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  • bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society  (25)
  • Artificial Intelligence  (17)
  • The MIT Press  (27)
  • Springer  (15)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2020-2024  (42)
  • 2015-2019
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  • 1
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-02-15
    Description: An exploration of social media–imposed pressure on new mothers: How the supposed safe havens of online mommy groups have become rife with aggression and groupthink. Many mothers today turn to social media for parenting advice, joining online mothers' groups on Facebook and elsewhere. But the communities they find in these supposed safe havens can be rife with aggression, peer pressure, and groupthink—insisting that only certain practices are “best,” “healthiest,” “safest” (and mandatory). In this book, Jessica Clements and Kari Nixon debunk the myth of “optimal motherhood”—the idea that there is only one right answer to parenting dilemmas, and that optimal mothers must pursue perfection. In fact, Clements and Nixon write, parenting choices are not binaries, and the scientific findings touted by mommy groups are neither clear-cut nor prescriptive. Clements and Nixon trace contemporary ideas of optimal motherhood to the nineteenth-century “Cult of True Womanhood,” which viewed women in terms of purity and dignity. Both mothers themselves, they joined a variety of Facebook mothers' groups to explore what goes on in online mommy wars. They examine debates within these groups over CDC recommendations about alcohol during pregnancy, birth plans that don't go according to plan, breastfeeding vs. formula, co-sleeping and “crying it out,” and “tweaking” pregnancy test kits to discern pregnancy as early as possible. Clements and Nixon argue for an empowered motherhood, freed from the impossible standards of the optimal.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Family and relationships: advice and issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Description: The first book-length study of Nairobi-based female filmmakers—and how their dogged pursuit of opportunities, innovation, and cultural support is defining an industry.Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, is home to something extraordinary and unlikely: in this city, the most critically acclaimed filmmakers—both directors and producers—are women. Yet, across the globe, women make up less than 10 percent of film directors. In Creative Hustling,Robin Steedman takes a closer look at these remarkable women filmmakers, viewing them as auteurs as well as entrepreneurswho are taking the lead in creating a vibrant, and atypical, screen media industry. To understand their achievement, Steedman theorizes hustling as not only a practice born out of necessity but also an inventive labor in its own right—one that can create new spaces of community by carving new entrepreneurial pathways.Through original empirical field research gathered over eight months in Nairobi, Steedman describes how female filmmakers go about trying to create their films, as well as the challenges they face in distributing those films in their local market. Along the way, she traces the history of the industry over the last fifteen years, the lack of state support for these filmmakers' undertakings, the low social standing of the profession, and the transnational conflicts that arise when Euro-American funding is at the heart of Kenyan cinema.Creative Hustling is a major contribution to the task of de-Westernizing media industry studies, imparting important lessons about what it takes to create and distribute creative work in a global age increasingly marked by uncertain work.
    Keywords: Hustling ; Hustle ; entrepreneurship ; creative entrepreneurship ; creative work ; Nairobi ; Kenyan film ; female filmmakers ; African film ; creative industries ; film production ; film distribution ; screen media ; Africa ; Film ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AN Theatre studies::ANS Theatre management
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Description: The art of mashup music, its roots in parody, and its social and legal implications.Parody needn't recognize copyright—but does an algorithm recognize parody? The ever-increasing popularity of remix culture and mashup music, where parody is invariably at play, presents a conundrum for internet platforms, with their extensive automatic, algorithmic policing of content. Taking a wide-ranging look at mashup music—the creative and technical considerations that go into making it; the experience of play, humor, enlightenment, and beauty it affords; and the social and legal issues it presents—Parody in the Age of Remix offers a pointed critique of how society balances the act of regulating art with the act of preserving it.In several jurisdictions, national and international, parody is exempted from copyright laws. Ragnhild Brøvig contends that mashups should be understood as a form of parody, and thus be protected from removal from hosting platforms. Nonetheless, current copyright-related content-moderation regimes, relying on algorithmic detection and automated decision making, frequently eliminate what might otherwise be deemed gray-area content—to the detriment of human listeners and, especially, artists. Given the inaccuracy of takedowns, Parody in the Age of Remix makes a persuasive argument in favor of greater protection for remix creativity in the future—but it also suggests that the content-moderation challenges facing mashup producers and other remixers are symptomatic of larger societal issues.
    Keywords: Mashup music ; Remix ; Parody ; Copyright ; Online Platforms ; Internet Platforms ; Content Moderation ; Takedown ; Blocking ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AV Music::AVG Music: styles & genres::AVGC Western "classical" music::AVGC6 20th century & contemporary classical music ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNR Intellectual property law::LNRC Copyright law
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Description: How prisoners serve as media laborers, while the prison serves as a testing ground for new media technologies.Prisons are not typically known for cutting-edge media technologies. Yet from photography in the nineteenth century to AI-enhanced tracking cameras today, there is a long history of prisons being used as a testing ground for technologies that are later adopted by the general public. If we recognize the prison as a central site for the development of media technologies, how might that change our understanding of both media systems and carceral systems? Prison Media foregrounds the ways in which the prison is a model space for the control and transmission of information, a place where media is produced, and a medium in its own right. Examining the relationship between media and prison architecture, as surveillance and communication technologies are literally built into the facilities, this study also considers the ways in which prisoners themselves often do hard labor as media workers—labor that contributes in direct and indirect ways to the latest technologies developed and sold by multinational corporations like Amazon. There is a fine line between ankle monitors and Fitbits, and Prison Media helps us make sense of today's carceral society.
    Keywords: Prison ; prison culture ; media culture ; media technologies ; technologies of incarceration ; prison media ; media infrastructures ; Scandinavian exceptionalism ; Nordic welfare state ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKV Crime & criminology::JKVQ Offenders::JKVQ2 Juvenile offenders
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Description: How systematic comparative research can unlock the potential of social media scholarship.Though diverse and fruitful, social media scholarship too often focuses on single platforms in single countries, disconnected from other media that people use. Mora Matassi and Pablo J. Boczkowski's alternative approach offers a framework based on the epistemological principle that everything we know emerges from comparing two or more entities. Drawing on a wealth of real-life cases, Matassi and Boczkowski examine key aspects of social media from three comparative dimensions (nations, media, and platforms) and two topics (history and language) to propose a blueprint that encourages researchers and lay readers alike to think about social media from new perspectives.Matassi and Boczkowski illustrate their theoretical points with examples that link multiple media, illuminate an array of platforms, cover different countries and eras, and address various languages and both textual and non-textual signifiers. The result is an original conceptual account that allows for the study of social media in ways that are global, de-westernized, transmedia, and multiplatform. In addition, the authors review the major texts that use a comparative treatment and suggest topics, theories, and methods for engaging in comparative studies in the future.
