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  • Chemistry  (23,862)
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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (919)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (26,613)
  • Lagos (Nigeria)  (10)
  • Moss Landing, CA  (8)
  • 2020-2022  (18)
  • 1965-1969  (26,613)
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  • 1
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23422 | 19325 | 2018-04-25 19:24:46 | 23422 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Tilapia guineensis eggs were spawned and hatched in different salinities (17, 12, 7, 5, 2 and 0) ppt. The study was conducted in eight replicates. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain disparity in hatching size of Tilapia guineensis attributable to salinity. Immediately hatching was observed, body weight of five hatchlings in each replicate was individually weighed in milligramme. The individual total length of the five hatchlings was also measured in millimeter. The height of the yolk sac larva was determined with micro-metre screw gauge graduated in millimeter from the top of the yolk sac to the dorsal region of the larva. Data obtained were used to calculate yolk sac volume. Significant differences (P〈0.01) were observed in body weight and total length of larvae hatched in different salinities. The heaviest and longest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. The yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than the yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The smallest yolk sac volume was recorded in 12ppt saline water. Our findings show that salinity could be manipulated for economic production of heavier seeds of Tilapia.
    Description: Includes:- 5 tables.;6 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; brackishwater environment ; Salinity effects ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 51-55
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  • 2
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23440 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:25:12 | 23440 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physical and chemical parameters of ABU Dam and Zaria Dam were carried out between September and October 2009. The results obtained in the two water bodies were temperature 27.7 0C, pH (7.5 and 7.3), dissolved oxygen (5.8 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (1.74 mg/l and 2. 16 mg/l), alkalinity (58 mg CaC03/l and 49 mgCaCO3/l) P04-P (2.47 mg/l and 1.59 mg/l) NO3-N (3.67 mg/l and 3.47 mg/l), conductivity (54.70 ~ks-1 and 42.48 ~ks-1), total hydrocarbon (TH) (47.66 mg/l) and 48.00 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (32.68 mg/l and 25.35 mg/l) respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean values of the parameters (P〉0.05) except conductivity and total dissolved solids. The water bodies were found to be neutral with high conductivity. All the properties in the water bodies were in conformity with international standards both for drinking and aquatic life.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Zaria Dam ; Nigeria ; ABU Dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 144-146
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  • 3
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23442 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:28:15 | 23442 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: In recent times there has been an upsurge in the culture of Tilapia in Nigeria resulting in increased demand for the fingerlings which is hardly satisfied. This is due to increasing demand for table size tilapia as food fish and under-sized tilapia in the fish meal and fish canning industries in Nigeria. Collection of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings from the wild, to augment hatchery production, has been the practice and this is subject to environmental fluctuations. Multivariate regression and correlation analyses of accumulated data were used to investigate the effects of changes in water quality parameters on abundance of fingerlings of Tilapia guineensis in a brackishwater habitat in Lagos. Dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity and secchi transparency were found to be the most dominant factors affecting the abundance of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings in the Lagos lagoon. Peak period of abundance was closely associated with period of low salinity (0.50%o to 5.60%o), which coincided with the period of low transparency and low DO in the rainy season. The correlation analyses of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings with the water quality parameters yielded the following correlation coefficients (r)- 0.598; (salinity); -0.644 (transparency); -0.710 (DO); -0.566; (temperature) and 0.129 (pH). The abundance of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings in the Lagoon was ultimately defined by a suitable regression equation. This result is expected to optimize the collection of fingerlings of Tilapia guineensis from the wild and boost food fish security in Nigeria and elsewhere.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;1 fig.;( refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; Port Harcourt ; brackishwater environment ; Water quality ; Fingerlings ; Chemical properties ; Physicochemical properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 153-157
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  • 4
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23445 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:32:33 | 23445 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Spatial and temporal variations of physico-chemical variables of Onu-Iyi ?Ukwu stream were studied for 12 months from March 2005 to February 2006. Three sampling stations were established along the main stream channel from source to mouth. Spatial variation in physico-chemical parameters indicated that total alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity, and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3) recorded their highest values at the upper reaches (with values 14.0mg/l, 88.09mg/l, 17.00~kscmiscm, and 0.60mg/l respectively). Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH had their maximum values of 8.20mg/l and 6.94 at the middle reaches. Turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), temperature and phosphate-phosphorus (PO4) increased steadily from source to mouth. The observed seasonal variation indicated that wet season values were higher for all the parameters except temperature, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus (PO4) and total alkalinity although the values were not statistically significant at p〉0.05. The correlation coefficient (r) showed no significant relationships p〈0.05 between physico-chemical parameters except DO and BOD with correlation values of (0.75 and -0.54) respectively.
    Description: includes:- 2 tables.;1 fig.;17 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Onu-Iyi-Uku Stream ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Phosphates ; Phosphorus ; Turbidity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 174-180
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  • 5
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23449 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:39:20 | 23449 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physico-chemical parameters of Bosso Dam were analyzed weekly for a period of six (6) weeks from 29th October, 2009. In all, six (6) stations were identified within the dam. The physico-chemical parameters assessed were: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, conductivity and transparency. The results obtained from the analysis revealed slight variations in most parameters. There was no significant difference p〉0.05 in pH regardless of stations and weeks. But significant difference p〉0.05 were observed in dissolved oxygen, nitrate, temperature, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand, transparency, in respect regard to stations. These variations could be due to influx of organic waste from surface run offs and inorganic waste deposited by man. The physico-chemical parameters observed, indicated that most of them fall with the recommended range or standard by the Federal Ministry of Environment
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;10 figs.;18 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Bosso dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Chemical properties ; Physical properties ; Water properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 196-214
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  • 6
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24590 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:05:58 | 24590 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The water analysis of five selected ponds in Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State, was carried out to determine their suitability for fish culture. Pa rameters analyzed were: Temperature, Turbidity, Carbon (IV) oxide, Alkalinity, Hardness, pH and Dissolved oxygen. Values for temperature ranged between 20.0~'C and 29.0~'C, Turbidity values were between 46.0-50.2cm, Carbon (IV) oxide: 11.5-12.2mg/litre; alkalinity: 100-120mg/liter; hardness: 110-200mg/litre; pH: 6.8-7.8 and dissolved oxygen: 5.8-6.8mg/liter. The values obtained were found to be within acceptable range for fish production.
    Description: Includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Physico-chemical parameter ; Fish pond ; Ado-Ekiti ; Fish production ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Format: 97-100
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  • 7
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24618 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:12:36 | 24618 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: One of the priority research projects of the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR) is broodstock development and mass propagation of silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus of which the broodstock is naturally abundant in New Gala River. Selected physical characteristics and water physico-chemical parameters of the upper reach of the New Calabar River at Aluu were investigated. The highest depth value of 9.20 m was recorded in the middle of the river. The width of the river measured during spring high tide and low tide were 174 m and 110 m respectively. The cross-sectional area and average flow velocity of the river were 797.13 m2 and 0.374 m/s respectively. The discharge of the river was computed as 298.13m3/s. The river water was acidic most of the period (Hydrogen ion concentration, pH: 5.12 to 7.43), with low total alkalinity values (4.00 to 12.00 mgCaCO3/L) and low total hardness values (11.5 to 51.2 mgCaCO3/L) which indicate that the river water is black and soft. There was significant (p~,0.05) seasonal variation in temperature (23.1 to 31.7~'C\}, Secchi transparency (9.30 to 19.00 cm), total hardness (11.5 to 51.2 mgCaCO3/L), dissolved oxygen (5.20 to 7.50 mg/L) and dissolved oxygen deficit (0.02 to 2.95mg/L). These results are useful for several stake holders who use the river as a sink for trade wastes, as source of water for fish farming, as source of broodstocks of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, as raw water for water treatment plants, and as means of transportation of industrial materials.
