiodidea) In The Ria De Vigo (Nw Spain) (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69 (03). pp. 545-553.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The importance of feeding pattern is well documented in fish (Jenkins & Green, 1977; Simenstad & Cailliet, 1986) but there are not many reported studies in cephalopods. Feeding patterns, as defined by Jenkins & Green (1977) have been studied, to our knowledge, only in Todarodes pacificus (Okiyama, 1965), Loligo pealei (Vovk, 1972), Loligo opalescens (Karpov & Cailliet, 1978), Illex illecebrosus (Amaratunga et ah, 1979; Amaratunga, 1980) and Nototodarus gouldi (O'Sullivan & Cullen, 1983). Boyle (1983) dealt with aspects of feeding in several cephalopod species but not specifically with feeding pattern. Aspects of feeding in Sepia officinalis have been reviewed by Nixon (1987). The present work describes the daily feeding pattern in Sepia officinalis from data collected in the field.
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  • 3
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    Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 126 (02). p. 95.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Santorini volcanic field has had 12 major (1–10 km3 or more of magma), and numerous minor, explosive eruptions over the last ~ 200 ka. Deposits from these eruptions (Thera Pyroclastic Formation) are well exposed in caldera-wall successions up to 200 m thick. Each of the major eruptions began with a pumice-fall phase, and most culminated with emplacement of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic flows of at least six eruptions deposited proximal lag deposits exposed widely in the caldera wall. The lag deposits include coarse-grained lithic breccias (andesitic to rhyodacitic eruptions) and spatter agglomerates (andesitic eruptions only). Facies associations between lithic breccia, spatter agglomerate, and ignimbrite from the same eruption can be very complex. For some eruptions, lag deposits provide the only evidence for pyroclastic flows, because most of the ignimbrite is buried on the lower flanks of Santorini or under the sea. At least eight eruptions tapped compositionally heterogeneous magma chambers, producing deposits with a range of zoning patterns and compositional gaps. Three eruptions display a silicic–silicic + mafic–silicic zoning not previously reported. Four eruptions vented large volumes of dacitic or rhyodacitic pumice, and may account for 90% or more of all silicic magma discharged from Santorini. The Thera Pyroclastic Formation and coeval lavas record two major mafic-to-silicic cycles of Santorini volcanism. Each cycle commenced with explosive eruptions of andesite or dacite, accompanied by construction of composite shields and stratocones, and culminated in a pair of major dacitic or rhyodacitic eruptions. Sequences of scoria and ash deposits occur between most of the twelve major members and record repeated stratocone or shield construction following a large explosive eruption. Volcanism at Santorini has focussed on a deep NE–SW basement fracture, which has acted as a pathway for magma ascent. At least four major explosive eruptions began at a vent complex on this fracture. Composite volcanoes constructed north of the fracture were dissected by at least three caldera-collapse events associated with the pyroclastic eruptions. Southern Santorini consists of pryoclastic ejecta draped over a pre-volcanic island and a ridge of early- to mid-Pleistocene volcanics. The southern half of the present-day caldera basin is a long-lived, essentially non-volcanic, depression, defined by topographic highs to the south and east, but deepened by subsidence associated with the main northern caldera complex, and is probably not a separate caldera.
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  • 4
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    A perspective on the population dynamics and assessment of scallop fisheries, with special reference to the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus GMELIN (1989)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Marine invertebrate fisheries : their assessment and management. , ed. by Caddy, J. F. A Wiley-interscience publication . Wiley, New York, pp. 559-589. ISBN 0-471-83237-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Recent developments in research and management for wild stocks of bivalves and gastropods (1989)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Marine invertebrate fisheries : their assessment and management. , ed. by Caddy, J. F. A Wiley-interscience publication . Wiley, New York, pp. 665-700. ISBN 0-471-83237-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Growth of the Eastern Atlantic squid, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1989)
    Wiley
    In:  Aquaculture Research, 20 (1). pp. 1-14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: Loligo forbesi Steenstrup is a commercially and biomedically important species raneing from Scotland to North Africa and from the Azores Islands in the central Atlantic east through the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Eggs were collected from Plymouth. England and from the Azores and the hatchlings were reared to adult size in recirculating seawater systems. Growth data were obtained primarily from mortalities during the course of three culture experiments which lasted 360, 240 and 480 days. Loligo forbesi hatched at a size of 5–9mg (3.0–4.6mm mantle length, ML) and grew to a maximum size of 124g (155 mm ML) in 413 days. In all experiments, growth was exponential in form for at least the first 3 months at rales of 5.8, 5.1 and 3.6% body weight per day (BW/d) at mean temperatures of 14.1, 14.0 and 13.1°C respectively. In one short-term experiment, month-old squids grew at 8.0% BW/d at 17.4°C. Growth beyond 3 months was slower and either logarithmic (as described by the power function) or exponential in form. Growth rates gradually declined to 1–2% BW/d, Analyses of mantle length growth confirmed the wet weight results. There was no evidence of sexual dimorphism in the laboratory populations, which were of small size, and the length-weight (L-W) relationships were found to be similar to those of field populations. Growth rates during the exponential growth phase appeared very sensitive to temperature, with a 1°C difference changing growth rate by 2% BW/d and producing a three-fold difference in weight at 90 days post-hatching. These dramatic effects of temperature on adult size and lifespan in nature are discussed. It is hypothesized that the small size of mature laboratory-reared squids was due to low culture temperatures during the first 3 months.