    Keywords: social media ; comparative ; cross-national ; cross-media ; cross-platform ; trans-media ; trading zones ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-02-15
    Description: How to co-create—and why: the emergence of media co-creation as a concept and as a practice grounded in equity and justice. Co-creation is everywhere: It's how the internet was built; it generated massive prehistoric rock carvings; it powered the development of vaccines for COVID-19 in record time. Co-creation offers alternatives to the idea of the solitary author privileged by top-down media. But co-creation is easy to miss, as individuals often take credit for—and profit from—collective forms of authorship, erasing whole cultures and narratives as they do so. Collective Wisdom offers the first guide to co-creation as a concept and as a practice, tracing co-creation in a media-making that ranges from collaborative journalism to human–AI partnerships. Why co-create—and why now? The many coauthors, drawing on a remarkable array of professional and personal experience, focus on the radical, sustained practices of co-creating media within communities and with social movements. They explore the urgent need for co-creation across disciplines and organization, and the latest methods for collaborating with nonhuman systems in biology and technology. The idea of “collective intelligence” is not new, and has been applied to such disparate phenomena as decision making by consensus and hived insects. Collective wisdom goes further. With conceptual explanation and practical examples, this book shows that co-creation only becomes wise when it is grounded in equity and justice.
    Keywords: digital arts ; documentary ; journalism ; co-creation ; emergent media ; film ; VR ; interdisciplinary media ; transdisciplinary media ; participatory media ; oral history ; emergent tech ; AI ; community-based media ; feminism ; Social Science Methodology ; Media Studies ; Social Aspects of Technology ; Arts and Photography ; Film and Video ; Vocational Guidance ; Sociology of Culture ; Participatory Art ; social justice ; organizational behavior ; cultural anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
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  • 7
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Description: How a generation of tech-savvy young Cambodians is restoring historical media artifacts from before the war—and, in the process, helping to repair the Khmer Rouge's cultural destruction.During the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), an estimated quarter to a third of the Cambodian population perished from execution, starvation, or disease. The regime especially targeted artists and intellectuals and their work, including films, photographs, and audio recordings. In Media Ruins, Margaret Jackcharts the critical role of media in the historical political landscape of Cambodia as well as in its post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation. Along the way, Jack tells the remarkable stories of resourceful Cambodians in the decades that followed the end of the regime—those who worked to reconstruct their country's media infrastructure and restore their damaged cultural heritage.Jack describes the crucial role that media has played in helping the nation grapple with the traumas of its past and imagine brighter futures. She explores how tech-savvy Cambodian media creators have engaged in practices of infrastructural restitution—work that is both emotionally cathartic and politically vital. She also examines the ways these media creators have used digital tools to restore and disseminate lost media artifacts, while embracing an aesthetic of material decay as a visible reminder of loss. As these creators reconcile with the past, they are also finding ways to navigate the country's increasingly authoritarian media landscape. Bringing media and technology studies into conversation with trauma and memory studies, the book provides a unique, and necessary, perspective on post-conflict reconstruction.
    Keywords: Science, Technology & Society/General ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history
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  • 8
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-02-15
    Description: The first comprehensive introduction to the origins, aspirations, and evolution of live coding. Performative, improvised, on the fly: live coding is about how people interact with the world and each other via code. In the last few decades, live coding has emerged as a dynamic creative practice, gaining attention across cultural and technical fields—from music and the visual arts to computer science. Live Coding: A User's Manual is the first comprehensive introduction to the practice and a broader cultural commentary on the potential for live coding to open up deeper questions about contemporary cultural production and computational culture. This multiauthored book—by artists and musicians, software designers, and researchers—provides a practice-focused account of the origins, aspirations, and evolution of live coding, including expositions from a wide range of live coding practitioners. In a more conceptual register, the authors consider liveness, temporality, and knowledge in relation to live coding, alongside speculating on the practice's future forms. To freely download and read ebook (mobi, epub) and PDF files, please visit the resources tab. This book is open access and can be freely downloaded, shared and (if you wish) edited, subject to a CC-BY-SA license.
    Keywords: Live Coding ; Computer Music ; Software Studies ; Computational Culture ; Media Arts ; Contemporary Arts and Sciences ; Performance Studies ; Critical Computing ; Human-Computer Interaction ; Psychology of Programming ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues::UBJ Ethical & social aspects of IT ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AF Art forms::AFK Non-graphic art forms::AFKV Electronic, holographic & video art
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-02-15
    Description: A proposal for a new media design to balance the contributions of humans and materials in the world they share. How can media design support a balance between our needs for self-expression and the material needs of the world we are part of? What criteria define a sustainable media ecology? In Vital Media, Michael Nitsche argues that the current human-centric view is not sustainable and that media are best viewed as dynamic networks where cognitive and noncognitive participants co-create. What we need, according to Nitsche, is a media design that balances the needs of all partners involved: vital media. Tracing this ideal through two domains of expression and making, performance and craft, Nitsche calls on us to embrace material coexistence and to design for self-expression as well as material evolution. We must recognize that the living body and its dependencies on the world around it are at the heart of what media are about. Vital media exist to not only help individuals fulfill their potential through expression but to also realize the agencies of materials in the equally active surrounding world. Throughout the book, Nitsche interweaves theory with close readings of actual artifacts that encompass predigital, nondigital, and hybrid examples. Nitsche's approach counters the current tendency to pit the virtual media world against the reality in which we live.
    Keywords: Media studies ; design ; media design ; interaction design ; HCI ; performance ; craft ; digital media ; digital folk ; new materialism ; material culture ; hybrid craft ; digital performance ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AC History of art / art & design styles::ACX History of art & design styles: from c 1900 -::ACXJ Art & design styles: from c 1960::ACXJ8 Art & design styles: Postmodernism ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
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  • 10
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book deals with cultural and philosophical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and pleads for a “digital humanism”. This term is beginning to be en vogue everywhere. Due to a growing discontentment with the way digitalization is being used in the world, particularly formulated by former heroes of Internet, social media and search engine companies, philosophical as well as industrial thought leaders begin to plead for a humane use of digital tools. Yet the term “digital humanism” is a particular terminology that lacks a sound conceptual and philosophical basis and needs clarification still – and this gap is exactly filled by this book. It propagates a vision of society in which digitization is used to strengthen human self-determination, autonomy and dignity and whose time has come to be propagated throughout the world. The advantage of this book is that it is philosophically sound and yet written in a way that will make it accessible for everybody interested in the subject. Every chapters begins with a film scene illustrating a precise philosophical problem with AI and how we look at it – making the book not only readable, but even entertaining. And after having read the book the reader will have a clear vision of what it means to live in a world where digitization and AI are central technologies for a better and more humane civilization.
