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  • 1
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    High-resolution geological record of historic earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin (2001)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, Allerton Press, vol. 106, no. B2, pp. 2221-2234, pp. L13315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Israel ; Jordan ; Arabia ; 1035 ; Geochemistry ; (new ; field, ; replaces ; Rock ; Chemistry) ; Geochronology ; 1734 ; History ; of ; geophysics ; Seismology ; 4239 ; Oceanography: ; general ; Limnology ; 7221 ; Paleoseismology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Breakthrough of the year. Peering into 2002 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Computer Simulation ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Optics and Photonics ; Proteins/physiology ; Proteome ; *Research ; *Science ; Stem Cells
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Isotope geochemistry. The origin of water on earth (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robert, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1056-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Atmosphere ; Deuterium ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Hydrogen ; Mars ; *Meteoroids ; Silicates/chemistry ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Nobel century. Prizewinners, no--but not losers (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):292-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy ; Biological Evolution ; Ecology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Breakthrough of the year. Scorecard '99 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2223.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Computing Methodologies ; Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology ; *Research/trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Science recognizes nine other major discoveries on scales ranging from the cosmic to the quantum: Ribosome Revelations Fossil Find One Word--Organics New Cells for Old Water, Water, Everywhere Cosmic BOOMERANG Good Reception So NEAR ... Quantum Curiosities〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2221-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Cloning, Organism ; Electronics ; Humans ; Plastics ; Quantum Theory ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology ; *Research ; Ribosomes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Stem Cells ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Machine learning for science: state of the art and future prospects (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Recent advances in machine learning methods, along with successful applications across a wide variety of fields such as planetary science and bioinformatics, promise powerful new tools for practicing scientists. This viewpoint highlights some useful characteristics of modern machine learning methods and their relevance to scientific applications. We conclude with some speculations on near-term progress and promising directions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mjolsness, E -- DeCoste, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2051-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Machine Learning Systems Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA. mjolsness@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Cluster Analysis ; *Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Robotics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    An Astronomical Test of CCD Photometric Precision (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Ground-based differential photometry is limited to a precision of order 10(exp -3) because of atmospheric effects. A space-based photometer should be limited only by the inherent instrument precision and shot noise. Laboratory tests have shown that a precision of order 10-5 is achievable with commercially available charged coupled devices (CCDs). We have proposed to take this one step further by performing measurements at a telescope using a Wollaston prism as a beam splitter First-order atmospheric effects (e.g., extinction) will appear to be identical in the two images of each star formed by the prism and will be removed in the data analysis. This arrangement can determine the precision that is achievable under the influence of second-order atmospheric effects (e.g., variable point-spread function (PSF) from seeing). These telescopic observations will thus provide a lower limit to the precision that can be realized by a space-based differential photometer.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Third Workshop on Photometry; 95-102; NASA/CP-2000-209614
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  • 9
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    A Performance Comparison for Two Versions of the Vulcan Photometer (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Analysis of the images produced by the first version (V1) of the Vulcan photometer indicated that two major sources of noise were sky brightness and image motion. To reduce the effect of the sky brightness, a second version (V2) with a longer focal length and a larger format detector was developed and tested. The first version consisted of 15-centimeter (cm) focal length, F/1.5 Aerojet Delft reconnaissance lens, and a 2048 x 2048 format front-illuminated charged coupled device (CCD) with 9 microns micropixels (Mpixels). The second version used a 30-cm focal length, F/2.5 Kodak AeroEktar lens, and a 4096 x 4096 format CCD with 9 micro pixels. Both have a 49-square-degree field of view (FOV) but the area of the sky subtended by each pixel in the V2 version is one-fourth that of the V1 version. This modification substantially reduces the shot noise due to the sky background and allows fainter stars to be monitored for planetary transits. To remove the data gap and consequent signal-level change caused by flipping the photometer around the declination axis and to reduce image movement on the detector, several other modifications were incorporated. These include modifying the mount and stiffening the photometer and autoguider structures to reduce flexure. This paper compares the performance characteristics of each photometer and discusses tests to identify sources of systematic noise.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Third Workshop on Photometry; 63-70; NASA/CP-2000-209614
