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  • taxonomy  (67)
  • morphology  (55)
  • Springer  (114)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2000-2004  (114)
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  • Springer  (114)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biogeography, geographic variation and habitat preference in the Amazilia Hummingbird,Amazilia amazilia Lesson (Aves: Trochilidae), with notes on the status ofAmazilia alticola Gould (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 141 (2000), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): Biogeography ; geographic variation ; taxonomy ; Amazilia ; Trochilidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie stellt die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen zur Biogeographie, geographischen Variation, Habitatwahl und Taxonomie der Lesson-Amazilie (Amazilia amazilia) vor. Das Taxon umfaßt gegenwärtig fünf Unterarten, die von W-Ecuador bis SW-Peru verbreitet sind und überwiegend submontane Lebensräume besiedeln. Die Ventralfärbung unterliegt klinaler Variation; weiße Gefiederanteile nehmen von nördlichen zu südlichen Populationen ab, rotbraune Partien dagegen zu. Eigenständige morphologisch-morphometrische Kennzeichen sowie Unterschiede in den Habitatpräferenzen und in der Gesangsstruktur rechtfertigen es, die bisherige UnterartA. a. alticola als Paraspezies (A. alticola, Loja-Amazilie) anzuerkennen. Der Vulgärname weist auf den rezenten Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in den südecuadorianischen Anden hin. Aufgrund der engen Verwandtschaft bildenA. amazilia undA. alticola sowie die in Kolumbien endemische ArtA. castaneiventris eine Superspezies.
    Notizen: Summary This paper reviews the biogeography, geographic variation, and habitat characteristics of the Amazilia Hummingbird (Amazilia amazilia). Based on morphological features, habitat preferences, and bioacoustics, I propose that the currently recognized subspeciesA. a. alticola should be regarded as a species distinct fromA. amazilia. Synapomorphic characters found in both taxa indicate membership of the same superspecies, together with the Colombian speciesA. castaneiventris. Considering the distributional focus ofA. alticola in the Andes of southern Ecuador, the English species name Loja Hummingbird is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651776
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calls of the Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos s.l.) as a taxonomic character (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 141 (2000), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): East Asia ; taxonomy ; species delimitation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Über die Gliederung der ostasiatischen Dickschnabelkrähen (Corvus macrorhynchos s.l.) in Biospezies besteht bisher keine einhellige Meinung. In dem großen Verbreitungsgebiet zwischen Indien, Japan und Timor werden gegenwärtig eine, zwei oder drei Arten anerkannt. Hier versuchen wir, in akustischen Merkmalen artanzeigende Merkmale zu finden. Eine Diskriminanzanalyse der Rufstruktur (76 Parameter) trennt dreiCorvus-Taxa (levaillantii undjaponensis aus der ‘macrorhynchos-Gruppe’,splendens) von der Südabdachung des Himalaya (Nepal, Kashmir) vollständig voneinander. BeiC. japonensis bleiben die trennenden Merkmale über große geographische Gebiete konstant. Die akustischen Unterschiede werden als taxonomisch relevant angesehen; sie zeigen Artgrenzen an. Folglich werden die Dickschnabelkrähen aus den Tief- und Hochlagen Nepals (Kontaktzone um 2 000 m) zwei Biospezies zugeordnet (C. japonensis undC. levaillantii), in Übereinstimmung mit morphologischen, ökologischen und parasitologischen Daten. Taxonomische Extrapolation der Befunde auf die Systematik anderer ‘macrorhynchos’-Populationen erscheint über die Rufstruktur (bis zum Fernen Osten Rußlands) und über Federling-Parasiten (Mallophaga) auf große Teile SO-Asiens möglich, bedarf aber für die stimmlichen Merkmale noch weiterer Klärung. Wahrscheinlich müssen immacrorhynchos-Komplex mindestens drei biologische Arten anerkannt werden (C. japonensis, C. levaillantii, C. macrorhynchos s. str.).
    Notizen: Summary A discriminant analysis of the call structure completely separates threeCorvus taxa (levaillantii andjaponensis of the ‘macrorhynchos group’,splendens) inhabiting the southern slopes of the Himalayas (Nepal, Kashmir). The acoustic differences are considered taxonomically relevant, indicating species boundaries. Therefore the Jungle Crows of lower and upper Nepal (contact zone at around 2,000 m) are assigned to two biospecies (C. japonensis andC. levaillantii), as is consistent with morphological, ecological and parasitological data. It appears possible to extrapolate the findings regarding call structure to the systematics of other ‘macrorhynchos’ populations as distant as the Russian Far East, and those regarding mallophagan parasites to large areas of SE Asia; regarding the vocal characteristics, however, further clarification is needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462237
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Questioning species realities (2000)
    Springer
    Conservation genetics 1 (2000), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9737
    Schlagwort(e): mitochondrial DNA ; phylogeny ; phylogeography ; speciation ; species concepts ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010133721121
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Submersible observations of Equatorial Atlantic mantle: The St. Paul Fracture Zone region (2000)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 21 (2000), S. 529-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Schlagwort(e): Structure ; morphology ; petrology ; peridotite-basalt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The St. Paul F.Z. is a large structural domain made up of multiple transform faults interrupted by several Intra-Transform Ridge (ITR) spreading segments. Two regions were studied in details by submersible: (1) The ITR short (〈20 km in length) segment near 0° 37′N–25° 27′W and 1° N–27° 42′W and (2) The St. Peter and St. Paul's Rocks (SPPR) massif located at 29° 25′W (¡3700 m depth). (1) The short ITR segments consist of a magma starved rift valley with recent volcanic activities at 4700 m depth. A geological profile made along the rift valley wall showed localized volcanics (basalts and dykes) which are believed to overlay and intrude the ultramafics. The geological setting and the high ultramafic/volcanic ratio suggest an extremely low magmatic supply and crustal-mantle uplift during lithospheric stretching and denudation. (2) The St. Peter and St. Paul's Rocks (SPPR) massif consists of a sigmoidal ridge within the active transform zone. The SPPR is divided into two different geological domains called the North and the South Ridges. The North Ridge consists of strongly tectonized fault scarps composed of banded and mylonitized peridotite, sporadic gabbros (3900–2500 m) and metabasalts (2700–1700 m). The South Ridge is less tectonized with undeformed, serpentinized spinel lherzolite (2000–1400 m) and basalts. Extensional motion and denudation accompanied by diapirism affected the South Ridge within a transform domain. Instead, the North Ridge was formed during an important strike-slip and faulting motion resulting in the uplifted portion of the St. Paul F.Z. transverse ridge. There is a regional compositional variation of the volcanics where E-MORBs and alkali basalts are produced on the SPPR massif and are comparable to the adjacent northern segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. On the other hand, N and T- MORBs collected from the eastern part of the St. Paul F.Z. (25° 27′ W IRT) are similar to the volcanics from the southern segments of the MAR. The peridotites exposed in these provinces (SPPR and ITR) are similar in their REE and trace element distribution. Different degrees (3–15%) of partial melting of a mixed composite mantle consisting of spinel and amphibole bearing lherzolite veined with 5–40% clinopyroxenite gave rise to the observed MORBs and alkali basalts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004819701870
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Building on Bedrock: William Steel Creighton and the Reformation of Ant Systematics, 1925–1970 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 27-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Schlagwort(e): ants ; E. O. Wilson ; Ernst Mayr ; systematics ; Systematics and the Origin of Species ; taxonomy ; William L. Brown ; William Morton Wheeler ; William Steel Creighton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geschichte
    Notizen: Abstract Ideas about the natural world are intertwined with the personalities, practices, and the workplaces of scientists. The relationships between these categories are explored in the life of the taxonomist William Steel Creighton. Creighton studied taxonomy under William Morton Wheeler at Harvard University. He took the rules he learned from Wheeler out of the museum and into the field. In testing the rules against a new situation, Creighton found them wanting. He sought a new set of taxonomic principles, one he eventually found in Ernst Mayr's Systematics and the Origin of Species. Mayr's ideas tied together a number of themes running through Creighton's life: the need for a revised taxonomy, the emphasis on fieldwork, and the search for a new power center for ant taxonomy after Wheeler died. Creighton's adoption of Mayr's ideas as part of his professional identity also had very real implications for his career path: field studies required long and intensive studies, and Creighton would always be a slow worker. His method of taxonomy contrasted sharply not only with Wheeler's but also with two of his younger colleagues, William L. Brown and E. O. Wilson, who took over Wheeler's spot at Harvard in 1950. The disputes between these men over ant taxonomy involved, in addition to questions of technical interest, questions about where and how best to do taxonomy and who could speak withthe most authority. Creighton's story reveals how these questions are interrelated. The story also reveals the importance of Mayr's book for changes occurring in taxonomy in the middle of the twentieth century.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004712911037
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    T.H. Huxley's Criticism of German Cell Theory: An Epigenetic and Physiological Interpretation of Cell Structure (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 247-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Schlagwort(e): cell theory ; morphology ; Thomas Henry Huxley ; physiology ; Schleiden-Schwann cell theory ; Romantic biology ; scientific zoology ; cytology ; preformationism ; natural history ; epigenesis ; Kernmonopol ; histology ; Albert von Kölliker ; embryology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geschichte
    Notizen: Abstract In 1853, the young Thomas Henry Huxley published a long review of German cell theory in which he roundly criticized the basic tenets of the Schleiden-Schwann model of the cell. Although historians of cytology have dismissed Huxley’s criticism as based on an erroneous interpretation of cell physiology, the review is better understood as a contribution to embryology. “The Cell-theory” presents Huxley’s “epigenetic” interpretation of histological organization emerging from changes in the protoplasm to replace the “preformationist” cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann (as modified by Albert vonKölliker), which posited the nucleus as the seat of organic vitality. Huxley’s views influenced a number of British biologists, who continued to oppose German cell theory well into the twentieth century. Yet Huxley was pivotal in introducing the new German program of “scientific zoology” to Britain in the early 1850s,championing its empiricist methodology as a means to enact broad disciplinary and institutional reforms in British natural history.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004881730937
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TMDSC and Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Morphology and Recrystallization in Polyesters Including Oriented Films (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 227-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): atomic force microscopy (AFM) ; morphology ; polyester ; recrystallization ; TMDSC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal and crystal morphological properties of poly[ethylene teraphthalate] (PET) and poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) biaxially oriented films were compared to amorphous and other isotropic semi-crystalline samples. Crystal melting as a function of temperature was characterized by temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) and found to begin just above the glass transition for both oriented films. About 75°C above the glass transitions, substantial exothermic recrystallization begins and continues through the final melting region in oriented films. The maximum in the non-reversing TMDSC signal for the oriented films signifies the maximum recrystallization exothermic activity with peaks at 248°C and 258°C for PET and PEN, respectively. The final melting endotherm detected was 260°C and 270°C for PET and PEN, and is shown by the TMDSC data and by independent rapid heating rate melting point determinations to be due to the melting of species recrystallized during the heating scan. The results are compared with TMDSC data for initially amorphous and melt crystallized samples. The volume fraction of rigid species (Frigid=total crystal fraction plus ‘rigid amorphous or non-crystalline species’) were measured by TMDSC glass transition data, and contrasted with the area fraction of rigid species at the oriented film surface characterized with very high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase data. The data suggest that the 11 nm wide hard domains in PET, and 21 nm wide domains in PEN film detected by AFM consist of both crystal and high stiffness interphase species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148331705
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polypropylene Crystallization in an Ethylene-propylene-diene Rubber Matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 437-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): crystallization ; EPDM ; kinetics ; morphology ; PP ; rubber
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of the incorporation of an amorphous immiscible polymer (ethylene-propylene-diene- terpolymer) on the PP crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics is investigated by thermal analysis. The results of the investigation have shown that EPDM acts as a nucleant agent. A marked decrease of the half time of PP crystallization, τ1/2 , as well as a sensible increase of the overall crystallization rate, K n , has been observed in the presence of EPDM. Moreover, at any crystallization temperature, a minimum of τ1/2 , is obtained at 25% EPDM content in the blend. The Avrami model has been successfully applied to describe the crystallization kinetics of the blend. The kinetic curves obtained under non-isothermal conditions confirm the results obtained under isothermal conditions and demonstrate the nucleant action of the EPDM phase on the PP crystallization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010165317028
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic (2000)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 7 (2000), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Schlagwort(e): flax fibres ; natural fibres ; thermoplastics ; tensile properties ; impact properties ; anisotropy ; electron microscopy ; morphology ; compression moulding ; processing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The use of natural fibres instead of man made fibres, as reinforcements in thermoplastics, gives interesting alternatives for production of low cost and ecologically friendly composites. In this work different commercially available semi-finished natural fibre mat reinforced thermoplastics (NMT) composites have been studied. Mechanical properties and microstructure of different NMT composites were investigated and compared to conventional GMT (glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastic) composites and pure polypropylene (PP). The study included also NMT composites manufacturing processing parameters as processing temperatures and pressure during compression moulding. The results showed that NMT composites have a high stiffness compared to pure polymer and the NMT with a high fibre content (50% by weight) showed even better stiffness than the GMT. The GMT composites had superior strength and impact properties compared to the NMT which might be due to the relatively low strength of the natural fibres but also to poor adhesion to the PP matrix. The NMT materials showed a large dependence on direction and are therefore believed to have more fibres oriented in one direction. The stronger direction (0°) of the NMT was in some cases as much as 45% better than the 90° direction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026546426764
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MoSx Thin Films by Thermolysis of a Single-Source Precursor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 821-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): MoS x ; thin film ; liquid film coating ; thermolysis ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thin films of MoS x have been prepared on silicon substrates by spin coating and thermolysis of 0.5 M solutions of alkyldiammonium tetrathiomolybdates in 1,2-ethanediamine (EDA) and 1,2-propanediamine (12PDA). The films have been heat treated in air at temperatures between 80 and 250°C and under N2 atmosphere at temperatures between 300 and 800°C. X-ray diffraction shows a restricted crystallisation and amorphous residues in both kind of films. EDA-based films exhibit a high tendency to crystallise whereas 12PDA-based films form associated structures with the solvent preventing precursor crystallisation. An insight into the processes occurring in film formation is gained by infrared spectroscopy which indicates a beginning of the decomposition of the 12PDA-based film at temperatures as low as 80°C with incorporation of the diamine solvent. In contrast, the EDA-based films show first signs of a decomposition at 150°C. The decomposition of the intermediate MoS3 in both cases starts between 250 and 300°C. By means of SNMS depth profiles carbon contents up to 21 and 32 atom-% were found in EDA- and 12PDA-based films, respectively. The films show a significant deficit of sulphur which is compensated by the carbon. Near the surface of the coatings a loss of carbon is observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008728604305