    Description: Includes: 16 references.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ; Nigeria ; New Calabar River ; New calabar River ; Physical characteristics and physico-chemical features ; Seasonal variation ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 206-210
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  • 8
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24619 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:14:16 | 24619 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Eight month physicochemical study of Dadin Kowa Dam was carried out forthnightly from July, 2011 to february 2012. Air temperature ranged from 18.25~'C ~c 28~'C ~c 0.50 to 28~'C ~c 2.16. Water tmperature ranged from 18.75~'C ~c 2.21. Transparency ranged from 11.00cm ~c 1.83 to 29.63 cm ~c ~c 2.14. Conductivity ranged from 13.00~Ks/cm ~c 13.33 to 41.38~Ks/cm ~c 5.54. Hydrogen ion (pH) ranged from 6.69 ~c 1.03 to 8.39 ~c 1.17. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.39mg/l ~c 1.03 to 10.14mg/l ~c 1.17. Total alkalinity ranged from o.69mg/l ~c 0.38 1.34mb/l ~c 0.02. Total ammonia ranged from 0.20mg/l ~c 0.027 to 0.83mg/l ~c 0.05. There were various levels of correlation between these parameters. There was no significant difference between both sites and months (p〉0.05) of all the parameters except total nitrogen which show a significant difference between the sites (p〈0.05) and transparency also shows a significance between the months (p〈0.05). All physicochemical parameters were almost within the tolerable limits for supporting aquatic life.
    Description: Includes: 27 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Dadin Kowa Dam ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Fish production ; Dadin Kowa Dam ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 211-213
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  • 9
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23460 | 19325 | 2018-05-05 12:31:34 | 23460 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The morphometric characters of Cynothrissa mento from three major Lagoons (Ologe, Badagry and Epe) in Lagos, Nigeria were compared to assess the possibility of this fish species from the three Lagoons belonging to the same sub-population. The length-weight relationships (LWR), and condition factors (CF) of the fish were also described as well as the physico-chemical parameters of the three water bodies. The study was conducted between May, 2009 and April, 2010 and monthly sampling of fish and water was done in each sampling site. Seven7 physico-chemical parameters were assessed and these are; temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and total hardness. A total of 294 specimens (Ologe 60, Badagry 174 and Epe 60) of C. mento were collected from the landings of the local fisher folks from the sampling sites. Seven morphometric characters; total length (TL), standard length (SL), body depth (BD), head length (HL), head depth (HD), eye diameter (ED) and interorbital width (IW) were measured. There was no significant difference (p 〉 0.05) in all the physico-chemical parameters measured among the sampling sites except pH. Coefficient of difference revealed that the C. mento from the three lagoons are uniform in all the morphometric parameters examined, which means that the specimens from the three sampling sites do not belong to different sub-populations. The growth coefficient/slope (b) values obtained for the fish species from the sampling sites ranged from 2.27 - 2.53, and differed significantly (p 〈 0.05) from 3, which indicates that most of the fish species have negative algometric growth.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;1 fig.;24 refs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Cynothrissa mento ; Nigeria ; Ologe Lagoon ; Nigeria ; Badagry Lagoon ; Nigeria Epe Lagoon ; marine environment ; Population dynamics ; Morphometry ; Check lists ; Length-weight relationships ; Condition factor ; Physicochemical properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 272-278
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  • 10
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24638 | 19325 | 2018-05-24 09:36:38 | 24638 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Study of some Physico-chemical parameters and fish species composition of Doma Darn was carried out between the month of August 2012. Fishing communities along the dam were selected at sampling stations and collection of fish species. The values of physico-parameters obtained for stations were in the range of 28.10-92 m for depth, 27.70-28.48~'for temperature, 7.03-7.64 for PH, 7.23-7.64mg/l for dissolved oxygen (DO), 30.08-31.75 ntu for turbidity, 94.64-105.17mg/l for alkalinity and 79.17-80.58mg/l for total hardness. The result indicated that there was significant difference (p〈0.5)for depth, temperature turbidity and alkalinity, while there was no significant difference (p〈0.05) for DO, pH and water hardness among the stations. The result of these parameters among the duration shows that there was significant different (p〈0.05) in all the parameters except pH. The study revealed that there were twenty-five (25) fish species belonging to 12 families in the dam. The family Cichlidae and Mochokidae and Bagridae which has three each, While the family, Polypteridae, Channidae, Centropomidae, flepsetidae and Protopteridae has the lowest number of one (1) each. The overall result revealed that the Phvsico-chemical parameters were mostly influenced by duration and not much by stations; and parametersoaram measured were within the recommended water quality requirement for growth and survival of aquatic organisms.
    Description: Includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Nigeria ; Doma Dam ; Doma Dam ; Fishing community ; Physico-chemical parameter ; Fish species ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Format: 295-297
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  • 11
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    Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1974 | 8 | 2015-04-29 21:12:20 | 1974
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: The instrument described in this report is an updated version of the high precision, automated Winkler titration system described by Friederich et al.(1984). The original instrument was based on the work of Bryan et al. (1976) who developed a colorimetric endpointdetector and on the work of Williams and Jenkinson (1982) who produced an automated system that used this detector.The goals of our updated version of the device described by Friederich et al. (1984) were as follows:1) Move control of the system to the MS-DOS environment because HP-85 computers are no longer in production and because more user-friendly programs could be written using the IBM XT or AT computers that control the new device.2) Use more "off the shelf" components and reduce the parts count in the new system so that it could be easily constructed and maintained.This report describes how to construct and use the new automated Winkler titration device. It also includes information on the chemistry of the Winkler titration, and detailed instructions on how to prepare reagents, collect samples, standardize and perform the titrations (Appendix I: Codispoti, L.A. 1991 On the determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water, 15pp.). A disk containing the program needed to operate the new device is also included. (pdf contains 33 pages)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Winkler titration ; dissolved oxygen
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 12
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    Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1972 | 8 | 2015-04-29 21:13:18 | 1972
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This report contains inorganic nutrient chemistry, sulfide and oxygen data collected during cruises 2 through 5 of the 1988 Black Sea Oceanographic Expedition aboard the R/V Knorr. Continuous nutrient and sulfide data were obtained in the upper 375 m using a pumped profiling system. Discrete samples were collected from rosette-CTD casts. The corresponding physical oceanographic data have been presented by White et al. (1989). Although all of the data reported has been edited at least twice, errors may remain. We encourage queries and plan to distribute updates on electronic media if there are any non-trivial changes.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; inorganic nutrient chemistry ; sulfide data ; oxygen data ; Black Sea ; Knorr/RV
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    Type: monograph
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  • 13
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    Moss Landing Marine Laboratories of the California State Colleges | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/925 | 8 | 2020-08-24 03:56:00 | 925 | Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Document has 204 pages.Harville is editor
    Description: Kaiser Refractories
    Description: Office of Sea Grant Programs - NOAA
    Description: Moss Landing Marine Labs
    Description: Grant No. GH-94
    Keywords: Pollution ; Biology ; Earth Sciences ; Environment ; Chemistry ; Moss Landing ; Monterey Bay ; California ; Kaiser effluent ; Moro Cojo Slough ; outfall
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 14