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  • 10
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    Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: This report summarizes the technical parameters and the technical staff of the Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI) system at the fundamental station Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory (GGAO). It also gives an overview about the VLBI activities during the previous year. The outlook lists the outstanding tasks to improve the performance of GGAO.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry; 81-82; NASA/TP-2001-209979
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  • 11
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    Discovery of a Second High-Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillation from the Microquasar GRS 1915+105 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: We report the discovery in archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer data of a approx. 40 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation QPO) in the hard X-ray flux from the Galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105. The QPO is detected only in the hard X-ray band above approx. 13 keV and was discovered in observations in which the previously known 67 Hz QPO is present. The 40 Hz QPO has a typical rms amplitude of approx. 2% in the 13-27 keV band and a width of approx. 5.5 Hz (FWHM). We show that the 67 and 40 Hz QPOs are detected in the same observations in 1997 July and November. However, the QPO is not detected in observations from 1996 April, May, and June in which the 67 Hz QPO was first discovered. The frequency of the 67 Hz QPO is significantly higher in the 1997 observations by about 5% compared with the 1996 data. The identification of the 40 Hz QPO makes GRS 1915 + 105 the second black hole binary to show a pair of simultaneous high-frequency QPOs (the other being GRO J1655-40). The similarities between the properties of the 67 Hz QPO in GRS 1915+105 and the recently discovered 450 Hz QPO in GRO J1655-40 suggest that the pairs of frequencies in these systems may be produced by the same physical mechanism, with the frequency differences between the two being likely due to different black hole masses in the two systems. We discuss the implications of our result for the mass and spin of GRS 1915+105 as well as for models of X-ray variability in black holes and neutron stars.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Journal; Volume 554; L169-L172
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  • 12
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    EIT And SXT Observations of a Quiet-Region Filament Ejection: First Eruption, Then Reconnection (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: We observe a slow-onset quiet-region filament eruption with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. This event occurred on 1999 April 18 and was likely the origin of a coronal mass ejection detected by SOHO at 08:30 UT on that day. In the EIT observation, one-half of the filament shows two stages of evolution: stage 1 is a slow, roughly constant upward movement at approximately 1 km/s lasting approximately 0.5 hr, and stage 2 is a rapid upward eruption at approximately 16 km/s occurring just before the filament disappears into interplanetary space. The other half of the filament shows little motion along the line of sight during the time of stage 1 but erupts along with the rest of the filament during stage 2. There is no obvious emission from the filament in the SXT observation until stage 2; at that time, an arcade of EUV and soft X-ray loops forms first at the central location of the filament and then expands outward along the length of the filament channel. A plot of EUV intensity versus time of the central portion of the filament (where the postflare loops initially form) shows a flat profile during stage 1 and a rapid upturn after the start of stage 2. This light curve is delayed from what would be expected if 'tether-cutting' reconnection in the core of the erupting region were responsible for the initiation of the eruption. Rather, these observations suggest that a loss of stability of the magnetic field holding the filament initiates the eruption, with reconnection in the core region occurring only as a by-product.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; Volume 561; L219-L222
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  • 13
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    The Origin of Hot Subluminous Horizontal-Branch Stars in (omega) Centauri and NGC 2808 (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Hot subluminous stars lying up to 0.7 mag below the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) are found in the ultraviolet (UV) color magnitude diagrams of both (omega) Cen and NGC 2808. In order to explore the evolutionary status of these subluminous stars, we have evolved a set of low-mass stars continuously from the main sequence through the helium-core flash to the HB (horizontal branch) for a wide range in the mass loss along the red-giant branch (RGB). Stars with the largest mass loss evolve off the RGB to high effective temperatures before igniting helium in their cores. Our results indicate that the subluminous EHB stars, as well as the gap within the EHB of NGC 2808, can be explained if these stars undergo a late helium-core flash while descending the white-dwarf cooling curve. Under these conditions the convection zone produced by the helium flash will penetrate into the stellar envelope, thereby mixing most, if not all, of the envelope hydrogen into the hot helium-burning interior, where it is rapidly consumed. This phenomenon is analogous to the 'born-again' scenario for producing hydrogen-deficient stars following a very late helium-shell flash. This 'flash mixing' of the stellar envelope greatly enhances the envelope helium and carbon abundances and, as a result, leads to a discontinuous jump in the HB effective temperature. We argue that the EHB gap in NGC 2808 is associated with this theoretically predicted dichotomy in the HB morphology. Using new helium- and carbon-rich stellar atmospheres, we show that these changes in the envelope abundances of the flash-mixed stars will suppress the UV flux by the amount needed to explain the hot subluminous EHB stars in (omega) Cen and NGC 2808. Moreover, we demonstrate that models without flash mixing lie, at most, only approximately 0.1 mag below the EHB, and hence fail to explain the observations. Flash mixing may also provide a new evolutionary channel for producing the high gravity, helium-rich sdO and sdB stars.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 14