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of the Layer Morphology on the Electrical Properties of Sol Gel Transparent Conducting Oxide Coatings (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): morphology ; electrical properties ; transparent conductive coatings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Tranparent conducting coatings have been prepared by sol gel methods either by a conventional sol-gel process (Antimony doped Tin Oxide—ATO, Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide—AZO) or a new wet chemical process using fully dispersed crystalline nanoparticles (ATO, Indium Tin Oxide—ITO). The dip coating technique has been used as deposition technique with single coating thickness varying from a few nanometer to ca. 400 nm. The layers have been fired in a furnace. Structural properties have been determined by x-ray diffraction and TEM analysis and the electrical properties by the van der Pauw/Hall measurement. Three different coating procedures have been used to investigate the effect on the structure, morphology and the electrical properties of the coatings. It is shown that the individual layer thickness in multilayer coatings influences dramatically the mentioned properties. Very thin individual layers favour a heterogeneous nucleation with dense columnar growth of the crystallites leading to low electrical resistivity (ρ ≈ 10−3Ω cm), while thick individual layers result in a porous morphology made of small crystallites leading to resistivities in the 10−2Ω cm range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008747429862
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The First Finding of the Actinia Synandwakia hozawai in the Sea of Okhotsk (2000)
    Springer
    Russian journal of marine biology 26 (2000), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3377
    Schlagwort(e): actinia ; Synandwakia hozawai ; Sea of Okhotsk ; morphology ; nematocysts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The finding of the actinia Synandwakia hozawai in the coastal waters of northern Sakhalin (Sea of Okhotsk) suggests a wider range of this species, which was previously only known to inhabit the coastal waters of eastern Japan. Data are presented on the morphology of the S. hozawai specimen from the Sea of Okhotsk and the types of its nematocysts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009455007047
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two new species and one new variety of Agaricales from central Honshu, Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Agaricales ; Clitocybe trogioides var.odorifera ; Gerronema nemorale ; Psathyrella cineraria ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two new species and one new variety of Agaricales are described and illustrated from central Honshu, Japan:Clitocybe trogioides var.odorifera var. nov. (subgenusCystoclitus sectionCystoclitus), forming white, infundibuliform basidiomata, was collected from leaf litter in theQuercus-Pasania forests;Gerronema nemorale sp. nov. (sectionXanthophylla), forming small, olivaceous, omphalinoid basidiomata, was found on dead fallen twigs in theQuercus-Pasania forests;Psathyrella cineraria sp. nov. (subgenusMycophylla sectionArgillosporae), forming basidiomata covered by detersile, dark grey, fibrillose-squamulose veil, was found on decayed wood ofQuercus myrsinaefolia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464381
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diaporthe kyushuensis sp. nov., the teleomorph of the causal fungus of grapevine swelling arm in Japan, and its anamorphPhomopsis vitimegaspora (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Diaporthe kyushuensis ; grapevine swelling arm ; Phomopsis vitimegaspora ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diaporthe kyushuensis sp. nov. is described and named as the teleomorph of causal fungus of grapevine swelling arm. The anamorph of the fungus isPhomopsis vitimegaspora.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464318
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cronartium orientale, sp. nov., segregation of the pine gall rust in eastern Asia fromCronartium quercuum (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): distribution ; Pinus ; Quercus ; taxonomy ; Uredinales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Asian pine gall rust, which has hitherto been assigned toCronartium quercuum distributed in North America, is described asC. orientale, sp. nov. The spermogonial and aecial states occur on hard pines, and the uredinial and telial states occur on various oaks.Cronartium orientale has globose, almost hyaline basidiospores in contrast to the ellipsoid, yellow-orange ones of North AmericanC. quercuum s.l. Characteristics of the new rust species in morphology, DNA analysis, and host alternation are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464319
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A newLeptographium species associated withTomicus piniperda in south-western China (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Leptographium ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Tomicus piniperda
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tomicus species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are serious pests of pines with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia and America. In Yunnan, south-western China,T. piniperda has destroyed more than 0.5 million ha ofPinus yunnanensis in the past 15 years. A blue stain fungus belonging to the genusLeptographium is associated with both the shoot-feeding and trunk-attacking stages of the beetle's life cycle. The fungus is morphologically similar to the anamorph ofOphiostoma crassivaginatum and toL. pyrinum, which are both characterised by short robust conidiophores and hyphae covered by a granular layer. Both these species have been isolated from conifers and are associated with insects. After comparing the fungus fromT. piniperda with similarLeptographium species, using light and scanning electron microscopy, we concluded that it represents a new taxon, which is described here asL. yunnanense sp. nov.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460923
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogeny ofCyclamen L. (Primulaceae): Evidence from morphology and sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Primulaceae ; Cyclamen ; phylogeny ; rDNA sequences ; ITS ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A molecular phylogenetic study of the genusCyclamen L. (Primulaceae) has been undertaken, based on sequence data from the 5.8S gene in the ribosomal nuclear DNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2. Sequence data from 15 species ofCyclamen and seven outgroup taxa selected from Primulaceae and Myrsinaceae were analyzed phylogenetically. A second analysis based on a combined morphological and molecular dataset was performed to evaluate earlier hypotheses of character evolution in the genus. The results indicate that four monophyletic subgroups may be recognized in the genus, viz.Cyclamen, Psilanthum Schwarz,Eucosme Schwarz andGyrophoebe Schwarz. Each of the four subgenera is diagnosed by distinct basic chromosome number, as well as by morphological and molecular characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985043
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative morphological variation inTetramolopium (Asteraceae) in Hawaii and the Cook Islands (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae ; Tetramolopium ; morphology ; systematics ; Hawaii
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Multivariate analyses of quantitative characters were undertaken to examine the pattern of variation resulting from adaptive radiation ofTetramolopium in Hawaii and to investigate the systematics of an undescribed species in the Cook Islands and a group of populations of uncertain affinity on Kalaupapa Peninsula in Hawaii. Taxa differentiated on quantitative characters in the absence of qualitative characters. Differentiation was observed in multiple characters which could be organized into a few principal components. The analyses supported the species rank of the Cook Islands plants. The relationship of the Kalaupapa Peninsula populations to the rest of the taxa needs further study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086376
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A search for the phylogenetic position of the seven-son flower (Heptacodium, Dipsacales): Combining molecular and morphological evidence (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 225 (2000), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Cladistic analyses ; Dipsacales ; Heptacodium ; morphology ; ndhF ; phylogeny ; rbcL
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A first report on the problematic phylogenetic position ofHeptacodium (2 spp.; China) using molecular data from chloroplast DNA is presented. Amplification of ORF2280 homolog region was executed in a number of representative taxa in order to determine ifHeptacodium shows similar structural rearrangements as other Dipsacales. DNA sequences ofndhF were generated to clarify the phylogenetic position ofHeptacodium among Caprifoliaceae (s.l.). Six outgroup taxa and fifteen representatives of Dipsacales were sampled and more than 2100 basepairs ofndhF sequence were used in a cladistic analysis. Parsimony analysis produced two shortest trees and showedHeptacodium as sister to all members of Caprifoliaceae (s.str.), although weakly supported. Additionally, trees were constructed withndhF data supplemented with availablerbcL sequences and a morphological data set. Results of all analyses support an unresolved basal position forHeptacodium among Caprifoliaceae (s.l.), which in part explains the difficulty experienced previously in classifying the genus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985467
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Species, Demes, and the Omega Taxonomy: Gilmour and The NewSystematics (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 15 (2000), S. 349-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Schlagwort(e): cline ; definition ; deme ; evolutionary synthesis ; experimental taxonomy ; J. Heslop-Harrison ; J.S. Huxley ; J.S.L. Gilmour ; nominalism ; systematics ; Systematics Association ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The word ``deme'' was coined by the botanists J.S.L. Gilmour and J.W.Gregor in 1939, following the pattern of J.S. Huxley's ``cline''. Its purposewas not only to rationalize the plethora of terms describing chromosomaland genetic variation, but also to reduce hostility between traditionaltaxonomists and researchers on evolution, who sometimes scorned eachother's understanding of species. A multi-layered system of compoundterms based on deme was published by Gilmour and J. Heslop-Harrison in1954 but not widely used. Deme was adopted with a modified meaning byzoologists leading the evolutionary synthesis – Huxley, Simpson, Wright,and Mayr. Connections are shown between Gilmour's ideas around definingthe deme, his role in founding the Systematics Association, and his chapter``Taxonomy and Philosophy'' in the book The New Systematics. Thishistorical episode raises questions about the role of carefully-definedwords in scientific practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006774217770
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new variety ofCortinarius elatior from Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 87-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Cortinarius elatior var.albipes ; Cortinarius Sect.Defibulati ; new variety ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cortinarius elatior var.albipes var. nov., found in the deciduous forest is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from the type variety by having a white stipe and longer spores. The differences betweenCortinarius elatior var.albipes and similar taxa are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464390
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ceratostomella hyalocoronata, a new pyrenomycete from a stream in southern China (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 167-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): East Asia ; freshwater fungi ; taxonomy ; tropical mycology ; Xylariales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ceratostomella hyalocoronata is described and illustrated as a new species from old decaying wood immersed in a stream in Guangdong Province, southern China. It is compared toC. hyalostoma, a temperate terrestrial species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464327
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three new marine ascomycetes from driftwood in Australia sand dunes (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): arenicolous ; marine fungi ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Caryospora australiensis sp. nov.,Platystomum scabridisporum sp. nov. andSavoryella melanospora sp. nov. are described from driftwood collected from a sand dune at Rye, on the Mornington Peninsula Nature Park, Victoria, Australia. These species are compared with other taxa in these and related genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463951
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two underscribed heterobasidiomycetes from Ontario (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Platygloea ; Platygloeales ; Sigmogloea ; taxonomy ; Tremellales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Specimens of two heterobasidiomycetous species, collected in Ontario and studied respectively by H. S. Jackson and R. F. Cain, are described as new; they arePlatygloea jacksonii andSigmogloea tremelloidea. P. jacksonii is characterized by small basidia and basidiospores and by sympodially developing conidia.Sigmogloea tremelloidea is an anomalous taxon with cylindric, mostly transversely septate (“auricularioid”) basidia, but some features suggest a possible relationship to the Tremellales.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463950
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cortinarius purpurascens var.largusoides andCortinarius herpeticus var.fageticola new to Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Cortinarius purpurascens var.largusoides ; Cortinarius herpeticus var.fageticola ; Cortinarius Sect.Scauri ; mycoflora ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two species ofCortinarius Sect.Scauri collected in forests ofQuercus serrata andQ. mongolica var.grosseserrata, Q. serrata andFagus crenata, orQ. mongolica var.grosseserrata andF. crenata in Niigata prefecture were identified asCortinarius purpurascens var.largusoides andC. herpeticus var.fageticola, new to Japan. Macro- and microscopical descriptions of each species are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463956
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Raman Light Scattering in System of Oriented Wires in Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Schlagwort(e): porous silicon ; Raman spectroscopy ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Raman-light scattering in porous silicon samples with oriented quantum wires was studied. It was shown, that the experimental data depends on the type of organization of wire system. The explanation of observed effect is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009632114501
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Towards the Morphology Control of Stain Etched Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Schlagwort(e): porous silicon ; stain etching ; morphology ; HREM ; reflectance spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Porous silicon films, nearly 100 nm thick, were produced by stain etching of n+-type silicon substrates. The films were studied by a non-destructive technique: dielectric function profiles were deduced by spectral reflectance via a finite difference model, and porosity was computed by the Effective Medium Approximation. The obtained information, combined with High Resolution Electron Microscopy observations,provided a deeper insight on the relations among technological process, morphology and reflective properties. Our preliminary results outline the possibility to control the porosity profile as well the reflectance of the porous films via the oxidising species concentration in the stain etching solution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009607725830
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Location of genes involved in ear compactness in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by means of molecular markers (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): mapping ; morphology ; QTL ; RFLP ; spike density ; Triticeae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three traits related to ear morphology (spike length, number of spikelets, and compactness as the ratio between number of spikelets and spike length) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were mapped in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars Courtot and Chinese Spring. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that had previously been constructed based on 187 DH lines and 380 markers was used for QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (85%) except chromosomes 1D and 4D and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker each 15.5 cM) were chosen for marker regression analysis. The presence of a QTL was declared at a significance threshold α = 0.001. The population was grown in one location under field conditions during three years (1994, 1995 and 1998). For each trait, 4 to 6 QTLs were identified with individual effects ranging between 6.9% and 21.8% of total phenotypic variation. Several QTLs were detected that affected more than one trait. Of the QTLs 50% were detected in more than one year and two of them (number of spikelets on chromosome 2B, and compactness on chromosome 2D) emerged from the data from the three years. Only one QTL co-segregated with the gene Q known to be involved in ear morphology, namely the speltoid phenotype. However, this chromosome region explained only a minor part of the variation (7.5–11%). Other regions had a stronger effect, especially two previously unidentified regions located on chromosomes 1A and 2B. The region on the long arm of chromosome 1A was close to the locus XksuG34-1A and explained 12% of variation in spike length and 10% for compactness. On chromosome 2B, the QTL was detected for the three traits near the locus Xfbb121-2B. This QTL explained 9% to 22% of variation for the traits and was located in the same region as the gene involved in photoperiod response (Ppd2). Other regions were located at homoeologous positions on chromosomes 2A and 2D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009688011563