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    Moss Landing Marine Laboratories | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1155 | 8 | 2011-09-29 21:02:35 | 1155 | Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: In October 1970, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories began an observational program to determine/the seasonal changes in the water chemistry of Elkhorn Slough and Moss Landing Harbor. This data report contains the first year of data (October 1970 - November 1971). These data are of immediate interest in determining the flushing and mixing mechanisms ofthe slough and in establishing the effect that local domestic and industrial effluents have on the distribution of these chemical parameters. (Document contains 78 Pages)
    Description: Office of Sea Grant Programs
    Description: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Description: Department of Commerce
    Description: Document has 78 pages.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Pollution ; Earth Sciences ; Environment ; Chemistry ; Elkhorn Slough ; Moss Landing Harbor
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    Type: monograph
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  • 15
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    Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1971 | 8 | 2011-09-29 19:52:50 | 1971
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This report documents the methods used at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) for analyzing seawater nutrient samples with an Alpkem Series 300 Rapid Flow Analyzer (RFA) system. The methods have been optimized for the particular requirements of this laboratory.The RFA system has been used to analyze approximately 20,000 samples during the past two years. The methods have been optimized to run nutrient analyses in a routine manner with a detection limit of better than -±1% and a within run precision of -±1% of the full scale concentration range. The normal concentration ranges are 0-200 ~M silicate, 0-5 ~M phosphate, 0-50 ~M nitrate, 0-3 ~M nitrite, and 0-10 ~M ammonium.The memorandum is designed to be used in a loose-leaf binder format. Each page is dated and as revisions are made, they should be inserted into the binder. The revisions should be added into the binder. Retain the old versions in order to maintain a historical record of the procedures. (88 pages)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; seawater nutrient analysis ; Rapid Flow Analyzer
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  • 16
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    Moss Landing Marine Laboratories | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2649 | 8 | 2011-09-29 18:44:12 | 2649 | Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: In July 1974 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories began the continuationof the bi-weekly hydrographic observations in Monterey Bay.From 1951 to this date, these stations were sampled by personnel at Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove.Small changes were made in the sampling routine: 1) to facilitate squid (Loligo opa1escens) studies, our observations were made at night, and 2) stations 1125 and 1154 are sampled in addition to five stations originally used by Hopkins Marine Station (2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, and 2205). These additional stations will provide importantdata of the nearshore environment. PDF contains 86 pages)
    Description: State of California, Marine Research Committee, California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations
    Description: Office of Seagrant, Noational Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, Department of Commerce
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Fisheries ; Chemistry ; Monterey Bay ; CalCofi ; Hydrographic data
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 17
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    Moss Landing Marine Laboratories | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2651 | 8 | 2011-09-29 18:44:17 | 2651 | Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The data contained in this report were obtained as a continuance of the nearly bi-weekly hydrographic observations initiated by personnel at Hopkins Marine Station over two decades ago. These observations have been supported through the years by the State of California Marine Research Committee, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations. Since July 1974, the hydrographic sampling program has been carried out by the investigators at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. From July 1974 to June 1976, this work was done in conjunction with an interdisciplinary study of the squid, Loligo opalescens, supported by the National Office of Sea Grant 'via the University of California Sea Grant College Project Number R/F-15. Five of the original CalCOFI stations (2201, 2202, 2203, 2204 and 2205) have been-retained in our sampling routine and additional inner-bay stations have been added (1154 and 1121) Sampling was conducted on a monthly basis for the entire year. All observations were made ab9ard R/V OCONOSTOTA. (PDF contains 93 pages)
    Description: State of California, Marine Research Committee, California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Chemistry ; Monterey Bay ; CalCofi ; Hydrographic Data
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  • 18
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    Moss Landing Marine Laboratories | Moss Landing, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1238 | 8 | 2011-09-29 20:54:50 | 1238 | Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Air flow at the land-sea-air interface influences to a large extent the atmospheric conditions that determine the transport, di lution, and trapping of natural and man-made air pollutants in the coastal areas of Monterey Bay and the Salinas Valley. Analysis of the hourly air flow on a daily and monthly basis indicates patterns of stagnation from midnight to noon of the fol lowing day with moderate to strong air flow during period 1300 to 2200. Throughout the year 1971 whenever flow is greater than 5 mph, the prevailing wind direction is onshore and from a westerly direction. Suggestions for urbanization and industrialization are made on the basis of an understanding of the atmospheric conditions which lead to trapping and dispersal of atmospheric waste. (27 page document)
    Description: Office of Sea Grant Programs
    Description: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Description: Department of Commerce
    Description: Contributions from the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories No. 29
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Pollution ; Air Pollution ; Monterey Bay ; Salinas Valley
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    Type: monograph
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 21-27 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An increase in temperature causes an increase in the amplitudes of intramolecular and intermolecular motions and mainfests itself as an increase in the effective radii of the various atoms, especially hydrogen atoms. If one uses a Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential function to account for nonbonded interactions, this increase in the radius of the hydrogen atom is equivalent to a modification of the coefficient of the repulsive part of the Lennard-Jones potential. Accordingly, this effect of increasing temperature on the helix sense of several polyamino acids is computed by allowing the effective radius of the hydrogen atom to increase. It is found that the preferred sense of several polyamino acid helices changes from right- to left-handed as the temperature is increased. This accounts for recent experimental observations of changes in helix sense with temperature.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 57-68 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiometric titrations and some complementary optical rotation data are presented for solutions of poly(L- glutamic acid) (PGA) in several H2O-ethanol mixtures. The data allow the determination of the intrinsic pK (pK0), slope of the apparent. pK (pKapp), versus degree of ionization curves and of the enthalpy of ionization as a function of ethanol concentration. The variation of the degree of ionization at which the helix-coil transformation occurs with ethanol and temperature is also determined. Finally free energy, enthalpy, and intropy changes associated with the helix-coil transformation for the uncharged conformers are determined from the titration curves. The effect of the ethanol is to increase the stability of the helical conformation of PGA for both the charged and the uncharged forms of the polymer. The stabilization of the uncharged helix is essentially an entropic effect.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 91-99 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared spectra of polypeptides were measured in the region of 1800-400 cm-1. For the α-helical form, disordered form, and antiparallel-chain β-form, amide V band- arising from N-H out-of-plane bending models were observed at 610-620, around 650, and 700-705 cm-1, respectively, and amide V′ bands arising from N-D out-of-plane bending modes were observed at 455-465, around 510, and a 515-530 cm-1, respectively. These correlations are useful for conformation diagnoses, particularly for copolyamino-acids or proteins which are not oriented. The nature of low-frequency amide bands are discussed with reference to potential energy distributions calculated for the α-helical form and β form.
