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  • Weitere Quellen  (72)
  • John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  (30)
  • SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG  (22)
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  • American Meteorological Society
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  • 2020-2023  (72)
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  • 1
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    Testing the use of the silica deposition fluorescent probe PDMPO to estimate in situ growth rates of diatoms (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-07
    Beschreibung: The fluorophore [2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5{[4‐dimethylaminoethyl‐aminocarbamoyl‐methoxy]phenyl}oxazole], in short PDMPO, is incorporated in newly polymerized silica in diatom frustules and thereby provides a tool to estimate Si uptake, study diatom cell cycles but also determine mortality‐independent abundance‐based species specific‐growth rates in cultures and natural assemblages. In this study, the theoretical framework and applicability of the PDMPO staining technique to estimate diatom species specific‐growth rates were investigated. Three common polar diatom species, Pseudo‐nitzschia subcurvata, Chaetoceros simplex, and Thalassiosira sp., chosen in order to cover a broad range of species specific frustule and life‐cycle characteristics, were incubated over 24 h in control (no PDMPO) and with 0.125 and 0.6 μM PDMPO addition, respectively. Results indicate that specific‐growth rates of the species tested were not affected in both treatments with PDMPO addition. The specific‐growth rate estimates based on the PDMPO staining patterns (μPDMPO) were comparable and more robust than growth rates estimated from the changes in cell concentrations (μcc). This technique also allowed to investigate and highlight the importance of the illumination cycle (light and dark phases) on cell division in diatoms.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579.8 ; diatom frustules ; Si uptake ; growth rate estimation
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
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    Investigation of subsurface connectivity and subsurface stormflow in low mountain ranges—Findings from the two research catchments Obere Brachtpe and Bohlmicke (Germany) (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-26
    Beschreibung: The two small research catchments Obere Brachtpe (2.6 km2; 50.989986, 7.752013) and Bohlmicke (1 km2, 51.079319, 7.892988) are located in the Rhenish Massif, a low mountain range in Germany. Land use in both catchments is dominated by pasture land, spruce stands and mixed forests. Mean annual temperature is 9.1°C, and mean annual total precipitation is 1250 mm, with 15%–20% of the annual precipitation falling as snow. The geology is characterized by sandy silty clay shale from the Lower and Middle Devonian. Loamy Cambisols derived from periglacial slope deposits, complemented by Leptosols and Stagnosols, are the most prominent soils in the catchments. Long‐term hydrological datasets of precipitation, throughfall, discharge, groundwater levels and soil moisture (at different soil depths) in a high temporal and spatial resolution are available for further scientific analysis. Both catchments were monitored within the time period 1999 and 2009, in order to understand how the antecedent soil moisture, stratified soils (periglacial cover beds) and topography (slope form) impacted the subsurface connectivity, and the subsurface stormflow generation ‐ a dominant runoff generation process in humid mountainous catchments. Detailed physically based investigations on runoff processes were carried out, and the obtained results helped to better understand subsurface stormflow generation and subsurface connectivity dynamics. The process knowledge gained, which was presented at several conferences, as well as publications, was the basis for the discussion of open questions within the scientific network ‘Subsurface Stormflow ‐ A well‐recognized, but still challenging process in Catchment Hydrology’ (2016–2021), and the research unit ‘Fast and invisible: conquering subsurface stormflow through an interdisciplinary multisite approach’ (2022–2025), both financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
    Beschreibung: Long‐term hydrological datasets of precipitation, throughfall, discharge, groundwater levels and soil moisture (at different soil depths) in a high temporal and spatial resolution are available of the two small catchments Obere Brachtpe (2.6 km²) and Bohlmicke (1 km²) (Germany). Both catchments have been monitored in order to understand how the antecedent soil moisture, stratified soils (periglacial cover beds) and topography (slope form) impacted the subsurface connectivity and the subsurface stormflow generation in humid mountainous catchments.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
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    Variation in the predictability of lake plankton metric types (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-28
    Beschreibung: Statistical and climate models are frequently used for biodiversity projections under future climatic changes, but their predictive capacity for freshwater plankton may vary among different species and community metrics. Here, we used random forests to model plankton species and community metrics as a function of biological, climatic, physical, and chemical data from long‐term (2000–2017) monitoring data collected from Lake Müggelsee Berlin, Germany. We (1) compared the predictability of well‐known lake plankton metric types (biomass, abundance, taxonomic diversity, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, evenness, taxonomic distinctness, and taxonomic richness) and (2) assessed how the relative influence of different environmental drivers varies across lake plankton metric models. Overall, the metric predictability was highest for biomass and abundance followed by taxonomic richness. The biomass of dominant phytoplankton taxonomic groups such as cyanobacteria (adjusted‐R2 = 0.53) and the abundance of dominant zooplankton taxonomic groups such as rotifers (adjusted‐R2 = 0.59) and daphnids (adjusted‐R2 = 0.51) were more predictable than other metric types. The plankton metric predictability increased when grouping phytoplankton species according to their functional traits (adjusted‐R2 = 0.37 ± 0.14, mean ± SD, n = 36 functional groups) compared to higher taxonomic units (adjusted‐R2 = 0.25 ± 0.15, n = 22 taxonomic groups). Light, nutrients, water temperature, and seasonality for phytoplankton and food resources for zooplankton were the main drivers of both taxonomic and functional groups, giving confidence that our models captured the expected major environmental drivers. Our quantitative analyses highlight the multidimensionality of lake planktonic responses to environmental drivers and have implications for our capacity to select appropriate metrics for forecasting the future of lake ecosystems under global change scenarios.
    Beschreibung: European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
    Beschreibung: Belmont Forum
    Beschreibung: BiodivERsA
    Beschreibung: LimnoSCenES
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579.17
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
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    Clockwise hysteresis of diatoms in response to nutrient dynamics during eutrophication and recovery (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-08
    Beschreibung: Many lake ecosystems that have been severely disturbed by eutrophication, have also experienced large human efforts to restore “natural” conditions. However, the trajectories and the extent of recovery of these lake ecosystems are still poorly understood. In many shallow lakes, recovery was often delayed and counter‐clockwise hysteretic. Here, we study recovery and ecosystem trajectories in a large and deep lake using diatom remains in sediment cores and time series of phosphorus concentrations. We identified four periods of diatom community change: slow change during early eutrophication, thereafter a short period of rapid change after the 1950s, followed by community stability from the 1960s to the mid‐1980s, and finally a recovery phase until 2010. Diatom community structure responded quickly and in a saturating way to increasing phosphorus concentrations, but also fast to phosphorus decline. Hence, diatom community dynamics did not show counter‐clockwise hysteresis but was characterized by a high degree of recovery and clock‐wise hysteresis (CWH). We suggest that CWH in response to eutrophication and recovery is a typical and previously overlooked feature of deep lakes, which results from a more rapid change of average nutrient concentrations and thus productivity in the epilimnion compared to average nutrient concentrations across the entire water column. Such nonlinear and hysteretic responses to changing nutrients need to be considered when analyzing the effects of other stressors such as climate warming on ecosystem dynamics to prevent erroneous attribution of ecosystem change to other stressors instead of nutrient change.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: European Regional Development Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:577.63
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 5
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    On the evaluation of climate change impact models (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-05
    Beschreibung: In‐depth understanding of the potential implications of climate change is required to guide decision‐ and policy‐makers when developing adaptation strategies and designing infrastructure suitable for future conditions. Impact models that translate potential future climate conditions into variables of interest are needed to create the causal connection between a changing climate and its impact for different sectors. Recent surveys suggest that the primary strategy for validating such models (and hence for justifying their use) heavily relies on assessing the accuracy of model simulations by comparing them against historical observations. We argue that such a comparison is necessary and valuable, but not sufficient to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of climate change impact models. We believe that a complementary, largely observation‐independent, step of model evaluation is needed to ensure more transparency of model behavior and greater robustness of scenario‐based analyses. This step should address the following four questions: (1) Do modeled dominant process controls match our system perception? (2) Is my model's sensitivity to changing forcing as expected? (3) Do modeled decision levers show adequate influence? (4) Can we attribute uncertainty sources throughout the projection horizon? We believe that global sensitivity analysis, with its ability to investigate a model's response to joint variations of multiple inputs in a structured way, offers a coherent approach to address all four questions comprehensively. Such additional model evaluation would strengthen stakeholder confidence in model projections and, therefore, into the adaptation strategies derived with the help of impact models.