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological and Biomechanical Studies of Pedicle Screw Fixation for the Lower Cervical Spine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of systems integration 10 (2000), S. 55-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Schlagwort(e): biomechanics ; morphology ; cervical spine ; pedicle screw fixation ; finite element analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Based on eight specimens removedfrom fresh cadavers, the morphology of the pedicles of the C3–7cervical vertebrae was determined. Three preliminary designsof pedicle screw and finite element models of the screw withcervical vertebra were developed. The feasibility of pediclescrew fixation for the lower cervical spine is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026559301696
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Dissolution in Porous Media: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs (2000)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 38 (2000), S. 3-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Schlagwort(e): NAPL ; dissolution ; mass transfer ; morphology ; multicomponent ; up‐scaling ; inverse modeling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Our understanding of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) dissolution in the subsurface environment has been increasing rapidly over the past decade. This knowledge has provided the basis for recent developments in the area of NAPL recovery, including cosolvent and surfactant flushing. Despite these advances toward feasible remediation technologies, there remain a number of unresolved issues to motivate environmental researchers in this area. For example, the lack of an effective NAPL‐location methodology precludes effective deployment of NAPL recovery technologies. The objectives of this paper are to critically review the state of knowledge in the area of stationary NAPL dissolution in porous media and to identify specific research needs. The review first compares NAPL dissolution‐based mass transfer correlations reported for environmental systems with more fundamental results from the literature involving model systems. This comparison suggests that our current understanding of NAPL dissolution in small‐scale (on the order of cm) systems is reasonably consistent with fundamental mass transfer theory. The discussion then expands to encompass several issues currently under investigation in NAPL dissolution research, including: characterizing NAPL morphology (i.e. effective size and surface area); multicomponent mixtures; scale-related issues (dispersion, flow by-passing); locating NAPL in the subsurface and enhanced NAPL recovery. Research needs and potential approaches are discussed throughout the paper. This review supports the following conclusions: (1) Our knowledge related to local dissolution and remediation issues is maturing, but should be brought to closure with respect to the link between NAPL emplacement theory (as it impacts NAPL morphology) and NAPL dissolution; (2) The role of nonideal NAPL mixtures, and intra-NAPL mass transfer processes must be clarified; (3) Valid models for quantifying and designing NAPL recovery schemes with chemical additives need to be refined with respect to chemical equilibria, mass transfer and chemical delivery issues; (4) Computational and large-scale experimental studies should begin to address parameter up-scaling issues in support of model application at the field scale; and (5) Inverse modeling efforts aimed at exploiting the previous developments should be expanded to support field-scale characterization of NAPL location and strength as a dissolving source.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006667318234
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intraspecific Variation in the Vocalizations and Hand Pad Morphology of Southern Lesser Bush Babies (Galago moholi): A Comparison with G. senegalensis (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 537-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): galago ; taxonomy ; vocalization ; morphology ; zoogeography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previous studies have shown the taxonomic value of vocal repertoires and hand (volar) pad characteristics in the classification of cryptic nocturnal primates such as bush babies. However, no study included quantitative comparisons within the geographical range of any one species. We investigated levels of intraspecific variation in calls and hand pad characteristics of the southern lesser bush baby (Galago moholi), using the northern lesser bush baby (Galago senegalensis) for interspecific comparisons. Examination of calls recorded from different regions along a transect of 1500 km across southern Africa revealed low levels of intraspecific variation in Galago moholi, whereas comparisons with homologous call-types in G. senegalensis revealed them to be significantly different. Volar pad measurements across the ranges of both species also showed low levels of intraspecific variation and relatively high interspecific variation. These findings demonstrate that vocal and volar pad characteristics can be used as consistent measures of difference between species that look almost identical. These methods provide a practical means of distinguishing between cryptic species, whether in the field, in captivity, or, in the case of volar pads, of preserved specimens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005400205038
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomic Revision of Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus) in the Western Portions of Madagascar (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 963-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): mouse lemurs ; Microcebus ; taxonomy ; revision ; new species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genus Microcebus (mouse lemurs) are the smallest extant primates. Until recently, they were considered to comprise two different species: Microcebus murinus, confined largely to dry forests on the western portion of Madagascar, and M. rufus, occurring in humid forest formations of eastern Madagascar. Specimens and recent field observations document rufous individuals in the west. However, the current taxonomy is entangled due to a lack of comparative material to quantify intrapopulation and intraspecific morphological variation. On the basis of recently collected specimens of Microcebus from 12 localities in portions of western Madagascar, from Ankarana in the north to Beza Mahafaly in the south, we present a revision using external, cranial, and dental characters. We recognize seven species of Microcebus from western Madagascar. We name and describe 3 spp., resurrect a previously synonymized species, and amend diagnoses for Microcebus murinus (J. F. Miller, 1777), M. myoxinus Peters, 1852, and M. ravelobensis Zimmermann et al., 1998.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005511129475
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic Relationships of Spider Monkeys (Ateles) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Variation (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 381-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): phylogenetics ; taxonomy ; systematic ; Ateles ; Cebidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Our goal was to determine phylogenetic relationships among geographically and taxonomically distinct haplotypes of spider monkeys (Ateles) based on DNA sequence variation for the mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene. We obtained samples from most previously recognized subspecies of Ateles, ranging from Central America throughout the Amazon Basin, to determine phylogenetic relationships among racially recognized groups. Comparison of DNA sequences using both parsimony analysis and genetic distance analysis produced phylogenetic relationships that were very similar for each genetic region. We analyzed the phylograms produced, along with associated bootstrap support, confidence probabilities, and genetic distances between taxonomic groups, to identify four monophyletic species of Ateles: Ateles paniscus, composed of haplotypes from the northeastern Amazon Basin; A. belzebuth in the southern Amazon Basin; A. hybridus, located primarily along the Magdalena River valley of Colombia; and A. geoffroyi, which includes two former species: A. geoffroyi and A. fusciceps. This arrangement is contradictory to long-held taxonomies of Ateles based on pelage variation and is similar to a recent analysis based on craniodental variation. Results of this investigation suggest patterns of gene flow, evolutionary relationships, and speciation patterns that are more plausible than previous pelage-based taxonomies, which required seemingly impossible patterns of gene flow. Conservation efforts aimed at protecting Ateles, one of the Neotropics most endangered genera, will also benefit from the findings presented in this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005435718241
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Penile Morphology and Classification of Bush Babies (Subfamily Galagoninae) (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 815-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): Galago ; bush baby ; classification ; penis ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The penile morphologies of nocturnal prosimians are complex and vary considerably between genera and species. Accordingly, comparative morphology can be useful in taxonomic studies, particularly when assessing the status of newly discovered species. I measured features of penile morphology—surface area of the glans penis; shape and size of the keratinized spines on the glans—for populations representing 14 species within the subfamily Galagoninae. Intraspecific variations in penile morphology were relatively minor. By contrast, there are significant differences in several morphological features among closely related, sympatric species, e.g., in the greater bush babies (Otolemur crassicaudatus and O. garnettii) and lesser bush babies (Galago senegalensis and Galago moholi). Assessment of glans area resulted in the recognition of a second needle-clawed form: Euoticus pallidus. Similar divisions exist in the dwarf and greater bush babies with respect to proportional spiny area and characteristics of spine size. I constructed a key based on the presence/absence of certain features—penile spines, dermal markings on the glans, penile lappets—as well as the shape of the baculum and possession of different spinal morphotypes. This key may be used to identify all 14 species of bush babies. Penile morphologies provide a useful guide to specific identity in the Galagoninae, which may be true also for other groups of nocturnal mammals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005542609002
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of Vocal Fingerprinting for Specific Discrimination of Gray (Microcebus murinus) and Rufous Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus rufus) (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 837-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): vocalization ; sexual advertisement ; predator advertisement ; taxonomy ; evolution ; mouse lemur ; primate ; Madagascar
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Advertisement calls are often important noninvasive tools for discriminating cryptic species and for assessing specific diversity and speciation patterns in nature. We investigated the contribution of these calls to uncover specific diversity in nocturnal Malagasy lemurs. We compared sexual advertisement and predator advertisement calls of two mouse lemur species, western gray and eastern rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus and M. rufus, respectively) living in two contrasting habitats (dry deciduous vs. rain forest), and analyzed them statistically. Both species emitted several highly variable whistle calls in the context of predator-avoidance. Intrapopulation variation was high and overlapped interspecific variation. Sexual advertisement calls, given in the mating context, displayed a totally distinct, species-specific acoustic structure. Whereas gray mouse lemurs produced rapidly multifrequency modulated, long trill calls, rufous mouse lemurs gave slowly frequency-modulated short chirp calls. Our results suggest specific status for gray and rufous mouse lemurs and indicate the importance of predation and social needs in shaping vocal communication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005594625841
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increasing the efficiency of reed plantations on stressed lake and river shores by using special clones of Phragmites australis (2000)
    Springer
    Wetlands ecology and management 8 (2000), S. 415-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Schlagwort(e): expansion ; morphology ; nitrogen content ; Phragmites australis ; planting design ; shore restoration ; stand structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In an investigation aimed at comparing the variationin growth and expansion of different reed clones, 10reed clones were planted in spring of 1995 on sixexperimental fields on the River Dahme and the RiverHavel in Berlin. Their sites of origin differed innutrient supply, substrate quality and shoreexposition. The main aim of this large-scaleexperiment was to search for reed clones that would beable to colonize lake shores rapidly and to expandinto deeper water. Two years after planting thedeveloping reed stands differed significantly inmorphology and stand structure, both among clones andamong sites. This indicates that the development ofreed stands depended on the environment as well as onthe genotype. The differences in development impliedthat some of the clones would be more suited thanothers for restoration purposes, so that successfulrestoration of a degraded river or lake shores mightdepend on the selection of the best suited clones.The nitrogen contents in the aboveground biomass oftwo clones differing in nitrogen dynamics at theiroriginal sites (described as `assimilation' and`translocation' types in the literature) did notdiffer in this experiment, even though the two clonesdid differ in some morphological traits. These resultsmight be influenced by the fact that stands were stilldeveloping and that possibly clones had reached adifferent degree of maturity. Nevertheless, theysuggest that nitrogen content depends more on siteconditions, with only little genetically determineddifference, and that morphological variation isdetermined by factors other than variation in nitrogenuptake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026510018318
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallization of Lactose from Carbopol Gels (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 879-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): lactose ; crystallization ; Carbopol gels ; morphology ; crystal form ; crystal habit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To crystallize lactose under static conditions with a view topreparing crystals of well-defined morphology. Methods. α-Lactose monohydrate was crystallized from neutralizedCarbopol 934 gels. When the majority of crystals had grown to maturity,the gels were acidified using diluted hydrochloric acid and the crystalswere harvested by filtration or centrifugation and washed with ethanol-watermixtures. Results. Crystals prepared from the gel had a consistently narrowersize distribution than control crystals, prepared from solution underconstant stirring. If crystallization was effected in the gel withoutsedimentation of the crystals, then the resultant crystals had smoothsurfaces without visually detectable surface roughness or asperitiesviewed by optical microscopy. The crystals from Carbopol gels alsoexhibited the uniform shape of an elongated tomahawk regardless of thecrystallization conditions, in contrast to crystallization under constantstirring, where the crystal shape of lactose changed with crystallizationconditions especially as a function of the initial concentration of lactose.All batches of lactose crystals prepared from Carbopol gels existedas α-lactose monohydrate, which showed better flowability than thecontrols of a similar particle size. Conclusions. Crystallization from Carbopol gel produces lactose crystalsof uniform size, regular shape, smooth surface, and improvedflowability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007572612308
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Epicuticular wax morphology and the taxonomy ofRosa (sectionCaninae, subsectionRubiginosae) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Rosaceae ; Rosa ; Caninae ; epicuticular waxes ; taxonomy ; hybridism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Classification within the genusRosa is problematic due to ± continuous variation of morphological characters. The dogroses, (Rosa, sectionCaninae) are classified only by their unique meiotic system not by directly visible characters. The intrasectional structure remains insufficient, as the characters (glands, hairs and prickles) are known to exhibit great morphological divergence affected by both genetic plasticity and environmental influences. Taxonomy of dogroses follows a highly artificial system which allows us to identify morphospecies, which are not necessarily evolutionary species. However, SEM-studies in theCaninae revealed that all taxa of the subsectionRubiginosae are characterised by a granule type of epicuticular waxes, whereas members from the other subsections (with three exceptions) form triangular rodlets. Comparison with specimens grown under the same conditions confirmed these findings on natural populations and additionally revealed that following artificial hybridism, offspring develop the maternal type of wax structure due to the matroclinal inheritance in this section.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086384
