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  • Articles  (49)
  • 07.65
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Springer  (49)
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • Physics  (49)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of the Amino-Terminal β-Barrel Domain of the α and β Subunits in the Yeast F1-ATPase (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 31 (1999), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: F1-ATPase ; β-barrel domain ; mitochondria ; assembly ; yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of mitochondrial F1-ATPase indicatesthat the α and β subunits fold into a structure defined by threedomains: the top β-barrel domain, the middle nucleotide-binding domain,and the C-terminal α-helix bundle domain (Abraham et al.1994); Bianchet et al., 1998). The β-barrel domains of theα and β subunits form a crown structure at the top ofF1, which was suggested to stabilize it (Abraham et al.1994). In this study. the role of the β-barrel domain in the α andβ subunits of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae F1,with regard to its folding and assembly, was investigated. The β-barreldomains of yeast F1 α and β subunits were expressedindividually and together in Escherichia coli. When expressedseperately, the β-barrel domain of the β subunit formed a largeaggregate structure, while the domain of the α subunit waspredominately a monomer or dimer. However, coexpression of the β-barreldomain of α subunit domain. Furthermore, the two domains copurified incomplexes with the major portion of the complex found in a small molecularweight form. These results indicate that the β-barrel domain of theα and β subunits interact specifically with each other and thatthese interactions prevent the aggregation of the β-barrel domain of theβ subunit. These results mimic in vivo results and suggest thatthe interactions of the β-barrel domains may be critical during thefolding and assembly of F1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005443609985
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-order Zeeman effect of theX−B transition in molecular iodine (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Saturated absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the line shape of the molecular iodineX(ν″ = 0,J″ = 13,15) →B(ν′ = 43,J′ = 12, 16) transition (λ = 514.5 nm) in a transversal magnetic field as high as 0.51 T. The Zeeman structure of several hyperfine structure (hfs) components was completely resolved and a detailed study of the second-order Zeeman shift and splitting was made. The anisotropic Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) of the molecular iodine both in theB(43) (X′ = 7.3 ± 1 × 10−34 J/Oe2) and theX(0) [χ″ = (0.6 ± 1) × 10−34 J/Oe2] states as well as the isotropic MS difference [χ′0 −χ″o = (2 ± 0.2) × 10−34 J/Oe2] was measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional quenching lifetime measurement of OH:A 2 Σ +(υ′ = 1) and NO:A 2 Σ(υ′ = 0) in atmospheric-pressure flames (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 34.00 ; 42.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Planar laser-induced fluorescence is currently widely applied to research on combustion. However, conventional approaches for semi-quantitative measurement could not provide the satisfactory solution and the problem due to collisional quenching remains to be solved. This paper describes the two-dimensional (2D) quenching-time-constant measurement of OH:A 2 Σ +(υ′ = 1) and NO:A 2 Σ(υ′ = 0) in flame cross sections at atmospheric pressure. These measurements involve 1–2 ns decay time of the excited state using a high-speed image intensifier and a tunable laser with a pulse duration of 3 ns at FWHM. The correlation factors of the exponential fits for the fluorescence decays after the laser pulse were larger than 0.999 in all experiments presented in this study. Furthermore, the measured Stern-Volmer plots of the quenching rate at 1.0, 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 atm pressure using the same experimental apparatus was confirmed to have a linear relationship for both OH and NO, showing that the 2D decay-time measurements of 1–2 ns have been successful. For NO:A 2 Σ(υ′ = 0), the obtained quenching rates inside the inner cone and in the outer flame in the NO-seeded methane-air Bunsen flame were 8.7 × 108 and 7.8 × 108 s−1, respectively, and for OH:A 2 Σ(υ′ = 1), the obtained quenching rate mapping in the outer flame was around 5.6 × 108 s−1 in the methane-air flame.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080953
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diode laser spectrometer for high-resolution spectroscopy in the visible range (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.60.Da
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high-resolution diode laser spectrometer operating at 657 nm is described. To achieve a narrow linewidth and a high power, a master-slave laser system is employed. The master laser is an extended cavity diode laser whose linewidth is reduced to less than 100 Hz by the FM sideband technique. The slave laser is an AR-coated diode laser and characteristics of injection locking are experimentally studied. The injection current of the slave laser is utilized to stabilize the output power or to produce pulsed output. Using this spectrometer, we probed the intercombination line of Ca and observed high-contrast optical Ramsey fringes with a linewidth of 10 kHz. A velocity-selective Ramsey fringe is also observed in the pulse-mode operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833796
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy in resolution of pressure and modulation broadened spectra (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical and experimental results for modulation absorption spectroscopy (with simultaneous amplitude and wavelength modulations) are given, with particular emphasis on the effects of pressure and modulation broadening. As expected, such broadening effects result in a loss of resolution of nearly overlapping lines, whether these are from one or more absorbing species. The effects of phase-sensitive detection at harmonics greater than the commonly used second are investigated. It is shown that when detection is performed at higher harmonics, one is able to counter the loss of resolution due to pressure and modulation broadening. Applications in measurements of congested spectra, and in the simultaneous measurement of more than one species, are discussed. Other general characteristics of signals obtained by using higher-harmonic detection are also discussed, together with corresponding applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833798