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  • 23
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    Notes: Some experimental data are given on the infrared spectra between 3300 and 3500 cm-1 of dilute solutions in carbon tetrachloride of three types of model compounds: CH3-CONH-CH(R1)-CONH(R2), (I); CH3-CON(CH3)-CH(R1)-CONH(R2), (II) and CH3-CONH-CH(R1)-CON(R2)2, (III). In studying the N-H stretching bands, it was found that there are two types of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these molecules; these result in two different cyclized conformations, C5 and C7, which contain respectively, five and seven atoms in the ring. By using model substances I, II, and III, in which the nitrogen atoms are unequally substituted, it is possible to identify the N-H stretching bands which are to be ascribed to the N-H oscillators included in the two different chelated conformations. It is found also that the stretching frequency of a free N-H oscillator depends upon the substituent on the nitrogen atom. Thus, it is possible to observe, with some of the model compounds I, four different absorption bands located at 3340, 3420, 3440, and 3460 cm-1. The first two are ascribed to the N-H oscillators included in the H—bonds which lock the C7 and C5 conformations; the last two correspond to free N-H which differ with the substituent on the nitrogen atom.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 153-155 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 207-213 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular orbital calculations of the extended Hückel type have been used to study the conformations of glycyl and alanyl residues in ground and excited states. The ground-state surfaces show features similar to those obtained with the standard calculational methods in which the total energy is partitioned into components such as torsions, nonbonded and electrostatic interactions. The molecular orbital calculations provide the first independent theoretical check on such calculations. The excited-state surfaces, Uniquely available from the molecular orbital calculations, exhibit a better definition and sharpening of potential minima in the sterically allowed regions.
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    Notes: We derive equations for calculating the number-, weight-, and z-average lengths between single-strand breaks in DNA molecules. Provision is made for the existence of preformed breaks under genetic control: these are assumed to be fixed in number in each molecule, but may be variable in position. Breaks due to random degradation may be superimposed on the pre-existing breaks. An example is given for illustrative purposes.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 223-239 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation in solution of fractionated 30 S and 19 S ribosomal RNA from rabbit reticulocytes has been studied by optical rotatory dispersion, analysis of thermal melting profiles and their derivatives, and spectrophotometric acid-base titration. From a consideration of the limitations of these methods, it has been possible to set limiting values on the degree of base-pairing and the lengths of the double helices: between 60 and 80% of the bases in 19 S and 30 S RNA are estimated to be paired. The paired segments are not shorter than 4 base pairs, and evidence from other sources is available which indicates that they are not longer than 8-16 base pairs. The spread of helix lengths is greater in the 30 S than in 19 S RNA; and other differences are noted. Several distinct populations of double helices, differing in their thermal stability, are present. Estimates are presented from spectrophotometric and titration data for the base compositions of the paired and unpaired regions.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 251-263 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A small perturbation analysis is carried out to determine the stability of a fluid containing two layers of diffusing solutes in a common solvent and acted upon by a uniform gravitational field. It is found that instability can arise even though the unperturbed diffusion does not lead to the formation of a density inversion within the fluid.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 475-493 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of denaturation of DNA have been studied by relaxation techniques. Examination of the terminal relaxation times for a variety of DNA's under a variety of conditions has shown that DNA denaturation is principally a hydrodynamically limited process. Measurements within the helix-coil transition have demonstrated that the experimentally measured terminal relaxation times are a function of the following: (1) position in the helix-coil transition; (2) ionic strength of the solvent; (3) solvent viscosity; (4) DNA concentration; (5) molecular weight; (6) number and position of single-strand breaks. The dependence of the terminal relaxation time on the above mentioned factors can be attributed to hydrodynamic effects. Thus a hydrodynamic model for DNA unwinding is required. The model which best fits the data involves the assumption of a rotational frictional coefficient independent of molecular weight. This assumption is suggested by the fact that the relaxation time is proportional to the first power of the molecular weight.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 495-502 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium counterion association with partially neutralized poly(D-glutamic acid) or poly(DL-glutamic acid) was measured by use of Wall's transference method with radioactive sodium. In the region where both polyacids are in completely random coil form, fractions of association were considerably less than that with poly(acrylic acid) in the same region of degree of neutralization. Even in the region where poly (D-glutamic acid) is in the helical form, the fraction of association was less than that with poly(acrylic acid) in the same region. No pronounced characteristics attributable to counterion association corresponding to the helix-coil transition could be found. The association phenomena were discussed on the basis of a rodlike model of polyelectrolyte.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 411-415 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isomerization of poly-L-proline in different solvents has been studied by NMR spectroscopy. Different resonance signals for the CHα protons have been obtained for the two different helical conformations of thus compound, namely form I and form II.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 417-422 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-β-N-diphenylmethyl-L-asparagine and poly-γ-N-diphenylmethyl-L-glutamine were prepared from the corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides. Poly-L-aspuragine and poly-L-glutamine were obtained by removal of the diphenylmethyl protecting groups with liquid anhydrous hydrofluoric acid.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 379-393 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hydrogen-tritium exchange character of poly-D,L-alanine was studied in detail as a model for the hydrogen exchange behavior of the unhindered, polymeric peptide group. The random chain nature of poly-D,L-alanine was evident in the uniformity of exchange rate of all its hydrogens and in the similarity between this rate and that of random chain poly-D,L-lysine and other known, unhindered secondary amide groups. An equilibrium isotope effect favoring the binding of tritium over protium to the extent of 21% was measured. Specific acid and base catalysis of the exchange and the absence of detectable general catalysis were demonstrated. Apparent energy of activation is 17 kcal/mole for deprotonation, largely due to dependence of Kw on temperature, and 15 kcal/mole for protonation, which correlates with the extreme apparent pK. The hydrogen -tritium exchange half-time rate; of poly-D,L-alamine at any pH and temperature (T: °C) is given by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \[t_{\frac{1}{2}} \,(\min )\, = \,200\,\, \times \,10^{0.05{\rm T}} /\,[10^{{\rm pH} - 3} \, + \,10^{3 - {\rm pH}} ]\] $$\end{document}
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 581-593 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The specific rotation of starch components, corrected for refractive index variation, exhibits a discontinuity in the region of the water-dimethyl sulfoxide (H2O-DMSO) system that corresponds to the composition of the complex 2H2O-DMSO. This discontinuity is a property dependent upon the presence of a number of consecutively linked α-1,4 glucose units and, therefore, must reflect a change in symmetry of a segment, of polymer chain. The optical rotation of amylose between 26.5 and 92.5°C. does not change in DMSO and is only slightly lowered in water at the higher temperature. The behavior of amylose in both DMSO and H2O is like that of a random coil, as indicated by viscosity and sedimentation measurements. These results may be interpreted either as being compatible with models of amylose in solution in which the polymer backbone has helical twist, or as indicating removal of strong interactions between polymer chain segments by a good solvent.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 614-618 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 1-3 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 5-19 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The osmotic pressure equation for nonideal, associating systems of the type nA +mB ⇄ AnBm, has been derived, by using the assumption yAnBm/yAnyBm = 1. This treatment can also be applied to related associations such as nA + mB ⇄ AB + AB2 + A2B + …. From osmotic pressure experiments on the pure reactants it is possible to obtain the molecular weights (MA and MB) of the reactants and also the virial coefficients (BAA and BBB) of the reactants. The osmotic pressure of a nonreacting mixture of A and B can be calculated from these measurements. It can be used along with osmotic pressure measurements on equilibrium mixtures of A and B to obtain expressions containing the equilibrium constant (or constants) and the cross-virial coefficients (BAB and BBA). Several procedures are described for the evaluation of the equilibrium constant (or constants) and the BAB or BBA terms. It appears that this procedure is a general one which is applicable to associations of the type nA + mB ⇄ AB + A2B + AB2 + …. By correcting for nonideal behavior, one should then be able to apply it to any method available for analyzing ideal associations of the types considered here. In addition it is possible, subject to certain restrictions, to analyze associations of the type 3A + B ⇄ A2 + AB.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 39-58 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed for characterizing at, submicrogram levels the heterogeneity of histones from purified nuclei. The histones are eluted with a smooth concentration gradient from nuclei trapped in polyacrylamide-gel threads and are collected in a micro fraction collector suitable for volumes in the 10-100 μl range. The gradient and fraction collection systems are governed by cam driven syringes. Samples obtained are subjected to electrophoresis in a starch-gel system and the gels are stained with a highly sensitive stain specific for guanidinium groups. Seven major and a similar number of minor components are demonstrated in the histones. The method of differential elution of trapped macromolecules is suitable for use with systems other than nuclei and histones.