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  • 7
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    Laboratory culture and estimated life span of the Eastern Atlantic squid, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1989)
    Wiley
    In:  Aquaculture Research, 20 (1). pp. 15-34.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: First culture results are presented from four major experiments (lasting up to 478 days) on the commercially important squid species, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, Details are provided on eggs, hatching, feeding, growth, survival, behaviour and sexual maturation. Best survival during the critical first 75 days was 15%. The hatchlings (up to 4.9mm mantle length, ML) are the largest among the genus Loligo, and the largest squid grown was a male 155mm ML and 124g. First schooling was observed only 40–50 days post-hatching. Spawning was not achieved although males reached maturity, females had maturing ova and mating was observed. The largest giant axon measured was 425μm in diameter (from a female 130mm ML), a size suitable for most biomedical applications. Laboratory data suggest a 2-year life cycle compared to fishery data which suggest a 1-year cycle.
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  • 8
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    Surface-feeding on cephalopods by procellariiform seabirds in the southern Benguela region, South Africa (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 218 (4). pp. 549-563.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-09
    Description: Cephalopod beaks recovered from stomach samples taken from l 4 sea bird species in the southern Benguela region off Southern Africa and from one species at Sub-Antarctic Marion Island, were identified as far as possible, counted and the lower rostral lengths (LRLs) measured. Dorsal mantle lengths (DMLs) and body masses of the cephalopods eaten were estimated. The results of analyses by percentage frequency of occurrence and numerical abundance are discussed with reference to present knowledge of the distribution of cephalopods eaten by sea birds in the areas studied. Division of the cephalopod component of seabird diets into species which float, and species which sink, after death indicates that the birds forage on dead or moribund cephalopods on the surface, rather than catching live bioluminescent cephalopods at night.
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  • 9
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    Relationships among the biological properties, distribution, and regulation of production by planktonic cyanobacteria (1989)
    Wiley
    In:  Toxicity Assessment, 4 (3). pp. 229-255.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Interrelationships between the morphological and physiological properties of selected cyanobacterial species distinguished in the laboratory are used to simulate their population dynamics against realistic scales of environmental variability. Differences in performances are shown to correlate well with the ambient conditions found in the various types of lakes in which cyanobacteria are typically distributed.
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  • 10
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    RNA/DNA ratios of laboratory-reared and wild herring larvae determined with a highly sensitive fluorescence method (1989)
    The Fisheries Society of the British Isles | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 35 (SupplementA). pp. 331-333.
