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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (6,725)
  • Wiley  (6,143)
  • 2020-2024  (7,839)
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
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    Dynamic species distribution models of Antarctic blue whales in the Weddell Sea using visual sighting and passive acoustic monitoring data (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, 30(1), pp. 87-105, ISSN: 1366-9516
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) are essential tools in ecology and conservation. However, the scarcity of visual sightings of marine mammals in remote polar areas hinders the effective application of SDMs there. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data provide year-round information and overcome foul weather limitations faced by visual surveys. However, the use of PAM data in SDMs has been sparse so far. Here, we use PAM-based SDMs to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale in the Weddell Sea. Location: The Weddell Sea. Methods: We used presence-only dynamic SDMs employing visual sightings and PAM detections in independent models. We compared the two independent models with a third combined model that integrated both visual and PAM data, aiming at leveraging the advantages of each data type: the extensive spatial extent of visual data and the broader temporal/environmental range of PAM data. Results: Visual and PAM data prove complementary, as indicated by a low spatial overlap between daily predictions and the low predictability of each model at detections of other data types. Combined data models reproduced suitable habitats as given by both independent models. Visual data models indicate areas close to the sea ice edge (SIE) and with low-to-moderate sea ice concentrations (SIC) as suitable, while PAM data models identified suitable habitats at a broader range of distances to SIE and relatively higher SIC. Main Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential of PAM data to predict year-round marine mammal habitat suitability at large spatial scales. We provide reasons for discrepancies between SDMs based on either data type and give methodological recommendations on using PAM data in SDMs. Combining visual and PAM data in future SDMs is promising for studying vocalized animals, particularly when using recent advances in integrated distribution modelling methods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 2
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    Sustainability: We need to focus on overall system outcomes rather than simplistic targets (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3People and Nature, Wiley, ISSN: 2575-8314
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Many of the global challenges that confront humanity are interlinked in a dynamic complex network, with multiple feedback loops, nonlinear interactions and interdependencies that make it difficult, if not impossible, to consider individual threats in isolation. These challenges are mainly dealt with, however, by considering individual threats in isolation (at least in political terms). The mitigation of dual climate and biodiversity threats, for example, is linked to a univariate 1.5°C global warming boundary and a global area conservation target of 30% by 2030. The situation has been somewhat improved by efforts to account for interactions through multidimensional target setting, adaptive and open management and market-based decision pathways. But the fundamental problem still remains—that complex systems such as those formed by the network of global threats have emergent properties that are more than the sum of their parts. We must learn how to deal with or live with these properties if we are to find effective ways to cope with the threats, individually and collectively. Here, we argue that recent progresses in complex systems research and related fields have enhanced our ability to analyse and model such entwined systems to the extent that it offers the promise of a new approach to sustainability. We discuss how this may be achieved, both in theory and in practice, and how human cultural factors play an important but neglected role that could prove vital to achieving success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 26, pp. e16568-e16568, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-19
    Description: The long-term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015–2019; 5–100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower-photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic- and Atlantic-influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial-biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    A temperature‐controlled, circular maintenance system for studying growth and development of pelagic tunicates (salps) (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography Methods, Wiley, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-29
    Description: Salps have attracted attention as zooplankton organisms that may be able to expand their habitat range and increase their ecological importance in the face of ongoing global warming. Due to their gelatinous nature, unique feeding strategy, and reproductive ecology such changes could have profound impacts on regional marine ecosystems. While their role in the regional carbon cycle is receiving attention, our knowledge of their physiology and life cycle is still limited. This knowledge gap is mainly due to their fragile gelatinous nature, which makes it difficult to capture and maintain intact specimen in the laboratory. We present here a modified kreisel tank system that has been tested onboard a research vessel with the Southern Ocean salp Salpa thompsoni and at a research station with Salpa fusiformis and Thalia democratica from the Mediterranean Sea. Successful maintenance over days to weeks allowed us to obtain relative growth and developmental rates comparable to in situ field samples of S. thompsoni and S. fusiformis, and provided insights into previously unknown features of their life cycle (e.g., testes development). Our results show that traditional methods of estimating growth, such as cohort analysis, may lead to a general overestimation of growth rates and neglect individual strategies (e.g., shrinkage), which can affect the results and conclusions drawn from population dynamic models. By providing a starting point for the successful maintenance of different species, comparable experiments on the physiology of salps is made possible. This will contribute to refining model parameters and improving the reliability of the predictions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Translation, collision and vertical‐axis rotation in the Organyà and Montsec minibasins (South‐Central Pyrenees, Spain) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This paper presents a sequentially restored cross-section of the Organyà and Montsec minibasins based on geological mapping, new field observations and available borehole data. The main objective was to describe the geometry and evolution of both basins in terms of salt tectonics and minibasin mobility. To this end, a comprehensive palaeomagnetic database has been used to constrain vertical-axis rotations potentially related to minibasin translation and pivoting. The Organyà minibasin constitutes an asymmetric depocentre formed during the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous by translation above a southerly inclined salt layer. Salt evacuation and minibasin touchdown induced salt accumulation on the northern side of the basin that culminated in the development of the major Santa Fe unconformity during the late Albian—early Cenomanian. Indicative of salt quiescence is the following isopachous Cenomanian to lower Santonian sequence Salt tectonics resumed during the late Santonian—Palaeocene, with the Montsec minibasin downbuilding coinciding with the onset of Pyrenean convergence. Changes of the base-salt topography reflects regional-scale geodynamic processes. The acceleration of crustal thinning in the North Pyrenean zone during the late Albian-early Cenomanian favoured uplift in the Axial Zone, increasing slope and triggering salt mobilization in the Southern Pyrenees. Likewise, the onset of contraction renewed the downslope gliding of the Organyà and Montsec minbasins, and supports the idea that the early stages of basin inversion were governed by gravity tectonics. The kinematic reconstruction suggests that the more that 30° counterclockwise vertical axis rotation records pivoting during the suprasalt translation of the Organyà minibasin rather than solely the Iberian microplate rotation.
    Description: Published
    Description: e12846
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Long‐term shifts in phenology, thermal niche, population size, and their interactions in marine pelagic copepods (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-08
    Description: Under climatic warming many species shift their seasonal timing of life cycle events (phenology) and seasonal abundance distribution, but whether they maintain the same thermal niche is still poorly understood. Here, we studied multidecadal trends in abundance and phenology of seven major copepod species across three stations (Stonehaven (SH), Helgoland Roads (HR), and Plymouth L4) on the North–West European shelf, spanning ~ 6.5° of latitude. All seven species consistently occupied colder temperatures at the northern station compared to the southerly station, but they maintained the same realized thermal niche over years. Expected phenological shifts (i.e., earlier when warmer) in some stations were obscured possibly by the long-term drop of copepod density in spring–summer, which may be due to a variation in the food/predators abundance. The ongoing spring–summer declines in abundance (~ 50%) of many North Atlantic pelagic species over the last five decades, as found in recent studies, may have also influenced the metrics of seasonal timing. To separate the seasonal timing of life events from that of seasonal abundance distribution, we used a time series of egg production rate (EPR) of Calanus helgolandicus at L4, and found that this shifted later into the summer–autumn over the last 30 yr of warming, coincident with declining spring–summer food and increasing predator abundance. Overall, direct temperature effects do appear to influence the seasonal timing of the copepods, but to explain impacts at individual stations or long-term trends in population size or phenology, understanding the changing balance of food and predators appears to be critical.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    A multiple baseline approach for marine heatwaves (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Marine heatwaves and other extreme temperature events can drive biological responses, including mass mortality. However, their effects depend on how they are experienced by biological systems (including human societies). We applied two different baselines (fixed and shifting) to a time series of North Sea water temperature to explore how slowly vs. quickly adapting systems would experience extreme temperatures. We tested if the properties of marine heatwaves and the association with atmospheric heatwaves were robust to a change in baseline. A fixed baseline produced an increase in the frequency and duration of marine heatwaves, which would be experienced as the new normal by slowly adapting systems; 7 of the 10 most severe heatwaves occurred between 1990 and 2018. The shifting baseline removed the trend in the frequency but not duration of heatwaves; the 1990s appeared as a period of change in the frequency of strong and severe heatwaves as compared to the 1980s. There were also common patterns among baselines: marine heatwaves were more frequent in late summer when temperatures peak; temperature variability was characterized by low frequency, large amplitude fluctuations (i.e., as red noise), known to drive extinction events. In addition, marine heatwaves occurred during or just after atmospheric heatwaves. Our work highlights the importance of identifying properties of marine heatwaves that are robust or contingent on a change in baseline.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Phenological responses to climate change frequently vary among trophic levels, which can result in increasing asynchrony between the peak energy requirements of consumers and the availability of resources. Migratory birds use multiple habitats with seasonal food resources along migration flyways. Spatially heterogeneous climate change could cause the phenology of food availability along the migration flyway to become desynchronized. Such heterogeneous shifts in food phenology could pose a challenge to migratory birds by reducing their opportunity for food availability along the migration path and consequently influencing their survival and reproduction. We develop a novel graph-based approach to quantify this problem and deploy it to evaluate the condition of the heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology for 16 migratory herbivorous waterfowl species in Asia. We show that climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology could cause a 12% loss of migration network integrity on average across all study species. Species that winter at relatively lower latitudes are subjected to a higher loss of integrity in their migration network. These findings highlight the susceptibility of migratory species to climate change. Our proposed methodological framework could be applied to migratory species in general to yield an accurate assessment of the exposure under climate change and help to identify actions for biodiversity conservation in the face of climate-related risks.
    Keywords: bird migration ; climate change ; graph-based approach ; heterogeneous shifts ; network integrity ; phenological asynchrony ; vegetation phenology
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Coherent response of zoo‐ and phytoplankton assemblages to global warming since the Last Glacial Maximum (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 0960-7447
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Aim: We are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming. Location: North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S. Time period: Past 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation. Major taxa studied: Planktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores. Methods: We analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean. Results: All plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio-temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non-linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change. Main conclusions: Climate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long-lasting reshuffling of zoo- and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic-dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic-dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Testing the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis as a cause of low, present‐day Norwegian Sea diversity and resulting steep latitudinal diversity gradient, using fossil records (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 1466-822X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Aim〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Within the intensively‐studied, well‐documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep‐sea biodiversity of the present‐day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep‐sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? 〈jats:italic〉(〈/jats:italic〉2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered?〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Location〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Time period〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Taxa studied〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ostracoda (Crustacea).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Methods〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉We empirically test the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Results〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre‐ and post‐MBE.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Main conclusions〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present‐day‐style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE‐induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post‐MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the MBE has played an important role in the establishment of the modern polar deep‐sea ecosystem and biodiversity in general.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Essential omega‐3 fatty acids are depleted in sea ice and pelagic algae of the Central Arctic Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, 30(1), pp. e17090-e17090, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Microalgae are the main source of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming-induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules and an enhanced importance of high latitude organisms for their provision. The cold Arctic Ocean is a potential hotspot of EPA and DHA production, but consequences of global warming are unknown. Here, we combine a full-seasonal EPA and DHA dataset from the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), with results from 13 previous field studies and 32 cultured algal strains to examine five potential climate change effects; ice algae loss, community shifts, increase in light, nutrients, and temperature. The algal EPA and DHA proportions were lower in the ice-covered CAO than in warmer peripheral shelf seas, which indicates that the paradigm of an inverse correlation of EPA and DHA proportions with temperature may not hold in the Arctic. We found no systematic differences in the summed EPA and DHA proportions of sea ice versus pelagic algae, and in diatoms versus non-diatoms. Overall, the algal EPA and DHA proportions varied up to four-fold seasonally and 10-fold regionally, pointing to strong light and nutrient limitations in the CAO. Where these limitations ease in a warming Arctic, EPA and DHA proportions are likely to increase alongside increasing primary production, with nutritional benefits for a non-ice-associated food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    A review of the tectonic, volcanological and hazard history of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Vulcano is one of the seven volcanic islands composing the Aeolian Islands archipelago (Southern Italy), which also includes three other active volcanoes. The island was orig-inally a stratovolcano like Stromboli; afterwards, its shape turned towards a complex structure composed of several volcanic landforms of different sizes. This is due to the great variability of the tectonic and volcanic phenomena, presently showing a volcano made by two calderas, a lava dome complex and two small active cones. The largest of them is the tuff cone of La Fossa, hosted in the middle of a 3- km-wide caldera struc-ture (La Fossa caldera), whose borders are visible on the southern and western sides of the island. Its last eruption occurred in 1888–1890. At present, Vulcano is charac-terized by weak shallow seismicity and intense fumarolic activity mainly concentrated within the crater of the La Fossa cone and along its rims during a recent unrest phase started in 2021, and measured with a multiparametric monitoring network.
    Description: Published
    Description: 471-487
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands, Vulcano ; multihazard ; plumbing system ; unrest ; volcanic history ; stratigraphy ; tectonics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Conservation Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 1755-263X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Numerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Piecing the barcoding puzzle of Palearctic water frogs (Pelophylax) sheds light on amphibian biogeography and global invasions (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17180
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Palearctic water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are an outstanding model in ecology and evolution, being widespread, speciose, either threatened or threatening to other species through biological invasions, and capable of siring hybrid offspring that escape the rules of sexual reproduction. Despite half a century of genetic research and hundreds of publications, the diversity, systematics and biogeography of Pelophylax still remain highly confusing, in no small part due to a lack of correspondence between studies. To provide a comprehensive overview, we gathered 〉13,000 sequences of barcoding genes from 〉1700 native and introduced localities and built multigene mitochondrial (~17 kb) and nuclear (~10 kb) phylogenies. We mapped all currently recognized taxa and their phylogeographic lineages (〉40) to get a grasp on taxonomic issues, cyto-nuclear discordances, the genetic makeup of hybridogenetic hybrids, and the origins of introduced populations. Competing hypotheses for the molecular calibration were evaluated through plausibility tests, implementing a new approach relying on predictions from the anuran speciation continuum. Based on our timetree, we propose a new biogeographic paradigm for the Palearctic since the Paleogene, notably by attributing a prominent role to the dynamics of the Paratethys, a vast paleo-sea that extended over most of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that distinct marsh frog lineages from Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Near East, and Central Asia (P. ridibundus ssp.) are naturally capable of inducing hybridogenesis with pool frogs (P. lessonae). We identified 14 alien lineages (mostly of P. ridibundus) over ~20 areas of invasions, especially in Western Europe, with genetic signatures disproportionally pointing to the Balkans and Anatolia as the regions of origins, in line with exporting records of the frog leg industry and the stocks of pet sellers. Pelophylax thus emerges as one of the most invasive amphibians worldwide, and deserves much higher conservation concern than currently given by the authorities fighting biological invasions.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
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    Distinct bacterial succession and functional response to alginate in the South, Equatorial, and North Pacific Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 26(3), pp. e16594-e16594, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-11
    Description: The availability of alginate, an abundant macroalgal polysaccharide, induces compositional and functional responses among marine microbes, but these dynamics have not been characterized across the Pacific Ocean. We investigated alginate-induced compositional and functional shifts (e.g., heterotrophic production, glucose turnover, hydrolytic enzyme activities) of microbial communities in the South Subtropical, Equatorial, and Polar Frontal North Pacific in mesocosms. We observed that shifts in response to alginate were site-specific. In the South Subtropical Pacific, prokaryotic cell counts, glucose turnover, and peptidase activities changed the most with alginate addition, along with the enrichment of the widest range of particle-associated taxa (161 amplicon sequence variants; ASVs) belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Phormidiaceae, and Pseudoalteromonadaceae. Some of these taxa were detected at other sites but only enriched in the South Pacific. In the Equatorial Pacific, glucose turnover and heterotrophic prokaryotic production increased most rapidly; a single Alteromonas taxon dominated (60% of the community) but remained low (〈2%) elsewhere. In the North Pacific, the particle-associated community response to alginate was gradual, with a more limited range of alginate-enriched taxa (82 ASVs). Thus, alginate-related ecological and biogeochemical shifts depend on a combination of factors that include the ability to utilize alginate, environmental conditions, and microbial interactions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    Coupled U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar chronology of late‐stage intrusions at Elba Island (Italy) supports late Miocene long‐lived magma reservoirs in the Tyrrhenian upper crust (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: The late Miocene Monte Capanne and Porto Azzurro plutons are investigated by means of coupled U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating to test the occurrence of long-lived magmatic systems in the upper crust. Zircon crystallized for 〉 1 Myr in both plutonic systems, with supersolidus conditions overlapping for ~220 kyr indicating previously unrecognized co-existence of the two reservoirs. The development of the Porto Azzurro high T-aureole is post-dated by continuous igneous zircon crystallization until ~ 6.0 Ma. By linking crystallization to post-emplacement cooling of late-stage pulses in both western and eastern Elba we constrain long-lived sizeable reservoirs (possibly the same reservoir) in the Tyrrhenian upper crust between ~8 and 6 Ma.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating ; Elba Island ; long-lived magma reservoirs ; U–Pb zircon dating ; MioceneTyrrhenian crust ; upper crustal granites ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Epizoic yellow sponge (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) expansion on living Scleractinian corals in Bintan, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Marine Ecology vol. 2024 no. e12796
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia are under threat due to changes in the environment driven by global climate change, along with local disturbances such as sedimentation and eutrophication. Consequently, comprehensive coral reef monitoring \nactivities have been initiated at numerous locations across Indonesia. In this study, the \nfindings from coral reef health surveys across 14 reef sites (within 40 hectares) in the \nBintan area (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia; 100\xe2\x80\x89km southeast of Singapore) revealed a \npotentially novel epizoic yellow sponge species (Phorbas sp.) that overgrows coral colonies. This species, tentatively classified as a new Phorbas sp. (order Poecilosclerida: \nfamily Hymedesmiidae), was identified through a combined approach employing classical taxonomic methods along with DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase \nI (COI) gene. At every site, three permanent 20-m transects were established to annually monitor live coral coverage and species composition between 2014 and 2017. \nThe survey indicated a notable change in the overall coral cover during this period. \nThe abundance of coral diseases was investigated in 2014 and 2017. Additionally, the \nprogress of Phorbas sp., was closely monitored (i.e., every second day for one week) \nat Bintan Island (site 11) during the dry season in August 2017. This approach aimed \nto approximate the relative impact of each incident on the coral\'s condition. The results indicated that the most comprehensive change occurred due to the overgrowth \nof Phorbas sp., which affected 12 scleractinian coral species across eight genera in \nalmost all sites except one. The abundance of this epizoic sponge infestation was \nhighest at Pulau Beralas Pasir (site 10), constituting 22.9% of all recorded life forms, \nand lowest at Pulau Pangkil-Besar (site 13), with only 0.7%. The expansion of the thin \nyellow sponge tissue was estimated to increase by up to 0.51\xe2\x80\x89\xc2\xb1\xe2\x80\x890.48\xe2\x80\x89cm2 \n per day on \nPorites coral.
