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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Forest Entomology and Pathology : Volume 1: Entomology (2023)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Zoology. ; Plant diseases. ; Forestry. ; Geology. ; Zoology. ; Plant Pathology. ; Forestry. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I: Introduction to Forest Entomology -- 1. Introduction to and the Importance of Insects -- 2. Form and Function -- 3. Forest Arthropod Biodiversity -- 4. Insect Ecology -- 5. Forest Insect Population Dynamics -- 6. Forest Insect -Natural Enemy Interactions -- 7. Forest Insect-Plant Interactions -- 8. Insects and Forest Succession. Section II: Categories of Insects that Damage Trees -- 9. Foliage Feeders -- 10. Bark Beetles -- 11. Ambrosia Beetles -- 12. Woodborers in Forest Stands -- 13. Sap-sucking Forest Pests -- 14. Gall Formers -- 15. Tip, Shoot, Root and Regeneration Pests -- 16. Insects of Reproductive Structures -- Section III: Management of Forest Insect Pests -- 17. IPM: the Forest Context -- 18. Spatial Dynamics of Forest Insects -- 19. Monitoring and Surveillance of Forest Insects -- 20. Silviculture -- Section IV: Future Prospects -- 21. Forest Health in the Anthropocene -- 22. Climate Change and Forest Insect Pests -- 23. Forest Insect Invasions and their Management.
    Abstract: This open access book will provide an introduction to forest entomology, the principles and techniques of forest insect pest management, the different forest insect guilds/feeding groups, and relevant forest insect pest management case studies. In addition to covering 30% of the earth, forest ecosystems provide numerous timber and non-timber products that affect our daily lives and recreational opportunities, habitat for diverse animal communities, watershed protection, play critical roles in the water cycle, and mitigate soil erosion and global warming. In addition to being the most abundant organisms in forest ecosystems, insects perform numerous functions in forests, many of which are beneficial and critical to forest health. Conversely, some insects damage and/or kill trees and reduce the capacity of forests to provide desired ecosystem services. The target audience of this book is upper-level undergraduate and graduate students and professionals interested in forest health and entomology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 810 p. 149 illus., 119 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031115530
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0
    DDC: 590
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sporothrix eucalypti (sp. nov.), a shoot and leaf pathogen ofEucalyptus in South Africa (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 123 (1993), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Eucalyptus shoot and leaf pathogen ; Sporothrix eucalypti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A species ofSporothrix was consistently isolated from leaf spots and serious shoot infections on a clone ofEucalyptus grandis in Northern Natal, South Africa. The fungus was morphologically distinct from other species in the genus and is consequently described as a new taxon,S. eucalypti. Sporothrix eucalypti was shown to be highly virulent in pathogenicity tests on a number ofE. grandis clones. Significant differences amongst susceptibility of clones were also detected in these tests.Sporothrix eucalypti represents a new pathogen ofEucalyptus that has the potential to cause substantial damage to this host in South Africa and probably elsewhere in the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01111267
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A serious canker disease of Eucalyptus in South Africa caused by a new species of Coniothyrium (1996)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 136 (1996), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Eucalyptus stem canker ; Coniothyrium zuluense ; tree disease ; South Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eucalyptus spp. are being propagated extensively as exotics in plantations in South Africa, and many other parts of the world. In South Africa, a number of diseases result in serious losses to this resource. This paper describes a new and very damaging stem canker disease, which has recently appeared on plantation-grown eucalyptus in South Africa. The disease, first noted in an isolated location in Zululand is now common in other parts of the country, and is typified by discrete necrotic lesions on stems. These lesions coalesce to form large, gum-impregnated cankers and malformed stems. The causal agent of the disease, as inferred from pathogenicity tests, is a new species of Coniothyrium described here as C. zuluense. This fungus is a serious impediment to eucalypt propagation in South Africa, and is most likely a threat to similar forest industries elsewhere in the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00438919
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leptographium pini-densiflorae sp. nov. from Japanese red pine (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: blue-stain fungi ; Leptographium pini-densiflorae ; Pinus densiflora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract ALeptographium species was isolated from deadPinus densiflora at six sites in Japan. The fungus is morphologically most similar toL. lundbergii but could be distinguished from that species by its short stipes, primary branches of conidiophores, and conidia with a rounded to sub-truncate base. In addition, the colony morphology, growth rate and tolerance to the antibiotic cycloheximide of theLeptographium species andL. lundbergii differed markedly. Here we describe the fungus as a new species,Leptographium pini-densiflorae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461660
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ophiostomatoid fungi associated withIps cembrae in Japan and their pathogenicity of Japanese larch (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 367-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Ceratocystiopsis minuta ; Ceratocystic laricicola ; inoculation experiment ; Ips cembrae ; Ophiostoma spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six ophiostomatoid fungi, i.e.,Ceratocystiopsis minuta, Ceratocystis laricicola, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum, O. laricis, O. piceae andOphiostoma sp., were isolated from the galleries ofIps cembrae on Japanese Iarch (Larix kaempferi) logs in central Honshu, Japan. Japanese larch trees approximately 30 yr old were inoculated with all six fungi.Ceratocystis laricicola produced the largest lesions on the inner bark around the inoculation point and the largest dry zone in the sapwood. Furthermore,C. laricicola was the only fungus associated withI. cembrae that had the ability to kill Japanese larch, death occurring in 30-yr-old trees within 3.5 mo after inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460897