    Beschreibung: A comprehensive evaluation of climate change impact models combining both observation‐based and response‐based strategies.
    Beschreibung: This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling 〉 Knowledge Generation with Models Assessing Impacts of Climate Change 〉 Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
    Beschreibung: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Beschreibung: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.6
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
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    The detection of bacterial exometabolites in marine dissolved organic matter through ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-01
    Beschreibung: Bacteria play a key role in sustaining the chemodiversity of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), yet there is limited direct evidence of a major contribution of bacterial exometabolites to the DOM pool. This study tests whether molecular formulae of intact exometabolites can be detected in natural DOM via untargeted Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS). We analyzed a series of quantitative mixtures of solid‐phase extracted DOM from the deep ocean, of a natural microbial community and selected model strains of marine bacteria. Under standard instrument settings (200 broadband scans, mass range 92–1000 Da), 77% of molecular formulae were shared between the mesocosm and marine DOM. However, there was 〈 10% overlap between pure bacterial exometabolome with marine DOM, and in mixing ratios closest to mimicking natural environments (1% bacterial DOM, 99% marine DOM), only 4% of the unique bacterial exometabolites remained detectable. Further experiments with the bacterial exometabolome DOM mixtures using enhanced instrument settings resulted in increased detection of the exometabolites at low concentrations. At 1000 and 10,000 accumulated scans, 23% and 29% of the unique molecular formulae were detectable at low concentrations, respectively. Moreover, windowing a specific mass range encompassing a representative fraction of exometabolites tripled the number of unique detected formulae at low concentrations. Routine FT‐ICR‐MS settings are thus not always sufficient to distinguish bacterial exometabolome patterns from a seawater DOM background. To observe these patterns at higher sensitivity, we recommend a high scan number coupled with windowing a characteristic region of the molecular fingerprint.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; ddc:579.3 ; ddc:
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    Representation of hydrological processes in a rural lowland catchment in Northern Germany using SWAT and SWAT+ (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: The latest version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) features several improvements compared with previous versions of the model, for example, the definition of landscape units that allow for a better representation of spatio‐temporal dynamics. To evaluate the new model capabilities in lowland catchments characterized by near‐surface groundwater tables and extensive tile drainage, we assess the performance of two SWAT+ model setups in comparison to a setup based on a previous SWAT model version (SWAT3S with a modified three groundwater storage model) in the Kielstau catchment in Northern Germany. The Kielstau catchment has an area of about 50 km2, is dominated by agricultural land use, and has been thoroughly monitored since 2005. In both SWAT+ setups, the catchment is divided into upland areas and floodplains, but in the first SWAT+ model setup, runoff from the hydrologic response units is summed up at landscape unit level and added directly to the stream. In the second SWAT+ model setup, runoff is routed across the landscape before it reaches the streams. Model results are compared with regard to (i) model performance for stream flow at the outlet of the catchment and (ii) aggregated as well as temporally and spatially distributed water balance components. All three model setups show a very good performance at the catchment outlet. In comparison to a previous version of the SWAT model that produced more groundwater flow, the SWAT+ model produced more tile drainage flow and surface runoff. Results from the new SWAT+ model confirm that the representation of routing processes from uplands to floodplains in the model further improved the representation of hydrological processes. Particularly, the stronger spatial heterogeneity that can be related to characteristics of the landscape, is very promising for a better understanding and model representation of hydrological fluxes in lowland areas. The outcomes of this study are expected to further prove the applicability of SWAT+ and provide useful information for future model development.
    Beschreibung: The model performance of all three model setups was very good, but the SWAT+ model setup with runoff routing between landscape units performed best. Moreover, the SWAT+ model applications predicted a greater spatial heterogeneity of the water balance components. The representation of hydrological fluxes particularly with regard to groundwater flow, surface runoff, and tile drainage flow differed considerably between the SWAT and SWAT+ model setups.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 8
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    Flexible habitat choice of pelagic bacteria increases system stability and energy flow through the microbial loop (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: Pelagic bacteria can be classified into free‐living and particle‐attached life modes, which either dwell in the water column or attach to suspended particles. Bacteria with a generalist life style, however, can actively shift between these two habitats. Globally increasing densities of natural and artificial particles enhance habitat heterogeneity, with potential consequences for system stability and trophic transfer through aquatic food webs. To better decipher the dynamics of microbial communities, we investigated the influence of adaptive vs. fixed habitat choice on species coexistence for a simplified bacterial community by analyzing a corresponding food web model, consisting of two specialist bacterial prey species (free and attached), a generalist bacterial prey species with the ability to shift between both habitats, and two protist predators, specialized on either water or particle compartment. For simplicity we assume a shared resource pool, considering particles only for colonization but not as a source for nutrients or carbon, that is, inert particles like microplastics or inorganic sediments. The model predicts coexistence on a cyclic attractor between fixed and flexible bacteria, if the costs for adaptive habitat choice can be balanced by adaptation speed. The presence of adaptive prey dampens predator–prey cycle amplitudes, contributing to system stabilization resulting in higher mean predator biomass compared to specialist prey only. Thus, in pelagic microbial systems, flexible habitat choice at the prey level has important implications for system stability and magnitude of energy flow through the microbial loop.
    Beschreibung: German Ministry of Education and Science
    Beschreibung: German Science Foundation (DFG)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579.3
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
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    Basin‐scale estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from the Mara River, Kenya: Importance of discharge, stream size, and land use/land cover (2022)
    Mwanake, Ricky M. ; Gettel, Gretchen M. ; Ishimwe, Clarisse ; [weitere]
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: Greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from African streams and rivers are under‐represented in global datasets, resulting in uncertainties in their contributions to regional and global budgets. We conducted year‐long sampling of 59 sites in a nested‐catchment design in the Mara River, Kenya in which fluxes were quantified and their underlying controls assessed. We estimated annual basin‐scale greenhouse gas emissions from measured in‐stream gas concentrations, modeled gas transfer velocities, and determined the sensitivity of up‐scaling to discharge. Based on the total annual CO2‐equivalent emissions calculated from global warming potentials (GWP), the Mara basin was a net greenhouse gas source (294 ± 35 Gg CO2 eq yr−1). Lower‐order streams (1–3) contributed 81% of the total fluxes, and higher stream orders (4–8) contributed 19%. Cropland‐draining streams also exhibited higher fluxes compared to forested streams. Seasonality in stream discharge affected stream widths (and stream area) and gas exchange rates, strongly influencing the basin‐wide annual flux, which was 10 times higher during the high and medium discharge periods than the low discharge period. The basin‐wide estimate was underestimated by up to 36% if discharge was ignored, and up to 37% for lower stream orders. Future research should therefore include seasonality in stream surface areas in upscaling procedures to better constrain basin‐wide fluxes. Given that agricultural activities are a major factor increasing riverine greenhouse gas fluxes in the study region, increased conversion of forests and agricultural intensification has the possibility of increasing the contribution of the African continent to global greenhouse gas sources.
    Beschreibung: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Beschreibung: IHE Delft Institute for Water Education
    Beschreibung: Federal Ministry of Education and Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Beschreibung: TERENO Bavarian Alps/ Pre‐Alps Observatory
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    Climates of democracy: Skeptical, rational, and radical imaginaries (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-05
    Beschreibung: How will the theories and practices of democracy fare in a climate changing world? Are conventional democratic institutions ultimately doomed or are they able to become more responsive to a changing climate? Is there a need to reimagine democracy and how might it be reimagined? This article reviews the different responses to these questions by distinguishing between three “political imaginaries” in which the relationship between climate change and democracy takes distinct forms. I start by showing how the concept of “political imaginaries” can facilitate the comparison of the different ways in which the relation between democracy and climate change is constructed, before reviewing three such imaginaries. The skeptical imaginary, found in the “eco‐authoritarianism” of the 1970s that is echoed by much sociopolitical analysis today, casts doubt on the possibilities of democratic mechanisms to respond adequately and swiftly to the problem of climate change. Those who resist such skepticism often defend democracy by arguing that institutions and processes of democracy can be made more “ecologically rational”—the rational imaginary of climate democracy involves improvements in political representation and participation. Finally, I present the alternative radical democratic imaginary, in which the crisis of climate change provides a moment for the rupture of existing sociopolitical structures and the formation of alternatives. The article concludes that although none of these imaginaries is able to capture the entirety of climate change politics around the world, the radical democratic imaginary is responsive to the inevitable and valuable plurality around the issue of climate change. This article is categorized under: Climate, Nature, and Ethics 〉 Ethics and Climate Change Policy and Governance 〉 Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
    Beschreibung: Climate protests may mobilise new political subjects.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:363.70561
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
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    High groundwater levels: Processes, consequences, and management (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-06
    Beschreibung: In recent years, the issue of high groundwater levels has caught attention. Unfavorable consequences of high groundwater levels are especially damage to buildings, infrastructure, and the environment. Processes that lead to high groundwater levels are hydrological (heavy or extended rainfall and flood events), or anthropogenic (reduced groundwater extractions, interaction with sewer networks, hydraulic engineering measures, structural interventions in the water balance, and mining activities). Several different map products have been prepared for the information of inhabitants and for planning purposes, and also methods for damage and risk analysis related to high groundwater levels have been developed. Groundwater management measures and structural measures are available to reduce the risk related to high groundwater levels. An operational management system could be combined from existing components, but operational forecasting systems for high groundwater levels are—different to flood forecasting systems—not yet common practice. A better understanding of the processes and the development of integrated approaches for modeling, design, planning, forecasting, and warning, as well as improvement of interdisciplinary collaboration between different organizations, are recommendations for the future. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water 〉 Engineering Water Water and Life 〉 Conservation, Management, and Awareness Science of Water 〉 Hydrological Processes Science of Water 〉 Water Extremes
    Beschreibung: Pumping water from a basement during the Neiße flood 2010 in Saxony. The clear water indicates that the basement flooding originates from groundwater (photo: Reinhard Schinke).