    Keywords: coral disease ; coral health ; expansion progress ; novel sponge ; yellow band disease
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 19
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    Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Biogeography vol. 2024 no. 14816
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2= 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2= 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (〉66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
    Keywords: community assembly ; dispersal limitation ; environmental selection ; evolutionary principal ; component analysis ; indicator lineage analysis ; Moran's eigenvector maps ; neotropics ; Niche ; conservatism ; tropical rain forests
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 20
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    The second most abundant dinophyte in the ponds of a botanical garden is a species new to science (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Wiley, 71(2), pp. e13015-e13015, ISSN: 1066-5234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In the microscopy realm, a large body of dark biodiversity still awaits to be uncovered. Unarmoured dinophytes are particularly neglected here, as they only present inconspicuous traits. In a remote German locality, we collected cells, from which a monoclonal strain was established, to study morphology using light and electron microscopy and to gain DNA sequences from the rRNA operon. In parallel, we detected unicellular eukaryotes in ponds of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg by DNA-metabarcoding (V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene), weekly sampled over the course of a year. Strain GeoK*077 turned out to be a new species of Borghiella with a distinct position in molecular phylogenetics and characteristic coccoid cells of ovoid shape as the most important diagnostic trait. Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., was also present in artificial ponds of the Botanical Garden and was the second most abundant dinophyte detected in the samples. More specifically, Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., shows a clear seasonality, with high frequency during winter months and complete absence during summer months. The study underlines the necessity to assess the biodiversity, particularly of the microscopy realm more ambitiously, if even common species such as formerly Borghiella ovum are yet unknown to science.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 21
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18(4), ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 22
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18, ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
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  • 23
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18, ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
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  • 24
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    Effects of bottom‐up factors on growth and toxin content of a harmful algae bloom dinoflagellate (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: The toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax has become increasingly abundant in northern European waters, replacing other Alexandrium species. A. pseudogonyaulax produces goniodomins and lytic substances, which can be cytotoxic toward other organisms, including fish, but we still know little about the environmental conditions influencing its growth and toxicity. Here, we investigated the impacts of different nitrogen sources and light intensities, common bottom-up drivers of bloom formation, on the growth and toxin content of three A. pseudogonyaulax strains isolated from the Danish Limfjord. While the growth rates were significantly influenced by nitrogen source and light intensity, the intracellular toxin contents only showed strong differences between the exponential and stationary growth phases. Moreover, the photophysiological response of A. pseudogonyaulax showed little variation across varying light intensities, while light-harvesting pigments were significantly more abundant under low light conditions. This study additionally highlights considerable physiological variability between strains, emphasizing the importance of conducting laboratory experiments with several algal strains. A high physiological plasticity toward changing abiotic parameters points to a long-term establishment of A. pseudogonyaulax in northern European waters.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 25
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    Effects of bottom‐up factors on growth and toxin content of a harmful algae bloom dinoflagellate (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: The toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax has become increasingly abundant in northern European waters, replacing other Alexandrium species. A. pseudogonyaulax produces goniodomins and lytic substances, which can be cytotoxic toward other organisms, including fish, but we still know little about the environmental conditions influencing its growth and toxicity. Here, we investigated the impacts of different nitrogen sources and light intensities, common bottom-up drivers of bloom formation, on the growth and toxin content of three A. pseudogonyaulax strains isolated from the Danish Limfjord. While the growth rates were significantly influenced by nitrogen source and light intensity, the intracellular toxin contents only showed strong differences between the exponential and stationary growth phases. Moreover, the photophysiological response of A. pseudogonyaulax showed little variation across varying light intensities, while light-harvesting pigments were significantly more abundant under low light conditions. This study additionally highlights considerable physiological variability between strains, emphasizing the importance of conducting laboratory experiments with several algal strains. A high physiological plasticity toward changing abiotic parameters points to a long-term establishment of A. pseudogonyaulax in northern European waters.
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  • 26
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    Hydroclimate in a Changing World: Recent Trends, Current Progress and Future Directions (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented.
    Keywords: El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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    Nutritional Components of Wheat Based Food: Composition, Properties and Uses (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint concerns topics on chemical, functional, and technological features of wheats to obtain wheat-based foods improved in phytochemicals. Genetic materials, from landraces to ancient and modern wheat varieties, characterized for their content of bioactive compounds, were exploited to produce superior staple foods. The study of other species allowed to identify functional ingredients, in wholemeals or in their by-products, useful in the enrichment of formulations for various cereal-based products. Further, in the optic of circular economy, it is of great interest the extraction of bioactive components from food processing waste belonging to the other crops to functionalize final products.
    Keywords: durum wheat ; diversity ; pigmented cereals ; phytochemicals ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; protein ; gluten ; wheat aleurone ; dietary fibre ; extraction process ; antioxidant ; bread ; arabinoxylans ; bakery ; biologically active substances ; DPPH assay ; nutritional value ; sensory properties ; pasta fortification ; hemp flour ; durum wheat cultivar ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; mineral fortification ; brewers’ spent grain ; bread-making ; circular economy ; common wheat ; emmer ; phenolics ; proteins ; sustainable food production ; bread wheat ; spelt ; fibre ; metabolites ; minerals ; fertilisation ; health benefits ; colour ; farinograph ; rheofermentograph ; viscoelastic behaviour ; bread shelf life ; crumb porosity ; cereals ; wholemeal ; biscuits ; phenolic acid compositions ; carotenoids ; consumer acceptance ; wheat quality ; genetic resources ; ancient wheat ; avocado wastes/by-products ; functional bread ; lactic acid bacteria ; sourdough ; peels ; pulp ; seeds ; polyphenols ; antioxidant properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    Advances in Smart Materials and Structures (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart materials and structures are capable of active or passive changes in terms of shapes, properties, and mechanical or electromagnetic responses in reaction to an external stimulus, such as light, temperature, stress, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. They have attracted increasing interest for their enhanced performance and efficiency over a wide range of industrial applications, especially for aerospace. These require novel engineering approaches and design philosophies in order to integrate the actions of sensors, actuators, and control circuit elements into a single system that can respond adaptively to its surroundings. This reprint has collected cutting-edge research and recent advances in smart materials and structures, including seven original research papers and three review articles, co-authored by 65 scientists and engineers from 18 institutions and 3 industries. The research topics mainly cover advanced materials, applications of smart materials and structures, as well as recent development in sensing techniques. We hope this reprint will contribute to disseminating the latest progress in smart materials and structures, as well as stimulate the interest of its audience to work in this important and vibrant area to promote and benefit the multidisciplinary scientific communities.
    Keywords: textile-based mechanical sensors ; mechanism ; preparation ; advantages ; applications ; Artificial Neural Network (ANN) ; guided waves ; Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) ; Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; damage detection ; metals ; composites ; aeroelastic stability ; bladed disk ; intentional mistuning ; piezoelectric material ; topological optimization ; microstructure ; high-entropy alloy ; mechanical property ; bipedal robot ; dynamics simulation ; MRE isolator ; vibration reduction control algorithms ; no-core fiber ; polyaniline ; polyacrylic acid ; pH sensor ; multimode interference ; gas foil bearing ; Inconel alloy ; sensing foil ; strain field ; temperature field ; thermomechanical coupling ; thermomechanical characterization ; rotor dynamics ; turbomachinery ; cholesteric liquid crystals ; electro-optic response ; polymer stabilization ; ion-trapping mechanism ; liquid metal ; stretchable conductor ; 3D printing ; high dynamic stability ; wearable devices ; biomimetic ; Venus flytrap ; smart ; composite ; mechanics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 29
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    Transitioning to Zero Hunger (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2015, the United Nations decided to establish the goal of achieving “zero hunger” in the world by 2030 through “outcome targets” such as eliminating hunger and improving access to food, ending all forms of malnutrition, promoting sustainable and resilient agriculture, and maintaining genetic diversity in food production. As a result of this decision, strategies are under way in different countries around the world in the form of political, academic, development, and non-governmental organization projects and programs. Five years later, these strategies have certainly generated results that need to be documented and analyzed so as to answer the following questions: what are the progress and success stories in terms of policies, innovations, technologies, and approaches to reach the zero hunger goal? What are the constraints and mitigation strategies? Are we really in a phase of transition towards the zero hunger goal? What new directions do we need to consider to achieve this goal, particularly in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, which affects all sectors of development around the world? This book volume will be published within MDPI’s new open access book series entitled “Transitioning to Sustainability”. It welcomes contributions of empirical research, position pieces, and presentations of important research programs or stakeholder initiatives that cover any of the four “outcome targets” of the zero hunger goal. The contributions may come from academics, students, and policy makers of any region in the world and may be related to specific disciplines or be inter and/or transdisciplinary. They may cover areas including but not limited to sustainable improvement of food production, implementing sustainable food and farming systems, improving access to food, limiting malnutrition, limiting food loss and food waste and, finally, global analyses of the challenges of reaching zero hunger in relation to other sustainable development goals as well as success stories on projects, programmes or government initiatives. Transitioning to Zero Hunger is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries.
    Keywords: Politics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    Prognostic Factors for Pediatric Tumors (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In this Special Issue, recent advancements in the field of pediatric tumors are discussed, and novel prognostic markers are critically appraised. Greater understanding of the heterogeneity of pediatric cancers will ultimately lead to new therapeutic strategies with the potential to provide new prospects for precision medicine in pediatric oncology.
    Keywords: undernutrition ; obesity ; nutritional status ; childhood cancer ; overall survival ; event-free survival ; relapse ; treatment-related toxicity ; review ; sarcoma botryoides ; fertility-sparing surgery ; embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ; genital tract ; prognosis ; treatment ; local debulking ; neoadjuvant chemotherapy ; radiation ; ovarian cancer ; adolescents ; diagnosis ; therapy ; guidelines ; children ; papillary thyroid cancer ; proto-oncogene B-raf gene (BRAF) ; craniopharyngioma ; recurrence ; risk factors ; youth ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ; child ; genetics ; CDKN2A/2B deletions ; fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) ; multiple-ligation probe amplification (MLPA) ; copy-number alterations (CNAs) ; risk stratification ; minimal residual disease (MRD) ; cardiotoxicity ; chemotherapeutics agents ; biomarkers ; omics technology ; medulloblastoma ; tumor ; histologic ; pediatrics ; micro-RNAs ; non-coding RNAs ; molecular subgroup ; stratification ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; proteomics ; oncology ; chemotherapy ; cardiac function tests ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    ME/CFS – the Severely and Very Severely Affected (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Manuscripts in this monograph are sorted into five categories: 1. Case Reports: a description of living as a bedridden patient; structured interviews with severely affected ME/CFS patients; how past events contribute to severe ME/CFS; a comparison of moderately ill, severely ill, and very severely ill; case reports of ME/CFS in children. 2. A healthcare provider’s view of managing ME/CFS patients. 3. Characterization of the Severely and Very Severely Affected: (1) the most troubling symptoms; (2) disease severity diminishes capacity for exercise, (3) operationalized definitions of the severely ill and very severely ill; (4) the usefulness of a modified Korean Chalder Fatigue Scale Questionnaire; (5) cardiac dimensions and function in patients; (6) an easier tilt test; and (7) review of sleep studies. 4. Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment: (1) objective measures for grading ME/CFS; (2) a sitting tilt test for orthostatic intolerance; (3) the benefits of IVIgG; (4) risks and protective factors in suicidality; (5) malnutrition and overcoming it; (7) partnerships between patients, caregivers, and providers, and the use of technology; (8) a holistic model of care, “Compassion in Practice; and (9) the effects of suffering, utilizing a four-phase model. 5. Impact of the Disease: (1) a historical perspective; (2) the impact of ME/CFS on psychosocial dynamics; (3) the educational needs of school-aged; and (4) the economic impact of ME/CFS
    Keywords: Adolescence ; Adulthood ; Apnea ; Apnea-hypopnea index ; Bedbound ; Cardiac Function ; Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ; Caregivers ; Case Study ; Cerebral Blood Flow ; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ; Clinical Presentation ; Compassion In Practice ; Diagnosis ; Economic Impact ; Education ; Enteral Nutrition ; EUROMENE ; Europe-Wide ; Grief ; Homebound ; Illness progression ; Immunoglobulin Therapy ; Infection ; Isolation ; IVIgG ; Jarisch&ndash ; Herxheimer Reaction ; Laboratory Tests ; Lived experience ; Loss ; Malnutrition ; Mental Health ; ME/CFS ; Moderately Ill ; Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ; Orthostatic Stress ; Parenteral nutrition ; Patient Assessment ; Patient Management ; Prevention ; Psychological Causation ; Psychosocial ; Severely Ill ; Sleep ; Social Isolation ; Stigma ; Student Learning ; Suicidality ; Symptoms ; Telemedicine ; Trauma ; Treatment ; Tube feeding ; Very Severely III ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    Technological Advances in Seismic Data Processing and Imaging (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Seismic exploration is a geophysical method with deeper exploration capabilities and higher resolution than potential geophysical methods. It has been widely used in the fields of oil and gas, mineral, and environmental exploration, as well as engineering. This Special Issue provides several advanced methods and technologies for seismic data processing and interpretation, including the following: noise elimination, migration and inversion, passive seismic exploration, a theory for seismic wave propagation, and also Artificial Intelligence technology used in seismic data processing.
    Keywords: Geophysics；Seismic；Processing；Interpretation；Imaging ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Novel Applications of Optical Sensors and Machine Learning in Agricultural Monitoring (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural production management is facing a new era of intelligence and automation. With developments in sensor technologies, the temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution from ground/air/space platforms have been notably improved. Optical sensors play an essential role in agriculture production management. Specifically, monitoring plant health, growth conditions, and insect infestation has traditionally involved extensive fieldwork. We believe that sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are not simply scientific experiments but opportunities to make our agricultural production management more efficient and cost-effective, further contributing to the healthy development of natural–human systems. This reprint compiles the latest research on optical sensors and machine learning in agricultural monitoring, including related topics: Machine learning approaches for crop health, growth, and yield monitoring; Combined multisource/multi-sensor data to improve the crop parameters mapping; Crop-related growth models, artificial intelligence models, algorithms, and precision management; Farmland environmental monitoring and management; Ground, air, and space platforms application in precision agriculture; Development and application of field robotics; High-throughput field information survey; Phenological monitoring.