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    Notes: A method is presented for the treatment of distribution functions obtained by ultra-centrifugal sedimentation velocity experiments on the plasma lipoproteins, so that adequate corrections can he made for the effects of diffusion and concentration dependence of the sedimentation coefficient. The method involves the use of modified equations derived from those presented in 1952 by Gosting for the transform from g* (S) to g(S) distributions. The evaluation of the molecular parameters of lipoprotein density and size, from a set of g(Si°) distribution functions obtained in solvents of varying density, is also outlined. Preparations of the β-lipoprotein of human plasma are found to follow a bivariate normal distribution that requires evaluation of five parameters, x̄1, σ1, x̄2, σ2and p. The first two represent the mean and standard deviation of the lipoprotein density, the third and fourth the same quantities for the size, expressed as ft “logarithmic diameter parameter”, and the final value is a measure of the correlation between these two variables.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 133-133 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 155-171 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at 100 MHz and 220 MHz have been obtained on two samples of poly-L-alanine of differing molecular weights (2500 and 42 500) in the chloroform-trifluoroacetic acid system under various conditions of solvent composition, temperature, and polypeptide concentration. Separate helix and random coil peaks are observed for the α-CH and peptide NH backbone proton resonances, thereby permitting the determination of helix content. This observation of separate peaks demonstrates that the lifetimes of the helix and random coil portions of poly-L-alanine have lower limits of about 10-1 sec. It is suggested that solvent-peptide versus peptide-peptide hydrogen bond competition, coupled with a destabilizing effect of the trifluoroacetic acid on the helix, is responsible for the helix-random coil transformation.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 135-153 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The combination of an agarose gel (Bio-Gel A) and a dioxane-water (1:1) solvent system allowed the fractionation, on a preparative scale, of a very polydisperse, non-derivatized lignin preparation (enzymatically liberated lignin prepared from sweetgum sapwood with Lenzites trabea). Three fractions differing markedly in molecular weight were obtained. A gel of crosslinked alkylated dextran (Sephadex LH-20) with the same solvent system allowed division of the lowest molecular weight fraction into two fractions. These materials were characterized by measurements of intrinsic viscosity and number-average molecular weights in dimethylformamide and dioxane-water. It was established that the two highest molecular weight fractions were associated in an average trimeric form in dioxane-water (1:1) as compared to the form (considered to be molecular) that occurred in dimethylformamide. Molecular size distributions and eluant volumes of the fractions were determined with a Sephadex G-100-formamide system, the latter being one of the most powerful nonaqueous solvents for lignin. Adsorption effects were known to be absent in this case, and the lignin molecules were considered to be unassociated in formamide. The four fractions were distinguishable with the formamide-G-100 system, thus indicating that the original fractionation was based on molecular size. The enzymatically liberated lignin contained molecules that comprised a continuum of molecular weights from approximately monomeric to molecules that were at the limit of the solvating power of dioxane-water (1:1) and dimethylformamide. Limited physicochemical data were consistent with a compact, approximately spherically symmetric shape of the lignin in solution.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 189-197 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison has been made of the intrachain potential energy of an infinite straight α-helix of poly-L-alanine with that of the distorted form adopted in a coiled coil conformation. The energy terms included were the van der Waal's, electrostatic, hydrogen-bond, and the rotational potential terms. The results indicate that the potential energies of the structures investigated are almost the same, and so a transformation from one state to another may occur without significant changes in potential energy. Particular care has been taken to ensure that the electrostatic and van der Waal's interaction terms are fully convergent. The values obtained for the α-helix were compared with those already published, and some significant differences were found.
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    Notes: Ultraviolet optical rotatory dispersion curves of mucopolysaccharides exhibit particular Cotton effects in the spectral region of the n-π and π-π amide transitions. Two general patterns emerge: (1) enhancement of negative rotation and of the first negative Cotton effect (troughs 217-220 mμ) and (2) relative dominance of the positive Cotton effect in the π-π transition region (peak ∼198 mμ). Groups (1) and (2) can be correlated with a structural difference in the linkages of the amino sugars: (1) occurs with polymers containing 3-1-linked glycosamino sugars and (2) with glycosamino moieties linked 4-1 by either α- or β-glycosidie bonds. Measurements of the circular dichroic absorption bands support the qualitative conclusions from optical rotation. All mucopolysaccharides exhibit a first, negative band centered at 208-211 mμ, while only those in group (2) show, in addition, a positive band centered at 189-192 mμ. A suggested unifying model considers that difference in kind and/or degree of preferred geometry of the amide groups obtains from two forms of secondary order: (1) having a linear hydrogen bond from the N (acceptor) to the (C2)O - H of the preceding uronic acid and (2) having a linear hydrogen bond from the N (acceptor) to the (C2 or 3) O - H of the following sugar. The hydrogen bonds would have similar strength but opposite directions in two systems towards the nonreducing end (1) or towards the reducing end (2)], closing eight-membered rings
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 99-106 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The myosin molecule was extracted from the smooth muscle parts of horse esophagus and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The schlieren pattern of the sedimentation velocity run showed a very sharp single peak of.5.9. S (s20,w). Molecular weight of the protein was measured by means of the Archibald and sedimentation equilibrium methods, both in 0.5M KCI buffered by 1/150 M phosphate at pH 7.5 and at 5°C. The values obtained were 6.25 × 105 and 5.81 × 105respectively, for the two methods. The second virial coefficients were 1.1 × 104 and 1.2 × 10-4 ml/g. Denatured smooth muscle myosin was prepared in a solution of 5M guanidine HC1 containing 0.4 M KC1 and 0.2 M β-mercaptoet hanol buffered at pH 8.0. The weight-average molecular weight of the denatured smooth muscle myosin was 2.24 × 105 and the second virial coefficient was 7.6 × 10-4 ml/g. The values described above are in good agreement with those reported for rabbit skeletal myosin with ammonium sulfate fractionation. The molecular dimension of the molecule is estimated as the value for an axial ratio of 100, assuming a rigid rod molecular model for this molecule, both the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical treatment being in a good agreement with this estimation.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 433-434 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No. Abstract
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  • 52
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enthalpy change accompanying the double helix-coil transition of polyriboadenylic acid (poly A) in aqueous solution has been measured optically and calorimetrically in the pH range 5.7-4.5. The course of this cooperative transition was followed optically by measuring changes in ultraviolet absorption as a function of temperature at different pH values, and calorimetrically by determining the heat capacity of the solution through the transition region. From the latter measurements, the enthalpy of transition was calculated. It is shown, that ΔH is dependent on pH as it is expected from the influence of protonation of the double helix of poly A.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 453-458 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction between ionizable carboxyl groups and the conformation of poly-(glutamic acid) (PGA) in aqueous solution were investigated by the mechanical method. The dynamic rigidity of the PGA solution has a maximum value at the pH corresponding to about 50% neutralization point. This may be due to establishing of a maximum attractive force by proton/charge fluctuation between ionizable carboxyl groups at that pH. The dynamic viscosity has a sharp change in the region of pH 5.5-6.5. It is suggested that this behavior is due to the helix-coil transition.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 447-452 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By use of D2O we found that the shortening of the longitudinal proton relaxation time which occurs in the investigated aqueous yeast DNA solutions (≦ 2.4% with 2% protein) was not based on a hydration effect, but was caused by magnetic impurities only. An estimate shows that the mobility of the hydrated water molecules is reduced by less than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the free water molecules.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 435-445 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general approach to the determination of relative stability of any pair of con-formational states of biological macromolecules or their complexes (in particular, to the determination of relative stability of native and disordered states of the macromolecule) has been suggested. For determining the free energy difference of the two states under the conditions when one of them is considerably more advantageous than the other, it is necessary for the macromolecule to be influenced by the transforming agent which levels free energies of both the conformational states, and to determine the external parameter derivative of the free energy difference in the region of the conformational transition induced by the change in this parameter. If the character of the dependence of this derivative on the external parameter (temperature, solvent composition, etc.) is known, then this allows the determination of the free energy difference of the two states under the conditions considered, even including conditions far from the transition region. The value of the derivative of the free energy difference in the transition region in many cases can be measured directly (in particular, when using calorimetry), while in cases when a direct measurement of the derivative is impossible, it can often he estimated experimentally from the steepness of the conformational transition. The methods of this estimation and also a possible character of the change of the considered derivative during variation of the external parameter are considered for the case when the transforming agent is one of the components of the solvent and, consequently, the derivative of the free energy difference is equal to the difference of number of molecules of this component hound with the macromolecule in two conformational states.
