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  • Articles  (51,375)
  • American Chemical Society  (40,602)
  • Institute of Physics  (9,069)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (1,039)
  • Emerald  (665)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 2000-2004  (31,906)
  • 1970-1974  (19,469)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (40,928)
  • Mathematics  (10,447)
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  • Articles  (51,375)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement in cooking quality of soybean (glycine max) by presoaking treatment with enzyme (lipase) solution (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presoaking treatment of partially defatted soy dhal in water or enzyme (lipase) solution for one, two and four hours decreased the cooking time substantially. When soy dhal was soaked in water for one, two and four hours, it resulted in 0 per cent, 1.24 per cent and 6.17 per cent decrease in cooking time over the unsoaked soy dhals, respectively. Soaking defatted soy dhal in lipase enzyme solution at three different concentrations, i.e. 0.5 per cent, 0.75 per cent and 1.0 per cent reduced the cooking time from 62.96 per cent to 74.69 per cent, over the control (unsoaked soy dhal) depending on the presoaking period. As the soaking period was increased from one to four hours irrespective of the concentration used, decrease in cooking time was observed. Maximum decrease in cooking time was found with soaking in 1 per cent concentration of lipase solution for four hours. There were non-significant differences between the organoleptic scores of water soaked and enzyme soaked dhal. However, sensory scores of soy dhal were slightly improved by lipase enzyme soaking when compared to water soaked soy dhal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410516153
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does diet protect against Parkinson's disease? Part 2 - Fat (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects up to one in ten of those over 80 and is currently incurable. Much current research focus on the preclinical period of damage and it is believed that diet may affect the development of the disease. This paper is the second in a series on diet and PD and outlines the effect dietary fat may have on disease prevalence. Initial dietary analysis studies indicated that fat intake appeared to be associated with raised incidences of PD, this probably being due to animal rather than vegetable fat. Results indicated that animal fat was associated with an up to fivefold increased risk of PD whereas vegetable fat did not appear to affect incidence. More recent evidence questions this finding, as, whilst a similar trend exists, the statistical significance is not strong. Likewise the study methodology is all retrospective and could introduce significant recall bias. Nonetheless, it would be recommended that individuals at risk of PD should alter their fat intake in favour of vegetable fat, whilst reducing overall levels in line with healthy eating guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410544828
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy requirements for palm-kernel oil processing operations (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 166-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Direct energy utilization in nine palm-kernel oil (PKO) mills located in Southwestern Nigeria was analyzed. The mills were stratified into small, medium and large-scale categories, based on their modes of operations and production capacities. Evaluation of energy usage was carried out in the seven readily defined unit operations namely: palm-nut drying, palm-nut cracking, palm-kernel roasting, palm-kernel crushing, PKO expression, PKO sifting and PKO bottling/pumping. PKO extraction rates in the three mill categories were evaluated. The average PKO extraction rate for small, medium and large mills were 48.45 percent, 42.68 percent and 36.24 percent, respectively. The total energy expenditure in small, medium and large-scale PKO mills were 350.89MJ/tonne, 230.70MJ/tonne and 181.74MJ/tonne, respectively. This suggests that the unit energy requirement for PKO output decreases as mill capacity increases. The four most highly energy-intensive operations identified were palm-nut cracking, palm-kernel roasting, palm-kernel crushing and PKO expression, altogether accounting for 95.29, 92.14 and 93.65 percent of total energy used in small, medium and large-scale mills, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410544864
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre- and post-expiry metal levels in canned dry milk (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Levels of 12 metals (Ca, K, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) were estimated in 19 different imported brands of unexpired and expired canned dry milk available from local markets. The HNO3/HClO4-based wet digestion method was used for the analysis of the samples by the FAAS technique under optimum analytical conditions. Of the macronutrients, Ca showed highest at 1,144?µg/g in the dry milk from Holland. In the case of micronutrients, Fe showed the maximum level at 119.15?µg/kg in the milk from UK. Cr dominated at 23.19?µg/kg compared with other heavy toxic trace elements. The following order of decreasing concentration was observed for both unexpired and expired milk: Ca 〉 Na 〉 K 〉 Mg 〉 Fe 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Cd. All the trace elements were found to have 100 per cent incidence of occurrence. The expired milk samples showed enhanced levels of Fe, Zn, Cr and Pb by a factor of 1.2-1.6 on average. The results of the metal contents were compared with those for fresh cow milk. The data were statistically evaluated to find bivariate correlation between the metals in pre- and post-expiry milks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410529023
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast food: dietary perspectives (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 80-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Consideration is given to the fast food debate in the context of a healthy diet. Fast food products readily available in retail outlets in the London area are reported on. It is apparent from this exercise that consumers can make informed choices in accord with the Balance of Good Health. Quantitative ingredient declarations on packaging clearly show, which foods are present in the order of percentage in the food product. Further information is provided through nutritional labelling. Lifestyles which demand fast foods are possibly a risk factor for gastrointestinal disturbances through eating quickly as opposed to eating fast foods per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410529050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does diet protect against Parkinson's disease? Part 1 - vitamin E (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Whilst Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incurable recent evidence has suggested that diet may have a role in delaying the onset of symptoms and/or reducing the risk of developing the disease. This paper is the first in a series on diet and PD and outlines the effect that vitamin E may have on the prevalence of the disease. Results have indicated that a doubled intake of vitamin E has been associated with a reduction in disease incidence of up to 70 per cent, possibly due to reducing the effects of oxidative stress. Raised intake of peanuts and salad dressing has also associated with a reduced risk of PD. Although no guaranteed protection can be conferred by vitamin E intake it can be recommended that individuals at risk of PD could increase their intake as it may be of benefit and is unlikely to be harmful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410536700
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cocoa powder extract on plasma glucose levels in hyperglycaemic rats (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 116-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study was carried out to examine the effect of cocoa extract (CE) on plasma glucose levels in hyperglycaemic rats induced with streptozotocin. Three concentrations of CE were used to study its effect on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the normal group, CE at 0.5 per cent concentration had significantly reduced the glucose level (p〈0.05) at 0 and 60?min, 1.0 per cent at 0 (p〈0.05), 60 (p〈0.01) and 180?min (p〈0.01), 3.0 per cent at 60 (p〈0.05) and 180?min (p〈0.01) as compared to control. In hyperglycaemic group, 3.0 per cent CE had reduced the glucose level significantly (p〈0.05) at 60 as compared to control. Based on the results from OGTT, 3.0 per cent concentration was used to evaluate the effect of CE in a 2-week study. There was no significant difference in reduced plasma glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycaemic and normal rats, which were given basal diet enriched with 3.0 per cent CE extracted from cocoa powder as compared to the control (basal diet).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410536737
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional aspects of breast milk (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An attempt has been made to appraise the nutritional uniqueness of breast milk for infants. Colostrum, being rich in nutritional attributes, must be offered to infants after birth. Advantages proclaimed by breast milk are better digestibility, absorption, intestinal and brain development and protection of children from getting over-weight. Feeding of fresh breast milk rather than stored or boiled milk is suggested to avoid nutritional losses. Human milk does not completely satisfy the nutritional requirement of infants over three months old and is required to be supplemented with solid foods. Technological innovations made in commercial infant milk powder have not been able to meet the critical nutritional requirements of infants. Since no formulae can duplicate breast milk completely, governmental regulations therefore should stress the importance of breast feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410544837
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit anthracnose in the humid forest region of south-western Nigeria (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The etiology of fruit anthracnose in hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) was investigated at Ibadan, Osogbo, and Ikenne in the lowland forest zone of western Nigeria. Collectotrichum capsici (Synd) Butler & Bisby was found associated with the fruit anthracnose of hot pepper in all locations. Out of 300 plants examined in all the locations, over 70 per cent had fruit anthracnose, while in some pepper fields all the fruits produced had the disease symptom. The pathogen overseasoned in pepper plant debris. A high inoculum population of 4.9×106?g-1 colony forming units/g was estimated in the soil of pepper fields. The seed from the infected hot pepper fruits also carried propergules of the pathogen. The fungus was also found on Lycopersicon esculentus, C. annum and Vigna unguiculata growing in and around the pepper fields. Pepper fruits infection by the disease occurs during the peak of the rainy season beginning in patches which spread later, resulting in extensive infection of the pepper field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410536755
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Health Education Trust and the health of young people today and tomorrow (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 156-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Health Education Trust (HET) was created to promote the development of health education for young people in the UK through work with young adults and children to encourage the growth of healthy lifestyles. This paper reviews the work of the HET Web site, www.healthedtrust.com The Trust has recently developed its Web site with the aim of facilitating easy access to practical information, policy updates, research news and examples of good practice for all who are interested and concerned about young people's health issues. Through utilising the Web site it is hoped that beneficial information and ideas will be spread more quickly and put into practice elsewhere, thus enabling swifter progress towards healthier lifestyles for our children. This paper describes current Web site activities, which in themselves, provide a keyhole through to exploring the rapidly evolving field of activities, both central and national, all geared towards addressing the health and wellbeing of young people today and for tomorrow. The paper will be useful to any professionals who have a role to play, or an interest, perhaps as a parent, in the area of nutrition and lifestyle education for young people. The more information available and general "noise" relating to good nutrition, healthy lifestyles and the practical means to achieving these, the more likely we are to achieve better health for future generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410544846
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Household consumption of stock cubes and stock powder in the Vaal Triangle of SA (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This is the pilot study of a larger project in which fortification was evaluated in a clinical intervention trial in the Vaal Triangle of South Africa. The main purpose is to determine the suitability of stock cubes and stock powder as possible vehicles for fortification. A questionnaire was developed to determine stock cube and stock powder consumption patterns and handed out to the 802 subjects in the randomly selected sample, after testing for reliability. The results showed that 97 per cent of respondents (n=802) used stock cubes or powder daily in cooking, mainly stews, with the total consumption being 26 per cent chicken, 24 per cent beef, 15 per cent oxtail, 12 per cent mutton, 12 per cent tomato and 11 per cent vegetable. Stock cubes (79 per cent) were more popular than stock powder (21 per cent). From a consumption point of view, compared with other staple foods such as wheat flour, sugar and maize meal, stock cubes and/or stock powder are consumed on a daily basis by 97 per cent respondents and might thus be suitable vehicles for delivering micronutrients to many population groups without major changes in food production or changes in customary diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410544873