    Keywords: soil moisture content ; spectral processing technology ; hyperspectral ; principal component analysis ; feature parameters extraction ; yield estimation ; rice ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; tasseled cap transformation ; precision agriculture ; weed identification ; YOLOv4-Tiny ; attention mechanism ; multiscale detection ; angle normalization ; vegetation canopy reflectance ; geostationary satellite ; path length correction ; Minnaert model ; GOCI ; winter wheat ; LSTM ; LAI ; deep learning ; land use ; land cover ; classification ; random forest ; Sentinel data ; SRTM ; feature selection ; accuracy ; validation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; soybean ; convolutional neural network ; multispectral imagery ; fusarium head blight ; texture indices ; machine learning ; cropland ; multi-seasonal ; fractal feature ; feature extraction ; accuracy evaluation ; black soil ; UAV ; chlorophyll ; fractional vegetation cover ; maturity monitoring ; anomaly detection ; smart agriculture ; detection of apple leaf diseases ; YOLOv5 ; transformer ; CBAM ; crop type classification ; multi-temporal ; remote sensing ; dairy cows ; body condition score ; 3D TOF sensor ; non-contact evaluation ; recognize area of interest ; sugarcane clones ; canopy cover ; light interception ; biomass ; cane yield ; peanut southern blight ; reflection spectrum ; spectral index ; continuous wavelet transform ; VGNet ; corn diseases ; leaf detection ; lightweight ; transfer learning ; agriculture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Advances in Characterizing and Addressing Land Degradation and Associated Ecosystem Responses (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Land degradation, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization, poses significant threats to socio-economic development. There is an urgent need to explore land degradation and its associated ecosystem responses and the suitable pathways for sustainable development in urban and rural regions. This reprint comprises a collection of 16 articles, featuring 1 review article and 15 research articles. There are some key practical experiences and scientific findings to support the ecosystem change response to land degradation, through either theoretical works or empirical research, identifying the characteristics and solutions for sustainable development. Key scientific issues addressed include land use and land cover change, ecological impacts of urbanization, mechanisms of land degradation on ecosystems, and coordinated social, economic, and ecological development. This reprint encouraged scholars to share the latest advancements in the research framework, datasets, methods, and case studies for assessing land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. We expect this reprint will inspire broader reflection and discussion within academic community regarding the theories and practices concerning land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. It could be a valuable reference for exploring potential solutions towards achieving land degradation neutrality and promoting regional sustainable development.
    Keywords: ecological compensation ; ecosystem services ; opportunity cost ; ecological compensation priority ; land degradation ; dust emission ; wind erosion ; dust models ; dust cycle ; carbon cycle ; livestock carrying capacity risk ; planting and breeding balance ; northeast China ; farmland circulation ; differential circulation features ; driving mechanism ; plot level ; plains and mountainous areas ; Zhangye City ; ecological carrying capacity ; supply and demand ; priority areas ; agricultural ecological efficiency ; spatial-temporal evolution ; SBM model ; spatial Markov chain ; spatiotemporal changes ; driving factors ; agro-pastoral transitional zone ; management ; Bashang Plateau ; Populus simonii forest ; optimal plant cover ; leaf-area index ; Biome-BGC model ; urban resilience ; land use/cover change ; urbanization ; carbon neutrality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration ; surface thermal environment ; standard deviation ellipse ; Shijiazhuang ; wildfires ; natural protected areas ; decision support system ; scenario-based analysis ; soil salinity ; sodicity ; GIS ; RS ; leaching and gypsum requirement ; carbon and nitrogen pools ; soil quality ; carbon and nitrogen management index ; land use ; arid environment ; eco-compensation ; ecosystem service value ; PAHs pollution ; risk assessment ; industrial legacy sites ; vertical distribution ; land reuse ; drylands ; sediment connectivity ; degradation ; land use and land cover change (LULCC) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Nanostructured Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Batteries (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: I am grateful to all the authors who contributed to this Special Issue and the referees for reviewing the manuscripts. Finally, I give my thanks to Ms. Alisa Si and all the editorial staff of Nanomaterials for their support during the publication of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: Si ; MnO2 ; rGO ; sea urchin-like structure ; lithium-ion battery ; high performance ; silica-based anode ; Ketjen Black ; electrochemical properties ; pseudocapacitor ; carbon nanotube ; polyaniline ; fractional-order circuit model ; memory effect ; fractional derivative ; zinc-ion batteries ; conducting polymers ; zinc-ion diffusion ; metal–organic framework ; supercapacitors ; energy density ; specific capacitance ; stability ; self-powered ; wearable flexible sensor ; energy harvesting ; human motion monitoring ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; NiMoO4@MnCo2O4 ; microstructure ; electrochemical performance ; cycling stability ; semiconductor superlattice ; dielectric capacity ; energy storage ; first-principles calculation ; supercapacitor ; organic crosslinked polymer ; porous carbon ; electrochemistry ; α-Fe2O3@MnO2 ; electrode materials ; flexibility ; hydrogen generation ; porous titanium oxide cage ; PtNi nanoparticles ; sodium borohydride hydrolysis ; NaBH4 ; graphene oxide ; catalytic activity ; hydrolysis ; aqueous zinc ion battery ; transition metal chalcogenides ; layered structure ; cathode ; energy storage mechanism ; g-C3N4 ; perovskite solar cells ; additive ; surface modifier layer ; Li-rich cathode material ; voltage and capacity fade ; testing mode ; cobalt-containing nanomaterials ; morphological design ; bio-derived hard carbon ; Coulomb efficiency ; Na-ion batteries ; storage mechanism ; fibrous phosphorus ; lithium-Ion battery ; anode ; CuMn2O4 ; nanosheet arrays ; hydrothermal ; battery-type ; CoO@rGO ; graphene ; MOF ; flexible electrodes ; hollow structure ; ultrafast integration ; lithium-ion batteries ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; mechanical vibration ; durability ; platinum migration ; accelerated stress test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    Rural Land Use in China (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Land use is the projection of human activities in space, and it has become an important insight into the transformation and reconstruction of human society and economy. Rural land use in China is undergoing rapid transformation driven by the rapid development of science and technology. Effectively grasping the change and transformation process of rural land use and its internal mechanism provides an important reference for revealing the inherent laws of China's rural development. Rural land use is closely related to the rural vitalization strategy and urban–rural integration in the new era. An in-depth study of China's rural land use and policy reform provides the basis of knowledge for formulating and optimizing urban–rural relations. This Special Issue focuses on the changes, effects, and regulation of rural land use in China, focusing on its main contradictions and solutions, building a cooperative network and sharing platform for rural land use research from a multidisciplinary perspective, and further deepening the theoretical innovation and practical application of rural land use research. We invited scholars from various disciplines to contribute to the Special Issue, especially with papers on the subjects of theoretical innovation, technological innovation, and practical innovation in this field.
    Keywords: family farm ; efficiency ; DEA model ; Tobit model ; farm operation ; influencing factors ; soybean ; production pattern ; spatial agglomeration ; policy implications ; spatiotemporal changes ; crop planting structure ; black soil region ; Northeast China ; county-level ; geographic characteristics ; hollow village ; actor–network ; governance mode ; operation process ; appropriate tillage sand land ; land survey ; limiting factor ; land evaluation ; cultivated land protection ; Green Transition of Cultivated Land-use (GTCL) ; Water-Land-Food-Carbon (WLFC) ; coupling coordination ; land use change ; rural settlements ; spatial pattern evolution ; land policy ; China ; different modes ; land transfer ; livelihood capital ; difference-in-differences model ; Land Certificated Program (LCP) ; farmland “stickiness” ; land production function ; property rights ; agricultural policy ; cultivated land multifunctionality ; coupling coordination degree ; spatial-temporal pattern ; driving force ; major grain-producing areas ; northeast China ; comprehensive land consolidation ; pilot project ; decision-making evaluation ; farmers ; social investors ; non-agriculturalization rate ; ecological risk ; cultivated land change ; landform ; land management ; increasing versus decreasing balance (IVDB) ; balanced quota ; revenue ; inverted U-shaped curve ; Zhejiang province ; territorial space ; production–living–ecological space ; spatio-temporal variation ; eco-environment effect ; territorial spatial pattern ; eco-environmental quality ; soil contamination ; phytoremediation ; passivation ; farmer ; questionnaire survey ; paddy field ; dryland ; topographic gradient ; landscape characteristics ; land-use change ; rural settlement ; spatial distribution ; scale distribution ; morphological distribution ; the metropolitan fringe area ; Nanjing ; farmland transfer ; farmland function ; income structure ; rural household consumption ; consumption structure ; Yunnan Province ; farmers’ land transfer behavior ; herd effect ; geo-network ; the farmland right system reform ; creditor rights ; real rights ; agricultural modernization ; labor migration ; spatio-temporal evolution ; driving factor ; family structure ; heterogeneity ; area of land transfer ; rural–urban migration ; rural development ; land consolidation ; income distribution ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Cave Communities: From the Surface Border to the Deep Darkness (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: From a biological perspective, the subterranean realm is one of the less studied, but at the same time, one of the most promising, theatres for new findings and research. Compared to those on the surface, the ecological conditions occurring in subterranean habitats are relatively simple, and this may be an optimal scenario for understanding the mechanisms allowing the colonization, adaptation, and evolution of species, as well as their interactions within local communities. Diversity in subterranean habitats is often overlooked, and few studies embrace whole communities or try to assess functional relationships between species. This Special Issue reprint comprises papers covering a wide range of aspects related to the distribution, composition, and roles of subterranean communities occurring in different typologies of subterranean habitats.
    Keywords: cave biology ; subterranean habitats ; vertebrates ; invertebrates ; community dynamics ; biospeleology ; hypogean ; conservation ; biodiversity ; troglobite ; troglophile ; trogloxene ; extreme environment ; niche ; epikarst ; classification trees ; Copepoda ; random forests ; Diptera ; Limonia ; Limonia nubeculosa ; Neolimonia ; Trichoceridea ; cave community ; prey ; food resources ; occupancy ; abundance ; Astyanax ; Spelaeomysis ; Troglomexicanus ; Speocirolana ; Toro cave ; Sierra de El Abra ; troglomorphy ; stygobite ; fieldwork ; wild fish ; comparative biology ; behavior ; troglomorphism ; olfactory test ; infrared movies ; amino acids ; chondroitin ; plasticity ; cybernetics ; ecology ; cavefish ; dissolved oxygen ; cave evolution ; Astyanax mexicanus ; Ostracoda ; Yucatán Peninsula ; cenotes ; mitochondrial marker ; geometric morphometrics ; population ecology ; growth ; movements ; São Domingos karst area ; subterranean fishes ; evolution ; origin of troglobites ; Brazil ; subterranean biology ; environmental science ; biogeography ; distribution records ; groundwater ; underwater caves ; cenote ; mysid ; stygobiont ; bioindicator ; accidental cave visitors ; Arachnida ; Araneae ; arid ; levant ; Mediterranean ; species diversity ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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    Bioactive Gel Films and Coatings Applied in Active Food Packaging (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Recently, the trends of a circular economy and sustainability have driven nanotechnology towards the development of novel and innovative applications in the food packaging sector, which is rather recent compared with their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Bioactive films and coatings based on natural biopolymers such as chitosan, sodium alginate and gelatin and containing antioxidant and antimicrobial agents such as micro- and nanoemulsions of phytochemicals and nanostructured materials such as quantum dots, ZnO nanoparticles, nanoclays, silicas, zeolites and activated carbons, are finding application in various sectors of the food industry, especially in the development of novel edible, active packaging films and coatings. These bioactive films and coating materials enhance solubility, improve bioavailability, facilitate controlled release, and protect bioactive components during manufacture and storage. This Issue intends to provide an overview of bioactive gel films and coatings applied in active food packaging.
    Keywords: bioactive packaging ; xanthan ; propolis ; physicochemical properties ; microbiological analyses ; sensory evaluation ; biopolymers ; antimicrobial ; environment ; film ; coating ; active packaging ; soft cheese preservation ; sodium alginate ; thyme oil ; natural zeolite ; shelf-life extension ; anthocyanin ; fruit decay ; postharvest shelf life ; Aloe vera ; antioxidant ; fig ; purple-flesh sweet-potato ; chitosan ; gel coating ; preservation ; citrus ; cinnamon ; clove ; eucalyptus ; mint ; ginger ; chamomile ; halloysite ; polyvinyl alcohol ; gel ; active coatings ; nanostructures ; kiwi fruits ; green pea pods ; corn oil ; films ; hydrogel polymer ; acacia gum ; cinnamon essential oil ; edible hydrogel-based films ; food packaging ; edible films ; composite material ; essential oil ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Clinical Applications of Metronomic Chemotherapy (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Metronomic chemotherapy is now, finally, in clinical use. After 20 years of preclinical development and clinical trials, the emerging data will be of paramount importance in allowing us to assess the impact of metronomic chemotherapy on different tumor types. Indeed, it is likely that the next decade will see a major reassessment of the possible applications of metronomic chemotherapy, both alone and in combination with new therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapies, for the management of cancer. Moreover, the results of clinical trials will likely profoundly affect the direction of the laboratory efforts that are going on in parallel and aiming to improve the personalization of this therapeutic strategy. This Special Issue is our attempt to cover the past and present clinical results that have brought us to this pivotal moment and will form the basis of future clinical developments. Scientists and clinicians caring for cancer patients are well aware of the challenges in dealing with this particular therapeutic approach; one such challenge is obtaining improvements in patient survival without significant toxicity. This edition includes clinical research on chemotherapy and ongoing controversies related to metronomic chemotherapy.
    Keywords: metronomic ; oral cancer ; oral squamous cell carcinoma ; metronomic chemotherapy ; metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ; cyclophosphamide ; side effects ; pediatric tumors ; etoposide ; valproic acid ; prostate cancer ; CRPC ; castration ; capecitabine ; paclitaxel ; immunomodulation ; angiogenesis ; microbiome ; breast cancer ; safety ; preclinical studies ; clinical studies ; pharmacokinetic studies ; biomarkers ; chemo-free ; DLBCL ; diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma ; elderly ; frail ; comprehensive geriatric assessment ; chemo-endocrine therapy ; FulVEC ; pediatric oncology ; brain tumors ; pharmacology ; medulloblastoma ; ATRT ; immunotherapy ; lymphoma ; vinorelbine ; checkpoint inhibitors ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Method and Technology of Green Coal Mining (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The green mining of coal resources aims to realize the best economic and environmental benefits in the process of coal resource development, which is relevant to the sustainable development of the earth. Green mining technologies include the following: water-preserved mining for water resource protection; filling mining for the protection of the earth and buildings; simultaneous extraction of coal and gas for the realization of gas discharge; intelligent green mining to realize emission reduction; clean energy development in mining enterprises for the realization of resource transformation; and water and soil ecological restoration for the ecological protection of mining areas.
    Keywords: residual coal pillar ; gob-side entry driving ; extra-thick coal seam ; coal pillar size ; surrounding rock control ; directional long borehole ; long-distance ; heading face ; permeability evolution ; gas pressure evolution ; gas drainage ; pre-splitting blasting ; roof cutting technology ; hydraulic fracturing ; no-coal pillar mining ; thick hard roof ; pressure relief technology ; sandstone ; deformation behavior ; mining stress path ; coal ; solid propellant blasting ; borehole wall pressure ; damage fracture law ; experimental study ; main roadway group ; mining-induced stress ; surrounding rock stability ; ground control ; deflection of principal stress ; close-distance coal seams ; stopping space ; roof rocks ; stability ; asymmetric control ; deep mine ; coal roadway ; numerical simulation ; pressure relief ; external anchor–internal unloading ; surrounding rock control technology ; multi-seam mining ; gas emission of working face ; hydrocarbon isotope ; gas emission rate of adjacent coal seam ; mining fracture zone height ; fully mechanized top coal caving mining ; triangle-block structure ; beam structure ; cable truss ; support ; mining pressures ; gob-side coal roadway ; asymmetric floor heave ; failure mechanism ; cooperative control ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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    Sustainable Supply Chains in Industrial Engineering and Management (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The integration of information technologies with industry has marked the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution and promoted the development of industrial engineering. However, the depletion of resources and industrial waste caused by increasing amounts of industrial production pose a huge threat to nature. The application of sustainable supply chains in industrial engineering and management is one of the ways to balance the economy, society and environment. Therefore, it is a key concern for us to explore the construction of sustainable supply chains in industrial engineering and management. Moreover, to understand the impact of low-carbon, sustainable and recycled supply chains on industrial engineering, we need more in-depth investigations.This Special Issue aims to solicit original research and review articles discussing sustainable supply chain decision-making in industrial engineering and management to improve the sustainability of enterprise operations. Moreover, this Special Issue also shows mixed methods (e.g., modeling plus a case study) and rigorous quantitative/qualitative empirical studies of sustainable supply chains.