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cylindrical liquid-core waveguide (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.10 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A novel concept for a liquid-core lightguide in cylindrical symmetry is presented. For a concrete 17 cm long device using water as a core and the transparent fluorinated polymer Teflon as a cladding layer, the coupling efficiency and guiding properties are investigated theoretically and compared with experimental results. The guide is found to exhibit low losses. A possible application of this type of guide is investigated by replacing the optical cell of a standard UV/VIS spectrometer by the cylindrical liquid-core waveguide. An increasing sensitivity for especially low concentrations of a polluting dye by a factor of about 15 is observed. Concentrations as low as a few parts per billion of the pollutant can be detected with a good signal-to-noise ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112830
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linewise Raman-Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature measurements in flames using an unintensified charge-coupled device (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 78.30 ; 82.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract One-dimensional, spatially resolved (linewise), temporally averaged Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature measurements with 200 μm spatial resolution and 6% precision uncertainty are demonstrated in an opposed-jet-diffusion flame of air vs N2-diluted H2 using the Raman-Stokes/anti-Stokes technique. The Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature profile is compared to temperature measurements obtained using all major species'Q-branches and differences between the two sets of results are discussed. In addition, single-pulse, linewise measurements with 710 μm spatial resolution and 19% precision uncertainty are also demonstrated. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of linewise Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature measurements in flames. Simultaneous measurements of the N2 Stokes and anti-Stokes vibrationalQ-branches are obtained by using an unintensified Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) that is gated by a ferro-electric liquid crystal light valve and/or a low duty cycle optical chopper to suppress detected flame luminosity. This detection system provides increased detection efficiency, dynamic range, and imaged spectral range over an intensified CCD, allowing spatially resolved Stokes and anti-Stokes signals to be imaged onto one detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081243
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive density-fluctuation measurements using wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with high-order-harmonic detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss experimental and theoretical results which show that when wavelength-modulation spectroscopy is used to monitor concentration fluctuations of gaseous species, greater sensitivity may be obtained if one uses high-order detection. We also show that, depending on the ambient concentration being monitored, there are regions in which the commonly used second derivative would show a negligible variation of signal magnitude with concentration fluctuations, whereas measurement with a higher harmonic would result in a much improved signal. Theoretical results for the measurements of any transition that can be described by the Voigt profile are given. The technique discussed is illustrated by presenting the results of measurements of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy of lines in the oxygenA band. Different detection harmonic orders are suitable for different ambient concentrations, and a related criterion that helps in the determination of a suitable detection harmonic order is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080955
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute intensity measurement of aυ 3 ozone line at saturated vapor pressure with a laser heterodyne spectrometer (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 33.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A laser heterodyne spectrometer had been developed ten years ago at the Reims GSMA laboratory (France). This high-resolution spectrometer is used for the first time to carry out absolute intensity measurements. This type of spectrometer exhibits a well-known and very narrow apparatus function (0.0002cm−1). Spectra of ozone were recorded at saturated vapor pressures of ozone at liquid argon temperature and the low pressures were checked by ultraviolet absorption. Results concerning theυ 3 (10, 5, 6) → (9, 5, 5) ozone line are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095270
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of the second-order Stark effect of theX-B transition in molecular iodine (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The second-order Stark shift of the components of the hyperfine structure of the transition1∑ g + (υ″ = 0,j″ = 13, 15) →3∏ ou + (υ′ = 43,j′ = 12, 16) (of molecular iodine have been studied by means of saturated absorption spectroscopy in an external cell with the I2 vapour located in an electric field. The anisotropic polarizabilities of the upper and lower levels together with the difference between the isotropic polarizabilities of the levels of the transition have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082071