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does diet protect against Parkinson's disease? Part 4 - vitamins and minerals (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 198-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper is the fourth in a series on Parkinson's disease and diet and investigates the role which antioxidant vitamins A and C, niacin and selenium may have on the incidence of the disease. Oxidative stress is believed to be a key factor in the development of PD and all of these have a role in preventing oxidative stress mediated cell damage. Dietary information was obtained via questionnaires. Vitamin C was found to reduce the risk of PD by 40 per cent in one study, although this was not supported by other studies. Niacin was associated with an at least 70 per cent reduced risk of PD incidence in a number of studies. No evidence was found to support a role for vitamin A or selenium. There is a need for further research to support or disprove the roles of these antioxidant vitamins within the aetiology of PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410560343
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimisation of the utilisation of cashew apple in yogurt production (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 17-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cashew apple was used as a nutritional additive in the production of yogurt. The yogurt so produced (CAY-A) had a higher vitamin C content of 53.70g/100ml than both samples B and C with values 14.1/100ml and 19.2g/100ml of vitamin C respectively. The cashew apple fortified yogurt was evaluated for physicochemical parameters like pH, refractive index, dpecific gravity, titratable acidity, ash, moisture, protein and fat and the values 4.10 (pH), 20° Brix soluble solid content, specific gravity 1.023, titratable acidity (0.78g/100ml lactic acid), 0.84 per cent ash, 77.0 per cent moisture, 3.22 per cent protein and 3.2 per cent fat were obtained. The three yogurts produced were presented to ten regular tasters of yogurt for sensory evaluations using Fan Milk yogurt as the reference sample C. Assessors were asked to identify the odd sample. This method was used to determine if ingredient substitution or some other change in the manufacturing process could result in a detectable difference in products. The result obtained indicated that the yogurt into which cashew apple had been added compared favorably with the reference sample in all the attributes evaluated and there was no significant difference at p = 0.05.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410516171
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cooking practices (boiling and frying) on the protein and amino acids contents of four selected fishes (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 54-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study was aimed to estimate and compare the contents of protein and amino acids in raw, boiled and fried fishes of Indian mackerel "kembong" (Rastrelliger kanagurta), sardine (Sardina pilchardus), red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicusx) and black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Protein contents of raw mackerel, sardine, red and black tilapia were 8.1±0.0, 8.4±0.1, 9.6±0.4 and 9.0±0.0 percent, respectively. In a boiled fish, the protein contents were 7.9±0.1, 7.7±0.0, 7.5±0.1 and 8.9±0.1 percent, respectively, and for a fried fish the values were 8.6±0.5, 8.9±0.1, 9.1±0.2 and 8.4±0.0 percent, respectively. It was found that there was a significant difference (p〈0.01) in the protein content of the raw fish compared to the heat-treated ones for all the fishes. The study detected 17 components of essential amino acids (lysine, histidine, threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystein and tyrosine) in all the fishes. There was no significant difference in amino acids content among the boiled and fried fishes. In conclusion, heat treatment for five?minutes in boiling water (100°C) and frying for three?minutes in palm oil (160°C) did not alter the quality of protein in all the fishes studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410529005
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive Web-based programs for teaching nutrition (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 77-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes four simulations of functions found in a commercial dietary analysis program that are designed to be used in education. These include FitDiets, which illustrates the principle of energy balance and "healthiness" of diets, and programs that present a nutritional quiz, a food label and information on dietetic products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410529041
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutic aspects of breast milk (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 108-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An attempt has been made to appraise the therapeutic uniqueness of breast milk for infants. Colostrum being rich in therapeutic attributes must be offered to infants after birth to confer immunity to infective agents in the new environment. Feeding of fresh breast milk rather than stored or boiled milk is suggested to avoid therapeutic losses. Therapeutic advantages proclaimed by breast milk are in prevention of various diseases and allergy. Feeding of infants with infant milk formulae may pose health risks arising from faulty methods of preparation, sterilization of utensils and improper storage conditions of reconstituted milk. Breast milk is considered superior over other modified infant milk formulae owing to its various inherent therapeutic attributes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410536719
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Consumer perceptions of poultry meat: a qualitative analysis (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Consumer studies of meat have tended to use quantitative methodologies providing a wealth of statistically malleable information, but little in-depth insight into consumer perceptions of meat. The aim of the present study was therefore, to understand factors perceived important in the selection of chicken meat, using qualitative methodology. Focus group discussions were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and content analysed for major themes. Themes arising implied that "appearance" and "convenience" were the most important determinants of choice of chicken meat and these factors appeared to be associated with perceptions of freshness, healthiness, product versatility and concepts of value. A descriptive model has been developed to illustrate the interrelationship between factors affecting chicken meat choice. This study indicates that those involved in the production and retailing of chicken products should concentrate upon product appearance and convenience as market drivers for their products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410536746
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  • 18
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    Legumes and grains are important sources of selenium in the Mauritian vegetarian diet (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 20-24 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article focuses on the selenium (Se) content of 29 legumes and grains available in Mauritius. Selenium was determined using an ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometric method. Results showed that there was considerable variation in the Se content of the legumes and grains that varied from 0.009 ± 0.003µg/g in Dhall Mung (Phaseolus areus) to 1.380 ± 0.003µg/g in Gram Noir (Cicer arietinum). The overall mean Se content of the legumes and grains analysed was 0.231 ± 0.00µg/g. In conclusion, the present study tends to show that legumes and grains are important vehicles of Se intake in the Mauritian diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410516180
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  • 19
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    Physical fitness and health-related parameters in Flemish life-long vegetarians: a pilot study (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 29-41 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study was designed to assess the physical fitness and health status in 36 life-long vegetarians. Besides a general questionnaire a dietary diary was completed and several blood parameters were determined. Physical fitness profile was estimated by testing handgrip strength, leg explosive strength, dynamic abdominal muscle endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity. Body mass and length were measured for the determination of the BMI. The general questionnaire revealed that most of the subjects had healthy lifestyles. Nutritional intakes were not optimal with excess of some nutrients, but equally with some intakes not reaching the recommended daily allowances. Blood profile was normal for all evaluated parameters. Physical performance capacity was rather weak for strength-oriented tasks while a normal cardiorespiratory endurance capacity was measured. Our results indicate that a vegetarian diet is not automatically a healthy diet. Proper food choices need to be made to assure the completeness and to avoid excesses or deficiencies in the diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410516207
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  • 20
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    Does diet protect against Parkinson's disease? Part 3 - fruit, vegetables and grains (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 194-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Parkinson's disease is an age-related brain disease which is currently incurable. The long period during which damage occurs but symptoms are not evident is a focus of research with an aim to finding ways of reducing damage. This paper is the third in a series of diet and PD and covers the evidence for a role of fruit, vegetables and grains in the development of PD. Evidence is not conclusive but suggests that increasing the consumption of fruit, vegetables and grains may reduce the incidence of PD. A small number of studies have found a positive association between fruit and vegetables and PD but this may be due to chemical contamination. There is a need for further research to be carried out, preferably as part of a large ongoing study, rather than using retospective data, with its inherent bias.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410560352
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    Protein energy malnutrition in complemented breast-fed babies: implications of the timing of complementary feeding (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 206-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study investigated the association between complementation and protein energy malnutrition among 201 rural and urban women with infants of 0-18 months of age in the Osun State of Nigeria. The infants mothers were interviewed about their child feeding practices and anthropometric measurements were made on the infants. The result indicated growth faltering in infants from one month old in rural areas and from four months old in the urban communities. Stunting was prevalent and underweight and wasting were also noticed in the study population as a consequence of early introduction of complementary foods. The main recommendations were that complementary foods should not be introduced before the infant is four-six months of age and that the complementary foods used presently should be improved nutritionally through a long-term nutritional public education.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410560370
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    An examination of data on the Scottish diet (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 246-252 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This research paper aims to briefly summarize data from the Taylor, Nelson Sofres studies on diet, compiled by Friary Marketing and Consulting Group and make some comparisons with those of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs' National Food Survey for household food consumption. Studies show that the diet of the Scots provides a higher proportion of fat, contains less fruit and vegetables, supplies less energy from foods and beverages, includes a greater proportion of meals eaten out of the home and incorporates considerably more fried foods - both within and outside the home. Notes that 40 per cent of the Scots were of social class D and E. Shows similarities between the NFS data for household food consumption and that of Friary Marketing and Consulting Group. Suggestions are made for improving the diet of the Scots.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410568291
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    Food and residential care in old age (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 83-88 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In Scotland and Finland, a relatively small proportion of older people are in some form of residential care, but their numbers are not insubstantial given generally increased longevity. Moreover, those currently in residential care tend to be among the most vulnerable survivors of their generation. Residential care for older people has always been something of a paradox. The state has extensively recognised the vulnerability of those who can no longer care for themselves, or be cared for by their partner and family. However, provision is seldom adequate for the scale of demand and even commercial provision is characterised by low staffing ratios and unmet training needs. This paper outlines the development of Leonardo funded training materials for use across the European Union.