    Keywords: coordination degree model ; logistics industry ; digital economy ; industrial integration ; regional IEE system ; multimodel decision ; coupling coordination ; decision support methods ; online retailer ; consumer purchase behavior ; return strategy ; return insurance ; supply chain management ; real-time ; home delivery ; business modeling ; e-commerce ; time window ; lightweight ; carbon emissions ; low carbon benefits ; optimization design ; wheel hub ; subsidy policy ; remanufacturing industry ; donation strategy ; prisoner’s dilemma ; water-efficient products ; quality improvement ; DMAIC ; smart water closets ; carbon abatement ; cost sharing ; capital constraint ; environmental externality ; innovative products ; remanufacturing ; differential game ; bass model ; strategic emerging industries ; industrial structure ; employment effect ; artificial intelligence hardware ; data classification ; deep learning ; emission control ; industrial manufacturing ; bilateral matching decision making ; interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information ; bidirectional projection technology ; organizational quality-specific immunity ; automotive supply chain disruption ; supply chain resilience ; disruption risk ; bibliometric analysis ; co-citation analysis ; NGU ; self-attention ; CNN ; silver prediction ; data-driven ; composite systems ; synergy ; sustainability ; blockchain ; collection channel ; recycling strategies ; uncertain demand ; game theory ; federated learning ; intelligent manufacturing ; sustainable energy ; low-carbon strategy ; livestreaming marketing mode ; consumer low-carbon preference ; level of low-carbon promotion effort ; power structures ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
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    Damage Diagnosis and Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The states of bridge structures decline over time due to various degradation processes, such as creep, corrosion, and cyclic loading. During its life cycle, a bridge also faces the great threat of multiple hazards, such as winds, earthquakes, collisions, waves, landslides, and so on. Structural damages in an existing bridge affect operational and structural safety and weaken the sustainability of bridges. Therefore, advanced damage diagnosis techniques and safety assessment methods are strongly required to ensure structural safety and achieve infrastructure sustainability. This Special Issue aims to bring together recent scientific developments in probabilistic hazard analysis, structural exposure models, damage diagnosis methods, testing and measurement techniques, dynamic behavior and protection technology, damage mechanisms, risk assessment framework, and resilience-based approaches. Since we have past one year since this Special Issue opened, thirteen papers have been published, the majority of which focus on the structural safety assessment of bridges under wind, earthquake, collision, wave, etc. The Guest Editors believe that this reprint will provide important theoretical and technical support for bridge damage diagnosis and safety assessment and promote communication and cooperation between design, construction, research, teaching, and production.
    Keywords: self-consolidating concrete ; micro-steel fiber ; high admixture ; mechanical performance ; grid pile foundation ; ABAQUS ; load-bearing performance ; Monte Carlo method ; safety assessment ; sea-crossing bridges ; triangle elevation ; leveling method ; dynamic compensation ; total station ; harsh environment ; long distance ; sea-crossing elevation ; combined survey platform ; numerical simulation ; strong wave and deep-water conditions ; wave-current load ; working performance ; arch bridge ; ultimate span length ; theoretical analysis ; high-performance material ; strength ; stability ; bridge ; near-fault earthquake ; vertical separation ; eccentric impact ; failure mode ; pounding ; prefabricated frame bridge ; seismic behaviors ; small and medium bridge ; seismic responses ; stopper damage ; numerical method ; conformal mapping ; closed box girder ; sliding searching method ; flutter performance ; aerodynamic forces ; streamlined box girder ; coupled vibration ; potential flow ; second-order component ; bridge engineering ; temperature gradient ; parameter sensitivity ; steel slag ; concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) ; T-joint ; seismic performance ; concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) ; laced piers ; modeling method ; design optimization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Magnetic and Spin Devices, Volume II (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on topics related to spintronic devices, such as spin-based magnetoresistive memories, multiferroic interconnects and sensors, microfluidic solenoid valves, and magnetoelectric antennas with broad practical applications.
    Keywords: optimization design ; magnetic isolation ring ; dynamic response characteristics ; simulation ; transition jitter ; heat-assisted magnetic recording ; magnetic footprints ; antenna miniaturization ; ME antenna ; mason equivalent circuit model ; finite element simulation ; high gain ; electrodeposition ; permalloy ; magnetoresistance ; MOKE ; AMR ; FMR ; planar hall effect ; gradiometer ; magnetic sensor ; synthetic multiferroic ; interconnects ; magnetic logic devices ; spintronics ; spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJ) ; Ising annealing system ; combinatorial optimization problem ; magnetostriction ; magneto-deformation ; magnetoactive elastomer ; normal force ; hysteresis ; magnetorheological elastomer ; finite element method ; micromagnetics ; spin and charge drift-diffusion ; MRAM ; SOT-MRAM ; temperature scaling ; temperature effects ; incubation time ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
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    Promising Research and Strategies in Wastewater Treatment, Sludge Management and Valorization (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Rapid urbanization and industrialization, in addition to the presence of new pollutants, make it necessary to search for new wastewater treatment technologies to achieve future water quality requirements. Additionally, waste reduction and the reuse of treated wastewater seem to be excellent options to realize the concept of a circular economy. This Reprint compiles the latest research on relevant wastewater treatment concerns, including the occurrence of emerging contaminants and their removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), novel technologies for wastewater and sludge treatment, sludge valorization, the transformation of agricultural residues into materials for wastewater treatment, biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds, etc.
    Keywords: wastewater treatment ; emerging pollutants ; agricultural waste valorization ; biodegradation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Motion Control and Path Planning of Marine Vehicles (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: With the continuous improvement of artificial intelligence and sensing technologies, the marine field is ushering in unprecedented change. In this wave of change, the design and application of marine transportation have become significant tools for promoting the marine economy and environmental protection. Motion control and path planning have become key technologies to ensure that marine transportation vehicles operate efficiently and intelligently in complex marine environments. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on motion control and path planning for marine vehicles and explores how autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), surface unmanned vehicles (USVs), and deep-sea landers (DSLVs) can play a key role in the oceans through optimization strategies and new approaches. We will delve into the application of intelligent and autonomous motion control systems on marine vehicles, and the innovation and optimization of path-planning techniques. In this Special Issue, we brought together the latest results from experts and researchers, aiming to share their cutting-edge research in motion control and path planning for marine vehicles. We expect that the presentation of these papers will provide new ideas and solutions to promote marine science and technology development and application. Finally, we would like to convey our most profound gratitude to the staff of MDPI Books and the editorial team of Marine Science and Engineering, in particular the assistant editors, talented authors, and diligent reviewers.
    Keywords: motion control ; path planning ; ship motion ; marine vehicle ; unmanned ocean vehicles ; autonomouslearning and AI ; cooperation and coordination ; unmanned marine vehicle swarm ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Quality Evaluation of Bee Products (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Bee products, such as honey, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, propolis, and bee-related insect foods, are widely consumed as natural/functional foods or supplements, owing to their nutritional/bioactive characteristics, which are beneficial to human health. However, the bee products currently on the market vary in quality, leading to serious concerns among consumers. Various factors influence the quality of bee products, such as the standardization of bee breeding and product production, environmental and climatic conditions, artificial blending, and the residues of hazardous substances. In order to improve the quality of bee products and promote the healthy development of the bee product industry, it is vital to strengthen the quality evaluation system of bee products based on their physicochemical and biological characteristics, such as the distribution of different nutrients, the residue detection of hazardous substances, the characterization of botanical or geographical markers, the identification of genomic characteristics, and the determination of biological/functional activities. We invited submissions to this topic on the “Quality Evaluation of Bee Products”.
    Keywords: bee products ; quality evaluation ; distribution of nutrients ; residues of hazardous substances ; botanical or geographical markers ; genomic characteristics ; biological/functional activities ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    Computational Mechanics of Structures and Materials (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The vast number of recently published research papers on computational and numerical methods for solving various structural problems proves that this topic has great potential, and the further advancements that can be accomplished are still numerous.This reprint contains innovative investigations dealing with accurate, reliable, and effective numerical approaches in the field of both structural mechanics and the mechanics of materials.In particular, these studies present a numerical analysis focused on the development of finite-element or finite-element-based methods for novel problems, as well as different computational techniques involving the solution of those problems that require the development of numerical methods to obtain approximate but accurate solutions.In any circumstance, the contributing authors have emphasized the novelty of their approaches, highlighting the improvements with respect to the existing literature. Much attention has also been dedicated to the numerical investigations of advanced and innovative materials, as well as multiscale analyses, employed in many engineering fields, such as civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering.
    Keywords: Computational mechanics ; Numerical methods ; Advanced and innovative constituents ; Solids mechanics ; Structural analyses ; FE and FE-based methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    Mine Hazards Identification, Prevention and Control (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In human social development, the consumption of fossil energy, especially coal, has promoted economic prosperity, cultural exchanges, and social progress. With shallow coal resources exhausted, coal mining engineering has entered deep areas. The coal geology environment of the deep area differs from that of the shallow. With mining depth increasing, all the stress of buried rock stratum and surrounding rock and gas pressure of coal seam increase gradually. In addition, geological structures, such as complex faults, big folds, and thick-hard roofs, will increase the risk of coal mining. Once the dynamic disaster occurs, it will induce miner casualties and property losses. So, it is urgent to identify mine hazards, such as coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, gas explosions, and coal fires, and research their formation mechanism, occurrence, and development process. Furthermore, prevention and control methods should be proposed to reduce mine disasters. Only in this way can we promote the safe, green, and efficient development of coal mining. This Topical Collection, titled “Mine Hazards Identification, Prevention, and Control,” aims to allow global researchers to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on such advances to improve the prevention and control level of disasters encountered during underground coal mining. The discussion topics include, but are not limited to, the basic experiments, modeling, numerical simulation, and field tests of aforementioned disasters.
    Keywords: mine hazards ; coal/rock disasters ; coal and gas outburst ; monitoring and early warning ; prevention and control ; identification method ; gas explosions ; coal fires ; composite dynamic disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Application of Innovative Power Electronic Technologies (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This topic reprint "Application of Innovative Power Electronic Technologies" encompasses a diverse range of topics and discoveries that addresses the increasing global demand for energy conversion in the context of sustainable energy, electric vehicles, industrial automation, and smart grids. This reprint brought together a selection of papers that delve into new technologies and practical applications of power electronics, offering insights into the challenges and solutions faced in the design and implementation of advanced energy conversion techniques.
    Keywords: power electronics ; energy conversion ; innovative technologies ; smart grid applications ; electric vehicle integration ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Images of Nature—From the Middle Ages to (Non-)Western Modernities (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Natura is a polysemic Latin word that has accompanied the historical development of the West for centuries, spreading around much of the globe with colonialism and imperialism. It has been adopted in numerous languages. Our relationship with nature has become a highly charged issue at least since the "ecological turn" around 1970. It is as much about the relationship of humans to the environment as it is about the relationship of humans to each other. In the course of these debates, research has intensified in various disciplines: history, anthropology, philosophy, literature, ecology, etc. The nine contributions gathered in this volume deal with the dimension of perception and its long-term development from the Middle Ages to the present time. They trace in detail how images of nature were adopted, modified, and transmitted for specific purposes in specific situations. The introduction to the volume provides an overview and brings the contributions together.
    Keywords: nature ; culture ; science ; religion ; European history ; scholasticism ; image of man ; Thomism ; medieval medicine ; anthropology ; Magnus Hundt ; human body ; Japan ; history of ideas ; environment ; pollution ; ecology ; physico-theology ; nature as a huge organism ; Alfred North Whitehead ; philosophy of nature ; philosophy of subjectivity ; metaphysics ; Donna J. Haraway ; anarchism ; naturalism ; Fin de Siècle ; pedagogy ; historical anthropology ; history of biology ; symmetrical history ; medieval breeding ; race ; ancestry ; Aristotelianism ; Albertus Magnus ; practical knowledge ; natural philosophy ; seventeenth century ; atomism ; corpuscles ; Humboldtian science ; barbarism ; savage ; civilization ; indigenous knowledge ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    Mental Health and Nursing Care of Individuals with Cancer and Their Families (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This collection of articles provides insight into the mental health and nursing care of individuals who are confronting a life-threatening illness. As individuals face a cancer diagnosis, there will be many challenges and changes in their lives. Emotional distress can emerge to greater and lesser degrees. Frequently, these individuals will require additional assistance to cope with the emotional distress they experience. Nurses have an important role in assessing this emotional distress and providing relevant interventions.
    Keywords: Latinx ; family ; meaning ; communication ; coping with advanced cancer ; delirium ; liaison nurse ; misrecognition of delirium ; coordination ; breast cancer ; psychological distress ; quality of life ; women’s health ; qualitative study ; cancer care ; older adults ; mental health ; feeling safe ; home-dwelling ; patients with terminal cancer ; caregivers ; competency in anticipatory grief counseling ; emotional care ; person-centered care ; qualitative research ; anxiety ; depression ; family involvement ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; palliative care ; cancer ; decision-making ; nurse ; caregiving self-efficacy ; family caregiver ; oral cancer ; oncology ; nursing ; clinical nurse specialists ; cancer patients ; expanding nurses’ authority ; professionalization ; policy ; education ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Current Perspectives on the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Part I (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Obstructive sleep apnea is a highly prevalent disorder with strong associations with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, metabolic, and cognitive consequences, including drowsy driving. Positive Airway Pressure treatment is the first-line therapy for adults with obstructive sleep apnea who are symptomatic. However, many individuals with comorbidities do not report symptoms that are associated with the disorder, and adherence to treatment is poor, especially in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. This reprint contains reviews and original articles that aim to update the current perspectives on the treatment modalities of obstructive sleep apnea to highlight multidisciplinary approaches, personalized treatment strategies, and the identification of the predictors of a patient’s response to treatment, both in the general population and in clinical cohorts.
    Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ; continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ; mandibular advancement devices ; upper airway surgery ; drowsy driving ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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    70th Year Anniversary of Carbon Nanotube Discovery—Focus on Real World Solutions (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue reprint highlights seventy years since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1952 by Russian scientists LV Radushkevich and VM Lukyanovich in what was then the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR. It also reflects the popularization by the well-known Japanese scientist S Iijima, since 1991, of carbon nanostructures, including CNTs, towards nanotechnology as a forever impactful and inspiring field. For researchers, academics, and teachers of all levels, from novice to expert to guru, the articles contained within this Special Issue are themed around sustainability from nanotechnology, pertaining to diameter measurement, rotor system molecular simulation, ultra-high tensile strength, energy, filtration via membrane distillation, environmental remediation using adsorption, ionic liquids as curing agents, biosensors and bioinspired sensors, and electrical/mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The CNT is a legacy 1D nanomaterial, only after which was 2D graphene able to emerge. This is a global and mixed-country authorship Special Issue, with this reprint containing articles from Canada, Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Spain, India, Japan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the USA, Germany, Turkiye, and Malaysia. The Guest Editor is from Singapore and began publishing critical work on the CNT-polymer interface towards the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite up to 20 years ago.
    Keywords: CNTs ; MWCNTs ; SWCNTs ; polymer composite ; mechanical performance ; flexible capacitive sensors ; bioinspired spinosum ; CNT/PDMS nanocomposite ; tires ; transmission system ; carbon nanotube (CNT) ; hydroxyl groups ; response speed ; energy dissipation ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nanotube fibers ; tensile strength ; defect control ; controlled preparation ; dielectric polymer composites ; permittivity ; polymer nanocomposite ; electrical conductivity ; mixing ; polymer blends ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; carbon nanotube ; filler migration ; polyethylene ; lead ; arsenic ; adsorption ; poly(amidoamine) ; silver nanoparticles ; biosensor ; virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; toxicity ; biocompatibility ; electrospinning ; electrospraying ; nanomaterials ; nanostructured membrane ; nanocomposites ; seawater desalination ; temperature polarization ; flux ; solar energy ; dye degradation ; surface plasmon resonance effect ; TiO2/rGO/Ag ; hybrid nanostructures ; phosphorus ; encapsulation ; lithium-ion batteries ; atomic force microscopy ; diameter ; nanometrology ; epoxy resin ; ionic liquid ; nanocomposite ; curing agent ; dispersing agent ; mechanical properties ; lap shear ; conductivity ; melt-mixing ; polymer composites ; SWCNT ; PMMA ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    New Frontiers in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biologics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has emerged as a useful tool for optimizing biological treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Reactive TDM has rationalized the management of primary non-response and secondary loss of response to biologics, while cumulative evidence suggests that proactive TDM is efficacious for optimizing anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with IBD. Proactive TDM can be very useful for optimizing biological therapy in specific IBD populations, such as pregnant women as well as patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease and acute severe ulcerative colitis who are characterized by high drug clearance. Preliminary data suggest that proactive TDM may also have a role in de-escalating anti-TNF therapy in patients in clinical remission including stopping the immunomodulator when combined with anti-TNF therapy. However, several knowledge gaps and limitations hinder the wide implementation of TDM in clinical practice, including the optimal drug concentration to target the lag time between sampling and results and the lack of harmonization of TDM assays. Recent advances regarding the role of TDM include the use of rapid point-of-care assays and the incorporation of model-informed precision dosing. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the clinical utility of TDM and discuss the barriers and recent advances of TDM of biologics in IBD and other IMID.
