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  • Phytoplankton  (7)
  • Antarctica  (6)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 73 (2014): 107-121, doi:10.3354/ame01703.
    Description: The classic view of polar ocean foodwebs emphasizes large predators sustained by energy and material flow through short, efficient diatom-krill-predator food chains. Bacterial activity is generally low in cold polar waters compared to that at lower latitudes. This view appears to be changing, with new studies of microbial foodwebs in Arctic and Antarctic oceans. We characterized bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic community diversity and composition from 2 depths (near surface and below the euphotic zone) at 4 sites, including the inshore and offshore, and north and south corners of a sampling grid along the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). We detected up to 2-fold higher richness in microbial eukaryotes at surface and deep inshore northern stations as compared to southern stations, but offshore northern and southern stations revealed either no trend or higher richness at depth in the south. In contrast, bacterial and archaeal richness showed no significant differences either inshore or offshore at northern versus southern extents, but did vary with depth. Archaea were virtually absent in summer surface waters, but were present in summer deep and winter surface samples. Overall, winter bacterial and archaeal assemblages most closely resembled summer sub-euphotic zone assemblages, reflecting well-established seasonal patterns of water column turnover and stratification that result in an isolated layer of ‘winter water’ below the euphotic zone. Inter-domain heterotroph-phototroph interactions were evident from network analysis. The WAP is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Our results provide a baseline against which future change in microbial communities may be assessed.
    Description: Funding was provided by NSF DEB- 0717390 to L.A.Z. (MIRADA-LTERS) and NSF Awards OPP- 0217282 and 0823101 (Palmer LTER) from the Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program to H.W.D.
    Keywords: Antarctica ; MIRADA-LTERS ; Palmer LTER ; Pyrosequencing ; V6 ; V9 ; Microbial oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 503 (2014): 1-10, doi:10.3354/meps10784.
    Description: Plankton images collected by Imaging FlowCytobot from 2006 to 2013 at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (Massachusetts, USA) were used to identify and quantify the occurrence of the diatom Guinardia delicatula and of a parasite that seems specific to this host. We observed infection with morphological stages that appear similar to the parasite Cryothecomonas aestivalis. Our results show that events during which infection rates exceed 10% are recurrent on the New England Shelf and suggest that the parasites are an important source of host mortality. We document a significant negative relationship between bloom magnitude and parasite infection rate, supporting the hypothesis that the parasites play a major role in controlling blooms. While G. delicatula is observed during all seasons, the infecting stages of the parasite are abundant only when water temperature is above 4°C. The anomalously warm water and small G. delicatula bloom during the winter of 2012 provided evidence that parasites can be active through winter if temperatures remain relatively high. As climate change continues, winter periods of water below 4°C may shorten or disappear in this region, suggesting that parasite effects on species such as G. delicatula may increase, with immediate impacts on their population dynamics.
    Description: This work was supported by grants from NSF’s Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination program, NASA’s Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program and Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the National Ocean Partnership Program.
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatom ; Parasite ; Imaging flow cytometry ; MVCO ; Guinardia delicatula ; Cryothecomonas aestivalis
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 492 (2013): 253-272, doi:10.3354/meps10534.
    Description: An inverse food-web model for the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) pelagic food web was constrained with data from Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (PAL-LTER) project annual austral summer sampling cruises. Model solutions were generated for 2 regions with Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae colonies presenting different population trends (a northern and a southern colony) for a 12 yr period (1995-2006). Counter to the standard paradigm, comparisons of carbon flow through bacteria, microzooplankton, and krill showed that the diatom-krill-top predator food chain is not the dominant pathway for organic carbon exchanges. The food web is more complex, including significant contributions by microzooplankton and the microbial loop. Using both inverse model results and network indices, it appears that in the northern WAP the food web is dominated by the microbial food web, with a temporal trend toward its increasing importance. The dominant pathway for the southern WAP food web varies from year to year, with no detectable temporal trend toward dominance of microzooplankton versus krill. In addition, sensitivity analyses indicated that the northern colony of Adélie penguins, whose population size has been declining over the past 35 yr, appears to have sufficient krill during summer to sustain its basic metabolic needs and rear chicks, suggesting the importance of other processes in regulating the Adélie population decline.
    Description: We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, Award 0823101 (Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program) to Palmer LTER.