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    X-Ray Probes of Cosmic Star-Formation History (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: In a previous paper we point out that the X-ray luminosity L(sub x) of a galaxy is driven by the evolution of its X-ray binary population and that the profile of L(sub x) with redshift can both serve as a diagnostic probe of the Star Formation Rate (SFR) profile and constrain evolutionary models for X-ray binaries. We update our previous work using a suite of more recently developed SFR profiles that span the currently plausible range. The first Chandra deep imaging results on L(sub x)-evolution are beginning to probe the SFR profile of bright spirals and the early results are consistent with predictions based on current SFR models. Using these new SFR profiles the resolution of the "birthrate problem" of lowmass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and recycled, millisecond pulsars in terms of an evolving global SFR is more complete. We also discuss the possible impact of the variations in the SFR profile of individual galaxies.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 15
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    The Discovery of a Second Luminous Low Mass X-Ray Binary System in the Globular Cluster M15 (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory we have discovered a second bright X-ray source in the globular cluster M15 that is 2.7" to the west of AC211, the previously known low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) in this system. Prior to the 0.5" imaging capability of Chandra this second source could not have been resolved from AC211. The luminosity and spectrum of this new source, which we call M15-X2, are consistent with it also being a LMXB system. This is the first time that two LMXBs have been seen to be simultaneously active in a globular cluster. The new source, M15-X2, is coincident with a 18th U magnitude very blue star. The discovery of a second LMXB in M15 clears up a long standing puzzle where the X-ray and optical properties of AC211 appear consistent with the central source being hidden behind an accretion disk corona, and yet also showed a luminous X-ray burst suggesting the neutron star is directly visible. This discovery suggests instead that the X-ray burst did not come from AC211, but rather from the newly discovered X-ray source. We discuss the implications of this discovery for X-ray observations of globular clusters in nearby galaxies.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 16
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    The CHANDRA HETGS X-ray Grating Spectrum of Eta Carinae (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Eta Carinae may be the most massive and luminous star in the Galaxy and is suspected to be a massive, colliding wind binary system. The CHANDRA X-ray observatory has obtained a calibrated, high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the star uncontaminated by the nearby extended soft X-ray emission. Our 89 ksec CHANDRA observation with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) shows that the hot gas near the star is non-isothermal. The temperature distribution may represent the emission on either side of the colliding wind bow shock, effectively 'resolving' the shock. If so, the pre-shock wind velocities are approximately 700 and 1800 km/s in our analysis, and these velocities may be interpreted as the terminal velocities of the winds from 71 Carinae and from the hidden companion star. The forbidden-to-intercombination line ratios for the He-like ions of S, Si, and Fe are large, indicating that the line forming region lies far from the stellar photosphere. The iron fluorescent line at 1.93 angstroms, first detected by ASCA, is clearly resolved from the thermal iron line in the CHANDRA grating spectrum. The Fe fluorescent line is weaker in our CHANDRA observation than in any of the ASCA spectra. The CHANDRA observation also provides the first high-time resolution lightcurve of the uncontaminated stellar X-ray emission from 77 Carinae and shows that there is no significant, coherent variability during the CHANDRA observation. The 77 Carinae CHANDRA grating spectrum is unlike recently published X-ray grating spectra of single massive stars in significant ways and is generally consistent with colliding wind emission in a massive binary.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 17
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    Kinds of Astronomy-5 (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Astronomers study light and basically, almost everything we know about the universe has been figured out through the study of light gathered by telescopes on the earth, in the earth's atmosphere, and in space. This light comes in many different colors, the sum of which comprises what is commonly I known as the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Unfortunately, the earth's atmosphere blocks almost all of wavelengths in the EM spectrum. Only the visible (400-700 mn) and radio (approx. 1-150 m) "windows" are accessible from the ground, and thus have the longest observational "history." These early restrictions on the observational astronomer also gave rise to classifying "kinds" of astronomy based on their respective EM portion, such as the term "radio astronomy."