    Keywords: Digital Humanism ; Philosophy of Computer Science ; Computer Ethics ; Scientific Communication ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computers and Society ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-11-18
    Description: Technology companies claim to connect people through touchscreens, but by conflating physical contact with emotional sentiments, they displace the constructed aspects of devices and women and other oppressed individuals' critiques of how such technologies function. Technology companies and device designers correlate touchscreens and online sites with physical contact and emotional sentiments, promising unmediated experiences in which the screen falls away in favor of visceral materiality and connections. While touchscreens are key elements of most people's everyday lives, critical frameworks for understanding the embodied experiences of using them are wanting. In Touch Screen Theory, Michele White focuses on the relation between physically touching and emotionally feeling to recenter the bodies and identities that are empowered, produced, and displaced by these digital technologies and settings. Drawing on detailed cases and humanities methods, White shows how and why gender, race, and sexuality should be further analyzed in relation to touchscreen use and design. White delves into such details as how women are informed that their bodies and fingernails are not a fit for iPhones, how cellphone surfaces are correlated with skin and understood as erotic, the ways social networks use heart buttons and icons to seem to physically and emotionally connect with individuals, how online references to feminine and queer feelings are resisted by many men, and how women producers of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) videos use tactile strategies and touchscreens to emotionally bond with viewers. Proposing critical methods for studying touchscreens and digital engagement, Touch Screen Theory expands a variety of research areas, including digital and internet cultures, hardware, interfaces, media and screens, and popular culture.
    Keywords: body ; cellphone ; close reading ; direct address ; embodiment ; feel ; fingernail ; feminism ; gender script ; hand ; Internet ; iPhone ; online ; sensation ; skin ; tactile ; technology ; textual analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
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  • 12
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: An exploration of social movement media practices in an increasingly complex media ecology, through richly detailed cases of immigrant rights activism. For decades, social movements have vied for attention from the mainstream mass media—newspapers, radio, and television. Today, many argue that social media power social movements, from the Egyptian revolution to Occupy Wall Street. Yet, as Sasha Costanza-Chock reports, community organizers know that social media enhance, rather than replace, face-to-face organizing. The revolution will be tweeted, but tweets alone do not the revolution make. In Out of the Shadows, Into the Streets! Costanza-Chock traces a much broader social movement media ecology. Through a richly detailed account of daily media practices in the immigrant rights movement, the book argues that there is a new paradigm of social movement media making: transmedia organizing. Despite the current spotlight on digital media, Costanza-Chock finds, social movement media practices tend to be cross-platform, participatory, and linked to action. Immigrant rights organizers leverage social media creatively, even as they create media ranging from posters and street theater to Spanish-language radio, print, and television. Drawing on extensive interviews, workshops, and media organizing projects, Costanza-Chock presents case studies of transmedia organizing in the immigrant rights movement over the last decade. Chapters focus on the historic mass protests against the anti-immigrant Sensenbrenner Bill; coverage of police brutality against peaceful activists; efforts to widen access to digital media tools and skills for low-wage immigrant workers; paths to participation in DREAM activism; and the implications of professionalism for transmedia organizing. These cases show us how savvy transmedia organizers work to strengthen movement identity, win political and economic victories, and transform public consciousness forever.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Civics and citizenship ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVH Human rights::JPVH1 Civil rights & citizenship
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book as one of the fastest-growing areas of research in machine learning, metalearning studies principled methods to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. This adaptation usually exploits information from past experience on other tasks and the adaptive processes can involve machine learning approaches. As a related area to metalearning and a hot topic currently, automated machine learning (AutoML) is concerned with automating the machine learning processes. Metalearning and AutoML can help AI learn to control the application of different learning methods and acquire new solutions faster without unnecessary interventions from the user. This book offers a comprehensive and thorough introduction to almost all aspects of metalearning and AutoML, covering the basic concepts and architecture, evaluation, datasets, hyperparameter optimization, ensembles and workflows, and also how this knowledge can be used to select, combine, compose, adapt and configure both algorithms and models to yield faster and better solutions to data mining and data science problems. It can thus help developers to develop systems that can improve themselves through experience. This book is a substantial update of the first edition published in 2009. It includes 18 chapters, more than twice as much as the previous version. This enabled the authors to cover the most relevant topics in more depth and incorporate the overview of recent research in the respective area. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining, data science and artificial intelligence. ; Metalearning is the study of principled methods that exploit metaknowledge to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. While the variety of machine learning and data mining techniques now available can, in principle, provide good model solutions, a methodology is still needed to guide the search for the most appropriate model in an efficient way. Metalearning provides one such methodology that allows systems to become more effective through experience. This book discusses several approaches to obtaining knowledge concerning the performance of machine learning and data mining algorithms. It shows how this knowledge can be reused to select, combine, compose and adapt both algorithms and models to yield faster, more effective solutions to data mining problems. It can thus help developers improve their algorithms and also develop learning systems that can improve themselves. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining and artificial intelligence.
    Keywords: Metalearning ; Automating Machine Learning (AutoML) ; Machine Learning ; Artificial Intelligence ; algorithm selection ; algorithm recommendation ; algorithm configuration ; hyperparameter optimization ; automating the workflow/pipeline design ; metalearning in ensemble construction ; metalearning in deep neural networks ; transfer learning ; algorithm recommendation for data streams ; automating data science ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
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  • 14
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: An exploration of how heteronormative bias is deeply embedded in the internet, hidden in algorithms, keywords, content moderation, and more. In The Digital Closet, Alexander Monea argues provocatively that the internet became straight by suppressing everything that is not, forcing LGBTQIA+ content into increasingly narrow channels—rendering it invisible through opaque algorithms, automated and human content moderation, warped keywords, and other strategies of digital overreach. Monea explains how the United States' thirty-year “war on porn” has brought about the over-regulation of sexual content, which, in turn, has resulted in the censorship of much nonpornographic content—including material on sex education and LGBTQ+ activism. In this wide-ranging, enlightening account, Monea examines the cultural, technological, and political conditions that put LGBTQ+ content into the closet. Monea looks at the anti-porn activism of the alt-right, Christian conservatives, and anti-porn feminists, who became strange bedfellows in the politics of pornography; investigates the coders, code, and moderators whose work serves to reify heteronormativity; and explores the collateral damage in the ongoing war on porn—the censorship of LGBTQIA+ community resources, sex education materials, art, literature, and other content that engages with sexuality but would rarely be categorized as pornography by today's community standards. Finally, he examines the internet architectures responsible for the heteronormalization of porn: Google Safe Search and the data structures of tube sites and other porn platforms. Monea reveals the porn industry's deepest, darkest secret: porn is boring. Mainstream porn is stuck in a heteronormative filter bubble, limited to the same heteronormative tropes, tagged by the same heteronormative keywords. This heteronormativity is mirrored by the algorithms meant to filter pornographic content, increasingly filtering out all LGBTQIA+ content. Everyone suffers from this forced heteronormativity of the internet—suffering, Monea suggests, that could be alleviated by queering straightness and introducing feminism to dissipate the misogyny.