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution diode-laser spectroscopy on a fast beam of metastable atoms for detecting very rare krypton isotopes (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 07.75 ; 32.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A fast krypton ion beam with an energy of 10 keV is transferred through a mass filter and neutralized in a Rb- (or Cs-) vapour charge exchange cell. The emerging beam of metastable Kr atoms of a selected Kr isotope is collinearly irradiated with a tunable cw GaAlAs diode laser at 811 nm. The spectrum of the 1s 5–2p 9 transition covers ∼ 10 GHz and consists of one line each for the five stable isotopes of Kr with even mass number and 15 hyperfine structure lines of83Kr. The individual lines are recorded by detecting the fluorescence signal perpendicular to the beams. Photons are guided to the PM tube by diffuse reflection from a high reflectance thermoplastics light collector. Up to 20 photons per atom are emitted by cycling between the two states during the flight time of 1.2 µs through the detector. The observed absorption linewidth of 100 MHz is a combination of laser linewidth and energy uncertainty in the fast atomic beam. In order to achieve maximum isotope selectivity the beam energy has to be adjusted in such a way that the Doppler shifted lines of all isotopes form an optimum pattern for detecting the very rare isotopes81Kr and85Kr in natural environmental samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081274
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of methane in air using diode-laser pumped difference-frequency generation near 3.2 μm (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 553-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectroscopic detection of the methane in natural air using an 800 nm diode laser and a diode-pumped 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser to produce tunable light near 3.2 µm is reported. The lasers were pump sources for ring-cavity-enhanced tunable difference-frequency mixing in AgGaS2. IR frequency tuning between 3076 and 3183 cm−1 was performed by crystal rotation and tuning of the extended-cavity diode laser. Feedback stabilization of the IR power reduced intensity noise below the detector noise level. Direct absorption and wavelength-modulation (2f) spectroscopy of the methane in natural air at 10.7 kPa (80 torr) were performed in a 1 m single-pass cell with 1 µW probe power. Methane has also been detected using a 3.2 µm confocal build-up cavity in conjunction with an intracavity absorption cell. The best methane detection limit observed was 12 ppb m (Hz.)−1/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091213
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute concentration measurements of C2 in a diamond CVD reactor by laser-induced fluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 585-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 33.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By use of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) the absolute concentration of the C2 radical in a microwave excited diamond chemical vapour deposition plasma has been measured for the first time. LIF spectra of thed 3 Π g–a 3 Π u (1,0) Swan band near 473 nm were recorded and synthesized theoretically allowing the plasma temperature of 2100 ± 200 K to be inferred. Quenching rates were determined from time-resolved measurements of the fluorescence decay. By calibrating the LIF detection system, using spontaneous Raman scattering in H2 in the reactor vessel, the absolute concentration of C2 was determined to be (7.5 ± 1.7) × 1010 cm−3. Observations of the C2 density under varying plasma conditions are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091217
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Raman shift of the C60 tangentialA g mode (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 65.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fullerence C60 exhibits a continuous and reversibleA g (2) mode softening from 1469 to 1459 cm−1, which is linear with laser power up to 21.9 kW/cm2 for C60 crystals under vacuum. Model calculations taking into account the temperature distribution that is induced by the Gaussian intensity profile of the laser beam reproduce the measured frequency shifts. A thermal conductivity of microcrystalline fullerene of 0.27(±0.03) W/mK is derived from this numerical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538385
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the possibility of highly selective detection of rare isotopic atoms by means of resonant laser light pressure (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The application of laser deceleration and monochromatization of atoms in the schemes of single atom fluorescent detection is examined. The analysis performed shows that the use of resonant-light pressure in experiments with atomic beams enables one to obtain an ultimate value of detection selectivity that ranges from 1013 to 1016.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697336
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogenesis of mitochondria: Defective yeast H+-ATPase assembled in the absence of mitochondrial protein synthesis is membrane associated (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 16 (1984), S. 561-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: H+-ATPase complex ; assembly defect ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; mitochondrial biogenesis ; membrane association
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the extent to which the assembly of the cytoplasmically synthesized subunits of the H+-ATPase can proceed in a mtDNA-less (rho°) strain of yeast, which is not capable of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Three of the membrane sector proteins of the yeast H+-ATPase are synthesized in the mitochondria, and it is important to determine whether the presence of these subunits is essential for the assembly of the imported subunits to the inner mitochondrial membrane. A monoclonal antibody against the cytoplasmically synthesized β-subunit of the H+-ATPase was used to immunoprecipitate the assembled subunits of the enzyme complex. Our results indicate that the imported subunits of the H+-ATPase can be assembled in this mutant, into a defective complex which could be shown to be associated with the mitochondrial membrane by the analysis of the Arrhenius kinetics of the mutant mitochondrial ATPase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00743246
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive laser spectroscopy on trapped barium ions by quenching with hydrogen (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 34 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The sensitivity of laser spectroscopy on barium ions stored in a radio frequency quadrupole trap was drastically increased by using hydrogen for quenching the optically pumped metastable states. The attained fluorescence intensity per ion permits the detection of single ions. The method will be applied to environmental studies on actinides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688481