    Keywords: ulcerative colitis ; Crohn&rsquo ; s disease ; inflammatory bowel disease ; infliximab ; adalimumab ; certolizumab pegol ; golimumab ; vedolizumab ; ustekinumab ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; immunogenicity ; rheumatoid arthritis ; ankylosing spondylitis ; psoriasis ; clearance ; model informed precision dosing ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES 2022) (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Implementing sustainable development is central to achieving global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating anthropogenic environmental impacts. As defined by the UN 2030 Agenda and its associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), sustainable development requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, which is not without its challenges. Indeed, studies tracking global progress toward meeting the 2030 SDG targets emphasize the importance of implementing sustainable solutions, with several SDG targets described as 'off track.' Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of an interdisciplinary, unified, and practical approach to sustainable implementation. In this context, this Reprint brings together 15 selected papers presented during the 2022 SDEWES Conference. These papers cover a broad range of topics, from circular governance models to education related to sustainable practices, as well as the impacts of current legislative frameworks targeting energy efficiency, built environment energy performance, bio-based industrial applications, transport and sustainable energy services, and production, supply, and infrastructure maintenance strategies. This Reprint provides an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective on sustainable development solutions, with several papers highlighting the interrelations between various fields and aspects of sustainability.
    Keywords: combined heat and power ; hospitality ; feasibility ; sensitivity analysis ; simple payback ; energy performance certificate ; CO2 ; multi-apartment buildings ; heating ; energy consumption ; cooling ; performance-based retrofit ; decision support ; building performance simulation ; parametric analysis ; multiple-criteria decision analysis ; residential buildings ; in-line inspection ; smart pig ; sensor ; oil ; natural gas ; pipeline ; environment ; biorefinery ; organosolv ; lignin ; pre-treatment ; higher education ; competencies development ; STEM education ; sustainability ; colloidal particles ; Pickering emulsion ; rheological behaviour ; ESCO business models ; aggregator business models ; energy services for buildings ; energy performance contract ; Pay-for-Performance contract ; energy efficiency in buildings ; demand response ; demand side flexibility ; residential sector ; governance ; circular economy ; circular territories ; index ; circularity ; thermal transmittance ; thermal resistance ; finite element method ; heat flux sensor ; in situ monitoring ; concrete masonry unit ; hydrogen ; water ; wastewater ; electrolysis ; water scarcity ; wastewater treatment plants ; desalination ; Jordan ; system dynamics ; thermal comfort ; Minha Casa Minha Vida ; natural ventilation ; bioclimatic architecture ; social housing ; energy poverty ; battery electric vehicles ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; hybrid electric vehicles ; CO2 emissions ; Hofstede ; advertising ; sustainability integration ; Middle East ; supply chain management ; responsible logistics ; education for SDGs ; natural gas pipelines ; nondestructive testing (NDT) ; in-line inspection robot ; wireless communication ; antenna ; circular waveguide ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Toxoplasmosis (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Scientific motivation to publish this book comes from the increased interest in the study of toxoplasmosis, showed all over the world. Though the Toxoplasma gondii infection was first discovered in 1908, toxoplasmosis remains a today's research topic, a realm of questions and dilemmas that interest both the veterinarians and the human doctors. Studies in the field are directed to the epidemiology of the disease, the sources of infection, epidemiological chains, being underlined the important feature in the transmission of this parasite: the ability to pass from one intermediate host to another intermediate host without passing through the final host - felids. An increased prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals, as well as the difficulty of coproscopic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cats, expensive serological examinations in both animals and humans, lack of diagnostic methods accessible to veterinarians in slaughterhouses, cultural and culinary differences of human patients, which can influence the prevalence of the disease, motivate the scientific and practical importance of the proposed book and reveal the importance of this topic for animal and human health. So, the proposed book will contain informations regarding the etiology and history of Toxoplasma gondii infection and also the parasite's morphology and biology. This work will contain a very detailed epidemiology of the toxoplasmosis from all over the world and for all species of animals. This chapter will include also personal findings of the authors about the Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in domestic animals from Romania. In the last part of the book we will present the main methods for toxoplasma diagnosis. At the end of the book we will synthesize the main routes for T. gondii infection and the recommendations for reducing toxoplasmosis seroprevalence.
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; animals; humans; seroprevalence; prevention; control ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Advances in Renewable Energy and Energy Storage (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The global transition toward a renewable energy-centric energy matrix represents a focal point of interest for the international community in the pursuit of mitigating environmental pollution and combating climate change. This reprint advocates for the proposition of technologically advanced solutions, emphasizing heightened efficiency, superior energy integration, and cost-effectiveness. Such advancements are poised to accelerate the widespread adoption of renewable energies, thereby propelling collective endeavors towards sustainable development. Within the intricate framework of energy systems, energy storage stands as a cornerstone, providing indispensable attributes such as continuity, stability, and security of service. The seamless integration of energy storage systems into renewable energy technologies emerges as a pivotal imperative. This strategic integration addresses the challenge of intermittency, ensuring prolonged utilization of renewable sources and contributing significantly to the decarbonization of both centralized and distributed electrification systems. This reprint amalgamates pioneering research, offering a scholarly foundation that will propel the sustainable development of energy storage integration. Positioned as a valuable resource, it informs decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, steering them towards a more resilient and environmentally conscious energy landscape.
    Keywords: photovoltaic and thermal solar energy ; wind energy ; artificial intelligence applied to clean energy systems ; microgrids ; energy storage in batteries: lead&ndash ; acid, lithium-ion, nickel&ndash ; cadmium, flow batteries, others ; control of electrical systems ; renewable energies ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture and Ecosystem Services (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue includes 14 papers by authors from Italy, USA, Egypt, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, Czech Republic, China, Lithuania, the Netherlands, and Greece, dealing with several topics. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon is useful for improving crop productivity and assessing the effect of agronomic management on crops and soil. Two interpolation methods and remotely sensed images were used in two papers. Other papers dealed with the use of zeolite-rich tuff in olive growing to reduce mineral fertilization, tested the effectiveness of green manure crops in providing nutrients and supplementing traditional fertilizers, and proposed composted sewage sludge as a source of micronutrients for crops. Since soil-borne diseases worsen the fertility, other authors studied the bacteria in the rhizosphere of saffron. Mapping and modeling soil suitability and capability under intensive land use in drylands with multivariate analysis was the topic of another paper, as was the evaluation of forest patches for preserving water regulation in tropical landscapes. Other findings regard agricultural conservation practices that reinforced the small water cycle and the comparison of deep-rooted vegetal covers for stabilizing slopes or repairing shallow landslides. Moreover, industrial solid waste can be a liming material to reduce soil acidification, increase crop productivity or amend soil; low-peat mixtures are able to provide C sequestration, climate regulation, and functional diversity services, while low-intensity management of high mountains can preserve seed-rich habitats for farmland avifauna.
    Keywords: soil management ; soil ecosystem services ; agricultural land ; agricultural ecosystem ; agricultural conservation practices ; soil chemical properties ; soil organic matter ; SOC spatial distribution ; small water cycle ; biodiversity ; functional microbial diversity ; urban soil ; remote sensing ; regression kriging (RK) ; multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Novel Approaches for Targeting Metalloproteinases (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue is a collection of eleven articles (five reviews and six studies) that describe a wide range of approaches to modulating metalloproteinase activity in disease. The techniques described are in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo.
    Keywords: carbohydrates ; glycoconjugates ; MMPs ; ADAMs ; iminosugars ; metzincin inhibitors ; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), protease ; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), exosite ; small molecule inhibitors ; monoclonal antibodies ; proteomics ; N-terminomics ; terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS) ; MMP-2 ; MMP-9 ; Alzheimer’s disease ; AD ; neurodegeneration ; neuroinflammation ; natural compounds ; marine compounds ; terrestrial compounds ; nutraceuticals ; Matrix Metalloproteinase inhibitors ; bone targeting ; bisphosphonates ; antitumor agents ; skeletal malignancies ; osteoarthritis ; cartilage ; metalloproteinase ; targeting ; meprin α ; meprin β ; zinc metalloproteinase ; medicinal chemistry ; probe development ; uHTS ; dipeptidyl peptidase III ; coumarin derivatives ; inhibitor ; molecular modeling ; β-blockers ; carvedilol ; matrix metalloproteinase-2 ; ischemia-reperfusion injury ; isolated heart perfusion ; kidney ; obeticholic acid ; ischemia/reperfusion ; liver ; metalloproteinases ; MMP-2 inhibitor ; cardiac dysfunction ; ischemia ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Natural Gas Hydrate and Deep-Water Hydrocarbon Exploration (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint is a comprehensive compilation of both new discoveries and methods related to nature hydrate and deep-water hydrocarbon. This reprint contains the advanced methods used in natural gas hydrate and deep-water hydrocarbon exploration. Its scope ranges from the East China Sea to the South China Sea and the Southeastern India Ocean. The reprint particularly focuses on the many innovative technical developments that have emerged in this field, and explores the various ways we may achieve renewable energy integration. The reprint provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the challenges and opportunities associated with natural gas hydrate and deep-water hydrocarbon exploration.
    Keywords: natural gas hydrate ; deep-water hydrocarbon ; geochemical characteristics ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    Acoustic Sensors and Their Applications (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Acoustic sensors have been utilized commercially for more than 60 years. Acoustic sensing technologies have been studied extensively and the information, transmission, reception, transformation, processing, and application of acoustic signals have been developed, with acoustic sensors as the central focus. An acoustic sensor is a device that converts a sound wave signal into an electrical signal. This Special Issue on Acoustic Sensors and Their Applications presents original research covering recent advances in all aspects of the design, development, testing, and application of acoustic sensors.
    Keywords: Acoustic&nbsp ; emission ; piezoelectric&nbsp ; transducer ; hybrid acoustic model ; &nbsp ; structural health monitoring ; non-destructive testing ; computational paralinguistics ; pencil lead break test ; leak detection ; optical microphone ; speaker recognition ; thickness measurement ; sound navigation and ranging ; noise control ; infinity tube ; ultrasonic measurement ; air-coupled ultrasound ; ATP system in air ; optical ultrasound detection. ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Solving the Puzzle: Molecular Research in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic idiopathic relapsing and remitting gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders of complex etiology, posing clinical challenges due to their often therapy-refractory nature. The primary disorders within the IBD classification are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), sharing similarities but exhibiting distinct differences, sometimes making their discrimination challenging.A prominent feature of IBD is the inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, characterized by the robust and persistent infiltration of immune cells and compromised intestinal barrier integrity, leading to a phenomenon known as “leaky gut.” Inflammation can manifest acutely or chronically, known as relapsing, and can increase in severity over time, thereby causing life-long morbidities and reduced quality of life for affected individuals, underscoring the need for a deeper comprehension of the molecular contributors to disease pathogenesis and progression.
    Keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases ; cell autofluorescence ; immune cells ; NADH ; FAD ; flow cytometry ; multiphoton microscopy ; colitis ; colitis-associated cancer ; inflammatory bowel disease ; colorectal cancer ; colon adenocarcinoma ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn’s disease ; cDNA microarray ; transciptomics analysis ; microarray ; inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) ; vasculature ; angiogenesis ; gut vascular barrier ; vessel permeability ; epithelial barrier ; homeostasis ; acetylcholine ; muscarinic receptor ; non-neuronal acetylcholine ; mucosal wound healing ; ferroptosis ; leaky gut ; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ; triple-culture ; Caco-2 ; HT29-MTX-E12 ; THP-1 ; monocyte-derived macrophage ; inflammation ; TEER ; FITC-dextran 4 kDa (FD4) ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; HIF-1α ; PHD2 ; AKT ; intestinal epithelial cells ; probiotics ; LPS ; antigen-specific T-cells ; celiac disease ; gliadin ; IBD ; food antigens ; intestinal Behcet’s disease ; immune mechanism ; biological agents ; claudin ; tight junctions ; barrier function ; gut ; ZO-1 ; actin ; cell migration ; cell division ; colon cancer ; PMNs ; LDs ; FOXO3 ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Wine Aromas (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Wine has a complex matrix with many volatile compounds present, which evolves over time. These volatile compounds are important to wine quality as they contribute to the aroma and varietal characteristics of wine. Recent development in the analysis of volatile compounds in wine has greatly improved our understanding of the complexity of wine aroma. Analytical methods used for wine aroma fingerprinting have shown potential in determining the origin and quality of wine. Thus, research on volatile compounds responsible for wine aroma and their correlation with wine provenance and wine quality have increasingly attracted great interest from researchers and winegrowers. This Special Issue presents the latest research regarding wine aroma compounds, including, but not limited to, the topics on the characterization of aroma compounds in grapes and wine, factors influencing the production of aroma compounds in wine during fermentation and maturation, and analytical methods for wine aroma analysis.
    Keywords: marselan wine ; aroma compounds ; indigenous yeast strains ; Saccharomyces ; non-Saccharomyces ; icewine ; Vidal ; yeast ; sensory analysis ; amino acid ; fruity ester ; wine aroma ; nitrogen management ; Pearson correlation analysis ; carbon metabolism ; Vitis davidii Foёx ; spend coffee grounds ; fermentation ; sensory property ; volatile profile ; yeast protein hydrolysate ; nitrogen supplementation ; volatile compounds ; wine higher alcohols ; wine esters ; monoterpenes ; triangle test ; check-all-that-apply ; correspondence analysis ; Cochran’s Q-test ; nutrients ; central composite design ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; wine ; strain effect ; aromas ; non-Saccharomyces yeasts ; ethanol tolerance ; ultraviolet irradiation ; diethyl sulfate mutagenesis ; vineyard mechanization ; phenolics ; sensory properties ; anthocyanins ; bentonite ; cold soaking ; colour ; pathogenesis-related proteins ; Pinot noir ; tannin ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; glutathione-enriched inactivated dry yeasts ; methoxypyrazines ; oxidation ; Sauvignon Blanc ; thiols ; aroma profile ; grape pomace ; model juice ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Improving Fertilizer Use Efficiency–Methods and Strategies for the Future (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The term fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) is not new. However, in recent years, improving the FUE has become particularly significant. This is due to growing demographic pressure, limited natural resources, climate change, and challenges related to environmental protection. This Special Issue of Plants contains papers that describe the current status of the knowledge and outlook of FUE improvement. The two review articles included provide an opportunity to become acquainted with the factors influencing FUE and contemporary trends in the development of fertilization strategies and technologies aimed at maximizing the value of this indicator. Of note, the concept of effective fertilization is presented and defined as the soil fertility clock (SFC). The 19 original articles included in this reprint present the results of research on the following: optimal N dose determination, balanced N fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), foliar fertilization, improving the effectiveness of phosphorus use, and the possibility of improving FUE through the application of innovative fertilizers. Thanks to all the articles, this Special Issue enriches our knowledge in terms of the assessment methods of FUE in plant production. Moreover, it indicates new possibilities, perspectives, and directions for the development of scientific research within this field in the coming future.
    Keywords: Soil acidity and nutrient uptake ; Critical stages of nutrient requirement by crop plants ; Effect of nutrients on yield component formation ; Nutrient balance ; Macronutrient impact on crop growth rate and physiological determinants of yielding ; Nutrients and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses ; Nitrogen use effectivity ; Urease and nitrification inhibitors ; Crop plant quality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ni-Co Laterite Deposits (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ni-Co Laterite Deposits”, presents an updated overview of Ni-Co laterites as sources of Ni and Co but also of other metals of interest, such as Sc, PGE or REE. This collection is composed by researchers from different fields. The Special Issue starts with two general descriptions of previously unknown laterite deposits, a clay-type Ni-laterite deposit from Cuba and a magnesium silicate Ni-laterite deposit from the Philippines. It follows with four papers focusing on the occurrence of Co, Sc and other critical metals located in current tropical environments (the Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Brazil) as well as non-tropical environments (the Balkan peninsula, Spain and Chile). The three following papers deal with novel techniques or methodologies to improve the characterization of the Ni-laterite profiles, involving the use Al as a Sc proxy, water correction of in situ portable XRF analyses, and the study of hyperspectral data using quadrant scan. The next paper focuses on the silicification commonly observed, yet understudied, in some Ni-laterite profiles using oxygen and silicon isotopes. And finally, the last contribution examines the presence of unusual minerals (diamond, SiC) in Ni-laterite breccias.
    Keywords: Fe–Ni–Co laterites ; critical metals ; REE ; PGE ; Cr(VI) contamination ; spectral data ; mineralogical data ; lithological boundaries ; nickel laterite ; New Caledonia ; quadrant scan ; Ni-laterites ; mineralogy ; breccia ; uranium ; SiC ; combined analyses ; Raman ; nickel laterites ; lateritization ; serpentinization ; weathering ; goethite ageing ; pXRF ; mine ; nickel ; iron ; water content ; dilution law ; Beer-Lambert law ; saturation ; scandium ; laterite ; Ni-laterite ; sequential extraction ; cobalt ; manganese ; lithiophorite ; asbolane ; Ni-Co laterite ; Piauí ; metal cycling ; cobalt speciation ; biogeochemistry ; redox cycling ; silcrete ; pseudo-karst ; oxygen and silicon isotopes ; Sc ; Co ; Ni-rich serpentinite ; Mn-oxyhydroxides ; smectite ; serpentine ; clay-type ; Cuba ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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    Implementing the 3Rs in Laboratory Animal Research—From Theory to Practice (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on the latest advances in the field of the 3Rs, as applied to laboratory animals. The continuous progress in the application of the 3Rs will allow for us to achieve a more humane and equally competitive science, improving animal welfare.