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
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  • 11
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    Polybaric Geochemical Evolution of Two Shield Volcanoes from Santorini, Aegean Sea, Greece: Evidence for Zoned Magma Chambers from Cyclic Compositional Variations (1989)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-12
    Description: Petrographic, mineralogic, and geochemical data are reported for lavas from two of the major shield volcanoes of the Santorini volcanic complex (Skaros and Micro Profitis Ilias), both of which were active prior to the well-known Minoan eruption with associated caldera collapse. Field work and whole-rock chemical analyses indicate four cycles of eruptive activity within the Skaros sequence and three within the Micro Profitis Ilias (M P1) sequence. SiO2 and LIL-element contents decrease from the base to the top of all cycles except for the uppermost cycle of Skaros. Chemical variations within cycles are interpreted to result from eruption from compositionally and thermally zoned magma chambers. Major oxide data and the results of least-squares, mass balance modeling indicate that fractional crystallization played an important role in the development of the observed chemical variations. However, observed systematic variations in groundmass compositions within each cycle, observed irregular variations in total phenocryst content and the results of density calculations require that generation of the chemical zonation did not involve crystal settling but reflects unstable density stratification, probably resulting from sidewall crystallization. Some of the primitive lavas erupted on Santorini preserve phenocryst and xenocryst evidence for a stage of high-pressure fractional crystallization (involving removal of olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and Cr-spinel). Trace element data combined with petrographic data (i.e. the occurrence of abundant phenocrysts with resorption textures) is taken as evidence that magma mixing was also important in the development of cyclic variations. Most basaltic andesites from Skaros appear to be hybrids derived by mixing of basalt and andesite/dacite. Mineralogic data demonstrate that mixing was also important in the development of zonation in the chambers beneath MPI, but trace element data cannot be explained by combined fractionation and mixing alone. Specifically, incompatible, and compatible element abundances are lower than predicted if fractionation and mixing occurred and it is suggested that the anomalous trace element behaviour of especially LIL elements reflects the simultaneous operation of assimilation, for which there is support from isotopic studies. It is concluded that inter- cyclic chemical variations are explicable in terms of fractionation, mixing and assimilation. The LIL element and highly compatible element concentrations in the most primitive lavas erupted in each cycle of Skaros and MPI increase with time, indicating that mixing became more important with time.
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  • 12
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    Nuclear Weapons Tests: Prohibition or Limitation? (1988)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Dordrecht, 358 pp., Oxford University Press, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 1-4020-0653-5)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Growth and survival strategies of diatoms (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Growth and reproductive strategies of freshwater phytoplankton. , ed. by Sandgren, C. D. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 227-260. ISBN 0-521-32722-9
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-02
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 14
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    Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (1988)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Methods in Aquatic Bacteriology. , ed. by Austin, B. Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 207-240. ISBN 978-0471916512
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-05
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Transform fault earthquakes in the North Atlantic: Source mechanisms and depth of faulting (1988)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 93 (B8). pp. 9027-9057.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-01
    Description: We have determined the centroid depths and source mechanisms of 12 large earthquakes on transform faults of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge from an inversion of long-period body waveforms. The earthquakes occurred on the Gibbs, Oceanographer, Hayes, Kane, 15°20′, and Vema transforms. We have also estimated the depth extent of faulting during each earthquake from the centroid depth and the fault width. For five of the transforms, earthquake centroid depths lie in the range 7–10 km beneath the seafloor, and the maximum depth of seismic faulting is 14–20 km. On the basis of a comparison with a simple thermal model for transform faults, this maximum depth of seismic behavior corresponds to a nominal temperature of 900° ± 100°C. In contrast, the nominal temperature limiting the maximum depth of faulting during oceanic intraplate earthquakes with strike-slip mechanisms is 700° ± 100°C. The difference in these limiting temperatures may be attributed to the different strain rates characterizing intraplate and transform fault environments. Three large earthquakes on the 15°20′ transform have shallower centroid depths of 4–5 km and a maximum depth of seismic faulting of 10 km, corresponding to a limiting temperature of 600°C. The shallower extent of seismic behavior along the 15°20′ transform may be related to a recent episode of extension across the transform associated with the northward migration of the triple junction among North American, South American, and African plates to its present position near the transform. The source mechanisms for all events in this study display the strike-slip motion expected for transform fault earthquakes; slip vector azimuths agree to within 2°–3° of the local strike of the zone of active faulting. The only anomalies in mechanism were for two earthquakes near the western end of the Vema transform which occurred on significantly nonvertical fault planes. Secondary faulting, occurring either precursory to or near the end of the main episode of strike-slip rupture, was observed for five of the 12 earthquakes. For three events the secondary faulting was characterized by reverse motion on fault planes striking oblique to the trend of the transform. In all three cases the site of secondary reverse faulting is near a compressional jog in the current trace of the active transform fault zone. We find no evidence to support the conclusions of Engeln, Wiens, and Stein that oceanic transform faults in general are either hotter than expected from simple thermal models or weaker than normal oceanic lithosphere.