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    A need for effective health education programme for diabetic patients in Mauritius (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 113-115 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper focuses on the assessment of educational need of diabetic in-patients in medical wards in a regional hospital in Mauritius. Based on a questionnaire survey among 50 diabetic patients admitted to medical wards in a hospital, the present findings showed that the majority of the patients did not know what constitutes a fibre rich diet and were not even aware of their weight or recommended weight. Only half of the study population confirmed that they exercised regularly. Moreover cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were also found to be common among male patients. It was evident from the findings that despite the fact that the patients were aware of the nature of their disease they did not have adequate knowledge regarding the disease state and complications and risks associated with diabetes mellitus. Finally, the present study supports the need for a structured health education programme for in-patients suffering from diabetes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410536728
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    Development of minerals-enriched brown flour by utilizing wheat milling by-products (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 161-165 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Brown flour was developed by incorporating different proportions of wheat bran, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent into the residual flour (milling by-product of pizza flour). Each treatment of brown flour, wheat bran and whole wheat flour was subjected for proximate composition and iron content. The highest iron content was observed in wheat bran i.e. 64.6mg/kg whereas iron content in different treatments of brown flour ranged from 16.8 to 29.2mg/kg. Phytic acid content ranged from 0.72 to 1.09g/100g in different flour treatments. Chapatties prepared from the respective flour samples were further evaluated for various chemical and sensory attributes. The brown flour prepared by the addition of 10 percent bran showed better performance and was quite comparable with whole wheat flour regarding the proximate and sensory attributes like color, flavor, texture, taste, folding ability, chewing ability and appearance. Moreover, the same sample (T3) had better iron content than whole wheat flour. Chapatties prepared with brown flour containing 10 percent followed by 15 percent bran were of best quality and quite comparable with chapatties prepared from whole wheat flour.
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    Dietary patterns of smokers and non-smokers in the United Arab Emirates (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 179-180 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Data on 203 Emirati men were taken to study the differences among smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers in food intake. Results revealed that there was no statistically significant association between smoking and frequency intake of some common foods. However, smokers were less likely to consume fruits and vegetables, and more likely to consume tea and fish than other groups. Intervention programmes to control smoking should take into consideration the dietary habits and lifestyle of smokers to reduce the risk of chronic diseases among them.
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    A survey of hygiene practices among food vendors in rural areas in Mauritius (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 203-205 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using a questionnaire, assesses the hygienic practices of a group of 50 street food vendors in Mauritius. The findings showed that generally, food vendors were quite aware of hygienic conditions, which have to be respected while handling and preparing foods. However, it was found that the majority of them were not implementing their knowledge into practice and still perceived that their products were of relatively low risk to the consumers. It was also found that for more than half of the vending households, street food vending was the main income provider. Despite the role of health inspectors in promoting awareness of the risks which poor hygiene practices may lead to, findings from the present study highlight the need for further health education of food vendors.
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    The effect of shift-work on food intake and eating habits (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 216-221 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shift work on food intake and eating patterns in order to assess the impact of this on health. A total of 36 shift workers were measured anthropometrically and were asked to complete food diaries for six consecutive days, and a lifestyle questionnaire. The results revealed night workers did not eat more than day workers, but ate smaller meals and snacks over a greater time frame. Night-shift workers revealed significant differences (p〈 0.05) in food intake patterns on work and rest days, while day workers did not. Because shift work is a factor in the timing of food consumption, and typically there is a lack of good food facilities at night, it is suggested that this has the potential to cause difficulties in the establishment of healthy eating patterns. Employers may wish to review the food and dining facilities available for night staff to maximize healthy eating options.
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    Weight and dieting behavior of college students in Cyprus (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 260-263 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to provide the first report of weight and dieting behaviour of college students in Cyprus. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a convenience sample of 451 students studying at the largest private college in Cyprus. The survey was used to determine the prevalence of inappropriate dieting practices that included use of diet pills, fasting, induced vomiting and laxative use to get rid of food eaten. Body mass index and accuracy of self-perceived weight were also determined. A high rate of underweight among females and a low rate of obesity for all students were found. Students reported unhealthy dieting behaviours including use of diet pills, fasting, induced vomiting and laxative use. The results show that there are serious weight issues for students in Cyprus and indicate that disordered dieting behaviours exist in the Mediterranean.
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    Storage studies of red palm oil fortified cookies (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 272-276 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Use of red palm oil fortified shortening was explored for combating vitamin A deficiency in Pakistan. Six types of cookies were prepared in which normal shortening was progressively replaced at the rate of 20 per cent with RPO fortified shortening. The carotenoids content of cookies varied depending on the content of RPO. A moderate loss was noticed after a 60-day storage. An increase in moisture content was observed, while other chemical characteristics remained unchanged. Sensory analysis showed that cookies containing 40 per cent RPO were most acceptable, while those prepared from 80-100 per cent RPO developed an oily flavour. The best treatment having 40 per cent RPO?+?60 per cent NS provides 344.15 to 312.86 µg/10?g of carotenoids at 0 and 60 days respectively. Recommends that five cookies would provide 40-50 per cent of RDA of vitamin A to school-going children.
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    The survival of Arcobacter butzleri, an emerging human pathogen, in the presence of acids or ethanol (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 210-215 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The species Arcobacter is related to the well-known human pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, and has been linked to human illness, both by association and epidemiologically. In this study the survival of Arcobacter butzleri in acidic conditions and in ethanol has been investigated. The organism is not able to remain viable in acids below pH4.0 but the actual inhibitory pH depends on acid, growth conditions and growth phase. A. butzleri is able to survive in 10 per cent ethanol in culture and, when attached to stainless steel surfaces, 22.7 per cent of the organisms remain viable and recoverable after swabbing with 5 per cent ethanol compared with a control swabbed with water. The fact that this organism is able to survive under these conditions may have an impact in the food processing industry.
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    Implications of low red meat consumption for iron status of young people in Britain (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 253-259 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to decide whether consumption of red and processed meat is associated with iron intakes and/or iron status among young people in Britain. Data from The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Young People Aged 4-18 Years was used. A total of 1,169 respondents completed a seven-day weighed dietary record and provided a blood sample for iron status. Supplement-users were excluded. RPM was defined as all red meat, meat products and offal excluding white meat. Found that, among girls, iron intakes were low but RPM was not associated with iron intake; boys were less prone to low iron intakes. Opines that low consumption of red meat has adverse implications for iron status. Dietary advice needs to emphasise the importance of bio-available iron sources (such as meat) as well as other factors that increase iron bioavailability.