    Keywords: Gay and Lesbian studies / LGBTQ studies ; Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSK Gay & Lesbian studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: A proposal to move the academic area of digital media and learning toward more coherence. In this report, noted scholar James Paul Gee discusses the evolution of digital media and learning (DMAL) from its infancy as an “academic area” into a more organized field or coherent discipline. Distinguishing among academic areas, fields, disciplinary specializations, and thematic disciplines, Gee describes other academic areas that have fallen into these categories or developed into established disciplines. He argues that DMAL will not evolve until a real coherence develops through collaboration and the accumulation of shared knowledge. Gee offers a concrete proposal of one way scholars in DMAL could move the area forward to a more cohesive, integrated, and collaborative enterprise: the production of what he terms “worked examples.” In Gee's sense of a worked example, scholars attempting to build the new area of DMAL would publicly display their methods of valuing and thinking about a specific problem, proposing them as examples of “good work” in order to engender debate about what such work in DMAL might come to look like and what shape the area itself might take. The goal would not be for the proposed approach to become the accepted one but for it to become fodder for new work and collaboration. Gee concludes by offering a sample worked example that illustrates his proposal.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
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  • 16
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This first book-length analysis of Amazon's Kindle explores the platform's technological, bibliographical, and social impact on publishing. Four Shades of Gray offers the first book-length analysis of Amazon's Kindle and its impact on publishing. Simon Peter Rowberry recounts how Amazon built the infrastructure for a new generation of digital publications, then considers the consequences of having a single company control the direction of the publishing industry. Exploring the platform from the perspectives of technology, texts, and uses, he shows how the Kindle challenges traditional notions of platforms as discrete entities. He argues that Amazon's influence extends beyond “disruptive technology” to embed itself in all aspects of the publishing trade; yet despite industry pushback, he says, the Kindle has had a positive influence on publishing. Rowberry documents the first decade of the Kindle with case studies of Kindle Popular Highlights, an account of the digitization of books published after 1922, and a discussion of how Amazon's patent filings reflect a shift in priorities. Rowberry argues that while it was initially convenient for the book trade to outsource ebook development to Amazon, doing so has had adverse consequences for publishers in the mid- and long term, limiting opportunities for developing an inclusive and forward-thinking digital platform. While it has forced publishers to embrace digital forms, the Kindle has also empowered some previously marginalized readerships. Although it is still too early to judge the long-term impact of ebooks compared with that of the older technologies of clay tablets, the printing press, and offset printing, the shockwaves of the Kindle continue to shape publishing.
    Keywords: Kindle ; Ebook History ; Ebooks ; E-books ; Amazon ; Amazon.com ; Digital Publishing ; Digital Reading ; Platform Studies ; Book History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry & book trade ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJZ History of specific companies / corporate history
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: An investigation of music videos as a form, a practice, and a literacy. Music videos were once something broadcast by MTV and received on our TV screens. Today, music videos are searched for, downloaded, and viewed on our computer screens—or produced in our living rooms and uploaded to social media. In We Used to Wait, Rebecca Kinskey examines this shift. She investigates music video as a form, originally a product created by professionals to be consumed by nonprofessionals; as a practice, increasingly taken up by amateurs; and as a literacy, to be experimented with and mastered. Kinskey offers a short history of the music video as a communicative, cultural form, describing the rise and fall of MTV's Total Request Live and the music video's resurgence on YouTube. She examines recent shifts in viewing and production practice, tracing the trajectory of music video director Hiro Murai from film student and dedicated amateur in the 1990s to music video professional in the 2000s. Investigating music video as a literacy, she looks at OMG! Cameras Everywhere, a nonprofit filmmaking summer camp run by a group of young music video directors. The OMG! campers and counselors provide a case study in how cultural producers across several generations have blurred the line between professional and amateur. Their everyday practices remake the notion of literacy, not only by their collaborative and often informal efforts to impart and achieve literacy but also by expanding the definition of what is considered a valuable activity, worthy of dedicated, pleasurable pursuit.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Scholars from across law and internet and media studies examine the human rights implications of today's platform society. Today such companies as Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Twitter play an increasingly important role in how users form and express opinions, encounter information, debate, disagree, mobilize, and maintain their privacy. What are the human rights implications of an online domain managed by privately owned platforms? According to the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, adopted by the UN Human Right Council in 2011, businesses have a responsibility to respect human rights and to carry out human rights due diligence. But this goal is dependent on the willingness of states to encode such norms into business regulations and of companies to comply. In this volume, contributors from across law and internet and media studies examine the state of human rights in today's platform society. The contributors consider the “datafication” of society, including the economic model of data extraction and the conceptualization of privacy. They examine online advertising, content moderation, corporate storytelling around human rights, and other platform practices. Finally, they discuss the relationship between human rights law and private actors, addressing such issues as private companies' human rights responsibilities and content regulation. Contributors Anja Bechmann, Fernando Bermejo, Agnès Callamard, Mikkel Flyverbom, Rikke Frank Jørgensen, Molly K. Land, Tarlach McGonagle, Jens-Erik Mai, Joris van Hoboken, Glen Whelan, Jillian C. York, Shoshana Zuboff, Ethan Zuckerman Open access edition published with generous support from Knowledge Unlatched and the Danish Council for Independent Research.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Human rights, civil rights ; IT and Communications law / Postal laws and regulations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVR Political oppression & persecution ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues::UBL Legal aspects of IT
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: In an effort to keep up with a world of too much, life hackers sometimes risk going too far. Life hackers track and analyze the food they eat, the hours they sleep, the money they spend, and how they're feeling on any given day. They share tips on the most efficient ways to tie shoelaces and load the dishwasher; they employ a tomato-shaped kitchen timer as a time-management tool.They see everything as a system composed of parts that can be decomposed and recomposed, with algorithmic rules that can be understood, optimized, and subverted. In Hacking Life, Joseph Reagle examines these attempts to systematize living and finds that they are the latest in a long series of self-improvement methods. Life hacking, he writes, is self-help for the digital age's creative class. Reagle chronicles the history of life hacking, from Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack through Stephen Covey's 7 Habits of Highly Effective People and Timothy Ferriss's The 4-Hour Workweek. He describes personal outsourcing, polyphasic sleep, the quantified self movement, and hacks for pickup artists. Life hacks can be useful, useless, and sometimes harmful (for example, if you treat others as cogs in your machine). Life hacks have strengths and weaknesses, which are sometimes like two sides of a coin: being efficient is not the same thing as being effective; being precious about minimalism does not mean you are living life unfettered; and compulsively checking your vital signs is its own sort of illness. With Hacking Life, Reagle sheds light on a question even non-hackers ponder: what does it mean to live a good life in the new millennium?