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
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    Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitoids and associated mafic enclaves from Ghohroud in the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran): Evidence for magma mixing during the closure of the Neotethyan Ocean (2022)
    Khaksar, Tayebeh ; Rashidnejad‐Omran, Nematollah ; Li, Shuang‐Qing ; [weitere]
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-25
    Beschreibung: The Ghohroud granitoids (GG), containing mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are located in the central part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) in central Iran. They are associated with the subduction‐related magmatism in the Alpine‐Himalayan orogenic belt. The GG are comprised of a variety of intermediate and felsic rocks, including tonalite, granodiorite, granite, diorite porphyry and monzodiorite. The MMEs are gabbroic diorite and tonalite in composition and characterized by a fine‐grained hypidiomorphic microgranular texture with occasional chilled margins. They show rounded, sharp or irregular contact with the host granitoids. The occurrences of quartz, K‐feldspar and corroded plagioclase indicate that MMEs are the products of mixing between mantle and crust‐derived magmas. New ages of zircon U–Pb dating reveal that the GG in the Kashan area emplaced at ca. 19–17 Ma (Burdigalian). All the samples of MMEs and granitoid host rocks in this study are metaluminous and calc‐alkaline with I‐type affinities. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and show slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.36–0.95). These features in a combination with the relative depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti and P, indicate the granitoids and MMEs are closely associated with subduction‐related magmas at an active continental margin. The host rocks yield relatively homogeneous isotopic compositions of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.706036 to 0.707055, εNd(t) values varying from −2.25 to 0.8, and the Nd model ages (TDM) vary in a limited range of 0.70–0.96 Ga. The MMEs show similar initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.706420–0.707366), εNd(t) values (−1.32 to −0.27), TDM (0.68–1.09 Ga) and Pb isotopic compositions with host granitoids, which imply they attained isotopic equilibration during magma mingling and mixing. In combination with the petrographic, chemical and isotopic results, we suggest that the origin of MMEs and their host rocks were related to the interaction between crust‐derived melts and mantle‐derived mafic magmas. The magma‐mixing event possibly occurred during the transition from subduction to collision in the UDMA along with the closure of the Neotethyan ocean.
    Beschreibung: A comprehensive dataset from petrographic characteristics to geochemical compositions of the mafic microgranular enclaves and granitoid host rocks from the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran) was presented. The new data provide significant insight into the evolution of magmatism in this area, which was tightly related to the Neotethyan closure. image
    Beschreibung: National Nature Science Foundation of China
    Beschreibung: TMU Research Grant Council
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:552.3
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
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    Sedimentary DNA identifies modern and past macrophyte diversity and its environmental drivers in high‐latitude and high‐elevation lakes in Siberia and China (2022)
    Stoof‐Leichsenring, Kathleen R. ; Huang, Sichao ; Liu, Sisi ; [weitere]
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-22
    Beschreibung: Arctic and alpine aquatic ecosystems are changing rapidly under recent global warming, threatening water resources by diminishing trophic status and changing biotic composition. Macrophytes play a key role in the ecology of freshwaters and we need to improve our understanding of long‐term macrophytes diversity and environmental change so far limited by the sporadic presence of macrofossils in sediments. In our study, we applied metabarcoding using the trnL P6 loop marker to retrieve macrophyte richness and composition from 179 surface‐sediment samples from arctic Siberian and alpine Chinese lakes and three representative lake cores. The surface‐sediment dataset suggests that macrophyte richness and composition are mostly affected by temperature and conductivity, with highest richness when mean July temperatures are higher than 12°C and conductivity ranges between 40 and 400 μS cm−1. Compositional turnover during the Late Pleistocene/Holocene is minor in Siberian cores and characterized by a less rich, but stable emergent macrophyte community. Richness decreases during the Last Glacial Maximum and rises during wetter and warmer climate in the Late‐glacial and Mid‐Holocene. In contrast, we detect a pronounced change from emergent to submerged taxa at 14 ka in the Tibetan alpine core, which can be explained by increasing temperature and conductivity due to glacial runoff and evaporation. Our study provides evidence for the suitability of the trnL marker to recover modern and past macrophyte diversity and its applicability for the response of macrophyte diversity to lake‐hydrochemical and climate variability predicting contrasting macrophyte changes in arctic and alpine lakes under intensified warming and human impact.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Beschreibung: Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program
    Beschreibung: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.920866
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9w4r
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:577.63
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
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    Estimates of water partitioning in complex urban landscapes with isotope‐aided ecohydrological modelling (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-17
    Beschreibung: Urban green space is increasingly viewed as essential infrastructure to build resilience to climate change by retaining water in the city landscape and balancing ecohydrological partitioning into evapotranspiration for cooling and groundwater recharge. Quantifying how different vegetation types affect water partitioning is essential for future management, but paucity of data and the complex heterogeneity of urban areas make water balance estimates challenging. Here, we provide a preliminary assessment of water partitioning from different sized patches of trees and grass as well as from sealed surfaces. To do this, we used limited field observations together with an advanced, process‐based tracer‐aided ecohydrological model at a meso‐scale (5 km2) in central Berlin, Germany. Transpiration was the dominant green water flux accounting for over 50% of evapotranspiration in the modelled area. Green water fluxes were in general greater from trees compared with grass, but grass in large parks transpired more water compared with grass in small parks that were intensively used for recreation. Interception evaporation was larger for trees compared with grass, but soil water evaporation was greater for grass compared with trees. We also show that evapotranspiration from tree‐covered areas comprise almost 80% of the total evapotranspiration from the whole model domain while making up less than 30% of the surface cover. The results form an important stepping‐stone towards further upscaling over larger areas and highlights the importance of continuous high‐resolution hydrological measurements in the urban landscape, as well as the need for improvements to ecohydrological models to capture important urban processes.
    Beschreibung: Berlin University Alliance / Einstein Stiftung Berlin, Climate and Water under Change
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Einstein Stiftung Berlin http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006188
    Beschreibung: Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
    Beschreibung: Urban Climate Observatory (UCO) Berlin
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
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    Microbial iron reduction does not release microplastics from organo‐metallic aggregates (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-09
    Beschreibung: Iron flocculants play a major role in the remediation of water bodies, removing particulate pollutants such as microplastics through floc formation. Such flocs are prone to microbial iron reduction while lying on top of anoxic sediments, which possibly leads the release of bound microplastics. In this study, Shewanella oneidensis was employed to simulate the impact of microbial iron reduction on the release of polyethylene spheres from sunken flocs in 120 d batch experiments. Most of the flocs iron (oxyhydr)oxides were reduced (70–90%), but this did not affect their integrity. Only a negligible proportion (0.2–2.7%) of polyethylene spheres was released, while the majority remained bound inside the floc matrix. This study exemplifies that flocs are quite stable, even when experiencing microbial iron reduction under anoxic conditions. Thereby incorporation into such aggregates may display a potential mode of long‐term microplastics storage in freshwater sediments.
    Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.48758/ufz.11330
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:363.73 ; ddc:551.303
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 16
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    Testing the usefulness of optical data for zooplankton long‐term monitoring: Taxonomic composition, abundance, biomass, and size spectra from ZooScan image analysis (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-01
    Beschreibung: The pelagic ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean is threatened by severe changes such as the reduction in sea‐ice coverage and increased inflow of warmer Atlantic water. The latter is already altering the zooplankton community, highlighting the need for monitoring studies. It is therefore essential to accelerate the taxonomic identification to speed up sample analysis, and to expand the analysis to biomass and size assessments, providing data for modeling efforts. Our case study in Fram Strait illustrates that image‐based analyses with the ZooScan provide abundance data and taxonomic resolutions that are comparable to microscopic analyses and are suitable for zooplankton monitoring purposes in the Arctic. We also show that image analysis allows to differentiate developmental stages of the key species Calanus spp. and Metridia longa and, thus, to study their population dynamics. Our results emphasize that older preserved samples can be successfully reanalyzed with ZooScan. To explore the applicability of image parameters for calculating total mesozooplankton and Calanus spp. biomasses, we used (1) conversion factors (CFs) translating wet mass to dry mass (DM), and (2) length–mass (LM) relationships. For Calanus spp., the calculated biomass values yielded similar results as direct DM measurements. Total mesozooplankton biomass ranged between 1.6 and 15 (LM) or 2.4 and 21 (CF) g DM m², respectively, which corresponds to previous studies in Fram Strait. Ultimately, a normalized biomass size spectra analysis provides 1st insights into the mesozooplankton size structure at different depths, revealing steep slopes in the linear fit in communities influenced by Atlantic water inflow.
    Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:577.7
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 17
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    Ebbe auf dem CO₂-Konto (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 18
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    Was bei der Klimakonferenz auf dem Spiel steht (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 19
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    Die Macht des Zweifels (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 20
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    Wie wir uns die Klimazukunft besser vorstellen können (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 21
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    Was die Eiszeit über den Klimawandel lehrt (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 22
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    Was 100.000 Tote zusätzlich mit dem Klimawandel zu tun haben (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 23
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    Wie wir uns zu Tode subventionieren (2022)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-16
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 24
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    Neogene and Quaternary reef terraces of Mangaia, Rarotonga and Aitutaki (southern Cook Islands, South Pacific) revisited: gauges of sea-level change and island uplift? (2022)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-19
    Beschreibung: New sedimentological data of facies and diagenesis as well as chronological data including strontium (87Sr/86Sr)-isotope ratios and uranium (U)-series dating, radiocarbon (14C) accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating and biostratigraphy from elevated reef terraces (makatea) in the southern Cook Islands of Mangaia, Rarotonga and Aitutaki contribute to controversial discussions regarding age and sea-level relationships of these occurrences during the Neogene and Quaternary. The oldest limestones of the uplifted makatea island of Mangaia include reef-related facies which are mid-Miocene in age, based on new Sr-isotope and biostratigraphical data. In between these older deposits and the lowest coastal reef terrace of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, various older Pleistocene reef-related facies were identified. Based on Sr-isotope ratios, these were deposited during earlier Pleistocene highstands (as old as 2.28 Ma). Rare reef terraces on Rarotonga belong to the Plio-Pleistocene and the late Miocene, according to 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The late Miocene age is enigmatic as it exceeds the age of subaerially exposed volcanic rocks of Rarotonga island. The fossil reef could have formed on an older submarine volcanic high that was later displaced by younger volcanism to its present position, or the Sr-age could be too old due to diagenetic resetting. The Plio-Pleistocene Rarotonga reef terraces are overlain irregularly by Holocene reef deposits that are interpreted as storm rubble. Reef terraces on Aitutaki represent evidence of a higher-than-present (up to 1 m) sea-level during the late Holocene, based on 14C AMS age data. They are very similar to elevated late Holocene reefs of adjacent French Polynesia with regard to composition, elevation and age.
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 25
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    Dispersal, location of bloom initiation, and nutrient conditions determine the dominance of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella: A meta‐ecosystem study (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-04
    Beschreibung: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are globally increasing in number and spatial extent. However, their propagation dynamics along environmental gradients and the associated interplay of abiotic factors and biotic interactions are still poorly understood. In this study, a nutrient gradient was established in a linear meta‐ecosystem setup of five interconnected flasks containing an artificially assembled phytoplankton community. The harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella was introduced into different positions along the nutrient gradient to investigate dispersal and spatial community dynamics. Overall, total algal biovolume increased, while community evenness decreased with increasing nutrient concentrations along the gradient. Alexandrium was able to disperse through all flasks. On the regional scale, diatoms dominated the community, whereas on the local scale the dinoflagellate showed higher contributions at low nutrient concentrations and dominated the community at the lowest nutrient concentration, but only when initiated into this flask. A control treatment without dispersal revealed an even stronger dominance of Alexandrium at the lowest nutrient concentration, indicating that dispersal and the associated nutrient exchange may weaken dinoflagellate dominance under low nutrient conditions. This study presents a first approach to experimentally investigate spatial dynamics and ecological interactions of a harmful dinoflagellate along an environmental gradient in a meta‐ecosystem setup, which has the potential to substantially enhance our understanding of the relevance of dispersal for HAB formation and propagation in combination with local environmental factors.
    Beschreibung: Volkswagen Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579 ; ddc:550.724
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 26
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    As above, so below? Effects of fungicides on microbial organic matter decomposition are stronger in the hyporheic than in the benthic zone (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-04
    Beschreibung: Microbial organic matter decomposition is a critical ecosystem function, which can be negatively affected by chemicals. Although the majority of organic matter is stored in sediments, the impact of chemicals has exclusively been studied in benthic systems. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of a fungicide mixture at three concentrations on the decomposition of black alder leaves in the benthic and hyporheic zone. We targeted two sediment treatments characterized by fine and coarse grain sizes (1–2 vs. 2–4 mm). Besides microbial communities' functioning (i.e., decomposition), we determined their structure through microbial biomass estimates and community composition. In absence of fungicides, leaf decomposition, microbial biomass estimates and fungal sporulation were lower in the hyporheic zone, while the importance of bacteria was elevated. Leaf decomposition was reduced (40%) under fungicide exposure in fine sediment with an effect size more than twice as high as in the benthic zone (15%). These differences are likely triggered by the lower hydraulic conductivity in the hyporheic zone influencing microbial dispersal as well as oxygen and nutrient fluxes. Since insights from the benthic zone are not easily transferable, these results indicate that the hyporheic zone requires a higher recognition with regard to ecotoxicological effects on organic matter decomposition.
    Beschreibung: German Research Foundation, Project AQUA‐REG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:550.724 ; ddc:579
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 27
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    Nutrient co‐limitation in the subtropical Northwest Pacific (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-04
    Beschreibung: Nutrients limiting phytoplankton growth in the ocean are a critical control on ocean productivity and can underpin predicted responses to climate change. The extensive western subtropical North Pacific is assumed to be under strong nitrogen limitation, but this is not well supported by experimental evidence. Here, we report the results of 14 factorial nitrogen–phosphorus–iron addition experiments through the Philippine Sea, which demonstrate a gradient from nitrogen limitation in the north to nitrogen–iron co‐limitation in the south. While nitrogen limited sites responded weakly to nutrient supply, co‐limited sites bloomed with up to ~60‐fold increases in chlorophyll a biomass that was dominated by initially undetectable diatoms. The transition in limiting nutrients and phytoplankton growth capacity was driven by a gradient in deep water nutrient supply, which was undetectable in surface concentration fields. We hypothesize that this large‐scale phytoplankton response gradient is both climate sensitive and potentially important for regulating the distribution of predatory fish.