    Keywords: replacement, reduction, refinement, disease models, human-animal interaction, translation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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    Microfluidic Bio-Sensors and Their Applications (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint will help young readers discover systematic research and reviews of the various topics in the field of microfluidic-based biosensing. This reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding the use of microfluidic technology in biosensing and its applications in point-of-care system development.
    Keywords: Microfluidic Chip ; integrated sensing ; Diagnostic ; Point-of-care. ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    Vegetable and Fruit Production (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: To ensure global food and nutrition security, there is a need for a sustainable year-round supply of nutritious food systems such as fruits and vegetables. Over the years, there has been a surge in fruit and vegetable consumption due to their composition of health-promoting biomarkers such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, and bioactive polyphenols. However, producing fruits and vegetables with the valuable contents of these health-promoting biomarkers is dependent on various factors, such as growing degree days, genetic pool, and management practices. Thereby, the goal of this Special Issue (Fruits and Vegetables Production) of the MDPI journal Plants was to provide up-to-date knowledge on traditional and emerging novel technologies applicable in sustainable production of high-value fruits and vegetables at various stages of their field and greenhouse production chains. In summary, this reprint is produced from the Special Issue that reported 12 peer-reviewed manuscripts, with foci on: (1) crop response to different elicitors and (2) green non-destructive technologies for efficient profiling of biomarkers, quality parameters, and cultivar evaluation. Thus, this reprint bridges the gaps among stakeholders (i.e., researchers, policymakers, and industry) for efficient production of consumer-centric crops with high productivity, appreciable nutritional value, and post-harvest resilience.
    Keywords: antioxidant ; Brassica oleracea ; chlorophyll index ; membrane injury ; stomatal conductance ; water deficit ; water use efficiency ; rhizobacteria ; PGPR ; nutraceutical quality ; Solanum lycopersicum ; biostimulant ; pyroligneous acid ; vegetable production ; post-harvest ; Capsicum annuum L. ; maturation ; nutritional quality ; seed chemical composition ; β-carotene Cucumis melo ; flavonoids ; mineral element ; vitamin C ; fruit quality ; quality prediction ; plant phenotyping ; orchard management ; grape ; histamine ; putrescine ; agmatine ; dopamine ; spermine ; organic amendment ; plant metabolites ; soil health ; environmental health ; anthocyanin ; russeting ; silver patch ; Solanum tuberosum ; suberized cell layer ; surface cracking ; microgreens ; natural amendment ; phytochemicals ; healthy food ; common bean ; magnetic field ; photosynthesis ; physiological parameters ; seeds ; Carica papaya ; cultivation practice ; fruit development ; fruit tree ; greenhouse ; mineral distribution ; papaya fruit ; skin coloration ; nutrient ; ripening stages ; tropical ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    Biomedical Sensors for Functional Mapping: Techniques, Methods, Experimental and Medical Applications (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Biomedical sensors stand at the forefront of modern medical technologies, serving as indispensable components in diverse instruments and equipment. These sensors unravel the intricacies of biological processes and medical interventions. The recent surge in high-density sensor systems, characterized by arrangements in matrix arrays and other configurations, has ushered in a new era of functional evaluation. This spans electrophysiological activity, the metabolic responses of organs and tissues, and motor control analysis, all enriched with crucial spatial information. Functional mapping, a burgeoning approach in various biomedical techniques such as EEG, EMG, ECG, NIRS, and MEG, is proving to be transformative. Its integration enhances our comprehension of complex biological behaviors, where the precise spatial localization of sensing methodologies becomes paramount. The applications of functional mapping using biomedical sensors extend across multiple fields, including neuroscience, neuromuscular physiology, rehabilitation, and cardiology. Its utility ranges from diagnostic purposes to assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The primary objective of this reprint was to collect papers that delineate the forefront of techniques, methods, and applications in the realm of biomedical sensors. Additionally, the focus extends to specific algorithms for data processing, ensuring a robust understanding of functional information intricately associated with spatial localization.
    Keywords: EMG ; EEG ; rehabilitation ; neuromotor ; evaluation ; assessment ; review ; machine learning ; biofeedback ; transfer learning ; random forest classifier ; COVID-19 ; intubation ; tracheoesophageal fistula ; tracheal lesions ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; modeling ; intensive care unit ; muscle synergies ; whole body FES ; neurological patients ; photodynamic therapy ; fluorescence ; laser ; fluorophores ; enamel ; effective connectivity ; kurtosis ; resting-state connectivity ; stationarity ; sleep monitoring ; pressure bed sensor (PBS) ; unobtrusive measure ; multi-scale analysis ; sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) ; shift-working ; optically detected magnetic resonance ; quantum magnetometer ; magnetoencephalography ; time domain ; functional near infrared spectroscopy ; diffuse optics ; brain ; hemodynamics ; resting-state brain oscillation ; mental workload ; signal processing ; reliability ; cognitive performance ; Simon task ; emotion detection ; valence ; arousal ; wearable sensors ; regression ; classification ; technology acceptance model ; rehabilitation exoskeletons ; therapists ; neuro-rehabilitation ; multiple linear regression ; Pearson’s correlation ; integrated sensor systems ; hand function ; hand osteoarthritis ; electromyography ; diagnosis ; discriminant analysis ; photoplethysmogram ; microcirculation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; modelling ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Active and Intelligent Food Packaging Polymers (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint combines 11 quality review and research articles on active and intelligent food packaging polymers. We anticipate that the contributions gathered within this Special Issue not only reflect the current state of the field but also serve as a catalyst for future advancements. Together, we aim to unravel the intricacies of active and intelligent food packaging, paving the way for a safer, more sustainable, and technologically enriched future in the realm of food preservation.
    Keywords: biopolymers ; compost ; soil ; aquatic systems ; biodegradation assay ; food packaging ; antimicrobial film ; antioxidant film ; active packaging ; EVOH copolymer ; methyl anthranilate ; melt-extrusion ; film properties ; antifungal activity ; cellulose nanocrystal ; silver nanoparticle ; hydrothermal green synthesis ; colorimetric freshness indicator ; intelligent packaging ; active compounds ; food additives ; food toxicity ; functional foods ; nano-encapsulation ; orange juice ; physicochemical characteristics ; microbial stability ; shelf-life ; lignin nanoparticles ; thymol ; polybutylene succinate ; antimicrobial packaging ; biodegradable materials ; thermochromic inks ; chemical resistance ; UV radiation ; color degradation ; anthocyanin ; Clitoria ternatea L. ; ultrasonic extraction ; pH-responsive indicator ; food freshness ; titanium dioxide ; photocatalytic activity ; ethylene-removing ; nanocomposites ; eco-friendly materials ; oxygen scavenger ; multilayer film ; volatile organic compound ; VOC ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    Transport, Persistence and Toxicity of Pollutants in the Sea (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint describes the fate of pollutants transported to the sea from the mainland and how they accumulate in the marine environment and organisms. This will contribute to increasing the knowledge on the dangers of pollutants that reach the marine environment and their fate once they enter the marine food chain. We also hope to improve knowledge on the effects of the pollutant load on the sea during all the seasons, due to the contribution of rivers, rainfall, etc., and the relative influence on marine organisms.
    Keywords: Adriatic Sea ; Neretva Channel ; sediment dynamics ; age model ; metal concentrations ; toxic element ; Mediterranean Sea ; sponges ; biomonitoring ; northern Adriatic Sea ; anthropic signal ; trace metals concentration ; marine sediments ; zoobenthos ; sentinel species ; suspension feeders ; water pollutants ; bioaccumulation ; heavy metals ; trace metals ; beach sediments ; coastal processes ; lithology ; pollution indicators ; surficial sediments ; central western Adriatic Sea ; marine dumping area ; heavy metal ; dredged material ; benthic community ; Huangmao Island ; review ; DNA methylation ; genetic polymorphisms ; ecogenetics ; anthropology ; environmental pollutants ; methylmercury ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; seafood ; PAH ; PCB ; neritic environment ; seawater ; sediment ; biota ; partition ; contamination ; Ionian Sea ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; database ; meta-analysis ; contaminants ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Agri-Food Wastes and Biomass Valorization (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural practices, industrial manufacturing, and household consumption are just a few of the activities that contribute to the production of food waste biomass. Modern environmental theories, like the circular economy, are thought to be the impulse behind the implementation of zero-waste policies. The huge percentage of such residual biomass has significant potential to be used as a raw material to produce novel products and specialty feedstock through biorefining procedures, even though the high volume of waste originating from the food industry raises serious concerns regarding both economic and environmental aspects. Given that many plant parts that are rejected during fruit and vegetable processing (e.g., leaves, branches, peels, roots, stems, and seeds) carry a sizable load of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, the recovery of valuable secondary metabolites from waste plant tissues is an appealing prospect in this regard. This specific group of substances exhibits a wide range of chemical compositions with diverse biological characteristics and functions, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities as well as chemoprotective effects against cancer and other degenerative diseases.
    Keywords: oyster shell waste ; washing method ; sodium chloride ; impurities ; particle size ; anaerobic digestion ; agricultural inputs ; biochemical methane potential ; biodegradability ; lignocellulosic biomasses ; manures ; agriculture ; agricultural waste management ; allelopathic effect ; invasive species ; phytoremediation ; rice straw ; rice bran ; rice husk ; agricultural waste ; valorization ; circular economy ; biomass ; bioeconomy ; kinetics ; lignocellulosic biomass ; mechanical pretreatment ; methane potential ; twin-screw extrusion ; fruit and vegetable ; biowaste ; synergies ; matchmaking ; platform ; industrial symbiosis ; waste management ; sustainability ; green building ; recycle ; food waste ; lightweight concrete ; lime concrete ; fruit shells ; coarse aggregate replacement ; sugarcane bagasse ; pentose liquor ; dark fermentation ; biohydrogen ; organic acids ; biorefinery ; fungi ; laccase ; microcosm ; homogenisation ; hemicellulose ; cellulose ; fibre ; conventional limestone ; waste brown eggshells ; polylactic acid ; mechanical properties ; bio-composite ; Aspergillus niger ; ellagitannins ; phenolic compounds ; punica granatum ; saccharomyces cerevisiae ; solid-state fermentation ; limonene ; alpha-pinene ; biotransformation ; terpene ; flavouring agent ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    Advancements in Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In the face of mounting challenges such as food insecurity and environmental degradation, the significance of sustainable agriculture has become increasingly apparent as a beacon for our collective future. Central to this transformative movement is the profound importance of soil health, which serves as the bedrock for both crop productivity and ecological resilience. The Special Issue "Advancements in Soil and Sustainable Agriculture" boldly ventures into this pivotal realm, unveiling a rich tapestry of groundbreaking research dedicated to preserving soil health and cultivating a more environmentally conscious agricultural landscape. Within the pages of this reprint, a wealth of experimental studies and insightful reviews converge to address a broad spectrum of soil sustainability issues. From innovative nutrient management strategies to the remediation of contaminated soils, the contributors to this Special Issue illuminate the nuanced interplay between agricultural practices and the intricate web of soil health. This comprehensive collection stands as a guiding compass for researchers, shedding light on the complexities of sustainable agriculture and paving the way for a future that harmonizes food security with environmental stewardship. The invaluable insights encapsulated within these pages are poised to propel the frontiers of sustainable agriculture, ensuring a trajectory where the principles of environmental consciousness and resilient food production intertwine seamlessly for generations to come.
    Keywords: sustainable agriculture ; soil quality ; best agronomic practices ; soil physical properties ; soil management ; conservation agriculture ; precision agriculture ; cover crop and rotation ; water management ; nutrient management ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Heavy Metals in Mushrooms (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Numerous scientific research projects are concerned with improving and protecting the environment. The first steps towards solving the problem of environmental pollution include researching and monitoring the presence and concentration of pollutants, especially heavy metals. It is known from previous studies that fungi bioaccumulate high concentrations of heavy metals, the concentration of which depends, to a greater or lesser extent, on factors such as the species, sampling area, and anatomical parts of the fungus, but also the substrate on which they grow. As the concentration of heavy metals in fungi increases, the importance of fungi as bioindicators of environmental pollution also increases. However, extremely high concentrations of toxic heavy metals in fungi can have negative effects on human health. Constantly monitoring and controlling the levels of metals and metalloids in the human diet is necessary, both in foods of plant and animal origin and in food supplements, or in this case edible mushrooms, whose availability on the market and general popularity are constantly increasing. Therefore, this reprint provides good insights into the development of science and technology in relation to heavy metal concentrations in mushrooms.
    Keywords: bioaccumulation ; mushroom cultivation ; prediction models ; regression analysis ; waste management ; cluster analysis ; health risk ; potentially toxic elements ; mushroom ; spatial analysis ; principal component ; wild edible mushrooms ; metallic elements ; metalloids ; risk assessment ; human health ; organic food ; Boletus griseus ; Hypomyces chrysospermus ; cadmium ; symbiotic association ; health risk assessment ; heavy metals ; health hazard ; mushrooms ; Tricholoma spp. ; copper ; wood ; detoxification ; ligninolytic fungi ; oxalate ; biosorption ; accumulation ; basidiomycete ; bioremediation ; champignon ; common mushroom ; edible mushroom ; sludge ; toxic elements ; wastes ; food quality ; forest biodiversity ; metal elements ; traditional foraging ; wild mushrooms ; mercury ; contamination ; Leccinum ; Y. lipolytica ; CCA-treated wood ; copper stress ; ectomycorrhiza ; morphotype ; metal ; plant ; field ; pot ; inoculation ; Paraisaria dubia ; Zn2+ stress response ; transcriptomic ; metabolomic ; metal ion transport ; microcycle conidiation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    Equine Respiratory Medicine and Cardiology (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Recent years have seen growing interest in equine lung and heart health, and advances in technology and a focus on equine welfare have driven this research. This Special Issue explores novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including imaging techniques and lung function testing, immunological features, and immunomodulatory treatments for equine asthma and common racehorse respiratory issues. Moreover, it reports on novel echocardiography data of donkeys. This collection offers valuable insights into equine cardio-respiratory medicine.
    Keywords: equine asthma ; exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage ; racehorse respiratory medicine ; donkey cardiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Comorbidities and Complications of Cerebral Palsy (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on treating the associated comorbidities and complications of cerebral palsy. Increased prescription of technology means that we are treating some comorbidities of cerebral palsy earlier or even pre-emptively. Increased life expectancy, compared with 20 years ago, means that we are also seeing even later complications of cerebral palsy. However, increased access to intensive medical care at home, non-invasive ventilation, and total parenteral nutrition now exist. There is also greater engagement with the perspectives and expectations of parents/carers and children. As society begins to discuss mental health more openly, we are also starting to recognise the significant two-way associations between disability and mental health. Ethical consultation may be warranted when harm with treatment exceeds the benefit. As we prepare children with cerebral palsy for adulthood, there is more thought and discussion around issues such as pain, mental health, quality of life, independence, and participation. Researchers in the field of cerebral palsy have contributed original articles and reviews which help build our evidence base to guide shared decision making.
    Keywords: mental health ; anxiety ; depression ; cerebral palsy ; adolescence ; young adults ; young people ; adolescents ; unmet need ; health services ; physical therapy ; occupational therapy ; fracture ; bone fragility ; mortality ; epidemiology ; age-adjusted mortality rates ; death certificate ; medical education ; severe neurological impairment ; scoliosis ; shared decision-making ; respiratory ; hospitalisations ; antibiotics ; Indigenous ; inequities ; cell therapies ; stem cells ; comorbidities ; outcome measures ; clinical studies ; inflammation ; biomarker ; comorbidity ; scoping review ; co-design ; intervention ; participation ; involvement matrix ; public and patient involvement ; early intervention ; infant vocalisations ; infants ; single-subject research design ; CP ; infant ; stress ; parents ; fathers ; parent–infant interaction ; representations ; epilepsy ; children ; neuroimaging ; seizure outcome ; Sialorrhea ; submandibular duct relocation ; postoperative management ; ultrasound ; piecewise model ; muscle volume ; cross-sectional area ; GMFCS ; upper limb ; sensory function ; bimanual intensive functional therapy ; hand function ; associated impairment ; register ; low- and middle-income country ; hip displacement ; hip surveillance ; adductor-psoas release ; hip reconstruction ; guided growth ; salvage surgery ; disability ; emotion regulation ; atropine ; sialorrhea ; pediatric ; drooling ; sublingual ; developmental disorders ; neurodevelopmental disorders ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Recent Advances in Motion Planning and Control of Autonomous Vehicles (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Autonomous vehicles are increasingly prevalent, navigating both structured urban roads and challenging offroad scenes. At the core of these vehicles lie the planning and control modules, which are crucial for demonstrating the intelligence inherent in an autonomous driving system. The planning module is responsible for devising an open-loop trajectory, taking into account a variety of environmental restrictions, task-related demands, and vehicle-kinematics-related constraints, while the control module ensures adherence to this trajectory in a closed-loop manner. This adherence is vital in a range of conditions, including diverse weather scenarios, different driving situations, and in response to potential disturbances such as mechanical failures or cyber threats. In certain contexts, these modules are collectively referred to as 'control', with the planning component considered an open-loop controller. This Special Issue focuses on the latest research trends in planning and control methods for autonomous driving. It comprises 11 papers that cover a broad spectrum of applications, including occlusion-aware motion planning in warehouses, control strategies for articulated vehicles, cooperative trajectory planning for autonomous forklifts, and tracking control for underwater vehicles in the face of disturbances and uncertainties. These contributions collectively underscore the diverse and evolving nature of autonomous vehicle technology.