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  • 16
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    Mechanisms of sediment accretion in the Middle America Trench off Mexico (1988)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 93 (B8). pp. 8911-8927.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: High-resolution seismic reflection and Sea Beam bathymetric data provide insights into the processes of sediment offscraping and accretion in the Middle America Trench off southern Mexico. Thick terrigenous sediments that are transported down Ometepec Canyon and accumulate along the trench floor are scraped off the oceanic plate and accreted in thrust packets to the lower trench slope. The packets offscraped represent most of the trench strata. Underlying hemipelagic deposits that accumulate on the seafloor seaward of the trench are subducted landward of the toe of the slope. Horizontal displacement on the thrust is less than 1 km. Leading edge folds are the surface expressions of the thrusts and strike subparallel to the base of the trench slope. The folds are continuous for as much as 10 km and have amplitudes as high as 200 m and wavelengths of 0.5 to 2 km. Folds are best developed along sections of the trench with interbedded silty turbidite and mud deposits. Fold are absent where thick coarse-grained fan deposits occur. Thickening of the thrust packets occurs by large-scale thrust duplication, by layer-parallel shortening, and by deposition of material that slumps off the leading edge of older upslope thrust blocks.
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  • 17
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    Reflection Seismology: A Tool for Energy Resource Exploration (1987)
    Wiley
    In:  New York, 3rd Edition, 538 pp., Wiley, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Reflection seismics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Applied geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge University Press, vol. 283, no. 2, pp. 15-17, (ISBN: 3-7643-7044-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Handbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole breakouts ; circular ; angular ; directional ; Staatsbibl. ; B: ; 779785
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Growth of the spinose planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa in laboratory culture and the effect of temperature on life processes (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67 (02). pp. 343-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Orbulina universa d'Orbigny is a spinose planktonic foraminifer which occurs throughout surface waters of the tropical, subtropical and transition zones of the world ocean (Bé & Tolderlund, 1971). This species is unique among planktonic Foraminifera in that its life cycle is composed of two growth stages. The juvenile stage is a trochospiral form which is enclosed within a terminal spherical chamber in the adult stage. O. universa is relatively omnivorous, and consumes a variety of prey that range in size and quality from phytoplankton to copepods (Bé et al. 1977; Anderson et al. 1979; Spindler et al. 1984). In addition, each individual harbors several thousand zooxanthellae which presumably are an additional source of nutrition for the foraminifer (Be et al. 1977; Hemleben & Spindler, 1983; Spero & Parker, 1985).
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  • 20
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    Seasonal and annual variation in diets of Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus chrysolophus) and Southern rockhopper (E. chrysocome chrysocome) penguins at sub-Antarctic Marion Island (1987)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 212 (1). pp. 7-28.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: The diets of adult Macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus chrysolophus and Southern rockhopper penguins E. chrysocome chrysocome were analysed quantitatively at Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean, throughout two successive chick-rearing seasons. The diets were broadly similar. Crustaceans were the predominant prey type comprising, overall, 90% by mass and 98% by numbers in Macaroni penguins and 96% by mass and 99% by numbers in rockhopper penguins. Nauticaris marionis was the predominant crustacean eaten by both penguin species in 1983–84, but Euphausia vallentini and Thysanoessa vicina predominated in 1984–85. Themisto gaudichaudii was present in appreciable numbers only in Macaroni penguins. Fish was not found in measurable quantities in either species in 1983–84, but contributed 5% and 4% of the mass of the diet in Macaroni and rockhopper penguins, respectively, when calculated in terms of the original biomass of food ingested. In 1984–85, however, fish comprised 10% and 6% of observed mass and c. 25% and 14% of original biomass ingested in Macaroni and rockhopper penguins, respectively. Pelagic myctophids, predominantly Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum tenisoni and P. normani between 0·01 and 8·3 g, were the most commonly identified fish prey, but Macaroni penguins took an appreciable number of Electrona carlsbergi in 1983–84. Cephalopods made up between 1 % and 3% of the diet by mass in both penguin species and between 5% and 13% of original biomass ingested. Predominant cephalopods eaten were Kondakovia longimana and an unidentified octopus species. The relative proportions of each prey type change throughout chick-rearing, with pelagic fish and cephalopods comprising a larger proportion later in the season when the penguins were assumed to be foraging farther from their breeding sites. Dietary segregation of the two species appears to be related to the difference in the timing of the breeding season, which begins three to four weeks earlier in Macaroni penguins.
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  • 21
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    The morphology of the bioluminescent tissue of the cephalopod Japetella diaphana (Octopoda: Bolitaenidae) (1987)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 212 (2). pp. 245-254.