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  • 56
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 459-474 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wool-water systems, at water contents above a threshold value of 22.7 g of water per 100 g of wool keratin, yielded curves of specific heat against temperature showing peaks that are ascribed to the fusion of the absorbed water. Integral and incremental heats of fusion were obtained. Integral heats increase as the square of the water content above the threshold, and incremental heats follow a linear relationship. The incremental heat reaches a value of 55 cal/absorbed water, at the saturation water content, at 0°C of 33.9 g of water per 100 g of keratin. The state of the absorbed water is discussed. Clustering of water molecules takes place only above the threshold water content.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The laser-excited Raman spectra have been obtained of poly-L-proline in the solid and aqueous solution. In the solid state, the Raman spectra are of the form II which is the left-handed helical form with the peptide bonds in the trans configuration. Dissolution of this form in water produced only minor changes in the Raman spectra. The differences in frequencies produced by dissolving the polymer are associated with vibrational modes of the pyrrolidine ring as indicated by comparison with the Raman spectrum of L-proline. The similarity of the Raman spectra dictates that, the conformations of poly-L-proline chain are similar in the solid and aqueous solution.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 181-185 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative study on sonicated calf thymus DNA was made by using electron microscopy and sedimentation methods. The length distribution, established by electron microscopy by using Kleinschmidt's technique, is related to the sedimentation curve obtained with the same solution. The relation permits a determination of the sedimentation constant corresponding to a given length up to 8000 Å and vice versa.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 199-216 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The π-electron polarizability of conjugated base molecules such as uracil and adenine are calculated semiempirically by using molecular orbital theories. The Hüekel method and the self-consistent-field (SCF) theory are used in the present calculation. The theoretical values obtained by the Hüekel method are consistently larger than the experimental results. The values obtained by the SCF theory are in good agreement with observed values. It is clearly demonstrated that the SCF method is better than the Hükel method for the calculation of polarizability. The polarizability of the adenine-uracil pair is calculated as the sum of the polarizabilities of adenine and uracil and also calculated by solving the eigenvalue problem for the A-U pair as an entity. The second method gives considerably larger polarizability than the first method. Discussions are presented and it is demonstrated that the second method is the correct way to calculate the polarizability of the A-U pair.
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  • 60
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reversibility of the thermal denaturation of a low-sulfur fraction of solubilized wool keratin (SCMKA) has been studied under a variety of conditions of time, protein concentration, and pH. Two types of irreversibility for the transition have been encountered. One of these is associated with an aggregation of the protein on denaturation to give a product which may contain elements of a β conformation. This type of irreversibility is favored by high protein concentration, and the original conformation may in fact be regained if the aggregated structure is broken down by a solvent such as 8M urea and the urea subsequently removed by dialysis. The other type of irreversibility appears to be due to racemization of the protein. It does not seem to be dependent on protein concentration and is apparent only at temperatures beyond the actual transition range (∼40-65°C) at pH values below 11, At pH 12, however, racemization appears to proceed slowly even at 4°C. The thermal transition at pH 9 and pH 10 has been shown to be multistage in nature. Over the pH range 9-12 there is a progressive decrease in thermal stability with increase of pH. Addition of NaCl at pH 10 leads to an increase in thermal stability of the molecule.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 217-235 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report studies of the optical properties of the proflavine-DNA complex, using absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopy. From comparison of the absorption spectra of proflavine complexed with calf thymus and T2 DNA, we conclude that stacking of the dyes external to the double helix is comparatively much weaker with T2 DXA, probably because of its glucosylation. Several sources are found for the circular dichroism induced in proflavine when it is complexed with DNA. There is a relatively weak circular dichroism induced when the dye is infinitely dilute on the DNA lattice; this presumably arises from the environmental asymmetry of the binding site. Stronger circular dichroism effects are induced by interaction of intercalated and stacked dyes; studies with T2 DNA, for which stacking seems to be blocked, permit a tentative resolution of effects due to the two modes of binding. One recurring theme of these studies is the observation that the optical properties are quite dependent on environment. The most dramatic example is a strong variation with salt concentration of the amplitude of the circular dichroism induced in the isolated (intercalated) monomer by the surrounding DNA. This suggests that the structure of the intercalated complex is quite sensitive to external conditions.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding of n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, and trifluoroethanol to polyproline I (all peptide bonds in cis configuration) and II (all peptide bonds in trans configuration) has been demonstrated. It was found by infrared spectroscopy that hydrogen bonds are formed between the CO groups of the polymer and the OH groups of the alcohols. Their strength increases from n-butanol via benzyl alcohol to trifluoroethanol. The binding of benzyl alcohol could also be followed by optical rotatory dispersion due to the fact that the electronic transitions of the benzyl ring are rendered optically active by the binding to the polymer.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 259-274 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The statistical mechanics of the effect of a small number of randomly occurring defects on the melting of a polypeptide chain is developed by using a perturbation of Boltzmann factors technique. The method is illustrated by an example where a second-component impurity contributes more to the energy of the hydrogen-bonded superstructure of the polypeptide chain than does the dominant amino acid residue, resulting in the overall destabilization of the helical conformation.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 275-287 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Biological membranes consist mainly of lipids and proteins. At present, the structure of the lipid phase appears to be established, but hypotheses on the molecular organization of the protein are difficult to support. Thus the deformation behavior of whole human erythrocyte ghosts, ghosts after the selective removal of lipids and ghosts stripped of lipids as well as nonlipid components have been examined in the hope of securing indirect information on the organization of the protein. It has been found that large localized deformations result in partial membrane failure and long uniformly wide fibrils, frequently in excess of 3000 Å, are drawn across the rupture. These data are interpreted in terms of currently favored membrane models and the possibility of a fibrous membrane framework consisting predominantly of protein is reviewed. The behavior of the membrane in its various stages of extraction is compared and contrasted to that of synthetic polymer films of known organization.