    Beschreibung: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:577.7 ; ddc:550.724
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 28
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    Highlighting Theodor W. Engelmann's “Farbe und Assimilation” [Color and Assimilation] (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-04
    Beschreibung: In 1883, Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann, a German scientist, wrote his essay “color and assimilation” (Ger.: “Farbe und Assimilation”) describing the state of the art in photosynthesis research, his recent findings, and further assumptions based upon his presented results. Nearly 140 years later, many of his assumptions were proven correct. By his still well‐known bacteria experiments using aerotactic, heterotrophic bacteria, he identified the chloroplasts as the location in which photosynthesis and oxygen production takes place. Furthermore, by evaluating the effects of different light spectra, he constructed the first action spectra that demonstrated the implication of the “green gap” of chlorophylls. He further posited that accessory photosynthetic pigments existed to extend the absorption range of chlorophyll. Although infrequently cited, his work was foundational for current ecological research of the vertical appearance of algae species within the underwater gradient in light spectrum due to specific harvesting of different light spectra, hence complementary chromatic adaptation of communities. This short retrospective highlights this piece of literature that represents an early step toward our current understanding of ecological competition for light spectra.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:572.46 ; ddc:570.9
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 29
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    Comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological problems associated with browning agents used in aquatic studies (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-07
    Beschreibung: Inland waters receive and process large amounts of colored organic matter from the terrestrial surroundings. These inputs dramatically affect the chemical, physical, and biological properties of water bodies, as well as their roles as global carbon sinks and sources. However, manipulative studies, especially at ecosystem scale, require large amounts of dissolved organic matter with optical and chemical properties resembling indigenous organic matter. Here, we compared the impacts of two leonardite products (HuminFeed and SuperHume) and a freshly derived reverse osmosis concentrate of organic matter in a set of comprehensive mesocosm‐ and laboratory‐scale experiments and analyses. The chemical properties of the reverse osmosis concentrate and the leonardite products were very different, with leonardite products being low and the reverse osmosis concentrate being high in carboxylic functional groups. Light had a strong impact on the properties of leonardite products, including loss of color and increased particle formation. HuminFeed presented a substantial impact on microbial communities under light conditions, where bacterial production was stimulated and community composition modified, while in dark potential inhibition of bacterial processes was detected. While none of the browning agents inhibited the growth of the tested phytoplankton Gonyostomum semen, HuminFeed had detrimental effects on zooplankton abundance and Daphnia reproduction. We conclude that the effects of browning agents extracted from leonardite, particularly HuminFeed, are in sharp contrast to those originating from terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter. Hence, they should be used with great caution in experimental studies on the consequences of terrestrial carbon for aquatic systems.
    Beschreibung: Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship
    Beschreibung: Swedish Research Council Formas http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001862
    Beschreibung: Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004063
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48 ; ddc:550.724
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 30
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    Is the soil moisture precipitation feedback enhanced by heterogeneity and dry soils? A comparative study (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-01
    Beschreibung: The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere is a crucial driver of atmospheric processes. Soil moisture and precipitation are key components in this feedback. Both variables are intertwined in a cycle, that is, the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for which involved processes and interactions are still discussed. In this study the soil moisture – precipitation feedback is compared for the sempiternal humid Ammer catchment in Southern Germany and for the semiarid to subhumid Sissili catchment in West Africa during the warm season, using precipitation datasets from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), from the German Weather Service (REGNIE) and simulation datasets from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the hydrologically enhanced WRF‐Hydro model. WRF and WRF‐Hydro differ by their representation of terrestrial water flow. With this setup we want to investigate the strength, sign and variables involved in the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for these two regions. The normalized model spread between the two simulation results shows linkages between precipitation variability and diagnostic variables surface fluxes, moisture flux convergence above the surface and convective available potential energy in both study regions. The soil moisture – precipitation feedback is evaluated with a classification of soil moisture spatial heterogeneity based on the strength of the soil moisture gradients. This allows us to assess the impact of soil moisture anomalies on surface fluxes, moisture flux convergence, convective available potential energy and precipitation. In both regions the amount of precipitation generally increases with soil moisture spatial heterogeneity. For the Ammer region the soil moisture – precipitation feedback has a weak negative sign with more rain near drier patches while it has a positive signal for the Sissili region with more rain over wetter patches. At least for the observed moderate soil moisture values and the spatial scale of the Ammer region, the spatial variability of soil moisture is more important for surface‐atmosphere interactions than the actual soil moisture content. Overall, we found that soil moisture heterogeneity can greatly affect the soil moisture – precipitation feedback.
    Beschreibung: WRF and WRF‐hydro model simulations are used to determine the sign and analyse the mechanisms of the soil moisture ‐ precipitation feedback for the sempiternal humid Ammer catchment in Southern Germany and for the semiarid to subhumid Sissili catchment in West Africa during the warm season. The generation of moist convection is favoured over surfaces with moderately high soil moisture gradients in the Ammer region, while for the Sissili region the location of precipitation tends to be related to areas with high soil moisture gradients. For the Ammer region the soil moisture – precipitation feedback has a weak negative sign with more rain near drier patches while it has a positive signal for the Sissili region with more rain over wetter patches.
    Beschreibung: Untersuchung des Klimas des südlichen Afrikas – ein Brückenschlag vom frühen Holozän bis heute
    Beschreibung: Transregional Collaborative Research Center
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.57 ; ddc:631.4
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 31
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    Changes in spectral quality of underwater light alter phytoplankton community composition (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-01
    Beschreibung: Light is a fundamental resource for phytoplankton. To utilize the available light, most phytoplankton species possess pigments in taxon‐specific combinations and quantities, which in turn result in a specific use of certain wavelengths. This optimizes the light use efficiency, allows for a complementary use of light, and may be an additional driver for community structure. While the effects of light intensity on phytoplankton biomass production and community composition have been intensively studied, here we focused on the effects of specific light spectrum quality (thus light color) on a natural phytoplankton community. In a controlled mesocosm experiment we reduced the supplied wavelength range to its blue, green, or red part of the light spectrum and compared the responses of each treatment to a full spectrum control over 28 d. Highest community growth rates were observed under blue, lowest under red light. Light absorption by the communities showed adaptation toward the supplied wavelength range. Community composition was significantly affected by light quality treatments, driven by Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta, whereas pigment composition was not. Furthermore, lower species richness but higher evenness occurred when communities were exposed to red light compared to the full spectrum. We expected the response of phytoplankton communities to changes in the light spectrum to be driven by a combination of species sorting and pigment acclimation; however, the effect of species sorting turned out to be stronger. Our study showed that, even if species might acclimate, changes in the available light spectrum affect primary production and phytoplankton community composition.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
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    High spatial‐resolution monitoring to investigate nitrate export and its drivers in a mesoscale river catchment along an anthropogenic land‐cover gradient (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-05
    Beschreibung: Nitrate monitoring is commonly conducted with low‐spatial resolution, only at the outlet or at a small number of selected locations. As a result, the information about spatial variations in nitrate export and its drivers is scarce. In this study, we present results of high‐spatial resolution monitoring conducted between 2012 and 2017 in 65 sub‐catchments in an Alpine mesoscale river catchment characterized by a land‐use gradient. We combined stable isotope techniques with Bayesian mixing models and geostatistical methods to investigate nitrate export and its main drivers, namely, microbial N turnover processes, land use and hydrological conditions. In the investigated sub‐catchments, mean values of NO3− concentrations and its isotope signatures (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) varied from 2.6 to 26.7 mg L−1, from −1.3‰ to 13.1‰, and from −0.4‰ to 10.1‰, respectively. In this study, land use was an important driver for nitrate export. Very strong and strong positive correlations were found between percentages of agricultural land cover and δ15NNO3, and NO3− concentration, respectively. Mean proportional contributions of NO3− sources varied spatially and seasonally, and followed land‐use patterns. The mean contribution of manure and sewage was much higher in the catchments characterized by a high percentage of agricultural and urban land cover comparing to forested sub‐catchments. Specific NO3− loads were strongly correlated with specific discharge and moderately correlated with NO3− concentrations. The nitrate isotope and concentration analysis results suggest that nitrate from external sources is stored and accumulated in soil storage pools. Nitrification of reduced nitrogen species in those pools plays the most important role for the N‐dynamics in the Erlauf river catchment. Consequently, nitrification of reduced N sources was the main nitrate source except for a number of sub‐catchments dominated by agricultural land use. In the Erlauf catchment, denitrification plays only a minor role in controlling NO3− export on a regional scale.