    Keywords: Inverse model ; Food web ; Antarctica ; Microzooplankton ; Krill ; Ecosystem state change ; Climate change
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 360 (2008): 179-187, doi:10.3354/meps07314.
    Description: Complex 3D biological-physical models are becoming widely used in marine and freshwater ecology. These models are highly valued synthesizing tools because they provide insights into complex dynamics that are difficult to understand using purely empirical methods or theoretical analytical models. Of particular interest has been the incorporation of concentration-based copepod population dynamics into 3D physical transport models. These physical models typically have large numbers of grid points and therefore require a simplified biological model. However, concentration-based copepod models have used a fine resolution age-stage structure to prevent artificially short generation times, known as numerical ‘diffusion.’ This increased resolution has precluded use of age-stage structured copepod models in 3D physical models due to computational constraints. In this paper, we describe a new method, which tracks the mean age of each life stage instead of using age classes within each stage. We then compare this model to previous age-stage structured models. A probability model is developed with the molting rate derived from the mean age of the population and the probability density function (PDF) of molting. The effects of temperature and mortality on copepod population dynamics are also discussed. The mean-age method effectively removes the numerical diffusion problem and reproduces observed median development times (MDTs) without the need for a high-resolution age-stage structure. Thus, it is well-suited for finding solutions of concentration-based zooplankton models in complex biological-physical models.
    Description: This work was supported by US GLOBEC NOAA grant NA17RJ1223.
    Description: 2013-05-22
    Keywords: Plankton ; Copepods ; Modeling ; Marine ecology ; Oceanography ; Limnology ; Methodology ; Mean age
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the 2007-2008 antarctic campaign, the Italian PNRA installed a Low Power Magnetometer within the framework of the AIMNet (Antarctic International Magnetometer Network) project, proposed and coordinated by BAS. The magnetometer is situated at Talos Dome, around 300 km geographically North-West from Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS), and approximately at the same geomagnetic latitude as MZS. In this work we present a preliminary analysis of the geomagnetic field 1-min data, and a comparison with simultaneous data from different Antarctic stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: daily variation ; AIMNet project ; Antarctica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 310 (2006): 1-14, doi:10.3354/meps310001.
    Description: We assessed the digestibility and utilization of ice algae and phytoplankton by the shallow, subtidal benthos in Ny Ålesund (Kongsfjord) on Svalbard (79°N, 12°E) using chlorophyll a (chl a), essential fatty acids (EFAs) and stable isotopes as tracers of food consumption and assimilation. Intact benthic communities in sediment cores and individuals of dominant benthic taxa were given ice algae, phytoplankton, 13C-enriched ice algae or a no food addition control for 19 to 32 d. Ice algae and phytoplankton had significantly different isotopic signatures and relative concentrations of fatty acids. In the food addition cores, sediment concentrations of chl a and the EFA C20:5(n-3) were elevated by 80 and 93%, respectively, compared to the control after 12 h, but decreased to background levels by 19 d, suggesting that both ice algae and phytoplankton were rapidly consumed. Whole core respiration rates in the ice algae treatments were 1.4 times greater than in the other treatments within 12 h of food addition. In the ice algae treatment, both suspension and deposit feeding taxa from 3 different phyla (Mollusca, Annelida and Sipuncula) exhibited significant enrichment in δ13C values compared to the control. Deposit feeders (15% uptake), however, exhibited significantly greater uptake of the 13C-enriched ice algae tracer than suspension feeders (3% uptake). Our study demonstrates that ice algae are readily consumed and assimilated by the Arctic benthos, and may be preferentially selected by some benthic species (i.e. deposit feeders) due to their elevated EFA content, thus serving as an important component of the Arctic benthic food web.
    Description: Funding for this study came from the National Science Foundation (Grant numbers OPP- 0514115 to W.G.A.; OPP-0222410 to L.M.C.; OPP-0222408 to M.-Y.S.; OPP0222500 to G.R.L.), the Norwegian Research Council (Grant number 151815-720 to M.L.C.), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through Bates College and the Maine Marine Research Fund.
    Keywords: Ice algae ; Phytoplankton ; Food quality ; Arctic benthos ; Climate change ; Stable isotopes ; Essential fatty acids ; Svalbard
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 317 (2006): 297-310, doi:10.3354/meps317297.