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 247-257 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermally induced conformational changes of poly-N5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine in water and in methanol-water (3:7 v/v) have been analyzed in terms of the Lifson-Roig theory. The transitions in both solvents can be described by using v = 0.017. The thermodynamic parameters for the random coil-to-helix transition of one amino acid residue at room temperature were found to be: in water, ΔH = - 130 cal/mole and ΔS = - 0.45 e.u.; in methanol-water (3:7 v/v), ΔH = - 170 cal mole and ΔS = - 0.45 e.u. The size distribution of helical segments is broad, and the results of numerical calculations are presented for three degrees of polymerization (DP = 100, 300, and 750).
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 289-292 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 293-295 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 297-299 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 303-304 
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 301-301 
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 304-304 
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969) 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 595-610 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cyclic dipeptide, L-alanylglycyl anhydride, has been studied by optical rotatory dispersion; both L-alanylglycyl anhydride and the lactam, L-3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one, have been studied by circular dichroism. In hydroxylic solvents the circular dichroism spectra of 3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one can be attributed to an n-π* transition near 220 mμ and a π-π* transition near 190 mμ. In these solvents the optical activity of L-alanylglycyl anhydride can be explained as being due to contributions of n-π* transitions and a split π-π* transition. In acetonitrile, however, the circular dichroism spectrum of 3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one shows an additional apparent minimum near 200 mμ. The CD spectrum of the dipeptide is also quite distinctive in this solvent. The possible nature of the band at 200 mμ and the implications of these findings are discussed.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 619-623 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 627-648 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The flow birefringence, extinction angles, and intrinsic viscosity have been determined at low velocity gradients for a complex of T2 bacteriophage DNA and methylated serum albumin prepared in dilute solution to a stoichiometry of approximately 90 proteins per DNA molecule. Comparative data upon equivalent solutions of pure uncomplexed T2 DNA are also presented, and these data are completely in accord with the results of previous study. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of current dynamical theory and indicate that the complex has an essentially linear chain structure, consisting of approximately two DNA molecules, which is hydrodynamically indistinguishable from the pure DNA and that extensive internal or intramolecular binding in the complex does not occur. Although interpretation of the results is hampered by an apparent moderate degree of polydispersity in the complex preparations and by relatively large shear extrapolations, the data for both DNA and the complex are substantially in accord with dynamical theory for a nondraining bead subchain model having high kinetic segmental rigidity.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 649-658 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Far-infrared spectra in the region from 700 to 60 cm-1 have been measured for the α-helix structures of poly(L-α-amino-n-butyric acid), poly-L-norvaline, poly-L-norleucine, and poly-L-leucine and for the β-form structures of poly(L-α-amino-n-butyric acid), poly-L-valine, poly(DL-amino-n-butyric acid), poly-DL-norvaline, and poly-DL-norleucine. The changes of the spectra on N-deuteration have been measured in the region between 700 and 400 cm-1. It is concluded that, the α-helix has characteristic bauds near 690, 650, 610, 380, 150, and 100 cm-1, and that the β-form has characteristic bands near 700, 240, and 120 cm-1. The main-chain vibrations in the region from 600 to 200 cm-1 are strongly coupled with the side-chain deformation vibrations.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 681-693 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single-strand breaks (ssb) in opposite strands of DNA can be sufficiently near that a double-strand break (dsb) results. A theory is presented by which the maximum number h of base pairs which cannot prevent double-strand breakage can be determined from the rates of production of ssb and dsb. The assumptions required to derive the necessary equations as well as the range of validity of the equations are discussed in detail. In the experiments ssb and dsb were produced by x-irradiation in buffers which do not eliminate indirect effects and were measured by analytical ultracentrifugation. Values of h have been determined in low and high ionic strength and in low ionic strength over a range of temperatures. The values, 2.64 and 15.8, were obtained for high and low ionic strength, respectively.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 695-705 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nature of a specific association between acriflavine and cellular DNA was investigated by subjecting the DNA of intact cells to denaturation, ultraviolet radiation, and base analog substitution. The predictable modifications of DNA structure were then correlated with the quantitative alterations in dye adsorption by the cells. It was concluded that, under experimental conditions of limited dye availability, the bonding of dye was restricted to sites of highest bonding affinity. These were shown to be situated between adjacent thymine molecules on a single strand of DNA. The 5-methyl groups of thymine may endow the bond with its specificity.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 659-670 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of polyelectrolyte solution of Alexandrowicz: and Katchalsky is used to calculate the electrostatic potential of single stranded polynucleotides for different ionic strength. We have considered the potential of double stranded DNA as the superposition of the different potentials produced by each chain, provided the average distance between the strands is higher than an ionic strength-dependent parameter b. For ionic strength lower than 5 × 10-2M, the assumption is no longer valid, and a cylindrical model with a uniform charge density must be used. The continuity between the two models was tested, and thus we can calculate the electrical potential at the vicinity of a phosphate group in the whole range of ionic-strength where the double helix is stable. It was therefore possible to determine the theoretical number of ions bound electrostatically to DNA and we found an increase of ion binding with a decrease of ionic strength. Such a model was further applied to the change of specific volume in different salt solutions. Comparison is made with recent pycnometric data on Na- and Cs- salts of DNA. Agreement is good in the case of Cs+, but for Na+, cation binding is likely to be accompanied by a change of the hydration of DNA, which depends on ionic strength. With the same model we can see easily the ion-trapping properties of DNA which play an important role in any formation of complex between heavy ions and bases.
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 671-680 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preferential adsorption of cations occurs in the solvated shell surrounding polyanions, especially polynucleotides and nucleic acids. The solvation parameter Γ is determined from sedimentation coefficients which are considered as pienometric determinations of the specific volume of the sample. By comparing two identical concentrations (0.1M) of monovalent salts, NaCl and CsCl, and using the model of DNA described in the preceding paper, one can relate the ratio SCs/SNa to solvation parameters ΓCs, and ΓNa.On the other hand, Γ can be related to the difference of energy W, between cation and water, to be extracted from the solution and placed in the vicinity of the polyanion. One finds generally a preferential solvation of the polarizable caesium ion by means of London-van der Waals interactions with bases. With reasonable assumptions, an estimate of W can be made, and the predicted value of Γ can be compared to the experimental one. An average of six sites is found around each base in a single-stranded polymer, but-only one in the double-stranded structure. The amount of secondary structure can thus be estimated from the simple measurement of the ratio of two sediment constants.