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 18
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    Selection of the Ground Segment for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) Flight Demonstrator (Nexus) (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Nexus was a technology demonstrator project that was designed to bridge from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to its successor, the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). This paper focuses on the process used in designing the ground segment for Nexus and the lessons learned in its development. Ground station cost drivers were: (1) Contact time, (2) Cost of transporting data between the ground stations and control center, and (3) Cost savings via ground automation. We found that reducing the communication requirement in just the first 100 days could have reduced the total ground station cost by 40%. Contact time cost dwarfed the cost trade between automation development and off-shift operations personnel. Real-time Telemetry and Control (T&C) system analysis was divided into: (1) Potential reuse of the Nexus real-time (T&C) system for NGST, (2) Feasibility of using a 'Finite State-Based Modeling' product, and (3) Selecting a Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) versus Government Off The Shelf (GOTS) products. We found that each of the products evaluated in detail (ASIST, EPOCH 2000, and ITOS) could adequately support basic mission requirements. Lessons learned were: (1) Include operations at the beginning of the mission, and (2) Develop an operations concept as soon as possible.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Reducing Cost of S/C Ground Systems and Optics; United States
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  • 19
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    Tools for Coordinated Planning Between Observatories (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: With the realization of NASA's era of great observatories, there are now more than three space-based telescopes operating in different wavebands. This situation provides astronomers with a unique opportunity to simultaneously observe with multiple observatories. Yet scheduling multiple observatories simultaneously is highly inefficient when compared to observations using only one single observatory. Thus, programs using multiple observatories are limited not due to scientific restrictions, but due to operational inefficiencies. At present, multi-observatory programs are conducted by submitting observing proposals separately to each concerned observatory. To assure that the proposed observations can be scheduled, each observatory's staff has to check that the observations are valid and meet all the constraints for their own observatory; in addition, they have to verify that the observations satisfy the constraints of the other observatories. Thus, coordinated observations require painstaking manual collaboration among the observatory staff at each observatory. Due to the lack of automated tools for coordinated observations, this process is time consuming, error-prone, and the outcome of the requests is not certain until the very end. To increase observatory operations efficiency, such manpower intensive processes need to undergo re-engineering. To overcome this critical deficiency, Goddard Space Flight Center's Advanced Architectures and Automation Branch is developing a prototype effort called the Visual Observation Layout Tool (VOLT). The main objective of the VOLT project is to provide visual tools to help automate the planning of coordinated observations by multiple astronomical observatories, as well as to increase the scheduling probability of all observations.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ADASS Conference; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 20
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    How I Became an Astronomer (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Life as an astronomer has taken me to view eclipses of the Sun from the Gaspe' Peninsula to the Pacific Ocean and the China and Coral Seas, and to observe the stars at observatories across the USA and as far south as Chile. I've also enjoyed working with NASA's telescopes in space, including the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Ultraviolet Explorer. It seems funny to reflect that it all began in the Sixth Grade by a fluke - the consequence of a hoax letter whose author I never identified.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 21
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    Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Balloon Flight Engineering Model: Overview (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a pair-production high-energy (greater than 20 MeV) gamma-ray telescope being built by an international partnership of astrophysicists and particle physicists for a satellite launch in 2006, designed to study a wide variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. As part of the development effort, the collaboration has built a Balloon Flight Engineering Model (BFEM) for flight on a high-altitude scientific balloon. The BFEM is approximately the size of one of the 16 GLAST-LAT towers and contains all the components of the full instrument: plastic scintillator anticoincidence system (ACD), high-Z foil/Si strip pair-conversion tracker (TKR), CsI hodoscopic calorimeter (CAL), triggering and data acquisition electronics (DAQ), commanding system, power distribution, telemetry, real-time data display, and ground data processing system. The principal goal of the balloon flight was to demonstrate the performance of this instrument configuration under conditions similar to those expected in orbit. Results from a balloon flight from Palestine, Texas, on August 4, 2001, show that the BFEM successfully obtained gamma-ray data in this high-background environment.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 22