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    Aflatoxins in Nigerian dry-roasted groundnuts (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 268-271 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of dry-roasted groundnuts purchased from street hawkers, markets and retail shops in southwestern Nigeria were analysed for moisture content, fungal populations and aflatoxin contamination. The moisture content varied from 2.1 to 3.6 per cent, while the mould counts using the dilution plating method ranged from 2.9 × 102 to 6.3 × 102 colony-forming units per gram in samples. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 64.2 per cent of samples with a mean of 25.5 ppb. Aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2 were detected in 26.4, 11.3 and 2.8 per cent of the samples with mean levels of 10.7, 7.2 and 8 ppb respectively in contaminated samples. It is concluded that the regular consumption of DRG by Nigerians might present potential health hazards.
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    Preparation and characterisation of high performance anticorrosive paints based on novel corrosion inhibitive amide polymers (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 152-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New types of amide polymers have been prepared and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for steel protection. Such polymers included o-, m-, and p- itaconyl phenylene amides, itaconyl o- tolidine amide and maleiyl phenylene amide polymers. The polymers were prepared by condensation of equimolar ratios of diamine with itaconic or maleic acids in non-polar solvents of high boiling point (〉135°C) using the Dean and Stark apparatus. The amide polymers obtained were characterised and their structures confirmed based on the micro-analysis of C, H, and N, the estimated amount of water liberated from the condensation reaction, the IR spectrophotometric measurements and the molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The amide polymers obtained were incorporated into paint formulations as corrosion inhibitors for steel protection.
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    Studies of luminescence property of long afterglow Eu, Dy activated SrMgSiO phosphor (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 220-225 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Long afterglow Sr2MgSi2O7 (SMS) phosphor was prepared by Douby's methods at high temperature and reductive atmosphere. The excitation and emission spectra of this phosphor showed that both had broad bands and that the main emission peak at 469?nm was due to 4f-5d transitions of Eu+2 and implied that the luminescence centres Eu+2 occupied the Sr+2 sites in the Sr2MgSi2O7 host. The phosphor doped only with Eu ions did not demonstrate the long afterglow phenomenon, but when co-doped with Dy+3 ions in the SMS matrix, significant long afterglow was observed.
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    Ink-jet technology: status quo and future - relevance to surface coatings (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 238-244 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent years have seen a rapid development of ink-jet printing technology. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in ink-jet printing technology and gives an overview of ink-jet printing into the immediate future. The focus is placed on various applications of jet printing technology. The potential of applying jetting technology in the conventionally surface coating dominated applications will also be explored.
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    Synthesis and characterisation of hole transporting soluble polyschiff base containing triarylamine unit in the backbone (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 206-210 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A soluble polyschiff base containing triarylamine unit in backbone was synthesised by condensation polymerisation. The hole transport properties of such polyschiff base were studied. The mobility of the hole carrier in the polyschiff base film was also measured and found to be µ=1.68×10-4?cm2/V?s by means of time of flight technique. A polymer electroluminescence device was prepared with the polyschiff base used as hole transporting moiety by spin coated.
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    Review of basic chemistry of UV-curing technology (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 272-279 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The market for ultraviolet curing technology has been growing at double-digit rates in the last 10 years. The main reason for such a rapid technological growth of UV curing is its unique process characteristic, which allow UV-coating to be applied on virtually any substrates, including plastic, metal, composite, wood, paper, leather, vinyl, glass, magnetic recording tape and even human teeth. The original driving forces behind the commercialisation of UV-technology were energy saving and freedom from solvents. These benefits are complemented by high productivity and subsequently higher profits that can be achieved with the increased line speed, just-in-time benefits and immediate "pack and ship" capabilities. This paper gives a review of the development of the UV curing technology, with emphasis placed on relevant chemistry.
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    A study of the effects of the process parameters on the flexographic printing problem "dot bridging" - Part I: experimental design and linear run length (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 293-301 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Commercial pressure has forced improvements in the reduction of press down time. One restraining factor for the flexographic printing process has been the lack of predictability and consistency. The results of a factorial designed experiment, are reported in this paper. Investigations into the complex interactions of many variable factors that take place during the printing process were carried out. Various statistical methods were employed for the design of the experiment and for the interpretation of experimental data generated. The results of the investigation have been used to optimise the flexographic printing techniques to significantly manipulate the properties of various production components for the end-use application to enhance the plates printing performance and consistency.
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    Challenges of UV curable ink-jet printing inks - a formulator's perspective (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 280-286 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: UV curing technology has a number of unique advantages over the conventional curing technologies. However, until very recently, there had been few successful examples of the application of UV curing technology in ink-jet printing. Several reasons, including the requirement of low viscosity for ink-jet printing inks, were responsible for the lack of development of UV curable ink-jet printing inks. This paper describes, in some details, the challenges that a formulator had to face in developing UV curable ink-jet printing inks, together with information on the status quo of UV curable ink-jet printing technology.
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    An investigation on the moisture resistance of wood finishes (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 302-307 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Impermeability tests had been carried out to compare the moisture resistance of two wood finish paints available on the Cameroonian market. Two types of paints had been used namely, an oil-based paint and an emulsion paint, both manufactured in Cameroon by SMALTO Company. It appeared that the oil-based paint gave better protection to wood in wet environments, areas with strong pluviometry (where the quantity of humidity in the air is very high). The emulsion paint was found to be suitable for use for interior decorative purpose. It was suggested that a glycerophthalic lacquer could be used for wood finishing in areas subjected to the emissions of water vapour or requiring frequent washing (bathroom, kitchen, WC, etc.). In addition, the number of coating layers should be increased to enhance the moisture resistance of such paint films.
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    Synthesis and characterisation of methine dyes derived from condensation of 4-nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 370-374 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A range of methine dyes has been synthesised by condensation of electronegative active methylene compound, 4-nitrophenylacetonitrile with substituted benzaldehydes. The electronic absorption spectroscopic properties of the dyes were investigated. It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption maxima of the dyes.
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    Preparation and characterisation of zinc yellow pigment for low temperature ceramic glaze - Part I: the effects of the reactants ratio, stirring time and pH (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 352-361 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zinc potassium chromate (4Zn·O4CrO3·K2O·3H2O) was prepared using zinc salt solution, sodium hydroxide and potassium dichromate solutions. The pigment synthesised was investigated by various methods. Upon heating, this pigment underwent decomposition to form ZnCr2O4, K2CrO4 and ZnO. The pigment obtained was successfully used in the preparation of glaze and then on a tile. The L*, a* and b* values of the fired glaze were 71.607, 2.695 and 67.327, respectively.
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    A study of anti-corrosive effects of Artemisia oil on steel (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 287-292 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of natural Artemisia oil on the corrosion of steel in molar hydrochloric acid were studied by the measurements of weight loss, electrochemical and EIS polarisation. The results obtained revealed that Artemisia oil reduced the rate of corrosion. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration. Potentiodynamic polarisation studies clearly revealed that the presence of the natural Artemisia oil did not alter the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction and acted essentially as a cathodic inhibitor. Good agreement between gravimetric and electrochemical polarisation results was noted. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of steel in 1M HCl, with and without the oil in the temperature range of 308-353?K, indicated that inhibition efficiency increased with temperature. The adsorption of Artemisia oil on the steel is followed by Frumkin adsorption isotherm.
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    Evaluation of amide polymers as antioxidants for mixed soap greases (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 362-369 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reports on the preparation of six formulations (G1-G6) containing mixed soap greases based on cotton soap stock, aromatic extract, heavy alkylate and lube base oil. The physicochemical properties of these ingredients were characterised. The consistency, dropping point and mechanical stability of the formulated greases were assessed and tested in accordance with the National Laboratory for Grease Institute standards, and compared with the Egyptian Standards. The properties of the formulated grease G4 proved to be the best. The work reported also includes preparation of itaconyl-o-tolidine-, itaconyl bisaniline- and itaconyl m-phenylene- amide polymers. The structure of these polymers was investigated using infrared spectroscopy, micro analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The polymers prepared were evaluated as antioxidants for the optimum formulated grease G4. The study revealed that the itaconyl m-phenylene amide polymer was a weak antioxidant, while itaconyl bisaniline- and itaconyl-o-tolidine amide polymers showed good anti-oxidation property.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420410568382
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    Synthesis and characterisation of one-part ambient temperature curing polyurethane adhesives for wood bonding (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 345-351 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of polyol types, polyol molecular weights, NCO/OH molar ratio, solvent types, and resin solid contents of the one-part ambient temperature curing adhesives were studied. The results showed that the one-part ambient temperature curing polyurethane prepared had fast rate of setting and good bonding, meeting the requirements of a typical structural adhesive.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420410568364
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    Characterisation of a new tripyrazole derivative as inhibitor for the steel corrosion in acid solution (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 375-379 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The inhibition of corrosion of steel in 1?M HCl solution by newly synthesised pyrazole derivatives has been studied by weight loss and polarisation techniques at 308°K. Its inhibitory power is compared to N,N'-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-methyl)-pentanolamine (Bipyr). The results obtained reveal that tripyrazole exhibits a good protection. Inhibition is found to increase with increase in inhibitor concentration. The inhibition behaviour of the compound has been explained on the basis of molecule size and charge density of adsorption active centres. The adsorption phenomenon obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
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    Molecular charge transfer complexes of metal ions thiazolylazo compounds with iodine (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 32-38 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Molecular charge transfer complexes of some thiazolazo compounds with Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, La3+ and Zr3+ complexes with iodine have been studied spectrophotometrically. The stoichiometry and formation constants of the complexes formed were determined. The effect of solvents, effect of buffer (pH 2-11) and the energy of transition (E) were calculated. The optimum conditions favouring the formation of the coloured complexes were extensively studied by Beer's law and Ringbom method. Furthermore, the spectral characteristics, IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR of the complexes were investigated and discussed in terms of donor molecular structure.