    Keywords: life hacking ; self help ; productivity ; data ; health ; dating apps ; philosophy ; American culture ; digital age ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: A proposal that we think about digital technologies such as machine learning not in terms of artificial intelligence but as artificial communication. Algorithms that work with deep learning and big data are getting so much better at doing so many things that it makes us uncomfortable. How can a device know what our favorite songs are, or what we should write in an email? Have machines become too smart? In Artificial Communication, Elena Esposito argues that drawing this sort of analogy between algorithms and human intelligence is misleading. If machines contribute to social intelligence, it will not be because they have learned how to think like us but because we have learned how to communicate with them. Esposito proposes that we think of “smart” machines not in terms of artificial intelligence but in terms of artificial communication. To do this, we need a concept of communication that can take into account the possibility that a communication partner may be not a human being but an algorithm—which is not random and is completely controlled, although not by the processes of the human mind. Esposito investigates this by examining the use of algorithms in different areas of social life. She explores the proliferation of lists (and lists of lists) online, explaining that the web works on the basis of lists to produce further lists; the use of visualization; digital profiling and algorithmic individualization, which personalize a mass medium with playlists and recommendations; and the implications of the “right to be forgotten.” Finally, she considers how photographs today seem to be used to escape the present rather than to preserve a memory.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithms and data structures ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMB Algorithms & data structures
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: An examination of dating app culture in China, across user demographics—straight women, straight men, queer women, and queer men. In this exploration of dating app culture in China, Lik Sam Chan argues that these popular mobile apps are not merely a platform for personal relationships but also an emerging arena for gender and queer politics. Chan examines the opportunities dating apps present for women's empowerment and men's performances of masculinity, and he links experiences of queer dating app users with their vulnerable position as sexual minorities. He finds that dating apps are both portals to an exciting virtual world of relational possibilities and sites of power dynamics that reflect the heteronormativity and patriarchy of Chinese society. Drawing on in-depth interviews with urban users of such dating apps as Momo, Tantan, Blued, Aloha, Rela, and Lesdo, Chan proposes “networked sexual publics” as a unifying concept to capture the dynamics of dating app culture. Devoting a chapter to each of four publics—straight women, straight men, queer men, and queer women—Chan documents how relationships are shaped and transfigured by this emerging technology. He considers whether dating apps can be a feminist tool; explores straight men's self-presentation on the apps and their interactions with women they meet there; discusses the constant cycle of deleting and installing the same apps seen among queer men; and examines how popular lesbian dating apps may connect queer women to their communities. Finally, Chan maps possible paths for future intersectional, queer, and feminist scholarship on emerging communication technologies.
    Keywords: dating apps ; hookup apps ; gender politics ; gender relations ; queer ; LGBTQ ; interpretive flexibility ; affordance ; networked publics ; sexual publics ; sex apps ; social apps ; hook-up apps ; location-aware ; location-based ; networking apps ; Grindr ; Tinder ; Blued ; Momo ; Rela ; feminism ; technofeminism ; leftover women ; gender performance ; gender performativity ; hegemonic masculinity ; sexual harassment ; sexual minorities ; affects ; heteronormativity ; social construction of technology ; interpretation ; publics ; digital media ; digital cultures ; mobile cultures ; China ; Chinese ; East Asia ; Global South ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups::JFSJ5 Gender studies: transsexuals & hermaphroditism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book introduces Vector semantics, which links the formal theory of word vectors to the cognitive theory of linguistics. The computational linguists and deep learning researchers who developed word vectors have relied primarily on the ever-increasing availability of large corpora and of computers with highly parallel GPU and TPU compute engines, and their focus is with endowing computers with natural language capabilities for practical applications such as machine translation or question answering. Cognitive linguists investigate natural language from the perspective of human cognition, the relation between language and thought, and questions about conceptual universals, relying primarily on in-depth investigation of language in use. In spite of the fact that these two schools both have ‘linguistics’ in their name, so far there has been very limited communication between them, as their historical origins, data collection methods, and conceptual apparatuses are quite different. Vector semantics bridges the gap by presenting a formal theory, cast in terms of linear polytopes, that generalizes both word vectors and conceptual structures, by treating each dictionary definition as an equation, and the entire lexicon as a set of equations mutually constraining all meanings.
    Keywords: Semantics ; Natural Language Processing ; Computational Linguistics ; Artificial Intelligence ; explainable AI ; Artificial Neural Nets ; lexical semantics ; word vectors ; embeddings ; dynamic embeddings ; algebraic semantic ; knowledge bases ; machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFX Computational and corpus linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: How Amazon combined branding and relationship marketing with massive distribution infrastructure to become the ultimate service brand in the digital economy. Amazon is ubiquitous in our daily lives—we stream movies and television on Amazon Prime Video, converse with Alexa, receive messages on our smartphone about the progress of our latest orders. In Buy Now, Emily West examines Amazon's consumer-facing services to investigate how Amazon as a brand grew so quickly and inserted itself into so many aspects of our lives even as it faded into the background, becoming a sort of infrastructure that can be taken for granted. Amazon promotes the comfort and care of its customers (but not its workers) to become the ultimate service brand in the digital economy. West shows how Amazon has cultivated personalized, intimate relationships with consumers that normalize its outsized influence on our selves and our communities. She describes the brand's focus on speedy and seamless ecommerce delivery, represented in the materiality of the branded brown box; the positioning of its book retailing, media streaming, and smart speakers as services rather than sales; and the brand's image control strategies. West considers why pushback against Amazon's ubiquity and market power has come mainly from among Amazon's workers rather than its customers or competitors, arguing that Amazon's brand logic fragments consumers as a political bloc. West's innovative account, the first to examine Amazon from a critical media studies perspective, offers a cautionary cultural study of bigness in today's economy.
    Keywords: History of specific companies / corporate history ; Web-marketing ; Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJZ History of specific companies / corporate history ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society
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  • 24
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2023-02-14
    Description: A critical examination of efforts by social media companies—including Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram—to rein in cyberbullying by young users. High-profile cyberbullying cases often trigger exaggerated public concern about children's use of social media. Large companies like Facebook respond by pointing to their existing anti-bullying mechanisms or coordinate with nongovernmental organizations to organize anti-cyberbullying efforts. Do these attempts at self-regulation work? In this book, Tijana Milosevic examines the effectiveness of efforts by social media companies—including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, and Instagram—to rein in cyberbullying by young users. Milosevic analyzes the anti-bullying policies of fourteen major social media companies, as recorded in companies' corporate documents, draws on interviews with company representatives and e-safety experts, and details the roles of nongovernmental organizations examining their ability to provide critical independent advice. She draws attention to lack of transparency in how companies handle bullying cases, emphasizing the need for a continuous independent evaluation of effectiveness of companies' mechanisms, especially from children's perspective. Milosevic argues that cyberbullying should be viewed in the context of children's rights and as part of the larger social problem of the culture of humiliation. Milosevic looks into five digital bullying cases related to suicides, examining the pressures on the social media companies involved, the nature of the public discussion, and subsequent government regulation that did not necessarily address the problem in a way that benefits children. She emphasizes the need not only for protection but also for participation and empowerment—for finding a way to protect the vulnerable while ensuring the child's right to participate in digital spaces.