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-05
    Description: Maturing females of the octopod Japetella diaphana (Hoyle) develop a luminous oral ring. Studies of specimens of different size show that this structure develops from a muscular ring which undergoes great cellular proliferation, associated with gradual degeneration of the original muscle. The light‐producing cells (photocytes) have a relatively uniform cytoplasm whose most characteristic components are small mitochondria, granular aggregates and microtubular or microfibrillar bundles. It is concluded that the original muscle tissue is not transformed directly into luminous tissue. Possible uses of the luminescence are discussed, based on the postures adopted by live specimens in shipboard aquaria.
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  • 22
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    Remote Sensing. Methods and Applications (1986)
    Wiley
    In:  New York, Wiley, vol. 2, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-08-043751-6)
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    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    Numerical Recipes - The Art of Scientific Computing (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 1-58488-323-5)
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    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Inversion ; Handbook of mathematics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    A Descriptive Ecology of Eledone Cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Scottish Waters (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 855-865.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A survey of the ecology of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in Scottish waters is compiled from structured interviews with fishermen, records of occurrence in traps (for lobster and crab), and a research vessel survey. This species is widespread and common throughout the inshore waters covered by fishing activity (shoreline- 140 m) on bottom types ranging through rock, stones, sand and mud. It is caught in all months of the year but is especially common inshore in the summer (July-September) and further offshore on trawling grounds in October-December. The octopus is a normal and regular predator of large Crustacea (Hotnarus, Nephrops, Cancer) caught in commercial traps but gut contents yield little identifiable dietary remains.
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  • 25
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    Diatom analysis (1986)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Handbook of Holocene palaeoecology and palaeohydrology. , ed. by Berglund, B. E. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 527-570. ISBN 0-471-90691-3
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 26
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    Crustacea in the diet of Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) determined by serological methods (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 867-879.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Serological methods for prey identification have been applied to the gut contents of a field sample of 100 Eledone cirrhosa from the Moray Firth and 7 from the Sound of Jura. Protein extracts from the crop were electrophoresed (Laurell rockets) into antisera raised against potential crustacean prey species, Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Liocarcinus spp. and Nephrops norvegicus. The strengths of the resulting reactions were evaluated on the basis of peak height, staining density and the number of homocentric peaks of immune precipitates. Sixty-two of the 100 Moray Firth animals gave a positive reaction to one or more of the antisera and the most critical assessment of the results ranked the incidence of the prey as Liocarcinus (15) 〉 Nephrops (10) 〉 Cancer (8) 〉 Crangon (2) 〉 Carcinus (0), a total of 35 reactions from 28 animals. Absence of a reaction in the 38 animals from which appreciable sample volumes were also obtained indicates that alternative prey had been consumed. Of the 7 Sound of Jura animals, 4 gave a positive reaction to Nephrops alone. A total of only 24 animals gave any indication of diet by visual recognition of remains. The value and difficulties of the methodology are discussed.
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  • 27
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    Influence of an electric light on the capture of deep-sea fish in Biscay (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 483-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Recently the influence of an electric light on the capture of the main groups of deep sea animals by a midwater trawl was described and discussed (Clarke & Pascoe, 1985). With regard to fish it was shown that at depths close to 800 m the total number, the total volume, the volume of the ten largest and the volume of the single largest fish all increased significantly when an electric light was used on the headline of the trawl when compared with controls with the light off. These experiments were carried out both in the Bay of Biscay and off Madeira.
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  • 28
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    Methods for the validation of squid age from statoliths (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 505-526.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Growth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis of Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings in Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurley et al. 1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Dawe et al. 1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
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  • 29
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    Influence of 70 Watt Electric Lights on the Capture of Fish By Otter Trawl Off Plymouth (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (03). p. 711.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The effect of two 70 W underwater electric lamps on the catch rate of a commercial bottom otter trawl was determined by comparative trials both at night and in daylight. It was found that, although the overall numbers and weights of fish caught did not differ, most of the species which were caught in large enough numbers for a judgement to be made showed a reaction to light. Three species, Trachurus trachurus, Merlangius merlangus and Trisopterus minutus were attracted and four species, Eutriglagurnardus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius and Limanda limanda were scared off by light. The possible use of lights to further the development of selective commercial bottom trawling by attracting or scaring particular species is discussed.