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    A study of the influence of solvents on the dispersive characteristics of silica, modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, as filler for plastic and paint systems (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 142-151 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were carried out on the modification of silica with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in various solvents. The modified silica obtained was subjected to comprehensive evaluations of physicochemical properties, including the bulk density and the capacities to absorb water, dibutyl phthalate and paraffin oil. Particle size, particle size distribution, uniformity of the particles, tendency to form agglomerates, as well as particle surface morphology, were also examined using SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The properties of the modified silica obtained were compared to evaluate the effects of the solvents used during the surface modification of the silica.
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    Preparation and characterisation of linseed oil modified polyesteramide resins for surface coatings (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 85-90 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Linseed oil was employed to modify polyesteramide resin via the condensation of hydroxyethylamide derivatives of fatty acids of linseed oil, i.e. {N, N'-bis(2 hydroxylethyl) linseed amide} and phthalic anhydride and dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, succinic acid and sebacic acid. The polyesteramide resins obtained were tested for their application as a vehicle/binder in the preparation of surface coatings. The resins obtained were also characterised for their physico-chemical properties, film forming properties and chemical resistance.
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    Corrosion inhibition of iron in hydrochloric acid solution by jojoba oil (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 26-31 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of addition of the natural material, jojoba oil, on the corrosion of iron in molar hydrochloric acid had been studied using weight loss measurement and electrochemical polarisation methods. It was found that the corrosion rate was significantly reduced in the presence of jojoba. It was also found that the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration of the jojoba oil to attain a 100 per cent inhibition at 0.515?g/l of jojoba oil, indicating that jojoba oil was an excellent corrosion inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of iron indicated that the inhibition efficiency of jojoba oil decreased very slightly with the rise of temperature. It was found that the adsorption of jojoba oil on the iron, which followed the Frumkin isotherm, was the main cause to the corrosion inhibition.
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    Formulation and characterisation of anticorrosive paints (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 99-104 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Styrene-acrylic resin paints having a pigment volume concentration of 31 per cent and consisting of a constant level of ethylene glycol, titanium oxide, water, rheological agent, inhibitor and defoamer and variable levels of dispersant (x), anticorrosion pigment (y) and wollastonite (z) were prepared. Such emulsion paints were applied to the flat carbon steel test panels. The dried paint films were subjected to various standard anticorrosion tests. The results obtained showed different types of relationship between the anticorrosive behaviour of the paints and variables x, y and z. The antifouling properties of the paint films were obtained through corrosion tests in a marine-industrial environment at ambient temperatures.
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    Halamine polymers: 2. Preparation of new triazine-diones biocidal polymers by grafting polymerisation (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 211-219 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New N-halamine polymeric compounds were prepared by reacting cyanuric acid and polyacrylonitrile. Grafting of acrylonitrile monomer onto cotton linters was carried out and the product was reacted with cyanuric acid and finally was chlorinated. Cyanoethylation of polyvinyl alcohol was performed using acrylonitrile monomer to give polyvinylcyanoethyl ether, which, in turn, was reacted with cyanuric acid. The biological activity of the various chlorinated compounds obtained was examined against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria using columns and dishes methods. A high disinfecting power of the chlorinated compounds obtained was observed. Thus, the bacteria was deactivated after the first cycle without contact with the product. All of the compounds prepared were insoluble in water and most of inorganic solvents. These compounds were also found to be very stable and did not decompose to give any toxic compounds. Thus, the chlorinated compounds prepared had no harmful effects on humans.
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    High performance anticorrosive paint formulations based on phosphate pigments (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 226-237 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Historically, paints designed to protect steel and other metals have been formulated using anticorrosive chromate pigments, which are currently under environmental restrictions. During the investigation reported here, various phosphate compounds. The pigments prepared were characterised using a variety of chemical and spectrophotometric methods of analysis including emission atomic absorption, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, in addition to thermal gravimetric analysis. The pigments were also evaluated according to relevant international standard testing methods. The phosphates prepared were incorporated into anticorrosive paint formulations, to replace the imported zinc phosphate pigment, containing medium oil alkyd resin, and melamine formaldehyde resin. Paint films obtained were tested in artificial seawater for 28 days for anticorrosion properties. The results indicated that the paint films had good anticorrosive protection properties that could be attributed to the pigments prepared and the resins used.
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    Halamine polymers: 1. Preparation and characterisation of new pyrimidinone biocidal polymers based on poly-4-vinylacetophenone (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 75-84 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A series of novel halamine polymers known as pyrimidinone biocidal polymers were prepared by reacting poly-4-vinylacetophenone with urea and benzaldehyde to form 1H,3H,6H,-4(4'-polystyreno)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-one, which on chlorination yielded 1Cl,3H,6H,-4(4'-polystyreno)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-one. The same reaction was also carried out using the derivatives of benzaldehyde such as p-nitrobenzaldehyde and p-methoxybenzaldehyde under the same reaction conditions. .
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    A study of the film properties of pigmented UV-curable epoxidised soybean oil (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 160-164 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Development of new radiation-curable materials for the application in radiation curing technology is of significant importance. Most of the commercially available radiation-curable resins are derived from synthetic raw materials. The synthesis of acrylated, epoxidised soybean oil (ESO) from ESO had been carried out by reacting acrylic acid with the oxirane group in ESO. The acrylated ESO products were characterised using a variety of analytical techniques. Thus, the oxygen value, the iodine value, the acid value and the infrared spectra of the acrylated ESO products were obtained. Pigmented acrylated ESO systems were prepared and found to cure on exposure to UV radiation.
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    Synthesis and characterisation of a new series of pyridinone azo dyes for dyeing of synthetic fibers (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 165-171 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A series of azo dye systems, namely, 5-arylazo-pyridin-2-one dye systems (5a-k), was synthesised and characterised. The effects of the structural configuration of the pyridinone dye systems on the shifts of the ultraviolet-visible absorption maxima were investigated. The structural effects of the polyfunctionally substituted pyridinone dye systems on the intensity of colour and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were also discussed.
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    Novel arylazopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives: synthesis, properties and dyeing characteristics (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 91-98 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several new arylazopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were obtained from 4-arylazo-3,5-diaminopyrazoles. The application and dyeing characteristics of the dyes synthesised were also reported.
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    Effects of the process of the incorporation of deltamethrin on slow release property of insecticidal paint (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 21-25 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Slow release insecticidal paint formulations had been prepared by incorporating deltamethrin, an additive to impart insecticidal property to the paint formulation. The effects of the mode of incorporation of deltamethrin on the retention of the insecticide in the paint matrix, on drying, had been studied. Deltamethrin had been introduced (1 per cent by wt) in the grind and let-down portions of the paint formulation. Extraction and high performance liquid chromatography studies of the insecticide had been carried out. It has been found that after drying, the paint samples contained a very high concentration of deltamethrin where the insecticide had been added in the grind portion instead of in the let-down portion of the paint formulation.
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    Molecular characterisation and corrosion studies of oligomer-transition metals complexes (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oligomer (semicarbaside-phethalic acid) and its complexes with Fe(III), Co(II) and UO2(II) chloride were prepared and characterised using elemental analysis, spectral (1H NMR, infrared and UV-Vis) and magnetic measurements. Extensive studies suggested that the Fe(III), Co(II), and UO2(II) oligomer complexes were octahedral dimers. Thermal analyses (thermal gravitational analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA)) of the complexes were carried out and the relevant activation energies were calculated. The effect of the oligomer on the corrosion of iron metal in acidic media (2?M H2SO4) was studied. It was found that the oligomer inhibited the corrosion of iron metal in acid media. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of these compounds was calculated based on weight loss and potentiostatic measurements.