    Beschreibung: We integrated results of the BMM with informative priors and top‐kriging. Reduced N stored in soil is an important source for stream N in a mesoscale catchment. Manure and sewage is the main NO3− source in agricultural sub‐catchments. Denitrification played only a minor role in controlling regional scale NO3− export.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 33
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    Isotope hydrology and water sources in a heavily urbanized stream (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-30
    Beschreibung: Complex networks of both natural and engineered flow paths control the hydrology of streams in major cities through spatio‐temporal variations in connection and disconnection of diverse water sources. We used spatially extensive and temporally intensive sampling of water stable isotopes to disentangle the hydrological sources of the heavily urbanized Panke catchment (~220 km2) in the north of Berlin, Germany. The isotopic data enabled us to partition stream water sources across the catchment using a Bayesian mixing analysis. The upper part of the catchment streamflow is dominated by groundwater (~75%) from gravel aquifers. In dry summer periods, streamflow becomes intermittent in the upper catchment, possibly as a result of local groundwater abstractions. Storm drainage dominates the responses to precipitation events. Although such events can dramatically change the isotopic composition of the upper stream network, storm drainage only accounts for 10%–15% of annual streamflow. Moving downstream, subtle changes in sources and isotope signatures occur as catchment characteristics vary and the stream is affected by different tributaries. However, effluents from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), serving 700,000 people, dominate stream flow in the lower catchment (~90% of annual runoff) where urbanization effects are more dramatic. The associated increase in sealed surfaces downstream also reduces the relative contribution of groundwater to streamflow. The volume and isotopic composition of storm runoff is again dominated by urban drainage, though in the lower catchment, still only about 10% of annual runoff comes from storm drains. The study shows the potential of stable water isotopes as inexpensive tracers in urban catchments that can provide a more integrated understanding of the complex hydrology of major cities. This offers an important evidence base for guiding the plans to develop and re‐develop urban catchments to protect, restore, and enhance their ecological and amenity value.
    Beschreibung: Intermittent urban stream. Groundwater and waste water dominance. High temporal and spatial stable isotope dataset. End member mixing analysis. Water import.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Einstein Stiftung Berlin http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006188
    Beschreibung: Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 34
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    Increased petrogenic and biospheric organic carbon burial in sub‐Antarctic fjord sediments in response to recent glacier retreat (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-30
    Beschreibung: Fjords are recognized as hotspots of organic carbon (OC) burial in the coastal ocean. In fjords with glaciated catchments, glacier discharge carries large amounts of suspended matter. This sedimentary load includes OC from bedrock and terrigenous sources (modern vegetation, peat, soil deposits), which is either buried in the fjord or remineralized during export, acting as a potential source of CO2 to the atmosphere. In sub‐Antarctic South Georgia, fjord‐terminating glaciers have been retreating during the past decades, likely as a response to changing climate conditions. We determine sources of OC in surface sediments of Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, using lipid biomarkers and the bulk 14C isotopic composition, and quantify OC burial at present and for the time period of documented glacier retreat (between 1958 and 2017). Petrogenic OC is the dominant type of OC in proximity to the present‐day calving fronts (60.4 ± 1.4% to 73.8 ± 2.6%) and decreases to 14.0 ± 2.7% outside the fjord, indicating that petrogenic OC is effectively buried in the fjord. Beside of marine OC, terrigenous OC comprises 2.7 ± 0.5% to 7.9 ± 5.9% and is mostly derived from modern plants and Holocene peat and soil deposits that are eroded along the flanks of the fjord, rather than released by the retreating fjord glaciers. We estimate that the retreat of tidewater glaciers between 1958 and 2017 led to an increase in petrogenic carbon accumulation of 22% in Cumberland West Bay and 6.5% in Cumberland East Bay, suggesting that successive glacier retreat does not only release petrogenic OC into the fjord, but also increases the capacity of OC burial.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:552 ; ddc:551.9
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 35
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    Temporal declines in Wadden Sea phytoplankton cell volumes observed within and across species (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-30
    Beschreibung: Cell size is a master trait in the functional ecology of phytoplankton correlating with numerous morphological, physiological, and life‐cycle characteristics of species that constrain their nutrient use, growth, and edibility. In contrast to well‐known spatial patterns in cell size at macroecological scales or temporal changes in experimental contexts, few data sets allow testing temporal changes in cell sizes within ecosystems. To analyze the temporal changes of intraspecific and community‐wide cell size, we use the phytoplankton data derived from the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea monitoring program, which comprises sample‐ and species‐specific measurements of cell volume from 1710 samples collected over 14 yr. We find significant reductions in both the cell volume of most species and the weighted mean cell size of communities. Mainly diatoms showed this decline, whereas the size of dinoflagellates seemed to be less responsive. The magnitude of the trend indicates that cell volumes are about 30% smaller now than a decade ago. This interannual trend is overlayed by seasonal cycles with smaller cells typically observed in summer. In the subset of samples including environmental conditions, small community cell size was strongly related to high temperatures and low total phosphorus concentration. We conclude that cell size captures ongoing changes in phytoplankton communities beyond the changes in species composition. In addition, based on the changes in species biovolumes revealed by our analysis, we warn that using standard cell size values in phytoplankton assessment will not only miss temporal changes in size, but also lead to systematic errors in biomass estimates over time.
    Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Interreg V A program Deutschland‐Nederland of the European Union
    Beschreibung: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010570
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799263
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579.8 ; ddc:577.2
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 36
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    Role of reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback in a simulated ground‐soil‐vegetation continuum: A long‐term regional scale analysis (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-24
    Beschreibung: The regional terrestrial water cycle is strongly altered by human activities. Among them, reservoir regulation is a way to spatially and temporally allocate water resources in a basin for multi‐purposes. However, it is still not sufficiently understood how reservoir regulation modifies the regional terrestrial‐ and subsequently, the atmospheric water cycle. To address this question, the representation of reservoir regulation into the terrestrial component of fully coupled regional Earth system models is required. In this study, an existing process‐based reservoir network module is implemented into NOAH‐HMS, that is, the terrestrial component of an atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system, namely, the WRF‐HMS. It allows to quantitatively differentiate role of reservoir regulation and of groundwater feedback in a simulated ground‐soil‐vegetation continuum. Our study focuses on the Poyang Lake basin, where the largest freshwater lake of China and reservoirs of different sizes are located. As compared to streamflow observations, the newly extended NOAH‐HMS slightly improves the streamflow and streamflow duration curves simulation for the Poyang Lake basin for the period 1979–1986. The inclusion of reservoir regulation leads to major changes in the simulated groundwater recharges and evaporation from reservoirs at local scale, but has minor effects on the simulated soil moisture and surface runoff at basin scale. The performed groundwater feedback sensitivity analysis shows that the strength of the groundwater feedback is not altered by the consideration of reservoir regulation. Furthermore, both reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback modify the partitioning of the simulated evapotranspiration, thus affecting the atmospheric water cycle in the Poyang Lake region. This finding motivates future research with our extended fully coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system by the community.
    Beschreibung: An existing process‐based reservoir network module is implemented into the terrestrial component NOAH‐HMS of the atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system WRF‐HMS. The inclusion of reservoir regulation leads to major changes in the simulated groundwater recharges and evaporation from reservoirs at local scale, but does not alter the strength of the groundwater feedback. Reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback play different roles in modifying the regional terrestrial water cycle for the Poyang Lake basin, particularly with respect to the partitioning of the simulated evapotranspiration.
    Beschreibung: German Federal Ministry of Science and Education
    Beschreibung: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: National Key R&D Program of China
    Beschreibung: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 37
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    Always ready? Primary production of Arctic phytoplankton at the end of the polar night (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-05
    Beschreibung: The end of the polar night with the concurrent onset of photosynthetic biomass production ultimately leads to the spring bloom, which represents the most important event of primary production for the Arctic marine ecosystem. This dataset shows, for the first time, significant in situ biomass accumulation during the dark–light transition in the high Arctic, as well as the earliest recorded positive net primary production rates together with constant chlorophyll a‐normalized potential for primary production through winter and spring. The results indicate a high physiological capacity to perform photosynthesis upon re‐illumination, which is in the same range as that observed during the spring bloom. Put in context with other data, the results of this study indicate that also active cells originating from the low winter standing stock in the water column, rather than solely resting stages from the sediment, can seed early spring bloom assemblages.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:579.8
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 38
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    Antecedent lake conditions shape resistance and resilience of a shallow lake ecosystem following extreme wind storms (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-09
    Beschreibung: Extreme wind storms can strongly influence short‐term variation in lake ecosystem functioning. Climate change is affecting storms by altering their frequency, duration, and intensity, which may have consequences for lake ecosystem resistance and resilience. However, catchment and lake processes are simultaneously affecting antecedent lake conditions which may shape the resistance and resilience landscape prior to storm exposure. To determine whether storm characteristics or antecedent lake conditions are more important for explaining variation in lake ecosystem resistance and resilience, we analyzed the effects of 25 extreme wind storms on various biological and physiochemical variables in a shallow lake. Using boosted regression trees to model observed variation in resistance and resilience, we found that antecedent lake conditions were more important (relative importance = 67%) than storm characteristics (relative importance = 33%) in explaining variation in lake ecosystem resistance and resilience. The most important antecedent lake conditions were turbidity, Schmidt stability, %O2 saturation, light conditions, and soluble reactive silica concentrations. We found that storm characteristics were all similar in their relative importance and results suggest that resistance and resilience decrease with increasing duration, mean precipitation, shear stress intensity, and time between storms. In addition, we found that antagonistic or opposing effects between the biological and physiochemical variables influence the overall resistance and resilience of the lake ecosystem under specific lake and storm conditions. The extent to which these results apply to the resistance and resilience of different lake ecosystems remains an important area for inquiry.