    Description: The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a biologically rich area supporting large standing stocks of krill and top predators (including whales, seals and seabirds). Physical forcing greatly affects productivity, recruitment, survival and distribution of krill in this area. In turn, such interactions are likely to affect the distribution of baleen whales. The Southern Ocean GLOBEC research program aims to explore the relationships and interactions between the environment, krill and predators around Marguerite Bay (WAP) in autumn 2001 and 2002. Bathymetric and environmental variables including acoustic backscattering as an indicator of prey abundance were used to model whale distribution patterns. We used an iterative approach employing (1) classification and regression tree (CART) models to identify oceanographic and ecological variables contributing to variability in humpback Megaptera novaeangliae and minke Balaenoptera acutorstrata whale distribution, and (2) generalized additive models (GAMs) to elucidate functional ecological relationships between these variables and whale distribution. The CART models indicated that the cetacean distribution was tightly coupled with zooplankton acoustic volume backscatter in the upper (25 to 100 m), and middle (100 to 300 m) portions of the water column. Whale distribution was also related to distance from the ice edge and bathymetric slope. The GAMs indicated a persistent, strong, positive relationship between increasing zooplankton volume and whale relative abundance. Furthermore, there was a lower limit for averaged acoustic volume backscatter of zooplankton below which the relationship between whales and prey was not significant. The GAMs also supported an annual relationship between whale distribution, distance from the ice edge and bathymetric slope, suggesting that these are important features for aggregating prey. Our results demonstrate that during the 2 yr study, whales were consistently and predictably associated with the distribution of zooplankton. Thus, humpback and minke whales may be able to locate physical features and oceanographic processes that enhance prey aggregation.
    Description: Resources for this project were provided by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs grant OPP-9910307 and the International Whaling Commission. This work represents a portion of A.S.F.’s dissertation, funded by a Duke University Marine Laboratory Fellowship.
    Keywords: Whale distribution ; Zooplankton ; Ice edge ; Antarctica ; SO GLOBEC ; CART ; GAM
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 54 (2009): 269-277, doi:10.3354/ame01276.
    Description: Mixotrophic nanoflagellates (MNF) were quantified in plankton and sea ice of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, during austral spring. Tracer experiments using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) were conducted to enumerate MNF and determine their contribution to total chloroplastidic and total bacterivorous nanoflagellates. Absolute abundances of MNF were typically 〈200 ml–1 in plankton assemblages south of the Polar Front, but they comprised 8 to 42% and 3 to 25% of bacterivorous nanoflagellates in the water column and ice cores, respectively. Moreover, they represented up to 10% of all chloroplastidic nanoflagellates in the water column when the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica was blooming (up to 23% if P. antarctica, which did not ingest FLB, was excluded from calculations). In ice cores, MNF comprised 5 to 10% of chloroplastidic nanoflagellates. The highest proportions of MNF were found in some surface water samples and in plankton assemblages beneath ice, suggesting a potentially large effect as bacterial grazers in those locations. This study is the first to report abundances and distributions of mixotrophic flagellates in the Southern Ocean. The presence of MNF in every ice and water sample examined suggests that mixotrophy is an important alternative dietary strategy in this region.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF grant OPP-0125833 to D.A.C. and R.J.G.
    Keywords: Ross Sea ; Antarctica ; Mixotrophy ; Mixotrophic nanoflagellates ; Bacterivory ; Plankton ; Sea ice ; Fluorescently labeled bacteria
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 64: 205-220, doi:10.3354/ame01519.
    Description: Along the western Antarctic Peninsula, marine bacterioplankton respond to the spring phytoplankton bloom with increases in abundance, production and growth rates, and a seasonal succession in bacterial community composition (BCC). We investigated the response of the bacterial community to experimental additions of glucose and ammonium, alone or in combination, incubated in replicate carboys (each: 50 l) over 10 d in November 2006. Changes in bulk properties (abundance, production rates) in the incubations resembled observations in the nearshore environment over 8 seasons (2001 to 2002 through 2008 to 2009) at Palmer Stn (64.8°S, 64.1°W). Changes in bulk properties and BCC in ammonium-amended carboys were small relative to controls, compared to the glucose-amended treatments. The BCC in Day 0 and Day 10 controls and ammonium treatments were 〉72% similar when assessed by denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) and capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) fingerprinting techniques. Bacterial abundance increased 2- to 10-fold and leucine incorporation rates increased 2- to 30-fold in the glucose treatments over 6 d. The BCC in carboys receiving glucose (with or without ammonium) remained 〉60% similar to that in Day 0 controls at 6 d and evolved to 〈20% similar to that in Day 0 controls after 10 d incubation. The increases in bacterial production rates, and the changes in BCC, suggest that selection for glucose-utilizing bacteria was slow under the ambient environmental conditions. The results suggest that organic carbon enrichment is a major factor influencing the observed winter-to-summer increase in bacterial abundance and activity. In contrast, the BCC was relatively robust, changing little until after repeated additions of glucose and prolonged (~10 d) incubation.