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    Contents and digestibility of carbohydrates of ricebean and fababean as affected by simple inexpensive processing methods (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 13-16 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ricebean (RB-32) contained significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher amounts of total soluble (5.6g/100g) and non-reducing sugars (5.0g/100g) than fababean (VH-82-1). On the other hand, the contents of starch and reducing sugars were more in fababean (53.2g/100g; 608.7mg/100g) than those in ricebean (50.7g/100g; 547.3mg/100g). The starch digestibility (mg maltose released/g meal) of whole raw seeds and husk of ricebean and fababean was 30.8; 6.3 and 42.1; 6.3, respectively. Due to soaking, sprouting and dehulling, a significant (p 〈 0.05) improvement occurred in in vitro starch digestibility of both ricebean and fababean. Germination for 24 hours in ricebean and 48 hours in fababean was found to be the best as it could improve the starch digestibility to the extent of 100 to 90 per cent over the control.
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    Efficacy of Zotrim: a herbal weight loss preparation (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 25-28 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A consumer survey was undertaken to test the efficacy of Zotrim, a herbal preparation commercially available as an over the counter weight loss aid. A total of 48 subjects completed a 28-day trial of Zotrim, taken in tablet form just prior to main meals. The results showed a self-assessed average weight loss of 2.3kg (0.6kg per week). Questionnaire data suggested that subjects ate less at meals and snacked less frequently. The overall findings supported an earlier placebo controlled clinical trial, and provided additional evidence that Zotrim delays gastric emptying and enhances feelings of fullness.
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    Hypoglycemia and faecal minerals in rats fed phytate (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 60-64 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, phytic acid was extracted from Jamaican sweet potato, which has been reported to contain a high phytic acid to zinc ratio and fed to Wistar rats for three weeks. Animals were then sacrificed and blood glucose, intestinal amylase activity and faecal minerals were determined. Blood glucose levels in all the groups fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid were reduced compared to their controls. This lowering was more pronounced in the groups fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid plus zinc supplement. Faecal zinc was significantly higher in the groups fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato compared to the controls in weeks 1 and 2. Supplementation of the diets with phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid resulted in an increase in the faecal output of iron except for the group that was fed commercial phytic acid plus zinc. Overall, the supplementation of the rat diet with phytic acid extract from sweet potato resulted in a general increase in the output of these faecal minerals.
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    Survey of the market diseases and aflatoxin contamination of tomato ( MILL) fruits in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A survey of the market diseases and aflatoxin contamination of tomato fruits was conducted in Sokoto in northwestern Nigeria in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Rotten tomato fruits sold at five different markets in Sokoto town, located at Central market, Kasuwar daji, Mabera, Minanata and Arkilla were heavily contaminated with moulds. Eight different fungi were found associated with the rotten tomato fruits sold in the five different markets. The associated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum and Helminthosporim fulvum, Curvularia lunata and Sclerotium rolfsii. A. flavus and A. niger have the highest rate of occurrence among the isolated fungi, while S. rolfsii was the least encountered. Pathogenicity tests revealed that of all the isolated fungi, A. ochraceous, A. flavus, Sclerotium rolfsii and P. citrinum were highly pathogenic with the first three leading to rapid disintegration of treated fruits in 3-5 days. A. niger was moderately pathogenic, while H. fulvum was least pathogenic on tomato fruits. Aflatoxins were detected from the sampled diseased-marketed tomato fruits and also from the marketed rotten tomato fruits after autoclaving for 15?minutes at 121°C.
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    Influence of home economics on the nutrition knowledge and food skills of Mauritian school adolescents (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 264-267 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In Mauritius, the school curriculum does not support the need to develop sound nutrition knowledge and food skills to combat the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases. This study looks at whether adolescents who had been taught Home Economics had better nutrition knowledge than children who had not. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescents, Science teachers and Home Economics teachers, randomly selected from 12 co-educational secondary schools. It was found that the overall nutrition knowledge did not differ significantly. However, Home Economics teaching was associated with better food skills, especially among boys, and was found to be the main source of nutrition-related information. Opines that active learning methods and Home Economics should become compulsory in all secondary schools. This was the first study of its kind conducted in Mauritius. Findings would be of most value to teachers and policy-makers in the field of education.
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    Nutrient dense mixes for enteral feeding in India (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to develop easily reconstitutable nutrient dense mixes using natural food ingredients for enteral feeding, in developing countries. Three mixes were prepared using various combinations of malted wheat, sorghum, finger millet, pearl millet, green gram, linseed and sesame seeds and/or whey proteins and analyzed for nutrient composition and selected quality parameters. It was found that when reconstituted as tube feeds they compared well with the guidelines given by the American Gastroenterological Association. The mixes were not analyzed for all the nutrients and not tested on patients. Opines that they would provide nutritional support at relatively lower cost compared with commercial formulations for varied clinical conditions. Simple indigenous technologies using natural ingredients were employed for formulating the mixes. These mixes would be beneficial for enteral feeding in developing countries in lieu of commercial formulations, which tend to be expensive.
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    Life prediction of aging wood poles and subsequent inspection practice - a case study (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Present methods of establishing inspection and maintenance programs for wood poles are prescriptive in nature and do not consider the life data of poles in a particular region. In this paper, a methodology is discussed for estimating the useful life of older poles having survived a certain number of years, using life data analysis. A procedure is presented to establish the timing of the next inspection of older poles based on the current acceptable replacement rate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507518
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    Optimal shielding of low frequency fields (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 173-186 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Shielding of electromagnetic low frequency field can be performed by means of conductive sheets. These sheets have a thickness which is usually two or three orders of magnitude lower than their other dimensions, thus their effects must be modeled by means of special numerical techniques. In this paper, two integral formulations for the analysis of conductive shields are presented: one is two-dimensional and is based on a multiconductor system, while the other, three-dimensional, is based on a finite formulation of electromagnetic fields. Once these analysis tools have been introduced, this paper presents the study of different shielding systems and a problem of optimal exploitation of conductive material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507635
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    Probabilistic method for reliability assessment of metal oxide varistors under lightning stress (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 263-276 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Surge protective devices are used to limit the maximum voltage on protected circuits. In the last decade, metal oxide varistors (MOVs) have been the most used protective devices. Since many of the outages experienced on sensitive circuits are due to overvoltages originated by the effects of direct and nearby lightning flashes, it is important to evaluate the reliability of such protective devices under lightning stress. Actually, MOVs are affected by ageing, essentially due to the number and amplitude of stresses, and also other factors such as overheating, pollution and humidity. The aim of this paper is to present a method, based on probabilistic arguments, to evaluate the ageing process of MOVs. The expected life, so obtained, can be used to decide when the MOV must be changed before its failure occurs (reliability assessment), since the main standards do not give definitive indications about such features. The estimated expected life can be used in the design of logistic/maintenance procedures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410509237
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    Analytical modelling of an induction motor fed by a four-switch PWM VSI (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 487-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper presents analytical and experimental results that quantify the performance of an induction motor fed by a space-vector pulse width modulated four-switch (B4) voltage source inverter. First, as voltage vectors in the inverter form unsymmetrical sequences, the discrete Fourier transform is used to express the voltage vectors in symmetrical form. Second, by using a mixed p-z approach for every voltage vector sequence, we can derive a closed-form solution, including steady-state and transient components of the motor currents. From the motor currents, we can derive an analytical equation for the electromagnetic torque. Both the steady-state and transient components of the motor currents are determined in a simple and lucid analytical form, which avoids involved matrix inversion as well as exponentiation. The theoretical considerations are verified on an experimental unit.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510695
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    The modelling of the FDTD method based on graph theory (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 694-700 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Discusses a parallel algorithm for the finite-difference time domain method. In particular, investigates electromagnetic field propagation in two and three dimensions. The computational intensity of such problems necessitates the use of multiple processors to realise solutions to interesting problems in a reasonable time. Presents the parallel algorithm with examples, and uses aspects of graph theory to examine the communication overhead of the algorithm in practice. This is achieved by observing the dynamically changing adjacency matrix of the communications graph.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410540610
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    Determination of a dynamic radial active magnetic bearing model using the finite element method (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 783-788 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The dynamic model of radial active magnetic bearings, which is based on the current and position dependent partial derivatives of flux linkages and radial force characteristics, is determined using the finite element method. In this way, magnetic nonlinearities and cross-coupling effects are considered more completely than in similar dynamic models. The presented results show that magnetic nonlinearities and cross-coupling effects can change the electromotive forces considerably. These disturbing effects have been determined and can be incorporated into the real-time realization of nonlinear control in order to achieve cross-coupling compensations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410540728
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    Magnetization identification problem: Illustration of an effective approach (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 518-530 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper deals with the problem of magnetization identification. We consider a ferromagnetic body placed in an inductor field. The goal of this work is, from static magnetic field measurements taken around the device, to obtain an accurate model of its magnetization. This inverse problem is usually ill-posed and its solution is non-unique. It is then necessary to use mathematical regularization. However, we prefer to transform it to a better posed one by incorporating our physical knowledge of the problem. Our approach is tested on the magnetization's identification of a real ferromagnetic sheet.