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 97-105 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 06 ; 07.60 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe a new and highly effective optical frequency discriminator and laser stabilization system based on signals reflected from a stable Fabry-Perot reference interferometer. High sensitivity for detection of resonance information is achieved by optical heterodyne detection with sidebands produced by rf phase modulation. Physical, optical, and electronic aspects of this discriminator/laser frequency stabilization system are considered in detail. We show that a high-speed domain exists in which the system responds to the phase (rather than frequency) change of the laser; thus with suitable design the servo loop bandwidth is not limited by the cavity response time. We report diagnostic experiments in which a dye laser and gas laser were independently locked to one stable cavity. Because of the precautions employed, the observed sub-100 Hz beat line width shows that the lasers were this stable. Applications of this system of laser stabilization include precision laser spectroscopy and interferometric gravity-wave detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702605
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy is a new method of optical heterodyne spectroscopy capable of sensitive and rapid measurement of the absorption or dispersion associated with narrow spectral features. The absorption or dispersion is measured by detecting the heterodyne beat signal that occurs when the FM optical spectrum of the probe wave is distorted by the spectral feature of interest. A short historical perspective and survey of the FM spectroscopy work performed to date is presented. Expressions describing the nature of the beat signal are derived. Theoretical lineshapes for a variety of experimental conditions are given. A signal-to-noise analysis is carried out to determine the ultimate sensitivity limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688820
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field effect measurements by time-selective absorption sampling (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 15-17 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 35 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An absorption method which permits time-selective measurements at different wavelengths has been developed in order to explore magnetic field effects on photoinduced electron transfer reactions in linked and unlinked donor-acceptor systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693901
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  • 21
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    Picosecond spectroscopy of intermolecular interactions in dye solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 99-104 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Some new experimental data on the time development of ultrashort superfluorescence (SF) in the dye solution are presented. The correlation between temporal behaviour change and the change of the spectral and spatial intensity distribution gives direct evidence of the important role of the selffocusing phenomenon in the formation of the ultrashort SF pulse synchronized with the pumping one. The oriental relaxation of solvent molecules in the dye solution not only influences the duration of the dye SF via the selffocusing mechanism but also causes a temporal change of spontaneous emission spectrum. At least two different relaxation times were found in the fluorescence spectrum of the dye in several polar solutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688484
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization holography for measuring photoinduced optical anisotropy (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 93-95 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.40 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new experimental method for measuring the optical anisotropy induced at photochemical reactions is proposed. The method is based on polarization holography and is a zero-background high sensitive technique. It is used to measure the molecular dichroism of fluorescein and the birefrigence induced at the additional photopolymerization of PMMA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688550
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the optothermal detector for absorption spectroscopy in the low pressure range (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 39-42 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To use the sensitivity and the measurement accuracy of the optothermal detector (OT) better for linear absorption detection, a theory of the signal behaviour, worth for the most important range of application, is developed and compared with experimental data. By means of the example of CO2-laser light absorption by ammonia, containing two different nitrogen isotopes, the possibility of correcting measured values to get more exact information of the absorption behaviour is shown. The limits of error, as well as the reproducibility of the measurments could be kept in a range of about 1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697294
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  • 24
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    An anomalous correlator of resonantly scattered light (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 83-91 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 06 ; 35 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The space-time properties of the correlator of the light intensities scattered from resonant atoms are studied. It is shown that in measuring such a correlator by the method of optical shifts, an appreciable contribution appears from the anomalous correlator of the scattered field amplitudes. It is simple to observe this correlator in the field of a standing wave by measuring the correlation of oppositely scattered rays. The spectral and polarization properties of such a correlator are studied. Its investigation is of interest for high-resolution spectroscopy because it allows information to be obtained on the natural width of a line in conditions of strong Doppler broadening. It is important to stress that this is possible in a linear approximation with respect to the strength of the external field in contrast to the methods of laser spectroscopy based on nonlinear effects.