    Description: H.W.D. and A.E.M. were supported by US NSF grants ANT-0632278 and ANT- 0632389, respectively. This research was partly supported by NSF OPP-0217282 (Palmer LTER). J.F.G. was supported by the Institut Français pour la Recherche et la Technologie Polaires (IFRTP).
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Bacterial community composition ; Bioassay ; Marine bacterioplankton
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 58 (2010): 229-239, doi:10.3354/ame01374.
    Description: The regulation of heterotrophic bacterial growth by resource supply (bottom-up control) was temperature-dependent in our analysis of data obtained during 2006 in the euphotic layer of the southern Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic) continental shelf. The dataset was split into 2 subgroups using 16°C as the boundary between warm and cool waters based on differences in associated physico-chemical conditions, e.g. inorganic nutrient limitation at higher temperatures. The linear regressions between bacterial biomass (BB) and leucine incorporation rates (LIR) were significantly positive in both temperature regimes, thus indicating similar total bottom-up control, albeit with a slightly higher slope in warm waters (0.33 vs. 0.22). However, the relationship of LIR with phytoplankton biomass (chl a), which is an indicator of bottom-up control that is mediated by phytoplankton, was only significant in waters below 16°C. The analysis of bimonthly variations in the BB-LIR and LIR-chl a correlations indicated that the strength of total bottom-up control significantly increased while the role of phytoplankton in supplying DOM to bacteria diminished with mean temperatures over the 12 to 19°C range, suggesting a seasonal switch in the major source of substrates used by bacteria. We show that the abundance of cells with relatively high nucleic acid content (HNA), which are hypothesized to be the most active ones, was positively associated with bacterial production and specific growth rates in cool but not in warm conditions. These results suggest that HNA bacteria are good predictors of bulk activity and production in temperate ecosystems only when the community relies principally on phytoplankton substrates for growth and metabolism.
    Description: X.A.G.M. was partially supported by a sabbatical grant at the MBL from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) and A.C.-D. received an FPI research training predoctoral fellowhip. This work was supported by the time-series project RADIALES from the Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO).
    Keywords: Bacterioplankton ; Bottom-up control ; Temperature ; Bacterial biomass ; Bacterial activity ; Phytoplankton ; Coastal waters
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation hivernale de la lagune de Bizerte en se basant sur une campagne de mesures effectuée en janvier 2004. Cette campagne a porté sur 17 stations réparties sur toute la lagune ainsi qu’une station marine de référence. Chaque échantillon a fait l’objet de mesures in-situ (Température, Salinité, Conductivité, Transparence, Acidité et Oxygène dissous) et des analyses au laboratoire (NO3, NO2, NT, PO4, Chlorophylle-a, Phéopigment et MES). Cette étude a montré que la distribution spatiale des paramètres est fortement liée aux apports fluviaux. Contrairement au phosphore minéral, la teneur en azote total montre une variation spatiale importante. L’analyse de la distribution spatiale des nutriments d’une part et de la chlorophylle-a d’autre part suggère (que le phosphore minéral est un facteur limitant pour la production primaire) une relation étroite entre la biomasse phytoplanctonique et la disponibilité du phosphore minéral. Une caractérisation spatiale de la lagune a été effectuée au moyen d’une Classification Hiérarchique Ascendante (CAH) permettant le regroupement des stations ainsi qu’une Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) qui a permis la caractérisation multivariée des stations. La Méthode des Vecteurs Equivalents (MVE) a été par la suite utilisée pour identifier les paramètres hydrobiologiques expliquant la plus grande part de la variance totale de l’ensemble des données. L’analyse statistique a permis de distinguer quatre zones le chenal de navigation (y compris le goulet), la zone conchylicole, la zone littorale et la partie centrale.