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    Comparison of the Preisach and Jiles-Atherton models to take hysteresis phenomenon into account in finite element analysis (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 825-834 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: In this communication, the Preisach and Jiles-Atherton models are studied to take hysteresis phenomenon into account in finite element analysis. First, the models and their identification procedure are briefly developed. Then, their implementation in the finite element code is presented. Finally, their performances are compared with an electromagnetic system made of soft magnetic composite. Current and iron losses are calculated and compared with the experimental results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510794
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    Error bounds for the FEM numerical solution of non-linear field problems (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 835-844 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: A bound for a norm of the difference between the computed and exact solution vectors for static, stationary or quasistationary non-linear magnetic fields is derived by employing the polarization fixed point iterative method. At each iteration step, the linearized field is computed by using the finite element method. The error introduced in the iterative procedure is controlled by the number of iterations, while the error due to the chosen discretization mesh is evaluated on the basis of the hypercircle principle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510802
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    Genetic algorithm coupled with FEM-3D for metrological optimal design of combined current-voltage instrument transformer (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 670-676 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The combined current-voltage instrument transformer (CCVIT) is a complex non-linear electromagnetic system with increased voltage, current and phase displacement errors. Genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with finite element method (FEM-3D) is applied for CCVIT optimal design. The optimal design objective function is the metrological parameters minimum. The magnetic field analysis made by FEM-3D enables exact estimation of the four CCVIT windings leakage reactances. The initial CCVIT design is made according to analytical transformer theory. The FEM-3D results are a basis for the further GA optimal design. Compares the initial and GA optimal output CCVIT parameters. The GA coupled with FEM-3D derives metrologically positive design results, which leads to higher CCVIT accuracy class.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410540584
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    The highly efficient three-phase small induction motors with stator cores made from amorphous iron (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 625-632 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Applies the field/circuit two-dimensional method and improved circuit method to engineering designs of the induction motor with stator cores made of amorphous iron. Exploiting of these methods makes possible computation of many different specific parameters and working curves in steady states for the "high efficiency" three-phase small induction motor. Compares the results of this calculation with the results obtained for the classical induction motor with identical geometric structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410540539
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    Magnetoelastic coupling and Rayleigh damping (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 647-654 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper presents a magnetoelastic dynamic FE model. As first approach, the effect of magnetostriction and strong coupling is not considered. The effect of Rayleigh damping factors on the vibrational behaviour of the stator core of a synchronous generator is studied using the presented model. It shows that the static approach is not accurate enough and the difference between calculations with damped and undamped cases is too important to be ignored. However, the difference between damped cases with reasonable damping is not very important.
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    Incorporation of a Jiles-Atherton vector hysteresis model in 2D FE magnetic field computations: Application of the Newton-Raphson method (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 685-693 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper deals with the incorporation of a vector hysteresis model in 2D finite-element (FE) magnetic field calculations. A previously proposed vector extension of the well-known scalar Jiles-Atherton model is considered. The vectorised hysteresis model is shown to have the same advantages as the scalar one: a limited number of parameters (which have the same value in both models) and ease of implementation. The classical magnetic vector potential FE formulation is adopted. Particular attention is paid to the resolution of the nonlinear equations by means of the Newton-Raphson method. It is shown that the application of the latter method naturally leads to the use of the differential reluctivity tensor, i.e. the derivative of the magnetic field vector with respect to the magnetic induction vector. This second rank tensor can be straightforwardly calculated for the considered hysteresis model. By way of example, the vector Jiles-Atherton is applied to two simple 2D FE models exhibiting rotational flux. The excellent convergence of the Newton-Raphson method is demonstrated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410540601
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    A "quasi-genetic" algorithm for searching the dangerous areas generated by a grounding system (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 724-732 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Sets out a method for determining the dangerous areas on the soil surface. The touch voltages are calculated by a Maxwell's subareas program. The search for the areas in which the touch voltages are dangerous is performed by a suitably modified genetic algorithm. The fitness is redefined so that the genetic algorithm does not lead directly to the only optimum solution, but to a certain number of solutions having pre-arranged "goodness" characteristics. The algorithm has been called "quasi-genetic" algorithm and has been successfully applied to various grounding systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410540656
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    Field strength computation at edges in nonlinear magnetostatics (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 662-669 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Magnetostatic problems including iron components can be solved by a nonlinear indirect volume integral equation. Its unknowns are scalar field sources. They are evaluated iteratively. In doing so the integral representation of fields has to be calculated. At edges singularities occur. Following a method to calculate the field strength on charged surfaces a way out is presented.
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    Optimal characterization of LF magnetic field using multipoles (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 1053-1061 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The LF magnetic field (50?Hz-100?kHz) generated in the air by electrical appliances is characterised using multipoles. The maximum likelihood estimation of an equivalent multipolar source is computed using a genetic algorithm. The choice of the position and the number of measurement points are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410553481
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    Comparison of 3D and 2D field-circuit models of power transformer transients (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 1100-1109 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper deals with a coupled field-circuit simulation of transients in a three-phase, three-limb power transformer taking non-linearity into consideration. A comparative analysis of the results obtained from the application of 3D and 2D field models has been carried out. Owing to core saturation and the non-periodic components of the magnetic fluxes, the magnetic field exists also within the space surrounding the core. Hence, three-dimensional description is necessary. It has been proved that assuming the 2D model significantly overstated peak values of currents are obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510811
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    Transient field-circuit coupled formulation based on the finite integration technique and a mixed circuit formulation (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 968-976 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The coupling between a 3D modified magnetic vector potential formulation discretized by the finite integration technique and an electrical circuit that includes solid and stranded conductors is presented. This paper describes classical time integration methods and the implicit Runge-Kutta methods, the latter being an appropriate alternative to the first ones to solve effectively index 1 differential-algebraic equations arising from combined simulation of electromagnetic fields and electrical circuits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410553391
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    Formal requirements for utility and value functions for security-related decisions (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 225-236 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: One of the important decision problems for a power system operator is to choose the appropriate operation point when possible contingencies must be considered. The operator may decide to do nothing or to take some actions that change the operating point and decrease the negative impact (cost) of some or all the contingencies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of utility and value functions to this decision problem, since the large range of consequences raises some doubts about the fulfillment of the theoretical conditions imposed by Decision Theory. Although not essential to this discussion, some alternatives to prescriptive methodologies are presented and discussed, mostly regarding the definition of risk attributes and other determinist equivalents, suitable for multicriteria analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507662
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    Characterization of fluctuating harmonics from single-phase power electronics-based equipment (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 133-147 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The present paper is intended to analyze time-varying harmonic absorption of single-phase non-linear loads. To this aim, it is demonstrated that a continuous harmonic monitoring can be of a certain utility, since this practice allows a better characterization of harmonic spectra and an improved understanding of impact due to the various stages of typical operation. Some selected results obtained from a wide monitoring activity performed in a lab are reported in this paper. The results are relevant to NL appliances with power ratings ranging from less than 10?W to several hundred watts, such as desktop PC, printer (both laser and ink-jet), cell phone battery charger, and photocopier. The data thus obtained have been processed in order to determine probability density functions and distribution functions well evidencing the time-varying behavior of harmonic content of the absorbed current. Since a continuous harmonic monitoring allows to follow the nearly instantaneous evolution of the physical quantities (voltage and current) a cross-correlation based analysis of the various harmonic quantities among themselves is more meaningful than the monitoring activities providing longer observation time windows (up to minutes). The results obtained with such calculations can provide good indications for determining the origin of the time-varying behavior as evidenced.
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    Validation process for a fuzzy spatial load forecasting (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 197-208 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper presents a method used to validate a spatial load forecasting model based on fuzzy systems implemented in a Geographical Information System. The validation process confirms the adequacy of the rule base, and also it is strictly necessary to define the confidence intervals associated to the predicted spatial demand.
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    A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for transmission expansion planning (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 250-262 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper proposes an integrated approach of genetic algorithms, Tabu search and simulated annealing for multi-stage (dynamic) transmission network expansion planning. The proposed algorithm integrates the most interesting and best features of the above individual algorithms. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed algorithm is proved with the modified Garver's six-bus network. Finally, a real-world application (Sri Lankan transmission network) of the integrated algorithm is presented for multi-stage transmission expansion planning.