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogeny of the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae) based on morphological andndhF sequence data (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 223-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Scrophulariaceae ; Antirrhineae ; morphology ; ndhF ; phylogeny ; pollination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae) are analysed and discussed on the basis of parsimony analyses of morphological andndhF gene sequence data. The results indicate that the tribe Antirrhineae consists of four major groups of genera, theAnarrhinum clade, theGambelia clade, theMaurandya clade, and theAntirrhinum clade. TheAnarrhinum clade, consisting of the Old World bee-pollinated generaAnarrhinum andKickxia, is sister to the rest of the tribe. TheGambelia clade consists of the New World generaGambelia andGalvezia, which are very closely related and pollinated by hummingbirds. TheMaurandya clade consists of one subclade includingMaurandya and a number of related bee- or hummingbird-pollinated New World genera and another subclade with the Old World bee-pollinated generaAsarina andCymbalaria. TheAntirrhinum clade consists mainly of bee-pollinated Old World genera, such asAntirrhinum, Linaria, Chaenorhinum, and their segregates, but also includes the New World generaMohavea andHowelliella, of which the latter is known to be partly pollinated by hummingbirds. It is concluded that hummingbirdpollination has evolved independently within Antirrhineae at least three times from bee-pollinated ancestors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985047
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Implications of morphological phylogenetics for the placement of the generaAdenocaulon andEriachaenium (Asteraceae) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 223 (2000), S. 229-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae ; Cichorioideae ; Adenocaulon ; Eriachaenium ; problematic genera ; morphology ; phylogenetic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Adenocaulon andEriachaenium are two problematic genera because their tribal and subfamilial placement in Asteraceae is uncertain. Previous cladistic analyses based on molecular data undertaken to analyze the relationships within Asteraceae, placeAdenocaulon in the tribe Mutisieae (Cichorioideae). This paper investigates cladistic relationships amongAdenocaulon andEriachaenium and tribes of subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae using morphological data. Thirty-eight characters were scored across 52 genera selected as exemplar taxa to represent the current classification system. In the analysis (one tree, length = 86, c.i. = 0.55, r.i. = 0.64)Adenocaulon andEriachaenium are sister taxa and appear as an isolated clade nested in Cichorioideae. A new, tentative position among the tribes of the paraphyletic Cichorioideae is proposed for these two isolated genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985282
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Software dependent phenetic relationships of non-nodulating African species ofAcacia (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Acacia ; classification ; Leguminosae ; morphology ; phenetics ; RAPD ; software ; taxonomy ; UPGMA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The phenetic analysis of non-nodulatingAcacia species by Harrier et al. (1997) was repeated to illustrate how different computer programs may generate alternative UPGMA trees for the very same data, even in the absence of data input order effects (ties). For example, all Harrier et al.'s UPGMA dendrograms produced by software from the Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service differed from those obtained by the packages NTSYS and MVSP87. Particularly, the positions ofA. albida, A. rovumae, andA. pentagona, as well as the relationships betweenDiacanthae andTriacanthae were affected by this phenomenon. Hence, whenever clustering techniques are used, care should be taken to consider possible software-dependent caveats and artefacts. Nevertheless, all programs provided clusterings that largely coincided with the subgeneric and sectional groupings proposed by Vassal (1972) although the positions of some species varied depending on whether morphological or molecular data were considered (e.g.A. albida andA. rovumae).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985042
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Secretory cavities and pellucid dots in leaflets ofLonchocarpus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Lonchocarpus ; leaflets ; secretory cavities ; false secretory cavities ; pellucid dots ; glands ; anatomy ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The occurrence of leaflet secretory cavities in 23 Brazilian species ofLonchocarpus was surveyed anatomically and compared with data from external morphology (presence of pellucid dots) to evaluate their taxonomic significance. This study revealed three cases: presence of secretory cavities associated with pellucid dots, pellucid dots corresponding to false secretory cavities, and absence of pellucid dots and secretory cavities. These results indicate that in this genus the “glandular pellucid dots” cited in morphological descriptions do not always correspond to secretory cavities, and that their nature must always be confirmed by histological sections. Secretory cavities have systematic significance at subgeneric taxonomic level for the genusLonchocarpus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086380
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic signal common to three data sets: Combining data which initially appear heterogeneous (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 179-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Gesneriaceae ; congruence ; morphology ; ndhF ; rbcL ; phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study makes use of three sources of data, morphology and two chloroplast DNA sequences,ndhF andrbcL, to resolve relationships in Gesneriaceae. Cladograms from each of the three data sets separately are not topologically congruent. Statistical indices suggest that each data set is congruent with thendhF data althoughrbcL and morphology are themselves incongruent. Consensus methods provide no resolution of taxonomic relationships when trees from the different data sets are combined. Combining data sets generally results in cladograms that are more fully resolved than each of the data sets analyzed separately and support for the clades increases based on higher decay index and bootstrap values. These results indicate that there is a phylogenetic signal common to each of the data sets, however, the noise (errors due to homoplasy, mis-scoring, etc.) unique to each data source masks this signal. In combining the data, the evidence for the common evolutionary history in each data set overcomes the noise and is apparent in the resulting trees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089293
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New chromosome counts inStreptocarpus (Gesneriaceae) from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands and their taxonomic significance (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 224 (2000), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Gesneriaceae ; Streptocarpus ; Chromosome numbers ; growth patterns ; taxonomy ; Africa ; Comoro Islands ; Madagascar
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study records the chromosome numbers of 10 species ofStreptocarpus; nine of the counts are new. With the exception ofS. buchananii of mainland Africa, all the results are for plants endemic to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. While there is a strong correlation between basic number and growth form in the two subgenera of the genus on the African mainland (x = 15 among caulescent species in subgenusStreptocarpella; x = 16 among acaulescent species in subgenusStreptocarpus), the situation appears more complex among Madagascan and Comoro Island species. One notable example of deviation from this correlation is shown byS. papangae, a shrubby caulescent species, with 2n = 32 (x = 16). Polyploidy in the genus appears to be absent on mainland Africa, but is present in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, ranging from tetraploidy to octoploidy. Evolutionary implications of the cytological observations are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986341
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inter- and intraspecific genetic variation inHippophae (Elaeagnaceae) investigated by RAPD markers (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 225 (2000), S. 85-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Elaeagnaceae ; Hippophae ; sea buckthorn ; Systematics ; taxonomy ; genetic variation ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Genetic diversity has been investigated by the application of molecular markers in, for the first time, all the taxa recognised in recent treatises of the genusHippophae. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analyses were conducted with 9 decamer primers, which together yielded 219 polymorphic markers. We found 16 fixed RAPD markers, i.e. markers that either occurred in all plants of a population or were absent from all plants. Several of these markers were useful for analysis of interspecific relationships, whereas others can be considered as taxon-specific markers. Clustering of taxa and populations in our neighbour-joining based dendrogram was in good agreement with some recently suggested taxonomic treatises ofHippophae. Amount and distribution of genetic variability varied considerably between species. Partitioning of molecular variance withinH. rhamnoides supported earlier findings that a considerable part of the total variance resides among subspecies (59.6%) Within-population variability also differed considerably. Percentage polymorphic RAPD loci and Lynch and Milligan within-population gene diversity estimates showed relatively high values for some species close to the geographic centre of origin in Central Asia, e.g.H. tibetana and the putatively hybridogenousH. goniocarpa. Spatial autocorrelation analyses performed on 12 populations ofH. rhamnoides revealed positive autocorrelation of allele frequencies when geographic distances ranged from 0 to 700 km, and no or negative autocorrelation at higher distances. At distances between 700 and 1900 km, we observed deviations from the expected values with strongly negative autocorrelation of allele frequencies. A corresponding relationship between geographic and genetic distances could not be found when the analysis instead was based on one population from each of 8 species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985460
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: form, function and detection (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 131-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): arbuscular mycorrhizas ; ecological function ; isozymes ; morphology ; mycelium architecture ; molecular probes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract It is often assumed that all species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the same function because of the ubiquity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and the fact that all AMF occupy the same plant/soil niche. Despite apparent differences in the timing of evolutionary divergence and the morphological characteristics of AMF from the different genera, the majority of studies on these fungi use only species of Glomus. There is increasing evidence, however, that the mechanisms involved in the establishment of a mycorrhiza may differ for species and genera of AMF and influence their subsequent function. The aim of this paper is to highlight the diversity in the form and function of AMF from different genera, knowledge of which is vital in understanding their ecological roles. Potential use of biochemical and molecular approaches to detect AMF in planta and ex planta is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026574828169
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological relationships among 15 species of Trifolium occurring in Poland (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): morphology ; numerical taxonomy ; phenetics ; Trifolium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Populations of 15 Trifolium species were morphologically assayed to elucidate species relationships and taxonomic arrangements in the genus. Twenty-one characters were scored and analyzed by numerical methods. All species proved to be heterogenous. The levels of dissimilarity among populations of the same species ranged from around 0.05 to around 0.6. Cluster analysis divided all taxa into two major groups of species which were joined at D (Euclidean Distance) around 0.9. Within the first group three major sub-groups were revealed, comprising T. hybridum L., T. repens L., T. strepens Cr., T. dubium Sibth., T. campestre Schreb., T. patens Schreb. and T. fragiferum L. The second major group consisted of T. pannonicum L., T. arvense L., T. montanum L., T. incarnatum L., T. alpestre L., T. rubens L., T. pratense L. and T. medium L. The present results proved that the genus is very heterogenous, and support the hypothesis that the section Lotoidea was probably the stock from which other sections derived. Morphological relationships among 15 Trifolium species support their taxonomic arrangements proposed by Zohary & Heller (1984), with some exceptions. Sectional positions of T. montanum and T. strepens should be reexamined. Conspecific ranks for three species of section Chronosemum – T. dubium, T. campestre and T. patens – should be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008707024828
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diversity of the Sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) in Ghana (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): clinal trends ; isozymes ; morphology ; population variance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The Sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) is highly valued for oil obtained from its seeds and frequently maintained in the semi-arid parklands of sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Uganda. Although variation has been noted for V. paradoxa subsp. paradoxa, few studies have been undertaken on patterns of phenotypic or genotypic diversity. Results are presented from 294 accessions collected in Ghana, using easily quantifiable morphological parameters. Productive mature trees varied from shrubby multi-stemmed individuals (height 〈5 m) to 30-m straight-boled trees with high compact canopies. The leaf lamina (tree mean ±% coefficient of variation of total mean) varied from 9.2 to 22.5 cm (±15.0%); seed length from 1.74 to 3.74 cm (±11.7%); and fat content from 29.1 to 61.9% of dry kernel weight (±9.4%). Clinal trends significantly correlated with location parameters that in turn related to environmental variation. Population variation of seed characteristics increased to the Northeast, perpendicular to the annual movement of the inter-tropical convergence zone. It is proposed that this is a consequence of past climatic changes, coupled with a lack of methodical selection for seed type when trees are maintained on agricultural land. Isozyme analysis revealed moderate to high levels of heterozygosity (He 0.2142) and high geneflow (Fst = 0.0124, Nm = 19.9), supporting results obtained from morphological studies. Isozyme and multivariate morphology analyses showed similar but weak geographical separation patterns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008710331325
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A phenetic analysis of morphological variation in Citrullus lanatus in Namibia (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): Citrullus lanatus ; cluster analysis ; evolution ; morphology ; watermelon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological data recorded from field trials using Citrullus lanatus germplasm collected in Namibia were used to analyse and compare the various morphotypes of this species. The experiment comprised wild types and local landraces as well as commercial cultivars. Cluster analysis supported the indigenous classification system used in Namibia, in which Citrullus types are distinguished based on gross morphology, ecology and usage and grouped into seed, cooking and fresh-eating (watermelon) types. Commercial watermelon cultivars formed a distinct cluster. Wide variation was found within the local types whereas the genetic basis of the commercial type appears to be narrow. The commercial cultivars were most closely related to local watermelon types and more distantly related to the wild types, whereas the cooking melons form an intermediate group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008751319879