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    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 172-179 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.65
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    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697843
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    Photoionization and fragmentation of alkali metal clusters in supersonic molecular beams (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 55-61 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 36 ; 07.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A supersonic molecular beam, pulsed laser and time-of-flight mass spectrometer are arranged together in order to study photo- and auto-ionization, two-photon-ionization and fragmentation processes of alkali clusters as a function of the laser wavelength. In spite of an unfavourable duty cycle, however, the apparatus reaches a considerably higher sensitivity than cw experiments. Alkali clustersM n (n≲21) have been observed and investigated. The well resolved TOF mass spectra are commonly accompanied by significant and broad signals of metastable ions, a phenomenon which cannot be observed by quadrupole mass spectrometry. ParticlesM n (n≲4) have been investigated by twophoton ionization using two different laser wavelengths. Several new electronic transitions for Na3 are found; commonly, however, the excitation and ionization channels are accompanied by strong fragmentation processes. The fragment patterns are very sensitively dependent upon the laser wavelength even when working near the ionization threshold. The results are a strong indication, that the peak intensities of cluster mass spectra cannot easily be related to the intensity distribution of the neutral cluster beam.
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    Trapping of ions from high energy sources into a radiofrequency ion trap (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 89-92 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An attempt is described to confine ions, created externally and accelerated to some energy, in an rf quadrupole trap. 4 keV Ba+ ions were stopped on a Ni foil, placed in an aperture of one trap electrode. The Ba then was evaporated from the heated foil and ionized by electron impact. At background pressure of about 10−5 mbar of various light buffer gases (He, H2, N2), the trap was filled once with 105 ions, at a minimum primary ion number of 1010. The storage time was 10 min. From the data obtained the possibility of spectroseopic experiments on rare isotopes, created with accelerators or nuclear reactors, is discussed.
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    Laser spectroscopy (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 190-197 
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697845
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    Nonlinear spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 81-91 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 07.65
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697833
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  • 30
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    Sub-Doppler excited molecule energy transfer spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 153-156 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.80 ; 07.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sub-Doppler spectroscopic technique involving the detection of vibrational energy transfer in excited molecules with selected velocity components at a microphone diaphragm is demonstrated. The technique is applied to the investigation of thev 3 R(16) transition in HCN and the results compared with a previously derived theoretical model.
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    Generation, stabilization, and amplification of subpicosecond pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 319-326 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sync-pumped cw dye laser system has been used to produce subpicosecond pulses. Pulses as short as 0.7 ps, assuming a single-sided exponential pulse shape, were observed. A set of experiments was performed to investigate the origin and effects of noise in the sync-pumped system. A digital and an analog feedback loop have been designed to optimize the pulse width. The noise has been lowered by 10 dB for frequencies up to 10 kHz; long-term drift is also controlled by this method. A four-stage dye laser amplifier, pumped by a Nd:YAG laser which operates at a 10-Hz repetition rate, is synchronized electronically to the dye-laser picosecond pulses. A gain of 3×106 has been achieved.