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  • 30
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    Report on a specimen of Architeuthis stranded near Aberdeen, Scotland (1986)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 52 . pp. 81-82.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
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  • 31
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    Osmoregulation and compatible solutes in eubacteria (1986)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Fems Microbiology Reviews, 39 . pp. 57-66.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Osmotic adaption by halophilic and halotolerant bacteria is generally achieved by the accumulation or synthesis of several organic solutes. Accumulation by uptake from the medium is preferred over biosynthesis. The chemical nature of the major solute is important in determining the degree of osmotolerance of the organism. Glycine betaine accumulation confers a greater degree of osmotolerance than proline, which in turn confers more osmotolerance than glutamate accumulation. The occurrence and uptake of these solutes in a variety of eubacteria is reviewed.
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  • 32
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    The interdial macrofauna of Nigg bay (1986)
    Royal Society of Edinburgh | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 91B . pp. 113-141.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
    Description: Surveys of the interdial macrofauna and sediment characters of Nigg Bay, Moray Firth, were carried out between 1981 and 1985. Permanent stations were located at the intersections of a half-kilometre grid covering the entire interdial area and sampled for infauna using replicate cores. Estimates were also made of mussel and lugworm densities from quadrats and cast counts respectively. The biomass of selected species that constitute important resources for higher tropic levels were also estimated. The sediment for each station was analysed for median particle diameter and slit content. The infaunal data were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. This indicated that tida height was the most important factor governing the distribution and abundance of the interdial communities. Sediment characters were only poorly related to distribution patterns. The bay has a rich fauna and is biologically similar to other outer bays of the Moray Firth, which, like Nigg, are important areas for wildfowl and waders. Comparison of survey data from different years indicate that there are natural cycles in some sediment and biological characters of Nigg Bay.
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  • 33
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    An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 4th Edition, 470 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 106, pp. 503, (ISBN 0-415-24328-9 (hb), 0-203-47128-8 (pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Calorific Values and Elemental Analysis of Eleven Species of Oceanic Squids (Mollusca:Cephalopoda) (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65 (04). p. 983.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Cephalopods may be divided into five types according to their buoyancy. Members of several families such as the Octopodidae, Loliginidae and Ommastrephidae are negatively buoyant and must swim to stay in midwater and are therefore highly muscular animals. Others have mechanisms to make them neutrally buoyant so they can remain suspended in midwater without effort. Nautilus, Spirula and cuttlefishes have low pressure gas-filled chambers and their flesh is muscular and non-buoyant (Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1973). Squids of one family, the Gonatidae, have a low density oil in their livers to give buoyancy but most of their body is muscular. Some oceanic octopods have very watery tissues in which lighter chloride ions replace sulphate ions (Denton & Shaw, 1961). In 12 of the 26 teuthoid families the buoyancy is provided by low-density ammonia-rich solution in their body and head tissues or in an expanded coelomic cavity (Clarke, Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1979). These ammoniacal squids are extremely abundant in the oceans of the world and form a large part of the diet of birds, cetaceans, seals and fish (Clarke, 1977). When their biomass is estimated from their utilization by predators it is important to know their properties as food and, in particular, their calorific values. As pointed out by Croxall & Prince in a review of the calorific values of cephalopods (1982), all the known values are of muscular, negatively buoyant species because they are of value as food for humans but no measurements have been made on the ammoniacal or oily species which are probably as important, or even more important, in the economy of the ocean (Clarke, 1983).
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  • 35
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    The rates of dissolution of olivine, plagioclase, and quartz in a basalt melt (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-19
    Description: The dissolution rates of spheres of two magnesian olivines, two plagioclases, and quartz in tholeiitic basalt have been determined at three super-liquidus temperatures and one-atmosphere pressure. There are considerable differences in the rates among the minerals, e.g. at 1210°, 12° above the liquidus temperature of the basalt, labradorite dissolves at 86 µm/h. and the magnesian olivines at 9 and 14 µm/h. The rates are not time dependent and this, coupled with the existence of concentration gradients in the composition of quenched melt adjacent to partially dissolved crystals, indicates that the dissolution rates are dictated by a combination of diffusion and convection of components to and from the crystal-liquid interface. Values for the activation enthalpy of dissolution are small for quartz and plagioclase (40–50 kcal mol−1) but large for olivine 73–118 kcal mol−1). Dissolution of plagioclase in rock melts seems to be a much more rapid process than crystal growth, whereas olivines apparently dissolve and grow at similar rates. Crystal dissolution is sufficiently slow that ascending, crystal-bearing magma may become superheated and yet fail to dissolve the crystal fraction before quenching; this may be the reason that olivine phenocrysts are often rounded.