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ontogeny of the cypridid ostracod Eucypris virens (Jurine, 1820) (Crustacea, Ostracoda) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 419 (2000), S. 31-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): morphology ; ontogeny ; Ostracoda ; evolution ; fifth limb ; crustacean phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chaetotaxy (shape, structure and distribution of setae) of appendages and valve allometry during the post embryonic ontogeny of the cyprididine ostracod Eucypris virens are described. It is shown that the basic ontogenetic development of E. virens is very similar to that of other species of the family Cyprididae. During ontogeny, the chaetotaxy shows continual development on all podomeres of the limbs with the exception of the last podomere on the antennulae. The long setae on the exopodite and protopodite of the antennae have a natatory function until the actual natatory setae develop in later instars. Aesthetascs (presumed chemoreceptors) ya and y3 are the first to develop and may have an important function in the first instars. Cyprididae require a pediform limb in the posterior of the body presumably to help them to attach to substrates and this is reflected by the pediform nature of one limb at all times throughout all instars. This study has also shown that the fifth limb is most probably of thoracic origin and hence ostracods have only one pair of maxillae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003985908460
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bdelloid rotifers from Korea (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 439 (2000), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Rotifera ; Bdelloidea ; Korea ; taxonomy ; biogeography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-five samples from 18 terrestrial and/or freshwater habitats in the eastern part of Korea yielded 38 new records of bdelloid rotifers, 22 of which are new to the Asian fauna. Among these Korean new records, Dissotrocha aculeata reversa Berzins and Habrotrocha plana Milne were recorded outside their type localities for the first time, and Macrotrachela bullata (Murray) was reported only from two countries after its description. Bradyscela granulosa de Koning, Habrotrocha gracilis gracilis Montet, Macrotrachela latior Donner, Philodina duplicalcar (de Koning) and P. rugosa coriacea Bryce are recorded outside Europe for the first time. The taxonomy and distribution of these rare species are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004181414535
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences in the apportionment of molecular and morphological variation in North American strawberry and the consequences for genetic resource management (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 647-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): Fragaria chiloensis ; Fragaria virginiana ; genetic resources ; morphology ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Variation for 24 morphological traits measured in a greenhouse environment and 36 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was assessed among 318 wild octoploid strawberry (Fragariaspp.) genotypes from diverse habitats across the northern USA. RAPD marker frequencies and certain leaf and flower morphology traits (petiole color, leaf mass/area ratio, leaflet length and width, flower and receptacle diameter, petal width, flowers/inflorescence) were significantly different between the F. chiloensis-platypetala and F. virginiana-glauca species complexes. The proportion of variation accounted for by provenance effects was lower for the RAPD markers than for most morphological traits, especially in the F. virginiana-glauca species complex. Morphological traits of potential adaptive importance group the collection into provenances within each species-complex, and reflect the significant habitat and geographic differences across the region from which the germplasm was collected. Variation among populations within provenances was low for the molecular and most morphological traits, with a much larger amount of variability among plants within populations. Most of the variation for the presumably more selectively-neutral RAPD data was among plants within populations and populations within provenances rather than among the provenances that were recognized based on morphological traits, especially in the F. virginiana-glauca complex. Patterns of diversity for morphological traits must be considered, along with more selectively-neutral molecular characters such as RAPDs, to formulate effective sampling strategies and to properly estimate the quantity and apportionment of diversity within this germplasm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026530125493
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preface: Ostracoda and the four pillars of evolutionary wisdom (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 419 (2000), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): morphology ; palaeontology ; ecology ; genetics ; Ostracoda ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Morphology, palaeontology, genetics and ecology are the main scientific domains contributing theories, concepts and new data to evolutionary biology. Ostracods are potentially very good model organisms for evolutionary studies because they combine an excellent fossil record with a wide extant distribution and, therefore, allow studies on both patterns and processes leading to extant diversity. This preface provides an overview of the 15 contributions to the present volume and concludes that this set of papers supports the claim that ostracod studies are situated in all main evolutionary domains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003994820756
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redescription and assignment of the chydorid Indialona ganapati Petkovski, 1966 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda: Aloninae) to Indialonini, new tribus (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 439 (2000), S. 161-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Cladocera ; Anomopoda ; Chydoridae ; Indialona ; morphology ; systematics ; Indialonini n. trib. ; evolutionary relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chydorid Indialona ganapati Petkovski, 1966 is redescribed based on material from the sublittoral plankton of Ajwa Reservoir, Ahmedabad, India, and a neotype is selected. Lateral head pores are recorded, and all thoracic limbs are studied in detail. Gamogenetic specimens are described for the first time. Evolutionarily relationships of Indialona and other Aloninae are discussed. A new tribe Indialonini n. trib. is proposed for the sole genus Indialona, while all other genera of Aloninae, as far as is known, compose the tribe Alonini s. str. A diagnosis of both tribes and a key for their discrimination is proposed. Sharp differences between these tribes are found in some characters of the thoracic limbs. The limbs of the Indialonini are more oligomerized than those of the Alonini, and a strong oligomerization is characteristic of limbs I–II.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004187007890
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic implications of the Crustacean nauplius (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 417 (2000), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): evolution ; phylogeny ; larval characters ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The plesiomorphic mode of crustacean development is widely accepted to be via a larva called the nauplius. Extant taxa like the Cephalocarida, Branchiopoda, Ostracoda, Mystacocarida, Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ascothoracida, Facetotecta, Euphausiacea and Penaeidea hatch from an egg as a free-living nauplius. Other crustaceans show an embryonic phase of development suggestive of a naupliar organization. Several features of the nauplius larva have been proposed as diagnostic characters for the Crustacea: a median (nauplius) eye; at least three pairs of head appendages (antennules, antennae, mandibles); a posteriorly directed fold (the labrum) extending over the mouth and a cephalic (nauplius) shield. The relationship between trilobite protaspis with at least four appendages and the crustacean nauplius remains unclear, but reports of a copepod orthonauplius with four appendages are rejected. Swimming is suggested to represent the underived mode of locomotion for the crustacean nauplius, and that naupliar swimming directly results in naupliar feeding which also is underived.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003886818724
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interpopulation differentiation within C. kolensis and C. strenuus strenuus (Crustacea: Copepoda): evidence from cytogenetic methods (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 417 (2000), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; cytogenetic methods ; Cyclops kolensis ; Cyclops strenuus strenuus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Comparisons of behavior of chromosomes and characteristics of eliminated chromatin during anaphase of chromatin diminution divisions were made of Russian and German populations of Cyclops kolensis and Cyclops strenuus strenuus. Differences in cytogenetic features included timing and amount of eliminated chromatin. Differences were also marked in duration of chromatin diminution, as well as timing and location of eliminated DNA between Russian and German populations of C. strenuus strenuus. In contrast to the German population of C. strenuus, the Russian population of C. strenuus strenuus did not exhibit gonomery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003819809155
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  • 57
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    Digitale Medien
    Key to the identification of the genera of bdelloid rotifers (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 418 (2000), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Rotifera ; Bdelloidea ; pictorial key ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We propose a simple, user-friendly key joined to a pictorial key to the bdelloid genera, in the attempt to make bdelloid identification more accessible to non-bdelloid-specialists. The key is mostly based on illustrations rather than on descriptions, and is accompanied by an introduction of the main features readily observable in active bdelloids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003840216827
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  • 58
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    Digitale Medien
    The morphology of the upper lip of Cypridoidea ostracods: taxonomic and phylogenetic significance (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 418 (2000), S. 169-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): ostracods ; upper lip ; taxonomy ; phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper represents the first study of the morphology of the upper lip (labrum) and hypostome of ostracods using scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.). There is considerable variation in the upper lip morphology of the 23 species of Cypridoidea (Podocopina) ostracods used in this study. The detail of the upper lip morphology of each species is very distinctive, so that species determination can be made on this feature alone, but it is not useful in diagnosing genera or subfamilies. The hypostome is not readily studied due to the large amounts of dense pseudochaetae (small, setae-like projections) protruding from it and hence is considered not to be a useful taxonomic feature. Several features of the upper lip and mouth region are documented for the first time. Comparisons of the general morphology of the upper lips of Recent ostracods with the upper lip of the fossil ostracod Pattersoncypris micropapillosa Bate, 1972, indicate that there has been very conservative evolution in these features since the Cretaceous.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003934528762
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ryocalanus spinifrons, a new species of Ryocalanidae (Copepoda: Calanoida), from the southwestern part of Sagami Bay, Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 432 (2000), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): new species ; Ryocalanoid copepod ; taxonomy ; benthopelagic ; Sagami Bay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new Ryocalanoid copepod, Ryocalanus spinifrons, collected by the MTD net system at a depth of 1400 m from the southwestern part of Sagami Bay, Japan, is described. The new species is morphologically very close to R. infelix Tanaka, 1956 (female unknown) from the Izu region of Sagami Bay. It is distinguished from other species by the presence of 12 long spinules on the ventral inner side of the fifth pedigerous somite, nine setae on the coxal epipodite of the maxillule and nine large robust spinules on the coxal segment of the fourth leg. The row of five robust spines on the paragnath distinguishes R. spinifrons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004090724831
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomic analysis of species characters for copepodid instars 4 and 5 of the subfamily Eucyclopinae of European Russia (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 417 (2000), S. 57-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): copepodid instars ; Eucyclopinae ; taxonomy ; morphological characters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological characters useful for taxonomic identification of older copepodid instars of the subfamily Eucyclopinae were studied among 14 species of Eucyclops, Macrocyclops, Ectocyclops, Paracyclops and Tropocyclops known from European Russia. For taxonomic analysis, the following elements of copepodid morphology were chosen: armament and proportion of furcal rami; morphology of swimming legs and reduced 5th and 6th legs; antennule segmentation; and relative body length of copepodid instars in comparison with the female length. Changes in morphology of major copepodid instars of the subfamily Eucyclopinae during ontogenetic development are traced and noticeable differences among five genera and 14 species are described. These differences among major copepodid stages may be important for both taxonomic and ecological analysis. For taxonomy, they provide information on development of sexes and species during maturation. For ecology they allow identification of the specimens at 4–5 copepodid instars in diapause. A key to major copepodid instars of the species from the subfamily Eucyclopinae which are known from limnetic habitats of the European part of Russia is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003878616907
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Components of morphological variation in Baikalian endemial cyclopid Acanthocyclops signifer complex from different localities (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 417 (2000), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): morphological variation ; fluctuating asymmetry ; taxonomy ; Copepoda ; Cyclopidae ; Acanthocyclops signifer ; Lake Baikal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Use of traditional methods for morphological studies only permits the analysis of a small part of the information embodied in morphological structures. Besides comparing populations using the mean values of characters which allows one to estimate their morphological similarity, analysis of variation among individuals within a population can be informative. Variation among individuals consists of factorial and stochastic components. The factorial component is an upper estimate of genetic heterogeneity and thus permits one to evaluate the population's adaptability. The stochastic component (estimated by fluctuating asymmetry, i.e. random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry), being a measure of developmental stability, is an indicator of a population's fitness. Assessment of measurement error is necessary for assessment of the true value of the stochastic component and for selection of the most informative characters. Such analysis allows one to extract additional information from morphological data in comparison with methods traditionally used on copepods. This approach was applied to an analysis of morphological variation in the study of the Baikalian endemic cyclopoid Acanthocyclops signifer (Mazepova) from three different isolated localities. Characters typically used in studies of taxonomy of this group are considered here. Measurement error was rather high (more than 50% of the stochastic component), which can be explained by technical difficulties of measuring the characters. All populations differ in the mean values of the characters. This shows the taxonomic heterogeneity of this group and reveals the necessity of its taxonomic revision. Populations also differ in the level of stochastic and factorial components of the total variance. The data are interpreted from the point of view of taxonomy and the possible evolution of the group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003866215089
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitocrellopsis texana n. sp. from central TX (U.S.A.) and N. ahaggarensis n. sp. from the central Algerian Sahara (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 418 (2000), S. 81-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Harpacticoida ; new species ; redescription ; taxonomy ; troglobitics ; trans-Atlantic distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nitocrellopsis texana n. sp. found in samples collected by SCUBA divers in Honey Creek Cave (Texas, U.S.A.) is described. This species is the first representative of this stygobitic taxon from a Northern American locality. The original description of N. ioneli (Dumont & Decraemer, 1975) is amended and the closely related N. ahaggarensis n. sp. is described from a well near Tamanghasset in the Ahaggar mountains in Algeria. The monophyly of Nitocrellopsis is discussed and its present day distribution is analyzed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003892200897
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum along the coasts of the Mexican Pacific (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 418 (2000), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): dinoflagellates ; Prorocentrum ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Mexican Pacific ; red tides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We surveyed the dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in Mexican Pacific waters, where it is rather common and sometimes causes red tides in coastal areas or shrimp farms. Material collected from Baja California and the Gulf of California was analyzed. Thirteen species were identified, all of them planktonic (although P. mexicanum is also epiphytic). All species are described by light microscopy, and most are also described by scanning electron microscopy; comments on morphology, taxonomy and distribution are made. Red tides were caused by P. dentatum, P. minimum and P. triestinum. Prorocentrum mexicanum and P. minimum were suspected of being toxic. Four species, previously reported in the Gulf of California, were not found. A total of 18 species, including the new records P. dactylum and P. lebourae have been to date reported from the Mexican Pacific.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003806719515