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    The Discovery of a Second Luminous Low Mass X-ray Binary in the Globular Cluster M15 (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: We report an observation by the Chandra X-ray Observatory of 4U2127+119, the X-ray source identified with the globular cluster M15. The Chandra observation reveals that 4U2127+119 is in fact two bright sources, separated by 2.7". One source is associated with AC21 1, the previously identified optical counterpart to 4U2127+119, a low mass X-ray binary (LMXB). The second source, M15-X2, is coincident with a 19th U magnitude blue star that is 3.3" from the cluster core. The Chandra count rate of M15-X2 is 2.5 times higher than that of AC211. Prior to the 0.5" imaging capability of Chandra the presence of two so closely separated bright sources would not have been resolved, The optical counterpart, X-ray luminosity and spectrum of M15-X2 are consistent with it also being an LMXB system. This is the first time that two LMXBS have been seen to be simultaneously active in a globular cluster. The discovery of a second active LMXB in M15 solves a long standing puzzle where the properties of AC211 appear consistent with it being dominated by an extended accretion disk corona, and yet 4U2127+119 also shows luminous X-ray bursts requiring that the neutron star be directly visible. The resolution of 4U2127+119 into two sources suggests that the X-ray bursts did not come from AC211, but rather from M15X2. We discuss the implications of this discovery for understanding the origin and evolution of LMXBs in GCs as well as X-ray observations of globular clusters in nearby galaxies.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    The Chandra X-Ray Observatory (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Chandra X-Ray Observatory is the X-ray component of NASA's Great observatories which also includes the recently decommissioned Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the soon to be launched Space Infra Red Telescope Facility. Chandra is a unique X-ray astronomy facility for high-resolution imaging and for high-resolution spectroscopy. Chandra's performance advantage over other X-ray observatories is analogous to that of the Hubble Space Telescope over ground-based observatories. Chandra is a NASA facility that provides scientific data to the international astronomical community in response to proposals for its use. Data becomes public one year after the observation. The Observatory is the product of the efforts of many commercial, academic, and government organizations in the United States and Europe. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) manages the Project and provides Project Science; TRW Space and Electronics Group served as prime contractor responsible for providing the spacecraft, the telescope, and assembling and testing the observatory; the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) provides technical support and is responsible for ground operations.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    The Discovery of a Second Luminous Low-Mass X-Ray Binary in the Globular Cluster M15 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: We report an observation by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory of 4U 2127+119, the X-ray source identified with the globular cluster M15. The Chandra observation reveals that 4U 2127+119 is in fact two bright sources, separated by 2.7 arcsec. One source is associated with AC 211, the previously identified optical counterpart to 4U 2127+119, a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). The second source, M15 X-2, is coincident with a 19th U magnitude blue star that is 3.3 arcsec from the cluster core. The Chandra count rate of M15 X-2 is 2.5 times higher than that of AC 211. Prior to the 0.5 arcsec imaging capability of Chandra, the presence of two so closely separated bright sources would not have been resolved. The optical counterpart, X-ray luminosity, and spectrum of M15 X-2 are consistent with it also being an LMXB system. This is the first time that two LMXBs have been seen to be simultaneously active in a globular cluster. The discovery of a second active LMXB in M15 solves a long-standing puzzle where the properties of AC 211 appear consistent with it being dominated by an extended accretion disk corona, and yet 4U 2127+119 also shows luminous X-ray bursts requiring that the neutron star be directly visible. The resolution of 4U 2127+119 into two sources suggests that the X-ray bursts did not come from AC 211 but rather from M15 X-2. We discuss the implications of this discovery for understanding the origin and evolution of LMXBs in globular clusters as well as X-ray observations of globular clusters in nearby galaxies.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal; Volume 561
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    Thermal Analysis of a Finite Element Model in a Radiation Dominated Environment (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: This paper presents a brief overview of thermal analysis, evaluating the University of Arizona mirror design, for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) Pre-Phase A vehicle concept. Model building begins using Thermal Desktop(TM), by Cullimore and Ring Technologies, to import a NASTRAN bulk data file from the structural model of the mirror assembly. Using AutoCAD(R) capabilities, additional surfaces are added to simulate the thermal aspects of the problem which, for due reason, are not part of the structural model. Surfaces are then available to accept thermophysical and thermo-optical properties. Thermal Desktop(TM) calculates radiation conductors using Monte Carlo simulations. Then Thermal Desktop(TM) generates the SINDA input file having a one-to-one correspondence with the NASTRAN node and element definitions. A model is now available to evaluate the mirror design in the radiation dominated environment, conduct parametric trade studies of the thermal design, and provide temperatures to the finite element structural model.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: The Tenth Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop; NASA/CP-2001-211141
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    Reaching out to the community: a DPS speaker's bureau (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Talks about how scientists can reach out to the community by public talks.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    B,V photometry of variable stars in the northeast arm of the Small Magellanic Cloud (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: This paper discusses the B and V photometry being obtained for variable stars in the northeast arm of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC).