    Description: اهتمت هذه الدّراسة بتقييم بحيرة بنزرت من خلال انتشار العوامل الهيدرو بيولوجية بها و ذلك بالإعتماد على 17 محطة منتشرة علي كامل البحيرة. خضعت على عيّنة لقياسات أنيّة على عين المكان (الحرارة ، الملوحة، التواصل الكهربائي، الشفافية، الحموضة و كمية الأكسجين في الماء) و لتحاليل مخبريّة ( النتريت، النترات، النتروجين الكلّي، الفسفور الرّباعي، اليخضور "أ"، صبغ الفيتوبلانكتون و المواد العالقة). لقد أبرزت هذه الدّراسة أنّ انتشار العوامل الهيدروبيولوجية مرتبط أساسا بحمولة مياه السّيلان و الأوديّة والتيارات المائية كما ابرزّ تحليل انتشار المواد المغذية و اليخضورعلاقة متميزة بين كميّة الفيتوبلانكتونات و الفسفور الرّباعي. لقد مكنت هذه الدّراسة بالإعتماد على طرق إحصائية مختلفة من تحديد أربعة مناطق تتشابه نوعيّة الماء بها، وهي : قنال البحيرة، منطقة تربية المحّار، المناطق السّاحلية و المنطقة الوسطى للبحيرة.
    Description: This work concerns the winter characterization of the lagoon of Bizerte based on series of measurement taken in January 2004 (winter season). This sampling has interested 17 stations distributed in the lagoon and a reference marine station. Each sample was the subject of in-situ measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency, Suspended matter, Acidity and dissolved Oxygen) and of the analyses in the laboratory (NO3 NO2 , NT, PO4 , Chlorophyll-a, Pheopigment and MES). For better characterizing the state of the lagoon a statistical analysis was applied to the hydrobiological data obtained. This analysis consists in applying the technique of Principal Components Analysis (ACP) and the technique of the Ascending Hierarchical Clustering (CAH) with flexible bonds. The last stage consists in using the Method of the Equivalent Vectors (EVM) in order to identify the significant hydrobiological parameters. This study showed that the space distribution of the parameters is strongly related to the contributions of fresh waters. With the opposition to mineral phosphorus the total nitrogen content shows a significant space variation. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the nutriments on the one hand and chlorophyll-a on the other hand suggests a close connection between the quantity of the phytoplankton and the availability of mineral phosphorus. The statistical analysis made it possible to distinguish five areas the Narrow part, the conchylaceous zone, the littoral zone, the eastern, the western part and the central part.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Geographical distribution ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Hydrobiology ; Geographical distribution ; Hydrobiology ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Les données du Réseau National de Surveillance Phytoplanctonique ont été examinées dans le golfe de Gabes durant la période 1995-2005. Un intérêt particulier a été attribué au phénomène de bloom phytoplanctonique. En outre, nous avons examiné plus spécifiquement les variations spatio-temporelles des espèces responsables et les relations avec la variabilité des conditions abiotiques, essentiellement la température, la salinité et le pH. Les résultats ont montré que la période allant d’août à janvier, avec des pics en septembre et janvier, semble être propice à des efflorescences algales. Les dinoflagellés sont responsables de 89% des cas ; l’espèce Karenia selliformis détient à elle seule 64% des occurrences de ce phénomène. Les blooms de K. selliformis, bien que relativement fréquents dans des zones spécifiques, ne montrent pas de différence de concentrations significative selon les zones d’échantillonnage. Ceci nous amène à suggérer que les blooms de cette espèce auraient plusieurs foyers. Cette espèce fluctue aussi indépendamment des années et des mois, mais elle montre une nette exigence pour des salinités supérieures à 42 g/l. Ce paramètre pourrait être utilisé comme marqueur pour prévoir l’apparition de K. selliformis dans le golfe de Gabes, à l’encontre des autres espèces qui ne présentent pas de spécificité pour aucun facteur abiotique.