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  • 64
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    Digitale Medien
    Eucyclops dumonti sp.nov. from Central Mongolia (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 441 (2000), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Mongolia ; Eucyclops dumonti ; taxonomy ; zooplankton ; spring fauna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Eucyclops dumonti sp.nov. is described from a shallow spring-fed lake in Central Mongolia. Data on its morphological variability are given, a comparison with the type population of Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1853) from St. Petersburg area is made, and its position relative to some closely related congeners is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017592005551
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  • 65
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    Digitale Medien
    Redescription of Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova, 1964 (Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda: Sididae), and description of a new, related species (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 441 (2000), S. 73-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Diaphanosoma dubium ; D. pseudodubium sp.nov. ; morphology ; taxonomy ; geographical distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The poorly known D. dubium Manuilova is redescribed on extensive material from more than 80 populations from the Russian Far East, Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. Its morphological variability and geographical distribution are analysed and supplemented by notes on biology. The conspecificity of morphologically different distant populations is discussed. In the northern part of its range, D. dubium was long confused with D. brachyurum or D. leuchtenbergianum, and in the south with D. modigliani. It seems that the recent appearance of D. dubium in fish ponds of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was an introduction, together with Far Eastern fish. D. pseudodubium sp.nov., close to but markedly different, is described from two lakes in the lower Amur river system. D. dubium, D. pseudodubium, D. tropicum and D. modigliani s. str. form a group of related species, widely distributed in Eastern and Southern Asia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017574921558
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  • 66
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    Digitale Medien
    Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 420 (2000), S. 73-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): sibling species ; taxonomy ; DNA ; electrophoresis ; allozymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The tools of molecular genetics have enormous potential for clarifying the nature and age of species boundaries in marine organisms. Below I summarize the genetic implications of various species concepts, and review the results of recent molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in marine microbes, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. Excessive lumping, rather than excessive splitting, characterizes the current systematic situation in many groups. Morphologically similar species are often quite distinct genetically, suggesting that conservative systematic traditions or morphological stasis may be involved. Some reproductively isolated taxa exhibit only small levels of genetic differentiation, however. In these cases, large population sizes, slow rates of molecular evolution, and relatively recent origins may contribute to the difficulty in finding fixed genetic markers associated with barriers to gene exchange. The extent to which hybridization blurs species boundaries of marine organisms remains a subject of real disagreement in some groups (e.g. corals). The ages of recently diverged species are largely unknown; many appear to be older than 3 million years, but snails and fishes provide several examples of more recent divergences. Increasingly sophisticated genetic analyses make it easier to distinguish allopatric taxa, but criteria for recognition at the species level are highly inconsistent across studies. Future molecular genetic analyses should help to resolve many of these issues, particularly if coupled with other biological and paleontological approaches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003933603879
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  • 67
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    Digitale Medien
    A new Ceratium species (Dinophyceae) from Lake Doïrani, Macedonia, Greece (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 424 (2000), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Ceratium ; freshwater ; ecology ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new taxon of Ceratium is described from Lake Doïrani, Greece. It is proposed as a new species and named Ceratium monoceras. It differs morphologically from known species of Ceratium by having only one horn, the apical horn. Accordingly, the vegetative cells form cysts that have only one spine. Details of its ecology and occurence are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003957129071
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  • 68
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    Digitale Medien
    Nematodes from the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle Channel (Chile): the genera Cervonema and Laimella (Comesomatidae: Nematoda) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 427 (2000), S. 27-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; marine nematodes ; Cervonema ; Laimella ; the Strait of Magellan ; Chile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Five species of Cervonema and four species of Laimella are described from the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle Channel, Chile, six species of which are new to science. Cervonema chilensisn. sp. and Cervonema hermanin. sp. are separated from other known species of Cervonema by a short cervical region (less than one head diameter from the front end to the anterior border of the amphids). Cervonema chilensisn. sp. is characterised by a tail length of 5 anal diameters with posterior half filiform; Cervonema hermani n. sp. is characterised by a tail length of 6–9 anal diameter and posterior part (75%) cylindrical. Cervonema shiaen. sp. is characterised by the cephalic seta 4 μm long, amphids 9–10 μm in diameter; spicules 16 μm long and 0.8–0.9 abd; tail 4.7–5.4 anal diameter and 50% posterior part filiform; 4–5 minute precloacal supplements. Laimella subterminatan. sp. is characterised by the subterminal position of the buccal cavity which separates it from the other species of the genus. Laimella annaen. sp. is characterised by the head diameter 9–11 μm, cephalic setae and external labial setae 9 + 5 μm long, respectively, amphids 7 μm in diameter; spicules 28–30 μm long; tail 14–17 anal diameter and posterior part (75%) filiform; 5 precloacal supplements. Laimella sandraen. sp. is very close to Laimella annaen.sp. in having similar cephalic sensilla, amphids and spicules. Laimella sandraen. sp., however, can be separated from L.annaen. sp. by the shape of head and the structure of sperm cells, the total body length and the cylindrical part of tail. Cervonema papillatum Jensen, 1988, C. tenuicauda (Stekhoven, 1950) and L. longicauda Cobb, 1920 are found in this area as well. The key of all known species of Cervonemaand Laimellais presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003943021901
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  • 69
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    Digitale Medien
    Description of a new Nipergasilus species (Family: Ergasilidae) from the gills of grey mullet (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 428 (2000), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): parasitic Copepoda ; taxonomy ; new species ; grey mullet
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new Nipergasilus species is described from the gills of the grey mullet Valamugil cunnesius from several localities in India and Pakistan. The new species is closely related to Nipergasilus bora (Yamaguti, 1939) which is also recorded here on three species of grey mullet. The genus Nipergasilus is redefined in order to accommodate the second species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003931713959
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  • 70
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    Digitale Medien
    New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 428 (2000), S. 1-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Clitellata ; Oligochaeta ; Lumbriculidae ; Rhynchelmis ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Lumbriculidae) are distinguished from the Palearctic group Rhynchelmis s. str. by longitudinal muscle bands that do not curl inwards. Six new species from western North America support the existence of two major groupings within the Nearctic fauna. Species in Group 1 are distinguished from other Rhynchelmis by large penial bulbs and multiple spermathecal diverticula. Within Group 1, Rhynchelmis yakimorum n. sp., Rhynchelmis monsserratus n. sp., Rhynchelmis gustafsoni n. sp. and Rhynchelmis utahensis n. sp. differ from the related Rhynchelmis (=Sutroa) rostrata in having short penes and spermathecae with 2 short, lobed diverticula. R. monsserratus is distinguished by a single, median spermatheca, R. gustafsoni has closely appressed, median spermathecae and atria, and R. utahensis differs in structural details of spermathecae and male pores. Rhynchelmis gilensis n. sp. has a single, median spermatheca with unbranched diverticula and distinctive nephridia. Redescription of material from the type localities of both Sutroa alpestris and R. rostrata supports their combination. Group 2, corresponding in part to Rhynchelmoides, is distinguished from Group 1 mostly by characters that are inconsistent or appear plesiomorphic. Within Group 2, Rhynchelmis saxosa n. sp. closely resembles Rhynchelmis alaskana, except for the absence of lateral blood vessels in posterior segments and distribution of prostates. Rhynchelmis elrodi and Rhynchelmis glandula consistently differ in presence of ventral glands and have different distributions, so their supposed synonymy is rejected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003919312142
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  • 71
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    Digitale Medien
    Redescription of Ilyocryptus tuberculatus Brehm, 1913 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 428 (2000), S. 115-128 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): `Cladocera' ; Anomopoda ; Ilyocryptus tuberculatus ; morphology ; redescription ; Africa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphology of Ilyocryptus tuberculatus Brehm, 1913 is redescribed, based on material from the Niger basin, Africa. The species name was given by Brehm erroneously, because under an optical microscope he mistook internal structures (the columns between the outer and inner walls of the valves) for the tubercules on the valve surface. But this species is undoubtedly valid, and `incorrect' species names must be conserved. Differences between I. tuberculatus and the most similar I. agilis (probably absent from the majority of African waters), I. spinifer (common in Africa), and some other species are discussed. Currently, I. tuberculatus is known for the Central African Republic, Mali and Niger.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003933430624
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New species of Metepsilonema (Nemata, Epsilonematidae) from the Channel and the Mediterranean Sea with a polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 429 (2000), S. 25-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): marine nematodes ; Epsilonematidae ; Metepsilonema ; taxonomy ; key to species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four new species of Metepsilonema are described from sublittoral stations from the Channel and are mainly characterized: M. volutum sp.nov. by the large body size for the genus up to 460 μm, 118–121 well overlapping annuli and wide multispiral amphids; M. amphidoxum sp.nov. by 127–133 shortly overlapping annuli and sexual dimorphism in amphid size; M. comptum sp.nov. by 133–140 non-overlapping annuli, anteriormost annuli provided with a wide lumen and borders ornamented with ridges and M. corrugatum sp.nov. by 108–111 overlapping annuli provided with ridges). Additional information is provided for M. callosum together with a discussion on intraspecific variability. A new species of Metepsilonema spec. based on females only, is described but remain unnamed. M. comptum sp.nov. and M. corrugatum sp.nov. are also occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. A polytomous key to species level is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003975425673
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The freeliving nematode genus Parodontophora Timm 1963 (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae) is not exclusively marine: Parodontophora limnophila sp. nov. from freshwater in China (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 431 (2000), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): China ; freshwater ; Nematoda ; new species ; Parodontophora ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Parodontophora limnophila sp. nov. is described from Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake of China. It is characterized by having an amphid with its posterior end close to the base of the stoma, relatively short cephalic setae, opisthocephalic setae arranged as two subdorsal groups of three longitudinally arranged setae and two single subventral setae, excretory pore at the level of the anterior part of the stoma and renette gland 34–47% of the oesophageal length. To date, the new species is the only Parodontophora species found in freshwater habitats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004052531906
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morariopsis dumonti n.sp. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) – a new species from an unsaturated karstic zone in Slovenia (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 436 (2000), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Harpacticoida ; ground water ; interstitial ; taxonomy ; Slovenia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genus Morariopsishas a disjunct distribution. It has been found in south-eastern Europe and in the Baikal region in Russia. In Europe two species are known, both from the Dinaric region. They have been found in three caves only, but always in puddles filled with percolating water. This indicates that they inhabit an unsaturated karstic environment. A third species, Morariopsis dumontin.sp has now been found, in the same type of habitat, on several dates, in a small cave in central Slovenia. Males were recorded for the first time in this genus. The new species is related to Morariospsis kieferiPetkovski, 1959 from Dalmatia. The main differences are in the ornamentation of the furca and of the abdominal segments. P5 and particularly endopodite of P4 in males suggest a close relation between Morariaand Morariopsis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026585820968
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parastenocaris andreji n. sp. (Crustacea; Copepoda) – the first record of the genus in Slovenia (SE Europe) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 437 (2000), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Harpacticoida ; ground water ; interstitial ; taxonomy ; Slovenia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Parastenocaris andreji n. sp. was found in ground water in a northwestern part of Slovenia (southern part of Central Europe). Two adult females of the new species were filtered out of 20 000 l of water during examination of an aquifer for water supply. The bore well was 10 m deep. The aquifer is fed by rainwater and probably only occasionally from a nearby alpine river Sava. The new species differs markedly from other known species of the genus by shape and armature of furcal rami, very long and slim maxillae and some characters on endopodites P2–P5. The closest related species are probably Parastenocaris nolliKiefer, 1938 with subspecies P. nolli alpinaKiefer, 1960, P. gertrudae Kiefer, 1968 and P. austriacaKiefer, 1976.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026513917821
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lithoglyptes cornutus, new species (Cirripedia: Acrothoracica), a boring barnacle from the Seychelles, with some data on its ultrastructure (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 438 (2000), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): systematics ; morphology ; organ ; relationship ; SEM
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of the Lithoglyptes from the Seychelles is described. The external morphology of the mantle sac and the body were examined under SEM. The position of a new species within Lithoglyptes and the ultrastructural characters of different species of this genus are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004102926964
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    External morphology of the burrowing barnacle shape Lithoglyptes bicornis (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Acrothoracica) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 438 (2000), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Cirripedia ; Acrothoracica ; morphology ; organs ; trophi ; SEM