    Keywords: online harassment ; online platforms ; youth ; non-governmental organizations ; e-safety ; self-regulation ; children's rights ; Facebook ; Twitter ; Instagram ; Snapchat ; suicide ; child ; kids ; regulate ; law ; Internet ; bullying ; policymaking ; free speech ; corporate ; corporations ; bullies ; technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDK Science funding & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UD Digital lifestyle::UDB Internet guides & online services::UDBS Social networking
    Language: English
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-11-18
    Description: An essential exploration of video game aesthetic that decenters the human player and challenges what it means to play. Do we play video games or do video games play us? Is nonhuman play a mere paradox or the future of gaming? And what do video games have to do with quantum theory? In Playing at a Distance, Sonia Fizek engages with these and many more daunting questions, forging new ways to think and talk about games and play that decenter the human player and explore a variety of play formats and practices that require surprisingly little human action. Idling in clicker games, wandering in walking simulators, automating gameplay with bots, or simply watching games rather than playing them—Fizek shows how these seemingly marginal cases are central to understanding how we play in the digital age. Introducing the concept of distance, Fizek reorients our view of computer-mediated play. To “play at a distance,” she says, is to delegate the immediate action to the machine and to become participants in an algorithmic spectacle. Distance as a media aesthetic framework enables the reader to come to terms with the ambiguity and aesthetic diversity of play. Drawing on concepts from philosophy, media theory, and posthumanism, as well as cultural and film studies, Playing at a Distance invites a wider understanding of what digital games and gaming are in all their diverse experiences and forms. In challenging the common perception of video games as inherently interactive, the book contributes to our understanding of the computer's influence on practices of play—and prods us to think more broadly about what it means to play.
    Keywords: game studies ; video games ; play theory ; media studies ; media theory ; aesthetics ; media aesthetics ; digital media ; cultural studies ; videogame philosophy ; game ontology ; non-human play ; player ; posthumanism ; agency ; interaction ; intra-action ; interactivity ; interpassivity ; control ; automation ; AI ; self-play ; auto-play ; ambience ; spectacle ; spectatorship ; idling ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UD Digital lifestyle::UDX Computer games / online games: strategy guides
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: A guide to computational thinking education, with a focus on artificial intelligence literacy and the integration of computing and physical objects. Computing has become an essential part of today's primary and secondary school curricula. In recent years, K–12 computer education has shifted from computer science itself to the broader perspective of computational thinking (CT), which is less about technology than a way of thinking and solving problems—“a fundamental skill for everyone, not just computer scientists,” in the words of Jeanette Wing, author of a foundational article on CT. This volume introduces a variety of approaches to CT in K–12 education, offering a wide range of international perspectives that focus on artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and the integration of computing and physical objects. The book first offers an overview of CT and its importance in K–12 education, covering such topics as the rationale for teaching CT; programming as a general problem-solving skill; and the “phenomenon-based learning” approach. It then addresses the educational implications of the explosion in AI research, discussing, among other things, the importance of teaching children to be conscientious designers and consumers of AI. Finally, the book examines the increasing influence of physical devices in CT education, considering the learning opportunities offered by robotics. Contributors Harold Abelson, Cynthia Breazeal, Karen Brennan, Michael E. Caspersen, Christian Dindler, Daniella DiPaola, Nardie Fanchamps, Christina Gardner-McCune, Mark Guzdial, Kai Hakkarainen, Fredrik Heintz, Paul Hennissen, H. Ulrich Hoppe, Ole Sejer Iversen, Siu-Cheung Kong, Wai-Ying Kwok, Sven Manske, Jesús Moreno-León, Blakeley H. Payne, Sini Riikonen, Gregorio Robles, Marcos Román-González, Pirita Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, Ju-Ling Shih, Pasi Silander, Lou Slangen, Rachel Charlotte Smith, Marcus Specht, Florence R. Sullivan, David S. Touretzky
    Keywords: Computational Thinking Education ; K-12 Education ; Artificial Intelligence ; Physical Computing ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: How traditional learning institutions can become as innovative, flexible, robust, and collaborative as the best social networking sites. Over the past two decades, the way we learn has changed dramatically. We have new sources of information and new ways to exchange and to interact with information. But our schools and the way we teach have remained largely the same for years, even centuries. What happens to traditional educational institutions when learning also takes place on a vast range of Internet sites, from Pokemon Web pages to Wikipedia? This report investigates how traditional learning institutions can become as innovative, flexible, robust, and collaborative as the best social networking sites. The authors propose an alternative definition of “institution” as a “mobilizing network”—emphasizing its flexibility, the permeability of its boundaries, its interactive productivity, and its potential as a catalyst for change—and explore the implications for higher education. The Future of Thinking reports on innovative, virtual institutions. It also uses the idea of a virtual institution both as part of its subject matter and as part of its process: the first draft of the book was hosted on a Web site for collaborative feedback and writing. The authors use this experiment in participatory writing as a test case for virtual institutions, learning institutions, and a new form of collaborative authorship. The finished version is still posted and open for comment. This book is the full-length report of the project, which was summarized in an earlier MacArthur volume, The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age.
    Keywords: Media studies ; Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: How the Amish have adopted certain digital tools in ways that allow them to work and live according to their own value system. The Amish are famous for their disconnection from the modern world and all its devices. But, as Lindsay Ems shows in Virtually Amish, Old Order Amish today are selectively engaging with digital technology. The Amish need digital tools to participate in the economy—websites for ecommerce, for example, and cell phones for communication on the road—but they have developed strategies for making limited use of these tools while still living and working according to the values of their community. The way they do this, Ems suggests, holds lessons for all of us about resisting the negative forces of what has been called “high-tech capitalism.” Ems shows how the Amish do not allow technology to drive their behavior; instead, they actively configure their sociotechnical world to align with their values and protect their community's autonomy. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two Old Order Amish settlements in Indiana, Ems explores explicit rules and implicit norms as innovations for resisting negative impacts of digital technology. She describes the ingenious contraptions the Amish devise—including “the black-box phone,” a landline phone attached to a device that connects to a cellular network when plugged into a car's cigarette lighter—and considers the value of human-centered approaches to communication. Non-Amish technology users would do well to take note of Amish methods of adopting digital technologies in ways that empower people and acknowledge their shared humanity.