    Description: بدأ برنامج مراقبة الطّحالب المجهريّة السّامة في مناطق إنتاج القوقعيات في خليج قابس في مارس 1995. من أهداف هذه المُراقبة إحصاء هذه الكائنّات وتصنيفها وتحديد الوضعيّات البيولوجيّة الخاصّة بها مثل التكيّس، التكاثر والتسمّم. مكنّتنا عشر سنوات من المُراقبة من الحصول على بنك من المعلومات يحتوي كلّ تلك الملاحظات إضافة إلى بعض العوامل البيئيّة. قمنا في هذه الدراسة بفحص التنوع المكاني والزماني للأنواع المسؤولة على التكاثر و مدى تفاعلها مع العوامل البيئية وخاصة درجة الحرارة والملوحة ودرجة الحموضة. أظهرت هذه النتائج أن الطحالب تتكاثر في الفترة المتراوحة من أوت إلى جانفي و أن فصيلة الدينوفلاجلي مسؤولة عن 89 ٪ من مجموع حالات التكاثر بحيث تملك نوعية Karenia selliformis وحدها 64 ٪ من حدوث هذه الظاهرة. و تظهر selliformis Karenia في كل مناطق أخذ العينات و ذلك بنسب متفاوتة من جهة إلى اخرى. هذا التكاثر يتغير أيضا حسب الأشهر و السنوات كما يتأثر أيضا بدرجة الملوحة التي تفوق 42 ‰. هذا العامل يمكن أن يستخدم كعلامة للتنبؤ بتكاثر Karenia selliformis في خليج قابس ، بعكس الأنواع الأخرى التي ليست لها أي خصوصية لأي عامل البيئي.
    Description: The data of the National Phytoplankton Monitoring Program are examined in the Gulf of Gabes during the period 1995-2005. A particular interest is assigned to the blooms events. We particularly examine the spatial and temporal variations of the responsible species and the relationships with the variability of temperature, salinity and pH. The results show that the period from August to January, with peaks in September and January, seems to be favourable to algal blooms. The dinoflagellates are responsible of 89% of the recorded blooms with the species Karenia selliformis representing 64% of the occurrences. Blooms of K. selliformis, although relatively frequent in a specific zone, their concentrations do not show statistically significant variations among sampled zones. This leads to suggest that blooms of this species would be initiated in different zones in the Gulf of Gabes. K. selliformis fluctuates also independently of years and months, but it shows a specific requirement for salinity (higher than 42 g/l). This parameter can be used as a marker to predict the appearance of K. selliformis in the Gulf of Gabes. The others phytoplankton species do not have any specific requirements for the studied abiotic variables.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: pH ; Phytoplankton ; Algal blooms ; Environmental conditions ; Salinity ; Algal blooms ; Environmental conditions ; Phytoplankton ; Salinity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Le suivi régulier des teneurs en chlorophylle a et en sels nutritifs dans la lagune de l'Ichkeul durant l’année 1993 a permis de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cet écosystème, milieu original et complexe. Les cycles annuels de la chlorophylle et des sels nutritifs montrent des fluctuations importantes, à l'échelle hebdomadaire. Les fortes biomasses phytoplanctoniques sont observées en hiver en période de courant sortant, en opposition avec les concentrations de phosphore réactif dissous qui ne sont notables que dans l’oued Tinja par courant entrant. Les nitrates et nitrites sont en concentrations plus irrégulières, sans saisonnalité marquée. La gamme des concentrations mesurées en 1993 a été comparable à celle observée lors des années précédentes.
    Description: مكّنت المتابعة المستمرّة لتقلّب الكلوروفيل والأملاح المغذّية في بحيرة إشكل من وصف وتحليل بعض التّغيّرات الموْسميّة ومقارنتها مع الأحوال السّابقة. وقد حاولنا من خِلال هذا التّحليل فهم سَيْر مَوْئِل إشكل الذّي يمثّل وَسَطا فريدًا. أظهرت متابعة الدّورات السّنويّة للكلوروفيل وَالأملاح المغذّية تغيّرات أسبوعيّة هامّة. سجّلت الأوزان الحيويّة للبلنكتون النباتي ارتفاعا ملحوظا في فصل الشّتاء خلال فترة التيّار الخارجي من البحيرة على عكس كميّة الفسفور التّي لم تكن هامّة إلاّ في واد تينجة خلال فترة التيّار الدّاخلي. تبدو كميّة النيتروجين غير منتظمة ودون تباين موسمي. يمكن اعتبار كميّات الكلوروفيل وَالأملاح المغذّية التّي جرى قياسها سنة 1993 في حدود تلك التّي سُجِّلت الأعوام السّابقة.