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The external morphology of female and male Lithoglyptes bicornis was examined under SEM. The structure of the mantle, the thorax and, especially, the trophi were thoroughly examined. The data on the mantle and the thorax structures were compared with the previous data on the acrothoracican ultrastructure. The data on the structure and the character of trophi setation allow to speculate about a relationship with other cirripede taxa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004150806491
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological characterization of new populations of the copepod Eurytemora velox (Lilljeborg, 1853) (Calanoida, Temoridae) found in Austria and Hungary (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 438 (2000), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Eurytemora velox ; morphology ; distribution ; Austria ; Hungary ; Danube River
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The calanoid copepod Eurytemora velox (Lilljeborg, 1853) was found in the backwater system of the Danube River upstream of Vienna (km 1948) in 1994. Since that time, the species has invaded the side arms of the river between kms 1897 and 1988, as confirmed by findings from 10 different localities. In Hungary, the species has been known since 1992. In the present article, we report 15 new sites in the westernmost part of this country. A brief diagnosis of the morphology of male and female of the Austrian specimens is presented, including detailed illustrations of the structures used in this paper for taxonomic analysis. Females show morphological variability mainly on the structure of the fifth leg pair. Right and left legs frequently have a different spinulation pattern. Males show less morphological variability, particularly in the structure of the basis and the distal section of exopod 2 of the fifth left leg. Morphological variation within E. veloxwas determined by comparing specimens from Austria, Hungary and Rumania. The geographic distribution of the species in the Palearctic region, Austria and Hungary is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004173704289
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absorption of glucose, amino acids, and dipeptides by the intestines of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) (2000)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 22 (2000), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): diffusion ; everted sleeve method ; morphology ; nutrients ; pyloric ceca ; transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Rates of glucose, amino acid and dipeptide absorption by the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were measured in vitro at 10 °C as functions of concentration and region using intact tissues (everted sleeve method). Salmon (weight range 300–1300 g) fed a commercial, extruded salmon feed, were kept at 12–13 °C in freshwater. Maximum rates (V max) of glucose and dipeptide transport were low compared to most amino acid V max values. There was a declining proximal-to-distal gradient of absorption along the post-gastric intestinal tract. A saturable component of absorption was not evident for proline and glycyl-proline in the distal intestine, and glycyl-sarcosine in any region. `Apparent diffusion', which may include low affinity, high capacity carrier systems and carrier-independent influx, appears to account for the majority of total uptake at higher concentrations of amino acids and dipeptides. There was competition between the dipeptides for transporter sites in the pyloric ceca and mid intestine, suggesting a common carrier. There was also indication of hydrolysis of these dipeptides by brush border membrane enzymes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007872929847
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tight Junctions of the Blood–Brain Barrier (2000)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 20 (2000), S. 57-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Schlagwort(e): tight junction ; blood–brain barrier ; morphology ; freeze–fracture ; cadherins ; catenins ; occludin ; cytoskeleton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 1. The blood–brain barrier is essential for the maintainance and regulation of the neural microenvironment. The blood–brain barrier endothelial cells comprise an extremely low rate of transcytotic vesicles and a restrictive paracellular diffusion barrier. The latter is realized by the tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature, which are subject of this review. Morphologically, blood–brain barrier-tight junctions are more similar to epithelial tight junctions than to endothelial tight junctions in peripheral blood vessels. 2. Although blood–brain barrier-tight junctions share many characteristics with epithelial tight junctions, there are also essential differences. However, in contrast to tight junctions in epithelial systems, structural and functional characteristics of tight junctions in endothelial cells are highly sensitive to ambient factors. 3. Many ubiquitous molecular constituents of tight junctions have been identified and characterized including claudins, occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, cingulin, and 7H6. Signaling pathways involved in tight junction regulation comprise, among others, G-proteins, serine, threonine, and tyrosine kinases, extra- and intracellular calcium levels, cAMP levels, proteases, and TNFα. Common to most of these pathways is the modulation of cytoskeletal elements which may define blood–brain barrier characteristics. Additionally, cross-talk between components of the tight junction– and the cadherin–catenin system suggests a close functional interdependence of the two cell–cell contact systems. 4. Recent studies were able to elucidate crucial aspects of the molecular basis of tight junction regulation. An integration of new results into previous morphological work is the central intention of this review.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006995910836
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological and biochemical characterization of the exocellular investments of polysaccharide-producing Nostoc strains from the Pasteur Culture Collection (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 655-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Exocellular investments ; exopolysaccharide ; morphology ; Nostoc ; Pasteur Culture Collection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract A total of 40 Nostoc strains, belonging to the Pasteur Culture Collection and originally isolated from different habitats, were photoautotrophically grown in liquid cultures and tested for the presence of exocellular polysaccharidic investments surrounding the trichomes. However, 25 of them showed a significant presence of these structures, coupled with the release of polysaccharidic material (RPS) into the medium. A rather large number of different morphological forms was observed in the cultures during growth, but at the time of harvesting the predominant morphological form was, in most cases, the vegetative trichome. With regard to the exocellular mucilaginous investments, three main types of morphologies were observed: (i) capsules surrounded by an external pellicle, (ii) capsules with sharp outlines but without an external pellicle, (iii) slimy investments that either loosely surrounded the trichomes without following their shape or were organized in large globular lumps. Among the twenty-five strains that released polysaccharides into the culture medium, three showed mean daily productivities ranging from 30 to 50 mg (RPS) l−1 d−1, values comparable with those of the most productive cyanobacterial strains so far described. The morphological characteristics of the polysaccharidic investments produced by the Nostoc strains seem not to be related to their original habitats. Furthermore, the differences in RPS productivities observed among the strains seem not to be related to the shape of the mucilaginous exocellular investments. Chemical analysis of purified samples of the polysaccharides demonstrated that all the polymers possess an acidic nature, due to the presence of uronic acids, and that they are characterized by the presence of a peptidic moiety and of amino sugars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008985722388
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermotolerant fungi erroneously reported in applied research work as possessing thermophilic attributes (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 869-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Biotechnology ; ecology ; fungi ; nomenclature ; synopsis ; taxonomy ; thermophilic ; thermotolerant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract In applied research work dealing with heat-tolerant fungi, currently classified into two groups: namely thermotolerants and thermophiles, information on levels of thermotolerance is generally scant. Cited binomials are often referred to as representatives of thermophilic taxa. The present contribution attempts to specify proper heat-tolerance levels of species cited in biotechnological papers of academic and applied research types published in the last four decades. This assessment integrates relevant available information concerning well defined thermotolerant taxa. Distinction between both groups of heat-tolerant fungi is a mean to optimize investigations of temperature-dependent physiological processes. The nomenclatural status of the binomials retrieved was also re-appraised following the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Articles of the code govern the legal validity of fungal names. The goal is to deter `ghost names' that have no status of any kind. Their use in the literature is not only a source of confusion but also hinders the preparation of sound reviews and reference documents. The intention was also to detect names which do not fulfill all criteria for a valid legal publication. Their status could then be validated if the taxonomic position of the fungus justifies this procedure. The taxonomic status of these thermotolerants was also re-examined following present-day knowledge of their respective genera. Integration of warranted taxonomic decisions in the literature of applied research is crucial. These decisions consider the status of a fungus as a valid species (proposed synonymies) or the nature of its generic affinities (name change). Strict application of these decisions severly reduces levels of heterogeneity regarding names used for the same organism. It also clarifies its generic affinities with other thermotolerant fungi. The present note is not an exhaustive assessment on the nomenclatural and taxonomic positions of known thermotolerant fungi, an ecological group for which a global document remains to be produced. It only deals with those taxa most commonly cited in the literature examined. Over 130 fungi are here considered. The group manifests a diversity of taxonomic characters since it includes members of the following systematic groupings: Oomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, anamorphic fungi and Holobasidiomycetes. Few new taxonomic synonyms and invalid binomials are introduced in the present contribution. The former concern the following taxa: Gilmaniella thermophila, Mucor thermoaerospora, Sporotrichum lignicola and Zalerion thermophylii. Three binomials proved to have no taxonomic status of any sort: Acremonium cellulophilum, Nodulisporium microsporum and N. thermoroseum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008979123304
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Young children's partitioning strategies (2000)
    Springer
    Educational studies in mathematics 43 (2000), S. 191-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0816
    Schlagwort(e): analog objects ; children's informal knowledge ; conceptual mapping ; fair shares ; partitive quotient fraction construct ; partitioning tasks ; partitioning strategies ; quantification ; taxonomy ; teaching interventions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Taxonomies for classifying children's partitioning strategies have generally focused on the contexts in which the strategies occur and whether the strategies generate fair shares. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to increase our knowledge about young children's partitioning strategies by setting out not only to identify new partitioning strategies but also to develop a taxonomy for classifying young children's partitioning strategies in terms of their ability to facilitate the abstraction of the partitive quotient fraction construct from the concrete activity of partitioning objects and/or sets of objects. Clinical interviews were conducted with twelve purposely-selected Year Three students. Each student was presented with a unique set of realistic partitioning tasks. The paper concludes with a taxonomy for: (i) qualitatively evaluating a child's progress towards the abstraction of the partitive quotient fraction construct, and (ii) planning and implementing teaching interventions commensurate with the child's level of progress towards the abstraction of the partitive quotient fraction construct. This taxonomy provides researchers and teachers with means of better utilising children's informal partitioning strategies as the foundation upon which to further develop their understandings of the partitive quotient fraction construct.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017513716026
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pichia sporocuriosa sp. nov., a new yeast isolated from rambutan (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): new yeast species ; Pichia sporocuriosa ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A strain of a hitherto undescribed yeast species with a unique ascospore morphology was isolated from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). A description of the new species, Pichia sporocuriosa, is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002095523955
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus subtilis and related taxa based on partial gyrA gene sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 78 (2000), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus subtilis ; gyrA ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Partial gyrA sequences were determined for twelve strains belonging to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. licheniformis, B. mojavensis,B. subtilis subsp. subtilis, B. subtilissubsp. spizizenii and B. vallismortis. The average nucleotide and translated amino acid similarities for the seven type strains were 83.7 and 95.1%, respectively, whereas the corresponding value for the 16S rRNA sequences was 99.1%. All of the type strains were sharply separated; the closest relationship was found between B. atrophaeus and B. mojavensis which shared a nucleotide similarity of 95.8%. Phylogenetic trees were inferred from gyrA nucleotide sequences using the neighbor-joining, Fitch–Margoliash and maximum parsimony algorithms. The test strains were divided into four groups, which generally reflected results previously reported in restriction digest and DNA-DNA hybridization studies. It is concluded from the comparative sequence analysis that the gyrA sequences provide a firm framework for the rapid and accurate classification and identification of Bacillus subtilis and related taxa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026555830014
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Re-examination of some species of the genus Geotrichum Link: Fr (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): DNA heterogeneity ; genome comparison ; Geotrichum ; taxonomy ; yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The nutritional physiology and the growth rate of thirty-four strains representing species of Geotrichum without known teleomorph states were examined. From twenty-seven strains the mol% G+C were calculated from the DNA melting curves. The first derivatives of the melting curves of seven strains, including the type strain of Geotrichum clavatum, demonstrated the presence of two peaks, 12% away from each other; the remaining strains showed only a single broad peak. DNA homology values among strains of the former group were high, indicating their conspecificity. The strains of the latter group could be subdivided into six DNA homology groups, four of which could be identified with recognized species and two may represent novel taxa. A combined key of Geotrichum and its teleomorph states Galactomyces and Dipodascus is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002030518989
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Species of the genus Psoroptes (Acari: Psoroptidae): A taxonomic consideration (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 24 (2000), S. 213-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Schlagwort(e): Psoroptes ; taxonomy ; species differentiation ; phenotype ; genotype
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The biosystematic status of mite species belonging to the genus Psoroptes Gervais, 1841 is difficult to determine by phenotypic methods and has been subject to taxonomic revisions and ongoing debate. At present, the existence of five species, P. cuniculi (Delafond, 1859), P. ovis (Hering, 1838), P. equi (Hering, 1838), P. cervinus Ward, 1915 and P. natalensis Hirst, 1919, is generally accepted. This classification is based mainly on the host species, the localization of the mites on their hosts and morphological characters of male mites. However, a critical review of the literature indicates that the features used to discriminate between the five species are not unequivocal: (a) the localization of mite populations on host animals is not completely strict, (b) the lengths of the outer opisthosomal setae of male mites, which are the main morphological features used for species discrimination, overlap between the five postulated species, and (c) host specificity cannot be deduced from results of transfer experiments. Rather, conspecificity of the members of the genus Psoroptes has to be presumed which is supported by molecular genetic analyses. On these grounds and on rules of priority P. cervinus Ward, 1915, P. cuniculi (Delafond, 1859), P. natalensis Hirst, 1919 and P. ovis (Hering, 1838) are seen as synonyms of P. equi (Hering, 1838).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006443722815