    Beschreibung: EU‐ITN MANTEL
    Beschreibung: Marie Sklodowska‐Curie
    Beschreibung: https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1002%2Flno.11859&file=lno11859-sup-0001-Supinfo1.docx
    Beschreibung: https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1002%2Flno.11859&file=lno11859-sup-0002-Supinfo2.docx
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:577.63 ; ddc:551.66
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 39
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    Optimization of some extraction parameters of phenolic content from apple peels and grape seeds and enrichment of yogurt by their powders: A comparative study (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45 (2). Art.-Nr.: e15126.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-07
    Beschreibung: The present study aims to valorize the apple peels (AP) and grape seeds (GS) by the fortification of the yogurts using their powder. Firstly, the optimization of the extraction parameters for assessing maximum of total phenolic content (TPC) was achieved. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental maximum yields of TPC were 19.33 ± 2.33 and 240.59 ± 4.77 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100 g Dry Weight (DW) for AP and GS, respectively, which was in close agreement with predicted values (19.32 ± 0.91 and 242.26 ± 11.08 mg GAE/100 g DW for AP and GS, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of GS extract was better with IC50 of 12.22 ± 0.89 and 225.47 ± 7.10 µg/ml in DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, respectively. Besides, powder from these by-products was incorporated into yogurt samples. The classification test revealed that the yogurt prepared with GS powder was the preferred one.
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  • 40
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    Pararhodospirillum (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-14
    Beschreibung: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).
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  • 41
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    Rhodocista (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-14
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).
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  • 42
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    Rhodopila (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-14
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).
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  • 43
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    Rhodoplanes (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-14
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).
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  • 44
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    Rhodopila (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).
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  • 45
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    Rhodospirillum (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-10.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, the rose Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Rhodospirillum The genus Rhodospirillum has harbored a diverse set of spiral-shaped phototrophic bacteria, most of which have been reclassified as species of other genera, families, and even orders and phyla since the 1980s. The heterogeneity has been long known, but only the faith into sequence-based information gave strong support for taxonomic rearrangements. Currently, the genus Rhodospirillum contains a single species, which is characterized by spiral-shaped cells, motility by bipolar flagella, and internal membranes as vesicles. It performs anaerobic photosynthesis, which is restricted to anoxic light conditions due to the oxygen-sensitive biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and thus the phototrophic apparatus. It can grow photoheterotrophically as well as photoautotrophically. The key enzyme of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) type-II, is well characterized and forms a homodimer that is also encoded in some related genera of Rhodospirillaceae. Chemotrophic growth may also occur under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark and anaerobically by fermentation. The genus comprises mesophilic freshwater bacteria. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units and fatty acids typical of other Alphaproteobacteria with C18:1, C16:0, and C16:1 as major components are present. DNA G + C content (mol%): 64.6–65.7, type 65.4 (genome analysis), 63.8–65.8 (Bd). Type species: Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrum Molisch 1907AL (basonym: Spirillum rubrum Esmarch 1887).
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  • 46
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    Rhodocista (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-8.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).
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  • 47
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    Rhodothalassiaceae (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-2.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the family; suff. -aceae, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiaceae, the family of Rhodothalassium. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae Cells are vibrioid to spiral shaped, are motile by means of polar flagella, and multiply by binary fission. They belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria and stain Gram-negative. An unusual protein-rich cell wall with only low amounts of peptidoglycan may be present. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major ubiquinone and menaquinone components are Q-10 and MK-10. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light but also may be possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark. Obligately halophilic bacteria that require NaCl or sea salt for growth. Habitats are anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to light. At present, the family includes a single genus. DNA G + C content of the type species and genus (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (genome analysis), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC analysis). Type genus: Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al. 1998VP.
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  • 48
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    Unbekannt
    Phaeospirillum (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Phae.o.spi.ril'lum. Gr. masc. adj. phaeos, brown; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Phaeospirillum, brown Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Phaeospirillum Phaeospirillum species are vibrioid to spiral shaped and motile Alphaproteobacteria. They are strictly anaerobic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with a reaction center and light-harvesting complexes located in the internal membrane stacks formed at a sharp angle with the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a esterified with phytol and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. They have a photoheterotrophic metabolism and depend on anoxic conditions for biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthesis. The preferred carbon substrates are fatty acids including longer chains up to pelargonate. The longer chain fatty acids provide a selective advantage for several of the species. Chemotrophic growth may be possible at controlled and very low oxygen tensions (〈1.5 kPa) in the dark. Ammonia and dinitrogen serve as nitrogen sources. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is present. Growth factors may be required. Phaeospirillum species are mesophilic freshwater bacteria with a preference for neutral pH that live in stagnant and anoxic freshwater habitats. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.5–65.3 (Bd), 62.1–62.8 (Tm), 61.5–64.7 (WGS). Type species: Phaeospirillum (Phs.) fulvum Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum fulvum van Niel 1944AL).
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  • 49
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    Rhodothalassiales (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a'les. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the order; suff. -ales, ending denoting an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiales, the Rhodothalassium order. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales The order currently comprises a single family and genus, which is characterized by halophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria having spiral-shaped cells and containing lamellar photosynthetic membranes. The properties of the order are determined by the characteristics of the Rhodothalassiaceae family.
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  • 50
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    Rhodothalassium (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.tha.las'si.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; Gr. masc. adj. thalassios, belonging to the sea; N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, the rose belonging to the sea. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae / Rhodothalassium The genus Rhodothalassium is represented by a single species and is the only genus of the Rhodothalassiaceae family and Rhodothalassiales order. It is characterized by vibrioid- to spiral-shaped cells which multiply by binary fission and are motile by means of flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Ubiquinones and menaquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and MK-10) are present. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Most strains also grow chemoorganotrophically under oxic conditions in the dark. Rhodothalassium species are obligately halophilic, require NaCl or sea salt for growth, and live in anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to the light. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (WGS), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC). Type species: Rhodothalassium salexigens Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum salexigens Drews 1981, VL9).
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  • 51
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    Rhodoplanes (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-12.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).
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  • 52
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    Pararhodospirillum (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).
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  • 53
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    Roseospira (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Ro.se.o.spi'ra. L. masc. adj. roseus, rosy; Gr. fem. n. spira, the spiral; N.L. fem. n. Roseospira the rosy spiral. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Roseospira Roseospira species are vibrioid to spiral shaped, anoxygenic, and phototrophic bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family that live in various types of marine and slightly saline habitats all over the world. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, and internal photosynthetic membranes are present as vesicles. They perform a phototrophic way of life using organic substrates (photoheterotrophic growth) or inorganic reduced sulfur compounds (photoautotrophic growth) as electron donors for photosynthesis. Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis depends on anoxic to microoxic conditions, and chemotrophic growth is possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the light. Nitrogenase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase may be present. Vitamins or yeast extracts are required as growth factors. The G + C content of the DNA is 67.8–71.2 (GA), and the genome size ranges from 4.19 to 4.61 Mb. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.8–71.2 (GA) (type species 66.6 Tm). Type species: Roseospira mediosalina Imhoff et al. 1998VP (synonym: “Rhodospirillum mediosalinum” Kompantseva and Gorlenko 1984).
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  • 54
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    Droht der Menschheit Atemnot? (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Sauerstoff ist lebenswichtig. Wälder produzieren ihn, sind aber stark bedroht. Die Auswirkungen auf das Lebenselixier von Mensch und Tier ist erstaunlich gering – ein anderes Problem umso gravierender.
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  • 55
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    Die neue Verwirrung um das 1,5-Grad-Ziel (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Ein australisches Expertengremium erklärt das 1,5-Grad-Ziel des Klimaabkommens für Paris für gescheitert. Das Limit sei nicht mehr zu halten. Doch die Faktenlage ist differenzierter.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 56
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    Achtung, Wetterstörung! (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Das Wetter verändert sich durch den Klimawandel auf überraschende Weise: Es wird nicht einfach nur wärmer, sondern zwischendurch auch mal deutlich kälter. So wie aktuell in Teilen Europas und Amerikas.