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Journal
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    The early angular momentum history of low mass stars: a surprising paradox (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: We examine the early angular momentum history of stars in young clusters.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 29
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    Speckle Holography for High-Contrast Imaging (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society #198; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    Finding L and T Dwarf companions to nearby stars using 2MASS (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: AAS 198th Meeting; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    Spectral detection of amonia ice in the turbulent clouds of Jupiter by Galileo/NIMS (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
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  • 32
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    Suzaku Observation of Two Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in NGC 1313 (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: A study was made of two ultraluminous X-ray soures (ULXs) in the nearby face-on, late-type Sb galaxy NGC 1313 using data from Suzaku, the 5th Japanese X-ray satellite. Within the 90 ks observation, both sources named X-1 and X-2 exhibited luminosity change by about 50%. The 0.4-10 keV X-ray luminosity was measured to be 2.5 x 10(exp 40) erg per second and 5.8 x 10 erg per second for X-1 and X-2, respectively, requiring a black hole of 50-200 solar mass in order not to exceed the Eddingtion limit. For X-1: the spectrum exhibited a strong power-law component with a high energy cutoff which is thought to arise from strong Comptonization by a disk corona, suggesting the source was in a very high state. Absorption line features with equivalent widths of 40-80 eV found at 7.0 keV and 7.8 keV in the X-1 spectrum support the presence of a highly ionized plasma and a high mass accretion rate on the system. Oxygen abundance of the NGC 1313 circumstellar matter toward X-1 was found to be subsolar, viz. O/H = (5.0 plus or minus 1.0) x 10(exp -4). The spectrum of X-2 in fainter phase is best represented by a multicolor disk blackbody model with T (sub in) = 1.2-1.3 keV and becomes flatter as the flux increases; the source is interpreted to be in a slim disk state.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    First Observations of Complex Molecules in a Wolf-Rayet Ring Nebula (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society 197th Meeting; San Diego, CA; United States
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    Pre-protostellar core properties from Far-IR observations (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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    The search for red AGN with 2MASS (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: We present the results of a simple, highly efficient 2MASS color-based survey that has already discovered 140 previously unknown red AGN and QSOs. These objects are near-infrared-bright and relatively nearby; the media redshift of the sample is z=0.25, and all but two have z〈0.7.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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    White light fringe modeling for the SIM CCD detector (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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    The NASA New Millennium Program: space flight validation of advanced technologies for future astronomy and astrophysics missions (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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    Gridless narrow-angle astronomy with SIM (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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    A 2MASS L dwarf companion to the nearby K dwarf GJ 1048 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: We report the discovery of a probable L1 companion to the nearby K2 dwarf GJ 1048 using the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS).
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Journal; Volume 121; no. 4; 2185-2188
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    Astrometric error estimates with limited bandwidth in SIM (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 198th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    Observations of YSO's with infrared interferometers (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Young Stars Near Earth: Progress and Prospects; Mountain View, CA; United States
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    Evolution of globular cluster sizes in early-type galaxies (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium 207 on Extragalactic Star Clusters; Pucon; Chile
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    Temperature-area determination from observations of Loki by Galileo and Cassini (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Vertical transport in the Jovian upper troposphere: insights from phosphine submillimeter observations (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    CCD observations of distant comets from Palomar and Steward Observatories (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: International Astronomical Union (IAU) Colloquium No. 186: Cometary Science After Hale-Bopp; Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife; Spain
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    Decadal study for radio science investigations in the Deep Space Network (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    OSS on-line resource directory/National Science Education standards 'Quilt'/science concepts matrix: useful tools for E/PO (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Opportunities for education and public outreach (E/PO) support through NASA's Office of Space Science (OSS) (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Theory of formation of massive stars via accretion (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: A semi-analytical scheme for augmenting existing evolutionary tracks of pre-main sequence protostars is introduced and discussed.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: The Earliest Phases of Massive Star Birth; Boulder, CO; United States
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    Working with informal education: opportunities for scientists to work with the Girl Scouts of the USA (GSUSA) (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Planetary science data products and tools available for education and public outreach (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Spatial distribution of carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid on Europa (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Photometry and surface physical properties of Comet 19P/Borrelly (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division of Planetary Sciences, American Astronomy Senior Meeting; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    The cometary cloud: ought there be one? (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    The size distribution of cometary nuclei (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Jovian longitudinal thermal structure in mid 1999 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society 2001; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Models of the formation and growth of Jovian polar haze particles (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Calibrating MIPS SED mode using planetary nebula (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: In this paper we show how planetary nebulae can be used to calibrate in wavelength this low resolution spectrometer.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium No. 209 Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe; Canberra; Australia