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  • 32
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    Harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers —two-tone modulation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 279-285 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The minimum absorption detectable by a tunable diode laser spectrometer utilising harmonic techniques is often limited by interference fringes generated by scattered light. The sensitivity of the spectrometer to absorption can be increased by applying a jitter modulation. In this paper, the theory of harmonic response for single- and two-tone modulation over optical fringes and Lorentzian absorption lines is developed and compared to experimental measurements. A simple analytic expression for the two-tone harmonic line shape is derived. This expression provides a physical understanding of the effects of the second modulation, and a means to unravel the effects of the second modulation on the linewidth and line shape. For a specific choice of the jitter frequency and phase, it is possible to simultaneously minimise the fringe signal and increase the harmonic absorption signal. The results of this investigation are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic techniques are used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689188
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    New results on vibrational population decay in simple liquids (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 213-218 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 34 ; 35 ; 07.65
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    Notes: Abstract The population lifetimes of the symmetric CH2-stretching mode of several methylene halides were measured after infrared excitation by spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering of delayed picosecond probe pulses. Data ranging from 6.5 to 45 ps are reported. The results give evidence for vibrational energy transfer via anharmonic coupling to neighbouring vibrational combination bands and overtones.
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    The reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from a ubiquinone-deficient mutant ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 14 (1982), S. 159-169 
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    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Respiratory chain ; ATP synthesis ; mitochondria ; ubiquinone ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cytochrome oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondria, isolated from the ubiquinone-deficient nuclear mutant ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae E3-24, are practically unable to oxidize exogenous substrates. Respiratory activity, coupled to ATP synthesis, can, however, be reconstituted by the simple addition of ethanolic solutions of ubiquinones. A minimal length of the isoprenoid side chain (≥3) was required for the restoration. Saturation of the reconstitution required a large amount of exogeneous ubiquinone, in excess over the normal content present in the mitochondria of the wild type strain. A similar pattern of reconstituted activities could be also obtained using sonicated inverted particles. Mitochondria and sonicated particles are also able to carry out a dye-mediated electron flow coupled to ATP synthesis in the absence of added ubiquinone, using ascorbate or succinate as electron donor. This demonstrates that the energy conserving mechanism at the third coupling site of the respiratory chain is fully independent of the presence of the large mobile pool of ubiquinone in the membrane.
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    Second-harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers — Comparison of experiment and theory (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 203-210 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments are carried out by current modulating a tunable diode laser, and slowly ramping the wavelength to scan weak absorption lines in gases at pressures ranging from 2 to 60 Torr. A lock-in amplifier detects the second harmonic (2f) of the modulation frequency, and the experimental 2f signals are compared with theory. Detailed measurements are made on Lorentzian, Voigt, and Gaussian line profiles, over a wide range of modulation amplitudes. Excellent agreement between experiment and calculation is obtained in all cases. This quantitative understanding enables one to derive true lineshapes and linewidths of very weak absorption lines from measurements of 2f lineshapes only. Results are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic detection techniques are routinely employed to monitor weak signals.
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    Observation of Ramsey resonance absorption in three separated laser fields produced by a corner reflector (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 11-12 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 07.65 ; 33.90
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental observation of optical Ramsey interference in saturated absorption of methane in a low-pressure gas cell with three spacially separated laser beams at 3.39 μm is reported.
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    Microwave verification of a numerical optimization of fourier gratings (1981)
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 147-150 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.10
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    Notes: Abstract A recent holographic technique makes it possible to manufacture a new kind of grating, the “Fourier grating”, whose profile is given by a superposition of a fundamental and a finite number of harmonics. A local theoretical optimization shows that this type of grating can have an efficiency better, than that of the echelette, for a broad wavelength range. In this paper, we show the validity of this theoretical prediction by an experimental verification in the microwave region.
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    Frequency dependence of resonant photoacoustic cells: The extended Helmholtz resonator (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 221-229 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 43.85
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    Notes: Abstract Photoacoustic cells consisting of two chambers connected by a long narrow tube were studied at room temperature. Amplitude and phase angle of the PA signal were measured as a function of chopping frequency, tube length and buffer gas. Multipleresonance spectra were observed which can be interpreted quantitatively by a modified model of the acoustic Helmholtz resonator. The theoretical description is based on the analogy to the electrical transmission line theory.
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    Sub-doppler optothermal spectroscopy (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 407-409 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 82.50
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report about possibilities of application of the optothermal detector (OT) for sub-Doppler spectroscopy experiments. Investigating transitions of SF6 in the 10 μm region we demonstrate two variants of obtaining high-frequency resolution-using a standing or a travelling wave.
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    High-power tunable IR Raman and optically pumped molecular lasers for spectroscopy (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 173-180 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 07.65
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    Notes: Abstract Recent developments of tunable IR compressed-H2 and liquid-N2 Raman Lasers as well as resonantly pumped NH3 lasers are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on research carried out at the Quantum Radiophysics Laboratory of the Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow.