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    Blind multipath channel equalization based on eigenvector decomposition (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 277-285 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: A new direct blind equalization algorithm is presented in this paper. It relies on the auto-correlation matrix of the channel, and adopts its eigenvector decomposition for designing an equalizer, which exploits the correlation characteristics of the channel. The proposed equalization is insensitive to the inaccuracy of the channel order estimation, and its data sequence length required for estimating the channel's correlation matrix is shorter than that of the other eigenvector decomposition methods that assumed that the channel order was known or had been estimated. Simulation results show that this algorithm is capable of acquiring a good performance under lower SNR in a communication system employing 16-QAM modulation.
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    Nonlinear model of linear synchronous reluctance motor for real time applications (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 316-327 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The finite element (FE) method calculations are used to improve dynamic behavior of the two-axis linear synchronous reluctance motor (LSRM) model, which is appropriate for the control design, the real time applications and the low speed servo applications. By the FE method, calculated current and position dependent flux linkages, their partial derivatives and motor thrust are approximated by the continuous functions and incorporated into the dynamic LSRM model as a nonlinear iron core model. The agreement between the calculated and the measured flux linkages, their partial derivatives and the motor thrust is very good. The agreement between all trajectories calculated by the improved dynamic LSRM model and measured during the experiment in the case of kinematic control is very good as well.
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    Analysis of non-stationary signals in power systems (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 381-391 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Classical techniques to estimate the spectrum of the multi-component signal are based on Fourier-based transformations. The frequency estimates obtained from their spectral peaks are affected by the window length and phase of signal component, thus presenting a large variance even in the absence of noise. The spectrum of the signals is estimated with the help of the Wigner-Ville distribution and its time-frequency representation is obtained. For the same purpose, the min-norm method (subspace method) is used. The accuracy of the tested methods was investigated and compared with the parameters of the frequency estimation via FFT. The proposed methods were also tested with non-stationary multiple-component signals occurring during the fault operation of inverter-fed drives and transmission lines.
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    A hybrid method for determining the reluctivity tensor components of Goss textured ferromagnetic materials (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 579-589 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: For anisotropic materials, the magnetic field vector H? and the flux density vector B? are parallel with each other only along a few distinct directions. When performing unidirectional measurements, only the component of B? along the direction under consideration is measured. It is not possible to deduce the angle between B? and H? from unidirectional measurements alone. For ferromagnetic materials having a Goss-texture, as most transformer steels have, this paper demonstrates a way to compute this angle a posteriori, by the combination of measurements with a physical anisotropy model.
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    Detecting transient voltage stability and voltage sag (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 392-409 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper presents method to discriminate between transient voltage stability and voltage sag. The discrete wavelet transform (WT) is a powerful tool in the analysis of the transient phenomena in power systems because of its ability to extract information in both the time and frequency domain. This paper introduces a technique for accurate discrimination by combining WTs with neural networks (NNs). The WT is first applied to decompose the signals into a series of detailed wavelet components. The wavelet components are calculated and then employed to train a NN. The simulated results presented clearly show that the proposed technique can accurately discriminate between transient voltage stability and voltage sag in power system protection.
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    Charge transport in 1D silicon devices via Monte Carlo simulation and Boltzmann-Poisson solver (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 410-425 
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    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Time-depending solutions to the Boltzmann-Poisson system in one spatial dimension and three-dimensional velocity space are obtained by using a recent finite difference numerical scheme. The collision operator of the Boltzmann equation models the scattering processes between electrons and phonons assumed in thermal equilibrium. The numerical solutions for bulk silicon and for a one-dimensional n+-n-n+ silicon diode are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation. Further comparisons with the experimental data are shown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510578
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimizing price-risk exposure for deregulated electricity market participants (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 79-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Market liberalisation has resulted in significant changes not only in the way electricity is traded, but also for the market participants themselves. The bidding behaviour of market participants who are active in a liberalised UK-like market has been modelled. Both operational and technical parameters associated with the market and its participants are accounted for. Explicit characterization of risk (value at risk) is made with respect to market participants and their attitude to trading. Profit maximization strategies for market participants are then developed based on the minimization of price-risk under uncertainty. Results are presented for a selected case study and the effect of alternative strategies is compared. The case study concerns several generators who need to determine what proportion of their production they should sell to the market. The results show that based on cost and price forecasts there is scope for generators to profitably take advantage of both contractual and within-day market trades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507563
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainty estimation for DSP-based power quality measurements (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 92-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper deals with the uncertainty in digital measurement systems designed for power quality applications. The main goal of this work is to evaluate such uncertainty by means of a Monte Carlo method recently proposed in the literature. The accuracy of the measurement result obtained with a DSP-based instrument for power quality metering depends on the behavior of the devices located in both the conditioning block and A/D conversion stage: it is thus necessary to consider the uncertainties introduced by each component of the system and the propagation of their effects through the measurement chain. Here, the uncertainty is estimated starting from the technical specifications provided by the manufacturers of these devices. Experimental results are reported to show the importance of some concerns about the practical implementation of the proposed methodology in a real instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507572
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new formulation of the optimal compensation and reconfiguration problem including minimum load nodes unavailability for automated distribution networks (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 104-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: This paper deals with a new formulation of the optimal operation of electrical distribution networks problem in regular working state. In the new deregulated energy market providing reliable and economical service to customers is a primary task. The multiobjective formulation of the reconfiguration and compensation problem used in this paper considers as a primary object also the minimisation of the load nodes unavailability (UA) expressed in probabilistic terms. Therefore, the objectives to be attained through the optimisation strategy are: minimal power losses operation, minimum UA of the load nodes, load balancing among the HV/MV transformers, and voltage profile regularisation. The application carried out uses an evolutionary algorithm and a particular normalisation technique for the multiple objectives formulation. In the considered automated network, the remote control of capacitor banks and tie-switches is possible and their layout is the optimisation variable. After a brief description of the optimal reconfiguration and compensation problem for automated distribution networks, the most recent papers on the topic are reported and commented. Then the problem formulation and the solution algorithm are described in detail. Finally, the test results on a large MV distribution network are reported and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507581
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Monte Carlo-like approach to uncertainty estimation in electric power quality measurements (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The assessment of the quality of the electric power supply, as well as that of the electric loads, is becoming a critical problem, especially when the liberalization of the electricity market is involved. Power quality can be evaluated by means of a number of quantities and indices whose measurement is not straightforward and is generally attained by means of digital signal processing techniques based on complex algorithms. The assessment of the uncertainty of the results of such measurements is a critical, open problem. This paper proposes a general purpose approach, based on the Monte Carlo method that, starting from the estimated contributions to the uncertainty of each device in the measurement chain, estimates the probability density distribution of the measurement result, and therefore, its standard uncertainty. This approach has been experimentally validated for the active power measurement and applied to the estimation of the uncertainty of the measurement of more complex power quality indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410507590
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved EDMC for the processes with high variations and/or sign changes in steady-state gain (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 361-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: EDMC represents extended dynamic matrix control, which can be applied to nonlinear process control. In this method, control inputs are determined based on a linear model that approximates the process and is updated during each sampling interval. Since nonlinear relation still exists between the prediction error and the control input, numerical (iterative) methods are used to solve the optimization problem defined in the method. For nonlinear processes with high variation and/or sign changes in their steady-state gain, iterative methods do not converge properly to an acceptable solution for some desired outputs or external disturbances. To eliminate the problem, we augment the process with its steady-state gain inverse (or pseudo inverse whenever required) such that the steady-state gain for the new augmented system is constant or contains slow variations. In the case of unstable processes, the method may be applied after stabilizing the process using a proper state or output feedback. Effectiveness of the method has been examined using computer simulations of some benchmark processes. Some of the obtained results are presented in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510541
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilizing design sensitivity analysis for 3D optimization of transformer tank shields considering eddy currents (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 23 (2004), S. 506-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: A novel 3D shape optimization algorithm is presented for electromagnetic devices carrying eddy current. The algorithm integrates the 3D finite element performance analysis and the steepest descent method with design sensitivity and mesh relocation method. For the design sensitivity formula, the adjoint variable vector is defined in complex form based on the 3D finite element method for eddy current problems. A new 3D mesh relocation method is also proposed using the deformation theory of the elastic body under stress to renew the mesh as the shape changes. The design sensitivity for the surface nodal points is also systematically converted into that for the design variables for the parameterized optimization application. The proposed algorithm is applied to the optimum design of the tank shield model of transformer and the effectiveness is proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640410510703
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