    Keywords: Other Nonconformist and Evangelical Churches ; Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society
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    The MIT Press | Goldsmiths Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: A collection of short, sharp essays exploring the value of shared and accessible public knowledge in the face of its erosion. The Death of Public Knowledge argues for the value and importance of shared, publicly accessible knowledge, and suggests that the erosion of its most visible forms, including public service broadcasting, education, and the network of public libraries, has worrying outcomes for democracy. With contributions from both activists and academics, this collection of short, sharp essays focuses on different aspects of public knowledge, from libraries and education to news media and public policy. Together, the contributors record the stresses and strains placed upon public knowledge by funding cuts and austerity, the new digital economy, quantification and target-setting, neoliberal politics, and inequality. These pressures, the authors contend, not only hinder democracies, but also undermine markets, economies, and social institutions and spaces everywhere. Covering areas of international public concern, these polemical, accessible texts include reflections on the fate of schools and education, the takeover of public institutions by private interests, and the corruption of news and information in the financial sector. They cover the compromised Greek media during recent EU negotiations, the role played by media and political elites in the Irish property bubble, the compromising of government policy by corporate interests in the United States and Korea, and the squeeze on public service media in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the United States. Individually and collectively, these pieces spell out the importance of maintaining public, shared knowledge in all its forms, and offer a rallying cry for doing so, asserting the need for strong public, financial, and regulatory support. Contributors Toril Aalberg, Ian Anstice, Philip Augar, Rodney Benson, Aeron Davis, Des Freedman, Wayne Hope, Ken Jones, Bong-hyun Lee, Colin Leys, Andrew McGettigan, Michael Moran, Aristotelis Nikolaidis, Justin Schlosberg, Henry Silke, Roger Smith, Peter Thompson, Janine R. Wedel, Karel Williams, Kate Wright
    Keywords: neoliberalism ; political economy ; public affairs ; UK ; United Kingdom ; Brexit ; informed public ; media ; school reform ; economics ; finance ; public policy ; private sector ; policymaking ; collection ; essays ; information policy ; mass media ; sociology of knowledge ; Great Britain ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies::JFDV Advertising & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: From fundamental concepts and results to recent advances in computational social choice, this open access book provides a thorough and in-depth look at multi-winner voting based on approval preferences. The main focus is on axiomatic analysis, algorithmic results and several applications that are relevant in artificial intelligence, computer science and elections of any kind. What is the best way to select a set of candidates for a shortlist, for an executive committee, or for product recommendations? Multi-winner voting is the process of selecting a fixed-size set of candidates based on the preferences expressed by the voters. A wide variety of decision processes in settings ranging from politics (parliamentary elections) to the design of modern computer applications (collaborative filtering, dynamic Q&A platforms, diversity in search results, etc.) share the problem of identifying a representative subset of alternatives. The study of multi-winner voting provides the principled analysis of this task. Approval-based committee voting rules (in short: ABC rules) are multi-winner voting rules particularly suitable for practical use. Their usability is founded on the straightforward form in which the voters can express preferences: voters simply have to differentiate between approved and disapproved candidates. Proposals for ABC rules are numerous, some dating back to the late 19th century while others have been introduced only very recently. This book explains and discusses these rules, highlighting their individual strengths and weaknesses. With the help of this book, the reader will be able to choose a suitable ABC voting rule in a principled fashion, participate in, and be up to date with the ongoing research on this topic.
    Keywords: Multi-Winner Voting ; Computational Social Choice ; Approval-Based Committee (ABC) Voting ; ABC Rules ; Proportionality ; Fairness Axioms ; Strategic Voting ; Collective Decisions ; Artificial Intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: How people judge humans and machines differently, in scenarios involving natural disasters, labor displacement, policing, privacy, algorithmic bias, and more. How would you feel about losing your job to a machine? How about a tsunami alert system that fails? Would you react differently to acts of discrimination depending on whether they were carried out by a machine or by a human? What about public surveillance? How Humans Judge Machines compares people's reactions to actions performed by humans and machines. Using data collected in dozens of experiments, this book reveals the biases that permeate human-machine interactions. Are there conditions in which we judge machines unfairly? Is our judgment of machines affected by the moral dimensions of a scenario? Is our judgment of machine correlated with demographic factors such as education or gender? César Hidalgo and colleagues use hard science to take on these pressing technological questions. Using randomized experiments, they create revealing counterfactuals and build statistical models to explain how people judge artificial intelligence and whether they do it fairly. Through original research, How Humans Judge Machines bring us one step closer to understanding the ethical consequences of AI. Written by César A. Hidalgo, the author of Why Information Grows and coauthor of The Atlas of Economic Complexity (MIT Press), together with a team of social psychologists (Diana Orghian and Filipa de Almeida) and roboticists (Jordi Albo-Canals), How Humans Judge Machines presents a unique perspective on the nexus between artificial intelligence and society. Anyone interested in the future of AI ethics should explore the experiments and theories in How Humans Judge Machines.
    Keywords: A.I. Ethics ; Artificial Intelligence ; Robotics ; Psychology ; Automation ; Future of Work ; Fourth Industrial Revolution ; Algorithmic Bias ; Privacy ; Labor Displacement ; Machine Ethics ; Moral Psychology ; Ethics ; Human Robot Interactions ; Positive Philosophy ; Moral Experiments ; Intention ; Moral Foundations Theory ; Computational Creativity ; Uncertainity ; Fairness ; Bias ; Differential Privacy ; Anonymity ; Wrongness ; Demographics ; Moral Foundations ; Laws or Robotics ; Legal Implications of Robotics ; Bureacracies ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book proposes a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics. AI offers many advantages: better and faster medical diagnoses, improved business processes and efficiency, and the automation of boring work. But undesirable and ethically problematic consequences are possible too: biases and discrimination, breaches of privacy and security, and societal distortions such as unemployment, economic exploitation and weakened democratic processes. There is even a prospect, ultimately, of super-intelligent machines replacing humans. The key question, then, is: how can we benefit from AI while addressing its ethical problems? This book presents an innovative answer to the question by presenting a different perspective on AI and its ethical consequences. Instead of looking at individual AI techniques, applications or ethical issues, we can understand AI as a system of ecosystems, consisting of numerous interdependent technologies, applications and stakeholders. Developing this idea, the book explores how AI ecosystems can be shaped to foster human flourishing. Drawing on rich empirical insights and detailed conceptual analysis, it suggests practical measures to ensure that AI is used to make the world a better place.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Ethics ; Computers and Society ; Philosophy of Technology ; Business Ethics ; Applied Ethics ; Ethics of Technology ; Computer Ethics ; Information Ethics ; Responsible Research and Innovation ; Innovation Ecosystem ; Engineering Ethics ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Open Access ; Ethics & moral philosophy ; Ethical & social aspects of IT ; Philosophy ; Business ethics & social responsibility ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJG Business ethics and social responsibility
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, GKR 2020, held virtually in September 2020, associated with ECAI 2020, the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The 7 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were reviewed and selected from 9 submissions. The contributions address various issues for knowledge representation and reasoning and the common graph-theoretic background, which allows to bridge the gap between the different communities.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Computer Communication Networks ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; open access ; concept lattices ; data mining ; databases ; fca ; formal concept analysis ; formal languages ; formal logic ; information analysis ; information systems ; knowledge-based system ; model-based reasoning ; network protocols ; ontologies ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Network hardware ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2020, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2020.* The 17 full papers and 23 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They cover topics such as: IoT and AI solutions for e-health; biomedical and health informatics; behavior and activity monitoring; behavior and activity monitoring; and wellbeing technology. *This conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Computer Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; open access ; artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer vision ; databases ; hci ; human-computer interaction ; image processing ; Internet of Things ; IoT ; machine learning ; network protocols ; sensors ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; user interfaces ; wireless telecommunication systems ; Network hardware ; Artificial intelligence ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Computer Hardware ; Simulation and Modeling ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Computer Science ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer systems ; correlation analysis ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; programming languages ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; Computer hardware ; Computer modelling & simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book explores machine learning and its impact on how we make sense of the world. It does so by bringing together two ‘revolutions’ in a surprising analogy: the revolution of machine learning, which has placed computing on the path to artificial intelligence, and the revolution in thinking about the law that was spurred by Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr in the last two decades of the 19th century. Holmes reconceived law as prophecy based on experience, prefiguring the buzzwords of the machine learning age—prediction based on datasets. On the path to AI introduces readers to the key concepts of machine learning, discusses the potential applications and limitations of predictions generated by machines using data, and informs current debates amongst scholars, lawyers and policy makers on how it should be used and regulated wisely. Technologists will also find useful lessons learned from the last 120 years of legal grappling with accountability, explainability, and biased data.