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A newLeptographium species associated withTomicus piniperda in south-western China (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: China ; Leptographium ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Tomicus piniperda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomicus species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are serious pests of pines with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia and America. In Yunnan, south-western China,T. piniperda has destroyed more than 0.5 million ha ofPinus yunnanensis in the past 15 years. A blue stain fungus belonging to the genusLeptographium is associated with both the shoot-feeding and trunk-attacking stages of the beetle's life cycle. The fungus is morphologically similar to the anamorph ofOphiostoma crassivaginatum and toL. pyrinum, which are both characterised by short robust conidiophores and hyphae covered by a granular layer. Both these species have been isolated from conifers and are associated with insects. After comparing the fungus fromT. piniperda with similarLeptographium species, using light and scanning electron microscopy, we concluded that it represents a new taxon, which is described here asL. yunnanense sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460923
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NewLeptographium species from Indonesia and Eastern North America (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 595-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: conifer swift moth ; conifers ; Ips ; Leptographium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leptographium species have predominantly been described from North America, Canada and Europe. These fungi generally occur on conifers and many cause blue-stain of lumber. MostLeptographium species are also associated with insects and in particular, bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Recently, an unknown species ofLeptographium was isolated from pine infested with anIps sp. in Indonesia. In addition, two unknown species have been collected from red spruce (Picea rubra) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) roots from high elevation sites in Eastern North America. The latter isolates are unusual in that they are associated with the feeding wounds made by the conifer swift mothKorscheltellus gracilus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), which is a habitat unique for species ofLeptographium. Comparison with knownLeptographium species has revealed that the isolates from Indonesia and those from Eastern North America represent three previously undescribed taxa. They are, therefore, described in this study asL. pineti sp. nov,L. abieticolens sp. nov. andL. peucophilum sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in Pathogenicity Among South African Isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: climate ; Eucalyptus smithii ; growth rate ; isozymes ; mating types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phytophthora cinnamomi isolates from South Africa were evaluated for differences in growth rate in vitro and levels of pathogenicity towards Eucalyptus smithii in the field. Inoculations were conducted in the field in summer and winter in two subsequent years at two locations in South Africa using 59 P. cinnamomi isolates. The isolates differed significantly in growth rate in vitro, as well as in levels of pathogenicity to E. smithii in the field. Growth rate in vitro was significantly influenced by interactions with culture age, geographic origin and genetic background as determined using isozymes. Levels of pathogenicity in the field were influenced by season of inoculation and average minimum temperatures at trial sites. The host from which P. cinnamomi isolates were originally obtained did not significantly affect levels of pathogenicity in the field. Culture age had a significant negative effect on growth rate in vitro and pathogenicity in the field. Significant differences in levels of pathogenicity could be found for different multilocus isozyme genotypes. Geographic origin and mating type of P. cinnamomi isolates had no significant effect on levels of pathogenicity in the field. A positive correlation was found between growth rate in vitro and levels of pathogenicity in the field. Levels of variation for pathogenicity within A1 mating type isolates were significantly lower than for A2 mating type isolates. Results of this study provide valuable information on selection of P. cinnamomi isolates for future resistance/tolerance screening assays of Eucalyptus germplasm in South Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008780429770
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene and Genotypic Diversity of Phytophthora cinnamomi in South Africa and Australia Revealed by DNA Polymorphisms (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 667-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: asexual reproduction ; mating types ; oomycetes ; origin ; RAPD ; RFLP ; population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phytophthora cinnamomi isolates from South Africa and Australia were compared to assess genetic differentiation between the two populations. These two populations were analysed for levels of phenotypic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and gene and genotypic diversity using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Sixteen RAPD markers from four decanucleotide Operon primers and 34 RFLP alleles from 15 putative loci were used. A few isolates from Papua New Guinea known to posses alleles different from Australian isolates were also included for comparative purposes. South African and Australian P. cinnamomi populations were almost identical with an extremely low level of genetic distance between them (Dm=0.003). Common features for the two populations include shared alleles, low levels of phenotypic/genotypic diversity, high clonality, and low observed and expected levels of heterozygosity. Furthermore, relatively high levels of genetic differentiation between mating type populations (Dm South Africa=0.020 and Dm Australia=0.025 respectively), negative fixation indices, and significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, all provided evidence for the lack of frequent sexual reproduction in both populations. The data strongly suggest that both the South African and Australian P. cinnamomi populations are introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008755532135
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Description: Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database. A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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