    Keywords: autonomous vehicle ; infrared positioning ; occlusion-aware path planning ; numerical optimal control ; dynamic programming ; quadratic program ; underground intelligent vehicles ; path planning ; RRT* algorithm ; articulated vehicles ; unmanned driving ; spatial exploration ; hierarchical framework ; deep reinforcement learning ; intrinsic motivation ; obstacle avoidance ; data-driven control ; time delay neural network ; drift control ; autonomous driving ; nonlinear model predictive control ; brain–computer interface (BCI) ; steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) ; electroencephalography (EEG) ; threatening pedestrians ; eye-tracking ; automated vehicle ; trajectory planning ; narrow corridor scene ; space discretization strategy ; articulated tracked vehicle ; adaptive model predictive control ; Hybrid A-star ; trajectory tracking ; kinematics ; improved A* algorithm ; GIS ; open-pit mine ; autonomous truck ; scheduling ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; autonomous forklift ; cooperative trajectory planning ; joint dispatching and planning ; Hybrid A* search algorithm ; artificial neural network ; autonomous underwater vehicle ; tube model predictive control ; path tracking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    Industry 4.0 – The Global Industrial Revolution: Achievements, Obstacles and Research Needs for the Digital Transformation of Industry (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue delves into the strides made, challenges encountered, and research imperatives within the realm of Industrie 4.0 from both a scientific and practical standpoint. This publication features the voices of Industrie 4.0 pioneers Henning Kagermann and Wolfgang Wahlster, as well as leaders in research and industrial application of smart manufacturing concepts.
    Keywords: Industrie 4.0 ; intelligent manufacturing ; smart factories ; industrial artificial intelligence ; digital twins ; zero-defect manufacturing ; digital ecosystems ; China Manufacturing 2025 ; Industrial Internet ; Cloud Manufacturing ; digitalization ; small-medium enterprises ; new business models ; data democratization ; fourth industrial revolution ; smart manufacturing ; smart factory ; digital transformation ; industry ; sustainability ; sovereignty ; interoperability ; mass customization ; Industry 4.0 ; skills ; competencies ; bibliometric analysis ; survey ; Hungary ; maturity model ; transformation ; methodology ; Industry 4.0 strategy ; socio-technical system ; business transformation ; industrial implementation ; mergers and acquisitions ; knowledge management ; networking ; process management ; informational change ; scarce data ; machine learning ; information fusion ; development of work ; sociotechnical systems approach ; human-oriented work design ; D-SI ; DCC ; digital signature ; calibration ; servitization ; digital factory transformation ; smart services ; IoT ; AI ; internal services ; remote work ; COVID-19 ; investment ; n/a ; digital twin ; digital manufacturing ; multi-agent systems ; data architecture ; Logistics 4.0 ; digital transformation strategy ; urban planning and city operation ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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    Research on the Properties of Polysaccharides, Starch, Protein, Pectin, and Fibre in Food Processing (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the concern for food nutrition and safety has gradually increased. Consumers increasingly need to replace synthetic food additives with natural components extracted from food. Polysaccharides, starch, protein, pectin, and fibre are major types of biopolymer components in foods. They not only provide people with energy and nutrition, but are also used in food processing as natural additives due to their gelling, emulsifying, and film-forming properties, etc. They are characterised by high biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of access. Some natural components isolated from raw food materials have some drawbacks, such as low solubility and instability under certain conditions, which limit their application in food processing. Currently, many researchers are focusing on the modification, food technology, and future industry of polysaccharides, starch, protein, etc. These studies help to obtain the changed physicochemical and enhanced functional properties of these components, and further promote their high-value utilization in the food field. This Special Issue brings together 34 articles regarding the latest advances in the properties of polysaccharides, starch, protein, pectin, and fibre in food processing, from the improvements of the physical properties of major food components and biological activity studies to their applications in food preservation.
    Keywords: polysaccharide ; antibacterial activity ; toxicity ; body health ; gut microbiota ; pre-gelatinization ; thermal properties ; rheology ; structural properties ; microstructure ; starch gel ; polysaccharides ; inflammatory bowel disease ; mechanism ; polyphenol oxidase ; kudzu ; thermostability ; thermal inactivation kinetics ; food constituents ; conformation ; dietary fiber ; fermentation patterns ; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ; polymeric proanthocyanidin ; degree of polymerization ; starch ; pasting ; retrogradation ; digestibility ; hyperlipidemia ; resistant starch ; Bifidobacterium pseudolongum ; gut microbes ; synbiotics ; hemp protein isolate ; (−)-epigallocatechin gallate ; covalent binding ; structural changes ; emulsifying properties ; polysaccharide-based materials ; edible packaging ; cellulose ; hemicellulose ; chitosan ; polysaccharide gums ; Holothuria leucospilota ; fermentation behaviors ; antioxidant activity ; zein ; flaxseed gum ; ultrasound ; complex particle ; Pickering emulsion ; soybean residue ; insoluble dietary fiber ; fermentation in vitro ; colon health ; pea ; protein co-precipitates ; protein blends ; surface hydrophobicity ; surimi ; setting ; water migration ; chemical interactions ; purslane polysaccharides ; selenylation ; RAW 264.7 macrophages ; splenocytes ; immune modulation ; type 2 diabetes ; β-glucan ; molecular structure ; anti-diabetic function ; macronutrient absorption ; enzyme inhibitor ; ovomucoid ; superheated steam ; modification ; allergenicity ; mass spectrometry ; acrolein ; IEC-6 cells ; autophagy ; apoptosis ; carboxymethyl chitosan ; frozen surimi ; myofibrillar protein ; denaturation ; gelling properties ; walnut protein isolates ; oxidation ; structural characteristics ; functional properties ; proteomics ; collagen peptide ; B16F10 cells ; melanogenesis ; tyrosinase ; antioxidant ; pea fiber ; industry-scale microfluidizer ; structure ; quinoa protein ; ultrasounic-assisted extraction ; in vitro digestion ; amino acid content ; nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy ; Chinese yam ; structural characterization ; oxidative stress ; okara ; prebiotic ; γ-irradiation ; anthocyanins ; stable system ; inclusion complex ; hydrogen bonding ; biological activity ; packaging ; preservation ; gelatin ; mulberry leaf polysaccharides ; miscible system ; zeta potential ; rheological properties ; betanin ; gelatinization ; camelina cake polysaccharide ; carrier ; stabilizer ; purple corn cob ; by-product ; anthocyanin bioaccessibility ; tapioca ; hygroscopicity ; BET and GAB models ; particle size characteristics ; storage stability ; pea protein ; moderate enzymatic hydrolysis ; structure properties ; dual protein ; plant protein ; co-precipitation dual protein ; blended dual protein ; fish sausage ; pre-emulsion ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Soilless Culture, Growing Media and Horticultural Plants (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint showcases a collection of a Special Issue entitled “Soilless Culture, Growing Media and Horticultural Plants”. Within its pages, readers will find an assortment of 22 original papers accompanied by 1 review paper and 1 editorial. Representing a collaborative effort involving by 84 authors from 15 different countries, this Special Issue explores cutting-edge advancements in soilless culture, investigating the interaction between soilless and environmental factors while also exploring their consequential impacts on plant growth and physiology. Additionally, these studies meticulously scrutinize the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The compositions of nutrient solutions and the physical attributes of substrates and mixtures are illuminated through rigorous analyses. Furthermore, a spotlight is placed on the dynamic interactions between microorganisms and plant-growing media. In the near future, climate change and environmental and ecological issues will steer the trajectory of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media constituents.
    Keywords: biochar ; compost ; climate change ; hydroponics ; growing medium ; life cycle analysis ; organic bioresources ; peat alternatives ; renewable raw materials ; rockwool ; waste ; wood fibers ; soilless culture ; water soluble fertilizers ; vegetables ; Capsicum annuum L. ; Solanum melongena L. ; nutrients ; shape index ; UVR8 ; PPFD ; dose-dependent ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; phenolic compounds ; nutrient uptake ; nutrient variation ; simulation model ; sweet pepper ; restricted deficit irrigation ; soil moisture sensors ; nonchemical growth control ; water use efficiency ; peat ; growth ; cabbage ; Brassica ; emergence ; colored sweet peppers ; antioxidant activity ; phenolics ; ascorbic acid ; carotenoids ; solar and ultraviolet radiation ; peat replacement ; particle size ; calcium ; magnesium ; extractable nutrients ; dry weight ; N levels ; elevated CO2 ; open-top chamber ; nutrient transportation ; transpiration ; dilution effect ; Capsicum annuum ; flavonoids ; fluorescence monitoring ; bio-waste utilization ; NO3–N ; plant ; substrate ; container ; production ; growing media ; nursery production ; carbon ; peat moss ; bioenergy ; Solanum lycopersicum ; olive oil waste ; two-phase ; three-phase ; water sludge ; flower bud development ; flower number ; flower quality ; Gerbera jamesonii ; DLI ; urban agriculture ; simplified soilless culture ; conventional agriculture ; irrigation ; soilless substrates ; water ; coconut coir ; initial moisture ; mass wetness ; peatmoss ; pine bark ; wettability ; capillary rise ; container capacity ; capture rate ; available water ; dewpoint potentiometer ; pine tree substrate ; substrate processing ; surface-bound water ; unavailable water ; wood substrate ; organic and mineral substrates and mixtures ; laboratory characterization ; hydraulic properties ; physicochemical properties ; lettuce ; plant nutrient content ; Pelargonium zonale ; low-tech soilless cultivation system ; commercial quality ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ; rhizosphere ; plant factory ; plant quality ; plant yield ; microbiome ; beneficial bacteria ; germination ; nitrate content ; phenolic content ; antioxidant capacity ; microbial community ; nutrient solution concentration ; sweetpotato ; storage root ; leaf abscission ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Hsp90 Structure, Mechanism and Disease (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Hsp90 chaperone complex is responsible for the activation and maturation of a vast array of signaling proteins. Recently, there has been a leap in our understanding of the Hsp90 structure and molecular mechanisms involved in such regulation. This has opened a doorway to the underlying mechanisms of disease processes and how we may intervene in such mechanisms to improve prognosis. The focus of this Special Issue is on the recent structural and biochemical advances of Hsp90 that provide insights into the mechanistic activation of Hsp90 on client proteins. It will also include discussions on Hsp90 and its co-chaperones, and their potential as therapeutic targets against human diseases.
    Keywords: Hsp90 ; heat shock proteins ; chaperone ; structure ; mechanism ; regulation ; disease ; cancer ; neurological disease ; drug development ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Development of g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-Based Photocatalysts: Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Energy crises and environmental pollution are two serious problems facing the development of human society. Photocatalysis is a promising environmentally friendly technology to address the above issues due to its low energy input and carbon footprint. In particular, graphitic carbon nitride, a typical organic–nonmetallic semiconductor photocatalyst, has become a research hotspot due to its unique properties; g-C3N4 is innoxious, inexpensive, easy to synthesize, has an appropriate energy band gap (2.7 eV), and demonstrates outstanding thermal stability and chemical stability. Nevertheless, some inherent scientific factors, such as its small surface area, low utilization of visible light, and fast recombination of electrons and holes, limit its applications in the field of photocatalysis. Among key modification methods, the construction of a heterojunction/homojunction between graphitic carbon nitride and other semiconductor photocatalysts with interleaved energy band positions is an effective approach to improve photocatalytic activity, attributed to the accelerated photon-generated carrier transfer rate. In particular, such S-scheme structures can simultaneously accelerate photon-generated carrier transfer rates and yield higher redox potentials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a neoteric g-C3N4-based photocatalytic system that can further promote the development of photocatalysis.
    Keywords: amine-based pharmaceutical ; graphene ; g-C3N4 ; nizatidine ; photocatalysts ; solar irradiation ; donor-acceptor ; graphitic carbon nitride ; PTCDA ; photocatalysis ; CO2 reduction ; g-C3N4@Cu0.5In0.5S ; S-scheme heterojunction ; hollow nanostructure ; photothermal effect ; FeTCPP@CNNS ; g-C3N4 nanosheets ; photocatalytic ; visible light ; SrTiO3 ; GO ; Rh active sites modification ; photocatalytic overall water splitting ; energy conversion ; pharmaceutical compounds ; catalyst ; wastewater ; treatment ; photothermal-assisted ; black g-C3N4 ; degradation ; cyano group defects ; semiconductors ; hydrogen peroxide ; photocatalyst ; Sb2S3 ; PANI ; ZnO ; reaction parameters ; structure design ; exfoliation ; quantum dots ; nanocomposite ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Advances in Legumes for Human Nutrition (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: We are very excited to introduce this Special Issue of Nutrients, “Advances in Legumes for Human Nutrition”. Recently, legumes have contributed to a sustainable and increased food supply for the rapidly growing global population due to climate change. Legume seeds that are intact or milled into flour offer a complex array of macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals for human nutrition. Additionally, they can be fractionated into their component proteins, starches, lipids and dietary fibre as health- and techno-functional food ingredients. These ingredients are in great demand by the food industry, for example, in the manufacture of vegetarian and vegan dairy products and meat analogues with good nutritional profiles. However, the issues, such as micronutrient availability, antinutrients and allergenicity, still require solutions for the maximum uptake of legumes by humans. We invited manuscripts that address any aspect of this broad topic, including the impact of innovative food technologies on the nutritional value of legumes and those focusing on nutritional properties of seeds from underutilised members of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family.
    Keywords: α-amylase inhibitor ; biofortification ; lectins ; nutritional enhancement ; phytic acid ; predicted glycemic index ; sensory analysis ; temporal dominance sensation ; legumes ; fermented beans ; extruded snacks ; spices ; antioxidant activity ; lupin ; health outcomes ; type 2 diabetes ; cardiovascular disease ; obesity ; legume proteins ; nutraceuticals ; structural properties ; bioactive peptides ; in vivo digestibility ; health effects ; Lupin ; processing ; lupin kernel fibre ; food ingredient ; composition ; techno-functionality ; health benefits ; consumer acceptability ; coronary heart disease ; health care cost ; cost-of-illness analysis ; nutrition economics ; dietary guidelines ; consumption ; sustainability ; chronic disease ; Setaria italica L. ; Cicer arietinum L. ; Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ; chickpea flour ; foxtail millet flour ; minerals ; organic acids ; pregelatinization ; sensory evaluation ; nutritional values ; in vitro bioaccessibility ; benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ; lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) ; voiding symptoms ; soy ; soy food ; isoflavones ; prostate smooth muscle contraction ; faba proteins ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; UHT processing ; emulsion ; phenolic compounds ; in vitro digestion ; colonic fermentation ; cotyledon cells ; in vitro starch digestion ; legume structure ; low glycaemic index ; navy beans ; protein matrix ; beans ; fiber ; pulses ; carbohydrate ; fat ; protein ; NHANES ; waist ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    Soil Carbon and Microbial Processes in Agriculture Ecosystem (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: As the global population and demand for food steadily increase, the maintenance and enhancement of soil productivity to ensure food security is becoming an important issue at the global level as global warming continues to progress. Soil carbon acts as a global carbon sink, playing a crucial role in soil fertility maintenance. Soil carbon is a complex product resulting from various microbial processes; it is a fragile entity, vulnerable to inappropriate human activity and global climate change. Soil microbes that utilize carbon efficiently may help to reduce carbon losses and increase carbon storage. This Special Issue highlights the current understanding of the dynamics of soil carbon and the microbial processes in agricultural ecosystems from the molecular level to the regional and global scales. The topics of interest in this Special Issue include carbon dynamics in plant–soil systems, the carbon balance, approaches to managing soil carbon maintenance and carbon sequestration, and related microbial processes in agricultural ecosystems.
    Keywords: Agriculture ecosystem ; Carbon cycling ; Global warming ; Rhizosphere ; Rhizodeposition ; Soil microbes ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    15th International Conference “Intelligent Systems” (INTELS’22) (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The 15th International Conference "Intelligent Systems - 2022" (INTELS'22) was held on 14-16 December 2023 at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. It is a biennial event with a thirty-year history. INTELS'22 focused on the areas of intelligent systems and artificial intelligence, their theoretical aspects, and their application to sustainable development. Most of the papers are devoted to research and development of control systems in robotics. Both classical methods and modern methods based on machine learning are used to solve complex control problems.
    Keywords: IT ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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    Recent Developments in Food Gels (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Reprint provides the most relevant and state-of-the-art research in the field, including the use of novel gelation agents, the characterization of the structure and rheological properties of food gels, and the application of food gels in novel food products.