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  • 57
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    Wie der Klimawandel mit den Überschwemmungen zusammenhängt (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Sind die extremen Regenfälle Wetterphänomene – oder doch Klima? Forscher haben die Zunahme solcher Ereignisse schon vor 30 Jahren als Folge von Erderwärmung prognostiziert. Inzwischen belegen Messdaten den Zusammenhang.
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  • 58
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    Kann man der Wissenschaft glauben? (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Die Wissenschaften spielen eine immer wichtigere Rolle in unserer komplexen Welt. Wie man erkennen kann, welche Experten vertrauenswürdig sind – und welche nicht.
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  • 59
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    Was der neue Bericht des Weltklimarats für uns bedeutet (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Steigende Meeresspiegel, häufigere Wetterextreme – mehr als 200 Fachleute haben die Lage des Klimas auf der Erde analysiert. Was uns in den kommenden Jahren bevorsteht – und worauf es jetzt ankommt.
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  • 60
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    Die Gefahr alarmistischer Klimaschlagzeilen (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Dramatisch übertriebene Berichte über Forschungsergebnisse können Resignation auslösen. Ein aktuelles Beispiel machte wieder Schlagzeilen – dabei war die Methode wenig aussagekräftig.
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  • 61
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    Warum der unaufhaltsame Anstieg der Emissionen ein Ende hat (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Eine Nachricht, deren Symbolwert kaum größer sein könnte, ist diese Woche beinahe untergegangen: Der CO2-Ausstoß tut nicht mehr das, was er seit Jahrzehnten tut – er steigt nicht mehr.
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  • 62
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    Wie Holz gegen die Erderhitzung helfen kann (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Um die Klimakrise in den Griff zu bekommen, werden wir Kohlenstoff aus der Atmosphäre entfernen und speichern müssen. Wird vermehrt mit Holz gebaut, könnten Städte zu regelrechten Kohlenstoffspeichern werden.
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  • 63
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    Entscheidende Klimawahl, bizarrer Wahlkampf (2021)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Eine ernsthafte Debatte über die Klimapolitik findet im Wahlkampf kaum statt. Dabei starten wir jetzt in die klimapolitisch wichtigste Legislaturperiode. Auf diese drei Instrumente kommt es jetzt an.
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  • 64
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    Rhodomicrobium (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-14
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; Gr. masc. adj. micros small; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Rhodomicrobium red microbe. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodomicrobium Most characteristic for Rhodomicrobium species is the polar cell growth and the characteristic vegetative growth cycle which includes the formation of peritrichously flagellated swarmer cells and nonmotile “mother cells,” which form prosthecae from one to several times the length of the mother cell. Daughter cells originate as spherical buds at the end of the prosthecae and may undergo differentiation in various ways. They are Gram-negative ovoid to elongate-ovoid bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. Internal photosynthetic membranes are of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The predominant cellular fatty acid is C18:1, which comprises more than 80% of the membrane-bound fatty acids. Ubiquinone and rhodoquinone with 10 isoprene units are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a glucosamine-containing, phosphate-free lipid A with amide-bound C16:0 3 OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 61.8–63.8. Type species: Rhodomicrobium vannielii Duchow and Douglas 1949.
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  • 65
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    Blastochloris (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiales Hyphomicrobiaceae Blas.to.chlo'ris. Gr. masc. n. blastos bud shoot; Gr. masc. adj. chloros green; N.L. fem. n. Blastochloris green bud shoot. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Blastochloris Blastochloris species are anoxygenic phototrophic Alphaproteobacteria that have bacteriochlorophyll b in their photosynthetic reaction centers. Crystals of the photosynthetic reaction centers of Blastochloris viridis were the first that have been studied in high-resolution structure analysis at 3 Å resolution. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying and parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells are rod shaped to ovoid and exhibit polar growth, budding, and asymmetric cell division and form rosette-like cell aggregates. They are motile by means of subpolar flagella and stain Gram-negative. Straight-chain monounsaturated C18:1 is the predominant component of cellular fatty acids. Ubiquinones and menaquinones are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a 2,3-diamino-2,3-deoxy-d-glucose (DAG)-containing, phosphate-free lipid A with amide-bound C14:0 3OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 63.8–68.3. Type species: Blastochloris viridis (Drews and Giesbrecht 1966) Hiraishi 1997 (Rhodopseudomonas viridis Drews and Giesbrecht 1966).
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  • 66
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    Rhodomicrobium (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB). , ed. by Brenner, D. J., Krieg, N. R. and Staley, J. T. Wiley, New York, USA, pp. 506-507. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-17
    Beschreibung: Rho.do.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; Gr. masc. adj. micros small; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Rhodomicrobium red microbe. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodomicrobium Most characteristic for Rhodomicrobium species is the polar cell growth and the characteristic vegetative growth cycle which includes the formation of peritrichously flagellated swarmer cells and nonmotile “mother cells,” which form prosthecae from one to several times the length of the mother cell. Daughter cells originate as spherical buds at the end of the prosthecae and may undergo differentiation in various ways. They are Gram‐negative ovoid to elongate‐ovoid bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. Internal photosynthetic membranes are of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The predominant cellular fatty acid is C18:1, which comprises more than 80% of the membrane‐bound fatty acids. Ubiquinone and rhodoquinone with 10 isoprene units are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a glucosamine‐containing, phosphate‐free lipid A with amide‐bound C16:0 3 OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 61.8–63.8. Type species: Rhodomicrobium vannielii Duchow and Douglas 1949.
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  • 67
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    Fünf Desinformations-Tricks, die jeder kennen sollte (2020)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Covid-19 ist nicht schlimmer als die normale Grippe? Bill Gates hat die Coronakrise erfunden? Die Leugner wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse verwenden immer wieder dieselben Methoden, um ihr Laienpublikum zu verführen.
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  • 68
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    Wie gut ist das neue Klimaziel der EU-Kommission? (2020)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Um gute von schlechter Klimapolitik zu unterscheiden, muss man auf das Emissionsbudget schauen. Vorstellen kann man sich das wie ein Bankguthaben. Was dahintersteckt.
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  • 69
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    Warum zwei Grad Erderwärmung zu viel sind (2020)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Seit mehr als zehn Jahren wird international debattiert, ob die Erderwärmung bei 1,5 oder 2 Grad gestoppt werden soll. Aber kommt es überhaupt auf ein halbes Grad an?
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  • 70
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    Das Golfstromsystem macht schlapp (2020)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  SPIEGEL Online : Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Mehr Brände, Hitzewellen und Niederschläge - viele Vorhersagen der Klimaforschung sind Realität geworden. Nun könnte auch die lang befürchtete Golfstromsystem-Abschwächung eintreffen, mit Folgen für Europa.
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  • 71
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    Was bringt 2021 für das Klima? (2020)
    SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
    In:  Spiegel Online: Wissenschaft
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Die Corona-Pandemie verschaffte der Erde eine scheinbare CO₂-Verschnaufpause. Aber ist sie nachhaltig? Was muss die internationale Klimapolitik erreichen, was Deutschland tun? Unser Ausblick auf das Klimajahr 2021.
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  • 72
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    Global oceanic iron distribution estimated by dynamic interpolation (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-24
    Beschreibung: The availability of dissolved iron (dFe) exerts an important control on primary production. Recent ocean observation programs have provided information on dFe in many parts of the ocean, but knowledge is still limited concerning the rates of processes that control the concentrations and cycling of dFe in the ocean and hence the role of dFe as a determinant of global primary production. We constructed a three-dimensional gridded dataset of oceanic dFe concentrations by using both observations and a simple model of the iron cycle, and estimated the difference of processes among the ocean basins in controlling the dFe distributions. A Green's function approach was used to integrate the observations and the model. The reproduced three-dimensional dFe distribution indicated that iron influx from aeolian dust and from shelf sediment were 7.6 Gmol yr and 4.4 Gmol yr in the Atlantic Ocean and 0.4 Gmol yr and 4.1 Gmol yr in the Pacific Ocean. The residence times were estimated to be 12.2 years in the Atlantic and 80.4 years in the Pacific. These estimates imply large differences in the cycling of dFe between the two ocean basins that would need to be taken into consideration when projecting future iron biogeochemical cycling under different climate change scenarios. Although there is some uncertainty in our estimates, global estimates of iron cycle characteristics based on this approach can be expected to enhance our understanding of the material cycle and hence of the current and future rates of marine primary production.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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