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Emendation of the basidiomycetous yeast genus Kondoa and the description of Kondoa aeria sp. nov (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Basidiomycetous yeasts ; Kondoa aeria sp. nov. ; ribosomal DNA sequencing ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genus Kondoa Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & Banno was erected to accommodate a single taxon, K. malvinella (Fell & Hunter) Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & Banno, which was transferred from the teliospore-forming genus Rhodosporidium Banno based on pronounced differences in the 5S and 26S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide sequences to R. toruloides Banno. In contrast with the original description, reinvestigation of K. malvinella revealed the formation of transversely septate (auricularioid) basidia that did not arise on teliospores, but formed directly on the dikaryotic mycelium. The four-celled basidia developed sterigmata on which forcibly discharged asymmetric basidiospores (ballistospores) were produced. Additionally, a new taxon emerged from the study of recent isolates, for which the name K. aeria sp. nov. is proposed. This new species produced two-celled auricularioid basidia on hyphae with incomplete clamp connections. Ballistospores arose on the basidia at the tip of sterigmata and, after ejection, germinated by budding. These observations led us to present an emended diagnosis for the genus Kondoa. Analysis of the sequence data from the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene showed a very close resemblance between K. aeria and K. malvinella in a cluster that also contained several Bensingtonia species. Taxa in this cluster share specific physiological traits and produce characteristic pinkish-cream to mauve colonies; in contrast, formation of ballistoconidia is only observed in the Bensingtonia species. Sequence data supported placement of K. malvinella and K. aeria in the `Agaricostilbum clade' of the Urediniomycetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002453628455
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic acclimation of shade-grown red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings to a high light environment (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 19 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Schlagwort(e): chlorophyll fluorescence ; competition ; morphology ; photosynthesis ; red pine ; stomatal conductance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Photosynthetic light acclimation in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings was examined in a greenhouse study to better understand the physiological response of this species to increased light intensity following release from competition. Seedlings grown in a high (HL), medium (ML) or low (LL) light environment for 12 weeks were transferred to high light. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of ML and LL seedlings were measured prior to and following transfer and compared with the HL control treatment. Photosynthetic characteristics were related to initial light treatment and time after transfer. Acclimation of gas exchange features to high light in shade formed ML and LL foliage was relatively rapid, with similar values among light treatments within 57 days of transfer. Acclimation of net photosynthetic rate was similar in ML and LL seedlings, and was associated primarily with increased mesophyll conductance to CO2. The ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) decreased initially after transfer, especially in LL seedlings, but recovered to normal values after 57 days. Red pine seedlings appear to be well adapted for photosynthetic acclimation to high light intensity, consistent with that reported for other early successional tree species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006668928091
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An information retrieval system for VIR's herbarium, St. Petersburg, Russia, as a tool for cultivated plant research (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): cultivated plants ; databases ; herbarium ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The herbarium collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (WIR) contains specimens of cultivated plants, their wild relatives and weedy plants and provides ample opportunities for research. It is a unique special herbarium collection and one of those rare collections having a card index (catalog). For the catalog to be functional, it should reflect the current changes in the taxa names. Only a computerized card file may meet this requirement. The creation of a database for VIR's herbarium was launched in 1995. VIR is carrying out a range of work necessary for providing a wider access to its herbarium and related information for the international scientific community.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008762024513
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Population diversity of the Vicia sativa agg. (Fabaceae) in the flora of the former USSR deduced from RAPD and seed protein analyses (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): evolution ; genetic resources ; RAPDs ; seed protein electrophoresis ; taxonomy ; Vicia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The genetic diversity of 58 wild and weedy populations representing taxa within the V. sativa aggregate from the former USSR, 4 cultivars of V. sativa, 2 accessions of V. cordata and 3 accessions of V. macrocarpa from Mediterranean countries were analysed using randomly amplified DNA fragments (RAPDs) and seed protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Interspecific variation between taxa in the V. sativa aggregate could readily be detected using both techniques. RAPDs and seed protein patterns were found to be an effective means of identifying accessions that cannot be identified clearly by morphological criteria alone. RAPD and seed protein analysis revealed a clear relationship between observed genetic variation of populations and their geographical distribution. Populations from each region had their own gene pools. Geographical variation was detected in V. segetalis. The degree of genetic divergence between local populations was usually related to proximity. In several locations where wild and weedy populations of different V. sativa agg. taxa grow sympatrically, intermediate forms could be detected at the DNA and protein levels. Both RAPD and seed protein analysis support the view that the V. sativa aggregate consists of 8 taxa warranting recognition at the species level. Several species in this aggregate are evolving intra-specific groups which can readily be detected at the molecular level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008756420011
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The contributions of Ulrich K. Einsle to the taxonomy of the copepoda (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 417 (2000), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; copepods ; Einsle ; chromatin diminution ; enzyme electrophoresis ; Cyclops
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003806912364
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three species of Tobrilidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Li River at Guiling, China (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 421 (2000), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Tobrilidae ; new record ; Nematoda ; taxonomy ; China
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Eutobrilus annetteae Joubert & Heyns, 1979 with its male reported for the first time, Semitobrilus pellucidus (Bastian, 1865) Tsalolichin, 1983, and Epitobrilus allophysis(Steiner, 1919) Tsalolichin, 1996 are described from the Li River at Guiling, China. The male of Eutobrilus annetteae is characterized by lots of crystalloids inside body, almost straight spicules about one anal body diameter long and seven equally sized supplements. Semitobrilus pellucidus from Guiling shows large variation in body width, position of amphids, form of buccal cavity, distance between denticles, direction of vagina, arrangement of oocytes, and shape of eggs. It is different from other populations in its shorter cephalic setae, less than 60% of head width, in its shorter tail and smaller c′ value. In males, there are 6–9 supplements, reduced and irregulary spaced. Epitobrilus allophysisis characterized by its labial setae longer than 50% of head width, small, posteriorly located ovoid amphid, single egg occupying whole space of uterus and blunt tail tip.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003981807711
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Subgeneric differentiation within Kurzia (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) and a new species from Central America (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 421 (2000), S. 165-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Kurzia ; Crustacea ; Anomopoda ; Chydoridae ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Cladocera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genus Kurzia is divided into two subgenera: Kurzia s. str. and Rostrokurzia n. subg. Subgenus Kurzia includes Kurzia (K.) latissima Kurz, 1874, with a palearctic -, Kurzia (K.) polyspina n. sp. with a neotropic - , and Kurzia (K.) cf. media (Birge, 1879) with a nearctic distribution. Rostrokurzia includes Kurzia (R.) longirostris Daday, 1898 (pantropical distribution), and Kurzia (R.) brevilabris Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1986, from subtropical and tropical Asia. Kurzia latissima Kurz, 1874, from Central Europe is redescribed in detail.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003919712255
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick 1882 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda): a redescription based on North American material and designation of a neotype from Minnesota (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 428 (2000), S. 67-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Anomopoda ; Ilyocryptidae ; Ilyocryptus spinifer ; morphology ; North America ; neotype ; redescription
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphology of Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882 is redescribed based on material from USA and Canada with special attention to features, regarded now as important for Ilyocryptidae taxonomy. Morphological variability is analysed, and a neotype of this species is designated from Lake Alice Bog, MN, USA. Scanning electron microscopy is used to illustrate fine morphological details. Males, ephippial females and ephippia are described for the first time for North American populations. Historical descriptions of well-known previous North American authors are critically discussed. Only a single species from I. spinifer s. lat. species group is present in USA and Canada, Ilyocryptus longiremis Sars 1888 is a junior synonym of I. spinifer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003983723896
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the Ilyocryptus spinifer-species group (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with description of a new species (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 428 (2000), S. 85-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Anomopoda ; `Cladocera' ; Ilyocryptus ; morphology ; variability ; systematics ; world fauna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We studied the morphology and variability of Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882 from different parts of the world using optical microscopy and SEM, re-examining type material wherever possible. Morphometric analysis failed to reveal significant regional differences between populations. The following species names for members of Ilyocryptus spinifer group, I. halyi Brady, 1886; I. longiremis Sars, 1888; I. immundus F. Mueller in Ihering, 1895; I. verrucosus Daday, 1905; and I. tetraspinatus Berganim, 1939, are junior synonyms of I. spinifer. A new species from this group is described from Queensland, Australia. Ilyocryptus timmsi n. sp. shows unique morphological characters in the armature of the lateral swimming setae of the antennal endopod, its apical segment and the postabdominal claws.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003977208875
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New and little known Nematodes (Monhysteroida, Nematoda) from the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle Channel (Chile) (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 429 (2000), S. 9-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; marine nematodes ; Sabatieria ; Metacomesoma ; Paramonhystera ; Siphonolaimus ; the Strait of Magellan ; Chile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Six species of Monhysteroida are described from the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle Channel, Chile. Three species of which, Sabatieria heipi n. sp., Paramonhystera geraerti n. sp. and Siphonolaimus smetti n. sp., are new to science. Sabatieria heipi n. sp. is characterised by a body length of 1529–1934 μm, cuticle punctuations with lateral differentiation; cephalic setae 5 μm long, amphids spiral with 4.0–4.2 turns, 10–11 μm in diameter; spicules 76 μm (2.1 anal body diameter), with a 6 μm projection in the ventral distal extremity, 11 minute precloacal supplements; tail 3.7–4.7 anal body diameter (abd) long with enlarged tip. Paramonhystera geraerti n. sp. is characterised by a body size of 705–767 μm; head diameter 12 μm, the cephalic setae 6 μm; amphids circular, 9–10 μm in diameter; spicules slender 108–116 μm (5.6 abd) long, 5 precloacal supplements; and tail 4.0–5.2 abd. Siphonolaimus smetti n. sp. is characterised by the long spear (40–45 μm), head diameter 11–12 μm, amphids circular, 12–13 μm in diameter or 50–57% of corresponding body diameter; the spicules 55 μm and 1.5 abd; tail conical, 2.8 abd (males) and 4.0 abd (females) long. Three other species, i.e. Metacomesoma cyatholaimoides Wieser, 1954, Paramonhystera biforma Wieser, 1956 and P. megacephala (Steiner, 1916) are redescribed. A key of all known species of Paramonhystera is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003995005971
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two new species of Mesocyclops from southern China and notes on the genus Mesocyclops in China (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 429 (2000), S. 115-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Mesocyclops mariae n.sp. ; Mesocyclops shenzhenensis n. sp. ; Guangxi ; Guangdong ; China ; taxonomy ; distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two new Mesocyclops species, M. mariae n. sp. and M. shenzhenensisn. sp., are described from southern China, the former species from Guangxi province, the latter from Guangdong province. Both species have setules on the medial margin of the caudal rami. Compared with each other, there are some conspicuous differences, such as the spinule pattern of the antenna basipodite, the structure of receptaculum seminis, the armature of coxopodite and basipodite of P4 and the armature of the caudal rami. The paper also compares the two new species with their supposedly closest relatives, M. pseudospinosus Dussart & Fernando, 1988, M. leuckarti(Claus, 1857) and M. pehpeiensisHu, 1943. In addition, other species of Mesocyclops in China are discussed and a key to 10 Chinese species of Mesocyclops is provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004028731322
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A review on the occurrence and taxonomy of heterotrophic protists in extreme acidic environments of pH values ≤ 3 (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 433 (2000), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): acid ; taxonomy ; protists ; ciliate ; flagellate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The occurrence and some important taxonomic problems of heterotrophic protists from extremely acidic (pH ≤3) environments are briefly discussed. Almost all information on the occurrence of heterotrophic protists from extremely acidic environments is restricted to acid mine drainage (AMD) or streams influenced by AMD. Most of the information is provided for ciliates. Very little information is available on the occurrence of flagellates, rhizopods and heliozoa in this environment. Within the ciliates Urotricha, Vorticella and Oxytricha dominate in acidic mining lakes. Actinophrys sp. is the most important heliozoan in these environments. There are many taxonomic problems which are not solved so far. Live observations and taxonomic methods adapted to the extreme chemical matrix are necessary for correct identification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004039309694
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomic re-evaluation of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5 based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 438 (2000), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Aphanizomenon ; Cyanobacteria ; 16S rRNA ; morphology ; sequences ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The taxonomy of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae strain NH-5, a producer of cyanotoxins, was re-evaluated by comparison with six other Aphanizomenon strains using morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strain NH-5 was concluded to be improperly identified as Aph. flos-aquae based upon (1) lack of bundle formation in the trichomes, (2) location of akinetes next to heterocytes, (3) lower similarities (less than 97.5%) in the 16S rRNA gene sequences relative to Aph. flos-aquae strains, and (4) comparison within a phylogenetic tree constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequences. The Aphanizomenon strains investigated in this study are classified to four morphological groups as described by the classical taxonomy of Komárek & Kovácik (1989). This classification was supported from the phylogenetic results of 16S rRNA gene sequences. This study also discusses the generic boundaries between Aphanizomenon and Anabaena.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004166029866
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