    Keywords: food gels ; novel processing methods ; food applications&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Novelties in Wood Engineering and Forestry (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue compiles11 research papers published in the field of forestry and wood processing technology. In particular, this Special Issue highlights the research on timber saw, biomass and waste from resinous branches, forest by-products, log exploitation, the primary processing of round wood in timber with a band saw, the quality of exploited wood, and the role of the forest and forest ecosystem on the environment. Regarding wood science processes, this Special Issue presents works on cutting round wood in timber and veneers, technology 4.0, the manufacture of furniture and musical instruments, acoustical properties, wood biomass, including briquettes and pellets, thermochemical treatments of wood and pellets, finishing processes, and the restoration of cultural heritage objects using classical technologies and chemical materials. A lot of material waste was used to obtain better composites or chemical substances to obtain wood-based composites with better properties and low-level formaldehyde emission.
    Keywords: Wooden heritage object ; Forest biomass ; Wood products ; Forest environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Sensor Systems for Gesture Recognition (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Gesture recognition (GR) aims to interpret human gestures, having an impact on a number of different application fields. This Special Issue is devoted to describing and examining up-to-date technologies to measure gestures, algorithms to interpret data, and applications related to GR. These technologies involve camera-based systems (e.g., ground truth system, GTS; Azura Kinect), wearable sensors (e.g., inertial measurement units, IMUs; micro electro-mechanical systems, MEMS; angular displacement sensors, ADS; resistive flex sensors, RFSs), electromagnetic field measurements (e.g., leap motion sensor), acoustic-based inputs (e.g., microphone, stethoscope), radar systems (e.g., continuous wave), and tactile sensors (e.g., pressure sensitive transistors). Data interpretations are detailed by means of classifiers (e.g., neural networks, NN; convolutional neural network, CNN; hidden Markov models, HMM; and k-nearest neighbors, kNN). The applications are for medical purposes (e.g., to provide physiotherapy solutions, to assess Parkinson’s disease, and to electrocardiogram detection), for social inclusion (e.g., sign language recognition: British, American, and Italian ones), for sport activity scoring (e.g., taekwondo), for machine interaction (e.g., to control a holographic display), and for safety purposes (e.g., to drowsiness recognition). This Special Issue is addressed to all the researchers, professionals, and designers interested in GR and to all the users driven by curiosity and passion. The Guest Editors would like to acknowledge and express their gratitude to all of the authors involved.
    Keywords: Gesture recognition ; Sensor systems ; Wearables ; Motion tracking ; Pattern recognition ; Gait analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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    Primary Mental Health Care in a New Era (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint entails descriptions of novel issues and challenges for primary mental healthcare regarding both general and vulnerable populations on a global scale. It is intended for health professionals and all who are interested in mental health care at the primary level.
    Keywords: depression ; sense of coherence ; burnout ; COVID-19 ; nurses ; medication adherence ; mental health nurses ; tacit knowledge ; schizophrenia ; sensory processing sensitivity ; environmental sensitivity ; university students ; nursing ; scale ; somatization ; number of diseases ; coping strategies ; sex ; aggression ; alexithymia ; comprehensibility ; quality of life ; family caregivers ; students ; medical ; psychological problem ; undergraduate ; Saudi Arabia ; n/a ; prospect theory ; applied psychology ; health ; decision making ; behavior ; prevention ; multiple sclerosis ; Beck depression inventory ; anxiety ; fatigue ; mediation ; lawyers ; suicidal ideation ; occupational stress ; loneliness ; perceived stress ; mental health ; work overcommitment ; mental health care ; adolescence ; internalizing/externalizing problems ; social skills ; neurodevelopmental disorders ; filmmaking intervention ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services::MBPK Mental health services
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    Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Diseases during Pregnancy (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint includes studies on diagnosing, evaluating and managing the pathologies diagnosed during pregnancy. The information provided in these pages is helpful for specialists in obstetrics and gynaecology but also for other medical specialities involved in treating pregnant women with associated pathologies. Studying the articles in the reprint could contribute to improving case management.
    Keywords: pregnancy ; fetus prenatal care ; high-risk ; pathology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Offshore Renewables for a Transition to a Low Carbon Society (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Taking into account the increasing general concern related to the necessity of reducing CO2 emissions, a very important aspect of this topic refers to the green energy sector. In this vein, the present Special Issue is focused on the area of Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE). This Special Issue contains valuable works related to ORE.
    Keywords: Romanian nearshore ; EEZ ; ERA5 ; water depth ; energy resources ; offshore wind turbines ; offshore wind ; technical analysis ; economic analysis ; Philippines ; European seas ; sea state conditions ; wind climate ; wave climate ; statistical analysis ; solar farm siting ; assessment criteria ; entropy weight method ; AHP ; TOPSIS ; wave power ; wave energy converters (WECs) ; Galician coast ; SWAN ; wave-energy converter array ; interconnected model ; model predictive control ; hardware-in-the-loop ; wave energy converter (WEC) ; heaving point-absorber WEC ; WEC array ; WECfarm ; physical modelling ; real-time control ; MATLAB-Simulink ; heaving point absorber WEC ; system identification (SID) ; solar radiation ; marine renewable energy ; floating solar panels (FPV) ; sustainability ; wave energy converter ; floating flapping-panel ; slope ; hydrodynamic performance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Sustainable Tourism - Ways to Counteract the Negative Effects of Overtourism at Tourist Attractions and Destinations (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint contains articles published as part of the Special Issue of "Sustainable Tourism: Ways to Counteract the Negative Effects of Overtourism at Tourist Attractions and Destinations" in the journal Sustainability in the "Tourism, Culture, and Heritage" section. It contains 13 articles presenting research on various aspects of overtourism: the attitudes of city dwellers towards overtourism, e.g., Krakow and Wrocław; the effects of tourism development in regions of natural value, e.g., the Tatra National Park; and areas adjacent to tourist routes. It looked at night-time tourism and the sharing economy, as well as how business models can be used to manage sustainable tourism. The phenomenon of overtourism in Tunisia, Brazil, and South Korea is described. The articles published in 2020 are very popular. They have been viewed by several thousand researchers and have been cited 300 times by other authors.
    Keywords: health resorts ; management ; Poland ; investment gaps ; overtourism ; investment attractiveness ; sustainability ; Kraków ; Doxey index ; attitudes ; residents ; service providers ; life form ; dispersal mode ; semi-natural habitats ; trampling ; vascular plants ; tourist experiences ; ecological awareness ; protected areas ; Tatra National Park ; TripAdvisor ; conflict management ; social conflict ; conflict analysis ; circle of conflict ; urban tourism ; tourism-phobia ; tourism in cities ; tourist gentrification ; impact of tourism ; experience economy ; sustainable tourism ; Wrocław city ; subjective well-being ; festivals ; tourism consequences ; tourism area life cycle model ; tourism carrying capacity ; tourism intensity index ; tourism density index ; over-tourism ; temporal distribution ; willingness to pay ; choice experiment ; tourism management and development ; UNESCO World Heritage site ; sustainable development ; Social Capital Theory ; sharing economy ; collaborative economy ; tourism ; gentrification ; tourism impact ; non-mega sports events ; sports tourism ; quality of life of hosts ; social impact of sports events ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Advances in Fuzzy Decision Theory and Applications (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In the realm of complex decision making, characterized by inherent incompleteness and uncertainty, the foundational work of Lotfi A. Zadeh on fuzzy set theory has been instrumental. The efficacy of classical fuzzy sets in addressing vagueness has prompted an exploration of various extensions, each catering to the intricacies of real-world decision-making problems. This reprint delves into an array of advanced fuzzy theories, including type-2 fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, multivalued fuzzy sets, cubic sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, spherical fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, and more. The richness of these extensions reflects the dynamism of fuzzy theories in diverse decision-making applications.
    Keywords: fuzzy theory ; fuzzy decision theory and method ; decision making ; multicriteria decision making ; group decision making ; engineering and scientific applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Environmental and Energy Applications (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: With the development of modern society, environmental pollution and energy shortages have become the focus of attention worldwide. Most of the global energy supplies are generated from fossil fuel, which gives rise to environmental pollution and climate change. Photocatalysis technology, which can directly convert solar energy into high value-added fuel and chemical materials or degrade a wide range of organic pollutants into easily degradable intermediates or less toxic small molecular substances, is regarded as one of the most important ways to solve the global energy shortage and environmental pollution problem. This Special Issue focuses on advanced photocatalytic materials, including but not limited to photocatalytic materials for the treatment of indoor air, photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, photocatalytic oxygen evolution, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic hazardous pollutant removal, the photothermal decomposition of pollutants, photoelectrochemical water splitting, etc. This Special Issue provides a platform for scientists to present their original research on “Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Environmental and Energy Applications”.
    Keywords: PbBiO2I microspheres ; CQDs ; ionic liquid ; charge separation ; interface ; polycrystalline silicon ; solar cells ; low-high-low ; phosphorus diffusion ; semiconductor ; photocatalysis ; indoor air treatment ; volatile organic compounds ; microorganism ; photocatalyst ; type-II heterojunction ; carrier separation ; photodegradation ; phase engineering ; water splitting ; CO2 reduction ; pollutant degradation ; MoS2 ; SnS2 ; composite catalyst ; visible light degradation ; thermo-photocatalysis ; nickel foam ; Ni-doped TiO2 ; acetaldehyde decomposition ; zinc oxide ; Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model ; methylene blue ; titanium dioxide ; anodization ; self-doping ; cocatalyst ; Mo2C ; phosphorus ; doped ; g-C3N4 ; photocatalytic ; mixture of pollutants ; coupling system ; plasma ; synergetic effect ; mineralization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    3D Printing of MEMS Technology (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Three-dimensional printing is among the emerging technologies of our time. While it was previously primarily employed for rapid prototyping, this technology has entered a phase of accelerated production, especially for complicated or small objects. Most recently, novel 3D printing technologies have enabled objects with features at the micro- or even nano-scale to be fabricated. Meanwhile, well-known problems such as the waviness of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed parts, the missing long-term stability of some typical printing materials or the reduced mechanical properties of 3D-printed objects persist.This Special Issue focusses on all topics related to the 3D printing of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as novel or advanced features enabled by 3D printing compared to conventional technologies, but also the challenges that continue to exist regarding the application of 3D printing technologies for MEMS and new approaches to overcoming them.
    Keywords: 3D printing ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ; microelectronics ; microfluidics ; microsensors ; microactuators ; inkjet printing ; zinc oxide ; heat treatment ; micro-heater ; semiconductor ; 2D printhead ; thermal inkjet ; thin-film resistors ; digital light processing ; projection micro-stereolithography ; micro beam ; fabrication ; additive manufacturing technology ; powder bed fusion ; surface geometrical parameters (SGP) ; lathe chuck jaws ; polymethylmethacrylate ; additive manufacturing ; fused deposition modeling ; passive ; pipeline ; pressure ; reactive impedance sensor ; structural health monitoring ; wireless ; DNA printing ; flow estimation ; MEMS ; ferrite materials ; magnetic thin films ; strontium ferrite nanomaterial ; relative permeability ; relative permittivity ; thermopneumatic ; micro actuator ; soft bellows actuator ; independent actuation ; polydimethylsiloxane ; standalone ; aerosol jet printing ; dielectric ; etching ; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymers ; sacrificial material ; micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) ; lithium niobate microring resonator ; silicon nitride waveguide ; photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching ; colorimetric device ; organophosphorus pesticide residues ; LCD mask photo-curing ; PolyJet 3D printing ; fidelity of 3D printing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Machine Learning Modeling for Spatial-Temporal Prediction of Geohazard (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Geohazards, such as landslides, rock avalanches, debris flow, ground fissures, and ground subsidence, pose a significant threat to people’s lives and property. Recently, machine learning (ML) has become the predominant approach in geohazard modeling, offering advantages such as an excellent generalization ability and accurately describing complex and nonlinear behaviors. However, the utilization of advanced algorithms in deep learning remains poorly understood in this field. Additionally, there are fundamental challenges associated with ML modeling, including input variable selection, uncertainty quantification, and hyperparameter tuning. This reprint presents original research exploring new advances and challenges in the application of ML in the spatial–temporal modeling of geohazards. The contributions cover the susceptibility analysis of glacier debris flow and landslides, the displacement prediction of reservoir landslides, slope stability prediction and classification, building resilience evaluation, and the prediction of rainfall-induced landslide warning signals.
    Keywords: Geohazard modeling ; Spatial&ndash ; temporal prediction ; Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Chemical Bond and Intermolecular Interactions (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on the geometrical and spectroscopic features as well as potential applications of halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel, and triel bonds in chemical reactions, crystal engineering, molecular recognition, and biological systems. We particularly aim to present studies concerning the bonds formed between some novel important electron donors and acceptors, similarities and differences between these bonds, structures of the complexes composed of these bonds in solution and gas phases, spectroscopic methods for measuring these bonds in solution and gas phases, and applications of these bonds in chemical reactions, crystal engineering, molecular recognition, and biological systems.
    Keywords: triel bond ; hydrogen bonding ; proton transfer ; NBO ; halogen bonding ; haloforms ; Amines ; NMR spectroscopy ; UV–Vis spectroscopy ; DFT calculations ; X-ray crystallography ; halogen bond ; QTAIM ; energy density ; pyrazole ; electron density ; hcb net ; metallic anion ; nucleophilic substitution reaction ; quantum chemistry calculation ; reductive elimination ; hydrogen bond ; abnormality ; competition ; AIM ; cysteine dimers ; NCI ; stochastic optimization ; salt bridges ; non-covalent interactions ; dihydrogen bonding ; local vibrational mode analysis ; blue/red shifts ; hydride complexes ; hydrogen storage ; halogen bonds ; density functional theory ; energy decomposition analysis ; ring current analysis ; spin-orbit coupling ; ortho-carborane ; iodo derivatives ; X-ray structure ; I⋯I dihalogen bond ; vinyl cations ; vinyl cation adduct ; very strong H-bond ; proton disolvate ; carborane salt ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Health, Quality of Life and Sport Rehabilitation (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to specify relevant principles of mathematics and mechanics in order to explore and understand biological problems. We summarize the most important parameters that influence human performance and that are related to the health sciences for all age groups, throughout their lives. We present papers that aim to introduce the latest research in the fields of health, quality-of-life improvement, and sport rehabilitation and that summarize their recommendations for best practice. The aim for this Special Issue is, therefore, to effectively combine and coordinate research and results in order to understand and improve human movement in medicine, sports, and at work.
    Keywords: tendinopathy ; Achilles tendon ; hyaluronic acid ; viscoelastic properties ; isometric contraction ; matrix metalloproteinase 3 ; interleukin-1beta ; fascia ; chronic low back pain ; myofascial release ; quality of life ; older adults ; oldest-old ; measurement invariance ; SHARE European Survey ; therapeutic exercises ; chronic neck pain ; scapular dyskinesia ; DOMS ; vibration ; post-exercise muscle damage ; physical exercise ; recovery ; women’s rugby ; anthropometry ; body composition ; adiposity ; somatotype ; lower-body strength ; accelerometry ; falls ; squat jump ; syndesmosis ; anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament ; high ankle sprain ; rotational instability ; posterior malleolus ; stabilization ; anatomic repair ; syndesmotic screw ; suture-button ; internal bracing ; treatment algorithm ; cardiac rehabilitation ; peripheral artery disease ; COVID-19 ; intermittent claudication ; review ; pressotherapy ; compression ; regeneration ; return-to-play ; rotator cuff repair ; shoulder injuries ; shoulder surgery ; shoulder assessment ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; COPD ; acupuncture ; acupuncture therapy ; acupuncture treatment ; health-related quality of life ; anterior knee laxity ; stiffness ; general joint laxity ; genu recurvatum ; low back pain ; physical activity ; trunk alignment ; rasterstereographic system ; young males ; tissue flossing ; floss band ; vascular occlusion ; muscle strength ; muscle endurance ; warm-up ; TECAR therapy ; high-intensity laser therapy ; manual therapy ; muscle disorders ; hemophilia ; knee ; virtual reality exposure therapy ; joint pain ; physiotherapy ; daily physical function ; middle-aged and older adults ; CHARLS ; aging ; appendicular muscle mass ; inflammaging ; biomarkers ; adiponectin ; sarcopenia ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Viscoelasticity: Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Simulations, and Experimental Work (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue brings together the latest advancements across various facets of viscous and viscoelastic fluid flows. Encompassing a spectrum of contributions, the topics span from innovative numerical methods and sophisticated mathematical modeling to cutting-edge experimental research. In addition to providing insights into the current state of research in these domains, the issue aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics and behaviors exhibited by viscous and viscoelastic fluids.
    Keywords: numerical methods ; analytical solutions ; boundary conditions ; computational rheology ; computational fluid dynamics ; mathematical models ; viscoelasticity ; complex viscous-viscoelastic flows ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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