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    Application of pressure-tuned diode lasers to high-resolution spectroscopy (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 241-243 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract The application of the high-pressure chamber with a pressure transmitting medium (liquid at room temperature) to diode-laser tuning was found to be a useful method for high-resolution spectroscopy. Ammonia absorbtion spectra in the 10 μm region were recorded with a resolution approaching the Doppler limit.
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    Multi-photoelectron fluorescence selective detection of single atoms by laser radiation (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 245-250 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 32
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    Notes: Abstract The results of fluorescence detection of single Na atoms in atomic beams have been presented. It has been shown that, in recording single atoms via the fluorescence signal from the photoelectron of thek〉1 atom, it is possible to achieve extremely high selectivity (S≃1020) of detection of these atoms against a great number of other atoms. The probability of recording the atom is slightly decreased.
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    Signal preprocessing for digital correlators (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 251-256 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 06.50 ; 07.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The input format of fast digital correlators, such as used in photon correlation or recurrence rate correlation, is often exceeded by input signals, if high count rates coincide with sample times of the order of several hundred nanoseconds or more. Clipping, random clipping, and scaling are well known methods to reduce such signals appropriately. We discuss these procedures with special attention to noise performance possible errors introduced into the correlogram. Generalizations from single to multi-bit correlators are presented with a thorough discussion of random preset scaling, a new process suitable for multi-bit correlation of signals with arbitrary statistics. Furthermore we describe a new additional preprocessor which offers significant decrease of quantization noise, if constant background contributions are present in the signal. Though demonstrated on optical measurements, the methods treated in this paper generally apply, whenever the format of digital data has to be reduced prior to correlation.
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    Time averaging by means of a computer controlled dye-laser spectrometer (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 361-364 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.80 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The noise characteristic of available laser sources limits the sensitivity of saturated absorption spectroscopy. Time averaging is one method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A computer controlled dye-laser spectrometer is described which has the capability to scan several times any selected frequency range with an absolute accuracy of ±200 kHz. The sensitivity of this system is demonstrated by measuring the isotope shift of the low abundant38Ar and by detecting a weak83Kr-hyperfine component.
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    Infrared laser stark spectroscopy of ammonia (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 181-189 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Refined values for molecular constants of14NH3 and less precise values for those of15NH3 and14NH2D were obtained with laser Stark spectroscopy.
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    Theory of optical ramsey resonance in three separated fields produced by a corner reflector (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 1-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 07.65 ; 33.90
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the optical Ramsey resonance signal of two-level molecules in three separated fields consisting of one standing wave and two traveling waves of opposite directions with each other. Their separations and phase differences are given by a corner reflector. The transition probability of a molecule that traverses the three interaction regions is calculated by using an optical Bloch vector formalism. It is then integrated over distributions of molecular velocities and positions to evaluate the signal observed with a gas cell. The result is applied to compute the optical Ramsey resonance signal in the absorption line of CH4 at 3.39 μm. Variations of the Ramsey resonance lineshape and the intensity with the gas pressure and the field intensity are obtained.
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    Backward echo and FID in two-level systems (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 433-437 
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    Keywords: 07.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Generation of backward photon echoes and proposed backward optical free induction decays is discussed in detail. Separation of the signals from excitation pulses by propagation and polarization directions suggests a new field of picosecond experiments.
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    Brewster window and windowless resonant spectrophones for intracavity operation (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 319-326 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 06 ; 07.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a new design for an acoustically resonant spectrophone well suited for intracavity operation with widely tunable lasers. Operation with Brewster angle windows or in a windowless mode is possible, and high quality factors (560 and 509, respectively) are achieved. Windowless operation permits continuous monitoring of ambient air. We discuss factors limiting the sensitivity, ∼10−7 cm−1, and present a double chopping scheme capable of significantly reducing the acoustical background encountered in windowless operation. The sensitivity of the spectrophone's performance to misalignment is also examined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00914918
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    Studies of molecular relaxation by infrared and microwave coherent transients (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 29-34 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Novel techniques to observe coherent transients are successfully demonstrated on microwave transitions of NH3, H2O, OCS, and O2. The relaxation rate constants in thev 2 excited state of NH3 are obtained by infrared experiments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886480
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