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  • 36
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    The Biology of Loligo Forbesi Steenstrup (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Plymouth Area (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54 (02). pp. 481-503.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The distinguishing features of the common squid of British waters, Loligo forbesi, are summarized, and contrasted with those of L. vulgaris. The life-cycle and growth of L. forbesi are described, based on samples from trawl catches off Plymouth. This species seems to be an annual - young squid first appear in the trawl in late May, when their length is about 10 or 11 cm. Subsequent growth is rapid, and the males reach 30 cm and the females 25 cm by November. Spawning takes place mainly in December-January, but may continue into the spring. Neither sex survives beyond a single spawning season. Hatching of the spawn probably takes 30–40 days, and if the young squid taken in the trawl in late May hatched in the early part of the same year, a growth rate of about 25 mm/month would be required. Known growth rates for other species of Loligo are about 20 mm/month, so that indicated for L. forbesi does not seem to be impossibly high. The life-cycle is summarized in Fig. 8. There is also a summer spawning population, which grows to a rather smaller size at maturity, and which also seems to be annual. During the summer L. forbesi ranges throughout the English Channel and southern North Sea, particularly in inshore areas. In October the squid migrate farther offshore and tend to occupy the western part of the Channel. Values for total weight of squid/2 h trawl are given, on a monthly basis, for 1966–9. The largest quantities are usually taken in October and November, the highest single figure being 30.54 kg/2 h trawl, in November 1967.
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  • 37
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    Structure, growth and distribution of the squid Bathothauma lyromma Chun (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54 (04). p. 995.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Eighty-seven specimens of Bathothauma lyromma from the ‘Discovery’ collections have provided new information on this unusual species. The size range represented is sufficient to trace the development from small larvae to near adult. Information on sexual development is also given. Twenty-nine specimens from opening-closing nets show that Bathothauma occupies the depth range 100–1250 m, with smaller specimens living at shallower depths than the larger ones.
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  • 38
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    Vertical distribution of cephalopods at 30°N 23°W in the North Atlantic (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54 (04). pp. 969-984.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A total of 618 cephalopods comprising 29 identified species and 98 young unidentified larvae were collected at 30° N 23° W in opening–closing rectangular midwater trawls (RMT combination net), an Isaacs Kidd midwater trawl equipped with an openingclosing bucket and a British Columbia midwater trawl. Discrete horizons were fished between the surface and 2000 m and day and night vertical distribution for the more common species is described. Material is sufficiently abundant to draw tentative conclusions on the vertical distributions of 16 species. These show a wide variety of migratory and non-migratory behaviour including diel migration, ontogenetic migration and static distribution at various depths and over various depth ranges.
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  • 39
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    Two new species of cranchiid cephalopod from the North Atlantic, Uranoteuthis bilucifer n.gen., n.sp. and Galiteuthis triluminosa n.sp (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54 (04). p. 985.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Two new species of cranchiid cephalopod are described. These were both collected by opening-closing midwater trawls (RMTs) when vertical series were fished in the North Atlantic from R.R.S. ‘Discovery’.
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  • 40
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    The Response of Rainbow Trout to Varying Protein/Energy Ratios in a Test Diet (1973)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  The Journal of Nutrition, 103 (6). pp. 916-922.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-11
    Description: Nine semipurified diets containing protein/energy ratios that ranged from 73 to 162 mg protein/kilocalorie were fed to young rainbow trout for 18 weeks. A casein-gelatin (70–30) mixture and herring oil were each fed at three levels in a factorial type of experiment. Each of the casein-gelatin levels (36, 44 and 53%) was fed at each of the fat levels (8, 16 and 24%). Cornstarch was added at the expense of the casein-gelatin mix to adjust dietary protein levels. Caloric intake regulated feed consumption; and except for diets low in both fat and protein, no significant differences in weight gains were noted, although feed and energy conversions were markedly influenced. Higher protein/calorie ratios were positively correlated with liver size, level of liver sugars, percentage body fat, percentage body protein, and negatively correlated with percentage liver lipids, size of gastrointestinal tract and gain/gram ingested protein. These correlations were observed for similar protein/calorie ratios regardless of the dietary levels of protein and lipid.