    Description: The chlorophyll and nutritive salt follow up in Ichkeul lagoon in 1993 allows us to better understand the functioning of this original and complex ecosystem. The chlorophyll and nutritive salt yearly cycles show important weekly fluctuations. A high phytoplankton biomass was observed during winter with an outflow in oued Tinja, whereas significant concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus occured only in inflows through oued Tinja. Nitrate and nitrite were more irregular with no marked seasonality. The concentrations which have been measured during 1993 did not differ from those of the previous years.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nitrites ; Ecosystems ; Nitrates ; Phytoplankton ; Chlorophylls ; Phosphates ; Nitrites ; Chlorophylls ; Ecosystems ; Nitrates ; Phosphates ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ce travail porte sur le développement d’un modèle hydroécologique tridimensionnel basé sur deux éléments nutritifs l’azote et le phosphore. Le modèle hydrodynamique est forcé par des données climatiques mensuelles NOAA. Le modèle écologique a été développé en se basant sur deux éléments nutritifs l’azote et le phosphore en interaction avec le phytoplancton et le zooplancton. Le modèle écologique est constitué de deux compartiments, la colonne d’eau et la couche supérieure de sédiment. Huit variables d’états caractérisent la colonne d’eau et six le compartiment sédiment. Comme première application, le modèle a été testé sur la lagune de Bizerte. Une comparaison entre les résultats des simulations et les observations a montré que le modèle a pu reproduire d’une manière satisfaisante les observations réalisées dans la lagune. Deux pics de phytoplancton ont été simulés. Un premier pic bien prononcé au printemps et un deuxième pic moins important au mois de septembre. La variation saisonnière de l’oxygène dissous est relativement bien reproduite par le modèle. Les concentrations élevées ont été retrouvées en hiver alors que les faibles concentrations en été.
    Description: يتعلق هذا العمل بإعداد نمذجة رقمية هيدروإيكولوجية لبحيرة بنزرت. إن دراسة نظام حركية المياه ببحيرة بنزرت قد تم بالاعتماد على نمذجة رقمية ثلاثية الأبعاد حسب مقاييس نموذج برنستون للمحيطات (Princeton Ocean Model) المتأثر بالمعطيات المناخية.أما عن النمذجة الرقمية الإيكولوجية فقد تم وضعها بالاعتماد على السلسلة الغذائية ببحيرة بنزرت. تبرز نتائج محاكاة المتغيرات المشار إليها أعلاه وجود تطابق مع المعطيات الميدانية. ويلاحظ أنه بالنسبة للتغيرات الموسمية للأكسجين وجود تطابق، وبشكل جيد، مع نتائج النمذجة الرقمية. كما بينت الدراسة وجود نسبة مرتفعة من الأكسجين بالماء بفصل الخريف إلا أن نسبة الكثافة تكون منخفضة بفصل الصيف. كما أن التغيير الموسمي لليخظور ''أ'' بين وجود قمتان اثنتان موزعتان كما يلي: ظهرت القمة الأولى في فصل الربيع، أما الثانية، وهي أكثر أهمية ظهرت، خلال شهر سبتمبر.
    Description: This work concerns the development of a three dimensional hydroecological model based on two nutrient elements, nitrogen and phosphorus.The hydrodynamic model is 3D forced by monthly climatic data of NOAA. The ecological model was developed based on two nutrient elements, nitrogen and phosphorus in interaction with the phytoplankton and zooplancton. The ecological model is made up with two compartments, the water column and the sediment layer. Eight state variables are used to characterize the water column and six state variables for the sediment layer. As a first application, the model was tested on the Bizerte Lagoon. A comparison between simulations and observations showed that the model can reproduce with satisfactory way the observations carried out in the Bizerte Lagoon. Two phytoplankton peaks were simulated. The first one well pronounced in spring and the second one which is less significant in September. The seasonal variation of dissolved oxygen is well simulated. The high concentrations were simulated in winter whereas the low ones in summer.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Dissolved oxygen ; Models ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Hydrodynamics ; Dissolved oxygen ; Hydrodynamics ; Models ; Nutrient cycles ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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