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    The Keck Interferometer and the Caltech/JPL interferometry science center (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ADASS - Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems; Vancouver, British Columbia; Canada
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    SIRTF point source extractor (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Data Analysis Software and System XI (ADASS XI); Victoria, British Columbia; Canada
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    The Keck Interferometry (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: This paper discusses the Keck Interferometer.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Orange County Astronomers July Meeting; Orange, CA; United States
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    Investigating photon dominated regions: near-infrared observations of planetary nebulae with HST/NICMOS (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium No. 209 Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe; Canberra; Australia
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    Registered file support for critical operations files at SIRTF (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems Meeting (ADASS); Victoria, British Columbia; Canada
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    Infrastructure for SIRTF science processing (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XI (ADASS XI); Victoria, British Columbia; Canada
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    The SIRTF science center enters the home stretch (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XI (ADASS XI); Victoria, British Columbia; Canada
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    Observations of T Tauri stars with infrared interferometry (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Annual Meeting of Division of American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    Far-Infrared dust opacity and visible extinction (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Infrared and Sublimillimeter Space Astronomy Conference; Toulouse; France
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    The buried QSO in the Z=2.4 radio galaxy 4C+43.15 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 198th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    A large-scale unbiased survey for outflows in molecular clouds with embedded IRAS sources (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society 198th Meeting; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    YSO studies with infrared interferometers (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The observational technique of long baseline infrared interferometry provides a unique opportunity for studying the small scale structure of young stellar objects, particularly circumstellar disks and multiplicity. The technique of infrared interferometry is briefly described and observations of young stellar objects are reviewed.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Young Stars Near Earth; Mountain View, CA; United States
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    Molecular and ionic shocks in the supernova remnant 3C 391 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 198th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    X-rays and protostars in the Trifid Nebula (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: AAS 198th Meeting; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    2MASS-IRAS discovery on new candidate vega-type systems (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 198th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    Cold dust in the Milky Way (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Infrared Submillimeter Space Astronomy: An International Colloquium to Hnor Guy Serra; Toulouse; France
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    Solar system tests for changing gravity (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society Meeting #198; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    2MASS extragalactic science (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 198th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    2MASS large galaxy atlas (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 198th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    A search for variable stars in the 2MASS calibration fields (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: We present early results from a survey variable stars in the two micron all sky survey (2MASS) photometric calibration fields.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: AAS 198th meeting; Pasadena, CA; United States
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    The composition of cometary silicates (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Workshop on Astronomical Silicates; Leiden; Netherlands
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  • 80
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    Light, waves and interference: tools for teh quest for extrasolar planets (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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    Recent Transits of the Super-Earth Exoplanet GJ 1214B (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: We report recent ground-based photometry of the transiting super-Earth exoplanet GJ1214b at several wavelengths, including the infrared near 1.25 microns (J-band). We observed a J-band transit with the FLAMINGOS infrared imager and the 2.1-meter telescope on Kitt Peak, and we observed several optical transits using a 0.5-meter telescope on Kitt Peak and the 0.36-meter Universidad de Monterrey Observatory telescope. Our high-precision J-band observations exploit the brightness of the M-dwarf host star at this infrared wavelength as compared to the optical, as well as being significantly less affected by stellar activity and limb darkening. We fit the J-band transit to obtain an independent determination of the planetary and stellar radii. Our radius for the planet (2.61 +0.30 / -0.11 Earth radii) is in excellent agreement with the discovery value reported by Charbonneau et al. based on optical data. We demonstrate that the planetary radius is insensitive to degeneracies in the fitting process. We use all of our observations to improve the transit ephemeris, finding P=1.5804043 +/- 0.0000005 days, and T0=2454964.94390 +/- 0.00006 BJD.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 82
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    Near-infrared speckle observations of proto-planetary nebulae (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 83
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    K-band observations of P Cygni with the Palomar testbed interferometer (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 84