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  • 41
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    Regional distribution and thickness of post-Palaeozoic sediments on the continental margin of southern Africa (1973)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 110 (02). p. 97.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The asymmetry of the continental margin around southern Africa can be related to Mesozoic sediment thicknesses, which were in turn controlled by the local structural setting. On the west coast, the Orange Basin sediments were built out as a thick wedge over the margin of the continent by discharge from the Orange River, whereas on the Agulhas Bank, sedimentation was confined to continental areas. Off the east coast the extremely narrow margin of the continent did not form an effective trap for sediments, which were readily carried beyond it. Cainozoic sediments are thin, and modify the Mesozoic sediment pile only locally on the outer shelf and slope.
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  • 42
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    Essential Fatty Acids in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Growth, Feed Conversion and Some Gross Deficiency Symptoms (1972)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  The Journal of Nutrition, 102 (1). pp. 77-85.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
    Description: Experiments are described to define further the fatty acid requirements of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In all cases, feeding semipurified diets containing no polyunsaturated fatty acids resulted in poor growth and feed conversion. Linolenic acid was superior to linoleic in stimulating growth and improving feed conversion. The requirement of linolenic acid (ω3 fatty acids) for rainbow trout is 1% of the diet or approximately 2.7% of the dietary calories. Essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms that were cured or prevented by linolenic acid included fin erosion, heart myopathy, and a shock syndrome. It is concluded that linolenic acid has an essential role in rainbow trout similar to that assigned to linoleic acid in man and higher animals.
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  • 43
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    The Significance of Squid, Whale and Other Remains From the Stomachs of Bottom-Living Deep-Sea Fish (1972)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 52 (03). p. 599.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Twenty-four out of 240 fishes caught by bottom lines at 366–3333 m had something in their stomachs. Stomach contents included parts of cephalopods, fish, cetaceans and bottom-living invertebrates, thin rubber sheet and terrestrial mammal bones. The material provides evidence that four species of cephalopod are at least partially demersal and suggests a means by which the tapeworm Phyllobothrium could pass from its secondary to its primary host. During the five biological cruises of R.R.S. ‘Discovery’ between 1967 and 1971 a total of 31 bottom lines with 1483 hooks were fished in depths of water between 366 and 3333 m. The stomachs of the 240 fish caught were examined and 216 (90%) proved to be empty. The high incidence of empty stomachs is thought to be due to frequent loss of food during the ascent from great depths and accounts for our poor knowledge of the feeding habits of demersal fish living at depths exceeding 400 m. The present collection of food from 25 stomachs (24 from ‘Discovery’ collections and one from a fish caught by Mr G. R. Forster from R. V. ‘Sarsia’) of fish belonging to 11 species (Table 1) probably gives little indication of the usual diet of the fish concerned, but its nature prompts some useful speculation and the rarity of such observations justifies placing them on record (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948; Marshall, 1954). All the fish were caught on lines which lay on the bottom for several hours and it is our firm belief that they were hooked while on or very near the bottom.
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  • 44
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    Model Seismology, Vol. 2, Data Processing and Interpretation (1971)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. IUGG Volume 18, no. 85, pp. 175, (3-7723-6434-9)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Textbook of geophysics ; SEModelling ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Growth and Development of Spirula Spirula (1970)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50 (01). pp. 53-64.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Spirula spirula has stimulated considerable interest since it was first discovered. It is a member of one of the two genera of sepioids to frequent oceanic water (the other being Heteroteuthis); it has a unique spiral shell which acts as a buoyancy mechanism and can withstand considerable pressure (Denton, Gilpin-Brown & Howarth, 1967); and, until the capture by the Danish Oceanographical expeditions it was considered very rare, only 12 specimens having been captured. The Dana expeditions caught 193 individuals from 1909 to 1931 and these were described by Kerr (1931) and Bruun (1943,1955). Most of these were caught in the waters around the Canary Islands of the North Atlantic. Bruun (1943) arranged the specimens according to month and size and claimed that two size groups could be distinguished. The specimens were taken over a wide geographical area, in several years and during the months of February (1 specimen), March (40), April (3), May (8), June (1), August (1) and October (23). His conclusion concerning growth depends entirely upon his decision to split the March sample into two year-groups; those above 1.9 cm in ventral mantle length he put in a separate year-class to those below 1.9 cm in ventral mantle length. This division was arbitrary and, one suspects, based on a belief that a one-year life-span was likely. Clearly the growth of Spirula requires further study based on a larger collection and the present paper is an attempt to fulfil this need.
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  • 46
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    Der Meeresboden als Rohstoffquelle und die Konzentrierungsverfahren der Natur (1970)
    Wiley
    In:  Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik, 42 (23). A2091-A2102.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-16
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