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    Chemie in unserer Zeit 3 (1969), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 319-341 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktivität des 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diphenyl-cyclopropenylium-Kations (1) gegenüber C-Anionen des Malodinitrils, Cyanessigesters, Benzylcyanids etc. wird systematisch untersucht. Das Nucleophil kann sowohl am C-3 als auch am C-1 von 1 angreifen; diese Konkurrenz ist von Solvens und Substituenteneffekten determiniert. Die entstehenden Produkte - Δ1-resp. Δ2-Cyclopropen-3-äthyläther 9 bzw. 10, Methylencyclopropen-Derivate (16) oder ringoffene 1 : 1-Addukte (20) - werden in ihrer Struktur aufgeklärt und ihr Bildungsmechanismus diskutiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 374-375 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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  • 86
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 87
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die protonenkatalysierte Umsetzung von Arylcyanaten mit Dimethylsulfoxid liefert im ersten Reaktionsschritt Carbamidsäureester, die bei längerer Reaktionsdauer oder erhöhter Temperatur durch intermediär gebildeten Formaldehyd zu N.N′-Methylen-bis-[carbamidsäurearylestern] (5) kondensieren. Der Mechanismus des Primärschritts wird als ein der Pummerer-Reaktion analoger Zerfall eines aktivierten Komplexes aus Arylcyanat, Dimethylsulfoxid und Proton erkannt.
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  • 88
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 38-49 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphine können bei der Reaktion mit Aziden in α- oder γ-Position der Stickstoffkette angreifen. Für das in Substanz faßbare Staudinger-Addukt von Triphenylphosphin an Tosylazid belegen Infrarotspektren 15N-isotopenmarkierter Derivate eine unverzweigte R3P=Nγ—Nβ=Nα—X-Struktur. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung in Benzol zu N-Tosyl-P-triphenyl-phosphazen (4) wird nach massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen ausschließlich γ.β-N2 abgespalten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umsetzungen von Cl3-nFnCSCl (n = 1,2,3) mit F3CCO2Ag liefern in guten Ausbeuten Verbindungen vom Typ , die bei 20° unbegrenzt haltbar sind. Erhitzt man (1) im Bombenrohr auf 170°, so bilden sich Kohlendioxid und F3CSCF3, während beim Bestrahlen mit UV-Licht Perfluoracetanhydrid, F3CSSCF3 und F3CSO2SCF3 entstehen. Bestrahlt man mit (2) UV-Licht, so bilden sich CO2 und Cl2FCSCF3. Aus Thionylchlorid und Cl3-nFnCCO2Ag (n = 2,3) konnten nur die entsprechenden Anhydride und SO2 isoliert werden. Analog liefert Silberperfluorbutyrat mit F3CSCl die Zersetzungsprodukte F3CSSCF3, F3CSO2SCF3 und (C3F7CO)2O.
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  • 90
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 104-111 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-[β-chlor-β-alkoxy-äthyl]-sulfoxide 5 entstehen unter milden Bedingungen bei der Umsetzung von Thionylchlorid mit Vinyläthern im Molverhältnis 1:3. Bei der Reaktion C-substituierter Vinyläther mit Thionylchlorid sind nur 1 : 1-Additionsverbindungen isolierbar. - 5a bildet mit prim. und sek. Aminen Bis-[β-amino-vinyl]-sulfoxide 7, mit Triäthylamin das Eliminierungsprodukt 9 und durch intramolekulare Redox-Reaktion 10.
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 118-125 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Darstellung der zum trans-Pinansystem gehörenden Pinandiole-(2.3) (1 und 2) wird der konfigurative Zusammenhang der vier diastereomeren Pinandiole-(2.3) klar ersichtlich.
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  • 92
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 167-179 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivate des Hexahydro-1.2.4.5.3.6-tetrazadiborins (1a) entstehen bei der Einwirkung von Organylhydrazinen auf Diaminoborane oder Phenylbordichlorid. Physikalische Untersuchungen legen eine aplanare Ringstruktur mit Bevorzugung der Wannenform nahe.Die Hydrazinolyse von HB[N(CH3)2]2 mit CH3HN—NHCH3 und CH3HN—NH2 ergibt Dimere dieses Ringsystems. Es sind Methylderivate der pentacyclischen Käfigverbindung 20. Das aus Hydrazin und Bis(dimethylamino)-boran zugängliche polymere (HB-NH-NH)n zersetzt sich oberhalb von 110° unter N2-Abspaltung zu (H2B-NH-NH-BH2)n.
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  • 93
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 196-204 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Dinucleotid 9 wurde aus dem Nucleotid 8 und einem Guanidinium-Salz des Adenosin-5′-phosphorsäure-amids zusammengesetzt. 8 erhielt man aus dem Silbersalz des 3-Carbamoyl-pyridons-(6) (1) und 2.3.5-Tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosylchlorid über die O-Verbindung (2), die zum N-Ribosid (3) umgelagert und nach Entbenzoylierung und Acetonierung in 2′.3′-Stellung des Ribosids 4a mit Cyanäthylphosphat und Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid in 5′-Stellung zum Nucleotid 8 phosphoryliert wurde. Die β-Verknüpfung in 4a (und damit in 9) wurde u. a. durch Korrelation mit dem analogen Glucosid 4b so gut wie sichergestellt.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 243-254 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Dimethylamino-fulven (1) wird von CH3OD im Sinne einer elektrophilen Substitution in 2- und 5-Stellung deuteriert; unter der Annahme einer Reaktion 1. Ordnung ergab sich in CH3OD/CDCl3 (3 : 1) bei 60° eine Halbwertszeit von 3.7 Stdn. H-3 und H-4 werden langsamer gegen Deuterium ausgetauscht, ebenso das Proton in der 4-Position von 6-Dimethylamino-2.3-benzo-fulven (15). Die π- und J-Werte von 1, 10, 15, 17 und 18 wurden ermittelt; die vicinalen Kopplungskonstanten der Fulvenprotonen erlauben Aussagen über die Beteiligung polarer Grenzstrukturen am Grundzustand.
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2P(C6H5)2]4, sowie Tetrakis(diphenylarsinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2As(C6H5)2]4, reagieren mit Halogenen zu Verbindungen des allgemeinen Typs C[CH2E(X)2(C6H5)2]4 (E = P, As; X = Cl, Br, J), in denen sämtliches Halogen im Festzustand und in Dichlormethan-Lösung kovalent gebunden ist. In stärker polaren Lösungsmitteln wie Dimethylformamid oder Acetonitril verhalten sich die Chlorderivate wie 1:2-, die Bromderivate wie 1 : 3- und die Jodverbindungen wie 1 : 4-Elektrolyte. Die aus sterischen Gründen mögliche Bildung von chlorverbrückten spirocyclischem, bromverbrückten bicyclischen und jodbrückenfreien Phosphonium- und Arsoniumkationen wird diskutiert.
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 342-350 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Phenyl-pyrrolidon (1b) wird durch UV-Licht in N-Phenyl-pyrrol (9) übergeführt. N-Phenyllactame mit mindestens 7 Ringgliedern (1d-f) lassen sich photochemisch in guten Ausbeuten in die Benz-aza-cycloalkenone 4d-f umlagern. Die Struktur der Photolyseprodukte wird spektroskopisch, durch Derivate und durch Abbau zu Anthranilsäure gesichert.
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 378-379 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 98
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 380-381 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von α-Pyridyl-glyoxal (2) (in Lösung) und einige Eigenschaften werden beschrieben.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Solvolyse der Titelverbindungen ergibt ausschließlich Fragmentierung zu den entsprechenden Cycloalkenen, wenn Tosylat- und Aldehyd-Gruppe eine anti-periplanare Konformation einnehmen können. Ist dies ausgeschlossen, treten neben der Fragmentierung Ausweichreaktionen unter Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung ein.
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