    Keywords: Science and Technology Studies ; Human Geography ; IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property ; Artificial Intelligence ; AI ; Machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; 'big data' ; probability theory ; history of ideas ; legal interpretation ; Transhumanism ; Futurism ; Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr ; Wendell Holmes Jr. ; legal philosophy ; machine bias ; algorithmic bias ; Open Access ; Sociology ; Human geography ; Entertainment & media law ; Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book explores ways to leverage information technology and machine learning to combat disease and promote health, especially in resource-constrained settings. It focuses on digital disease surveillance through the application of machine learning to non-traditional data sources. Developing countries are uniquely prone to large-scale emerging infectious disease outbreaks due to disruption of ecosystems, civil unrest, and poor healthcare infrastructure – and without comprehensive surveillance, delays in outbreak identification, resource deployment, and case management can be catastrophic. In combination with context-informed analytics, students will learn how non-traditional digital disease data sources – including news media, social media, Google Trends, and Google Street View – can fill critical knowledge gaps and help inform on-the-ground decision-making when formal surveillance systems are insufficient.
    Keywords: Health Informatics ; Health Economics ; Open Access ; Big Data ; Machine Learning ; Artificial Intelligence ; Digital Disease Surveillance ; Health Mapping ; Health Records for Non-Communicable Diseases ; HealthMap ; Tools for Clinical Trials ; Medical equipment & techniques ; Information technology: general issues ; Health & safety aspects of IT ; Health economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues::UBH Health & safety aspects of IT ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCQ Health economics
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book mainly focuses on the safe control of robot manipulators. The control schemes are mainly developed based on dynamic neural network, which is an important theoretical branch of deep reinforcement learning. In order to enhance the safety performance of robot systems, the control strategies include adaptive tracking control for robots with model uncertainties, compliance control in uncertain environments, obstacle avoidance in dynamic workspace. The idea for this book on solving safe control of robot arms was conceived during the industrial applications and the research discussion in the laboratory. Most of the materials in this book are derived from the authors’ papers published in journals, such as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, neurocomputing, etc. This book can be used as a reference book for researcher and designer of the robotic systems and AI based controllers, and can also be used as a reference book for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities.
    Keywords: Robotics and Automation ; Control and Systems Theory ; Artificial Intelligence ; Robotic Engineering ; Safe Control ; Deep Reinforcement Learning ; Recurrent Neural Network ; Force Control ; Obstacle Ovoidance ; Adaptive Control ; Trajectory Tracking ; Open Access ; Robotics ; Automatic control engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The 23 full papers, 1 tool paper and 6 testing competition papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers cover topics such as requirements engineering, software architectures, specification, software quality, validation, verification of functional and non-functional properties, model-driven development and model transformation, software processes, security and software evolution.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Computer System Implementation ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Artificial Intelligence ; open access ; software engineering ; requirements engineering ; model-based design ; software analysis ; testing ; software architectures ; security ; model transformations ; software evolution ; software product lines ; architecting ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; computer systems ; embedded systems ; mathematics ; software architecture ; software design ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Algorithms & data structures ; Systems analysis & design ; Computer networking & communications ; Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.
    Keywords: Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Computational Linguistics ; Artificial Intelligence ; Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery ; Open Access ; Deep Learning ; Representation Learning ; Knowledge Representation ; Word Representation ; Document Representation ; Big Data ; Machine Learning ; Natural Language Processing ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computational linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Data mining ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFX Computational and corpus linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Hardware ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Database Management System ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer systems ; data security ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; network protocols ; parallel processing systems ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book summarizes the first two decades of the NII Testbeds and Community for Information access Research (NTCIR). NTCIR is a series of evaluation forums run by a global team of researchers and hosted by the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan. The book is unique in that it discusses not just what was done at NTCIR, but also how it was done and the impact it has achieved. For example, in some chapters the reader sees the early seeds of what eventually grew to be the search engines that provide access to content on the World Wide Web, today’s smartphones that can tailor what they show to the needs of their owners, and the smart speakers that enrich our lives at home and on the move. We also get glimpses into how new search engines can be built for mathematical formulae, or for the digital record of a lived human life. Key to the success of the NTCIR endeavor was early recognition that information access research is an empirical discipline and that evaluation therefore lay at the core of the enterprise. Evaluation is thus at the heart of each chapter in this book. They show, for example, how the recognition that some documents are more important than others has shaped thinking about evaluation design. The thirty-three contributors to this volume speak for the many hundreds of researchers from dozens of countries around the world who together shaped NTCIR as organizers and participants. This book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and students—anyone who wants to learn about past and present evaluation efforts in information retrieval, information access, and natural language processing, as well as those who want to participate in an evaluation task or even to design and organize one.
    Keywords: Information Storage and Retrieval ; Evaluation ; Information Retrieval ; Multilingual Information Access ; NTCIR ; Test Collections ; Information Search ; Information Storage ; Artificial Intelligence ; Open Acces ; Information retrieval ; Data warehousing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval
    Language: English
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