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  • Books
  • Articles  (3)
  • Zooplankton  (2)
  • GIY-YIG endonuclease
  • Oxford University Press  (2)
  • IEEE  (1)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2005-2009  (3)
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  • Books
  • Articles  (3)
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  • 1
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    Measurements of acoustic scattering from zooplankton and oceanic microstructure using a broadband echosounder (2009)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2009 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License. The definitive version was published in ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 67 (2010): 379-394, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsp242.
    Description: In principle, measurements of high-frequency acoustic scattering from oceanic microstructure and zooplankton across a broad range of frequencies can reduce the ambiguities typically associated with the interpretation of acoustic scattering at a single frequency or a limited number of discrete narrowband frequencies. With this motivation, a high-frequency broadband scattering system has been developed for investigating zooplankton and microstructure, involving custom modifications of a commercially available system, with almost complete acoustic coverage spanning the frequency range 150–600 kHz. This frequency range spans the Rayleigh-to-geometric scattering transition for some zooplankton, as well as the diffusive roll-off in the spectrum for scattering from turbulent temperature microstructure. The system has been used to measure scattering from zooplankton and microstructure in regions of non-linear internal waves. The broadband capabilities of the system provide a continuous frequency response of the scattering over a wide frequency band, and improved range resolution and signal-to-noise ratios through pulse-compression signal-processing techniques. System specifications and calibration procedures are outlined and the system performance is assessed. The results point to the utility of high-frequency broadband scattering techniques in the detection, classification, and under certain circumstances, quantification of zooplankton and microstructure.
    Description: The work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (Grant # N000140210359).
    Keywords: Broadband acoustic scattering ; Internal waves ; Oceanic microstructure ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Distribution and phylogeny of Penelope-like elements in eukaryotes (2009)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Society of Systematic Biologists, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Oxford University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Systematic Biology 55 (2006): 875-885, doi:10.1080/10635150601077683.
    Description: Penelope-like elements (PLEs) are a relatively little studied class of eukaryotic retroelements, distinguished by the presence of the GIY-YIG endonuclease domain, the ability of some representatives to retain introns, and the similarity of PLE-encoded reverse transcriptases to telomerases. Although these retrotransposons are abundant in many animal genomes, the reverse transcriptase moiety can also be found in several protists, fungi, and plants, indicating its ancient origin. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of PLEs was conducted, based on extended sequence alignments and a considerably expanded data set. PLEs exhibit the pattern of evolution similar to that of non-LTR retrotransposons, which form deep-branching clades dating back to the Precambrian era. However, PLEs seem to have experienced a much higher degree of lineage losses than non-LTR retrotransposons. It is suggested that PLEs and non-LTR retrotransposons are included into a larger eTPRT (eukaryotic target-primed) group of retroelements, characterized by 5' truncation, variable target-site duplication, and the potential of the 3' end to participate in formation of non-autonomous derivatives.
    Description: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (MCB 0614142).
    Keywords: Penelope-like elements ; Retrotransposons ; Reverse transcriptase ; GIY-YIG endonuclease
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Non-Rayleigh acoustic scattering characteristics of individual fish and zooplankton (2006)
    IEEE
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © IEEE, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of IEEE for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 29 (2004): 260-268, doi:10.1109/JOE.2004.828208.
    Description: It has long been known that the statistical properties of acoustic echoes from individual fish can have non-Rayleigh characteristics. The statistical properties of echoes from zooplankton are generally less understood. In this study, echoes from individual fish and zooplankton from a series of laboratory measurements from the past decade are investigated. In the experiments, acoustic echoes from various individual organisms were measured over a wide range of frequencies and orientations, typically in 1/spl deg/-3/spl deg/ increments. In the analysis in this paper, the echoes from most of those measurements are grouped according to ranges of orientation, which correspond to typical orientation distributions of these organisms in the natural ocean environment. This grouping provides a distribution of echo values for each range of orientation. This approach, in essence, emulates a field experiment whereby distributions of echoes would be recorded for different distributions of orientations of the organisms. For both the fish and zooplankton data, there are conditions under which the echoes are strongly non-Rayleigh distributed. In some cases, the distribution is quantitatively connected to the physics of the scattering process while, in other cases, the connection is described qualitatively. Exploitation of the animal-specific statistics for classification purposes is suggested.
    Keywords: Acoustic scattering ; Echo statistics ; Fish ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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