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    A new complete sample of submillijansky radio sources: An optical and near-infrared study (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The Very Large Array has been used in C configuration to map an area similar or equal to 0.3 deg(2) at 1.4 GHz with 5 sigma sensitivities of 0.305, 0.325, 0.380, and 0.450 mJy beam(-1)over four equal subareas.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Publications of the astronomical soicety of the pacific; Volume 113; no. 779; 10-28
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  • 85
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    Simulations of SIM astrometric stability: the benefits of estimating acceleration parameters (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 197th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 86
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    Circumstellar matter around massive stars (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Herschel FIRST Workshop Presentation; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 87
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    A Model for Estimating the Numbers of Stars for Which Terrestrial Planets Can Be Detected (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Borucki and Summers (1984) have suggested that extrasolar terrestrial planets can be detected by looking for transits. A discussion is presented of a model used to estimate the number of stars for which planets can be detected as a function of spectral type and luminosity, stellar brightness, planet size and realistic noise sources that must be considered. A choice for an optimum location of the field to search is described given the realistic constraints of a space mission and the desire to maximize the number of available stars.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: IAU Symposium 213, Bioastronomy 2002: Life Among Stars; Jul 08, 2002 - Jul 12, 2002; Great Barrier Reef; Australia
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    Multi-Epoch XMM Observations of NGC4258 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The goal of this project is to better understand whether the well known, warped accretion disk around the supermassive black hole in NGC4258 is responsible for the observed X-ray absorbing column of gas. The active galactic nuclei (AGN) paradigm suggests that doughnut-like tori obscure black holes, not warped disks. Using radio interferometry, we have mapped the disk and its orientation. Through time monitoring radio observations we are following the rotation and variability in the disk structure. The disk crosses the line of sight to the black hole, if it is clumpy, then we will observe variations in the X-ray spectrum of NGC4258 on month to year time scales. We have reduced 14 epochs of very long base interferometry (VLBI) observations that we use to characterize the structure of the maser-laden accretion disk and its evolution. Five epochs of data remain to be reduced in the next year. We have received distributions of data for two of our four intended epochs of X-ray Multimirror Mission (XMM) observation. Because the first two epochs are relatively close in time, and because community understanding of how to calibrate XMM data has until recently been relatively immature, we are waiting until we receive the third epoch of data before we reduce the several datasets. Delivery of the third epoch should take place late this year. The last epoch of XMM observation will take place in mid-2002. In the next year, we will begin to combine constraints on disk clumpiness with estimates of X-ray variability observed by XMM.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    Physical State of Ices in the Outer Solar System (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Comparison of the identity and abundances of ices observed around protostars and those associated with comets clearly suggests that comets preserve the heritage of the interstellar materials that aggregated to form them. However, the ability to identify these same species on icy satellites in the outer solar system is a complex function of the composition of the original ices, their subsequent thermal histories, and their exposure to various radiation environments. Our ability to identify the ices currently present on objects in the outer solar system relies upon observational and laboratory, and theoretical efforts. To date there is ample observational evidence for crystalline water ice throughout the outer solar system. In addition, there is growing evidence that amorphous ice may be present on some bodies. More volatile ices, e.g. N2, CH4. CO, and other species, e.g. ammonia hydrate, are identified on objects lying at and beyond Uranus. Both photolysis and radiolysis play important roles in altering the original surfaces due to chemical reactions and erosion of the surface. Ultraviolet photolysis appears to dominate alteration of the upper few hundred Angstroms, although sputtering the surface can sometimes be a significantly competitative process; dominating on icy surfaces embedded in a strong planetary magnetospheric field. There is growing observational evidence that the by-products of photolysis and radiolysis, suggested on a theoretical basis, are present on icy surfaces.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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    The Next Generation Space Telescope (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Next Generation Space Telescope NGST is an 6-7 m class radiatively cooled telescope, planned for launch to the Lagrange point L2 in 2009, to be built by a partnership of NASA, ESA, and CSA. The NGST science program calls for three core instruments: 1) Near IR camera, 0.6 - 5 micrometer; 2) Near IR multiobject spectrometer, 1 - 5 micrometer, and 3) Mid IR camera and spectrometer, 5 - 28 micrometers. I will report on the scientific goals, project status, and the recent reduction in aperture from the target of 8 m.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: International Space Development Conference; May 24, 2001 - May 28, 2001; Albuquerque, NM; United States
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    First Detection of a Foreground Damped Ly-Alpha Absorber Along a GRB Line of Sight? (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We present a VLT spectrum of the optical afterglow of GRB 991216, taken 1.5 days after the burst, and HST (Hubble Space Telescope) imaging of the host galaxy, obtained four months later. The spectrum contains three metal absorption-line systems with redshifts z = 1.024, z = 0.803, and z = 0.771, where the highest redshift most likely reflects the distance to the host galaxy. For the z = 1.024 and z = 0.803 systems we tentatively detect MgI which suggests a dense environment at these redshifts. This and the strength of the z = 0.803 Fe lines indicate that this system very likely is a damped Ly-alpha absorber (DLA), which would be the first foreground DLA to be detected along a GRB afterglow sight line. The HST images are consistent with these findings: they show two blobs of light, one underneath the projected OT position, the presumed host galaxy, and the other 0.6" away, which is probably responsible for the absorption lines at z = 0.803. The lowest redshift system can be explained by either one of the two galaxies that are located roughly 2" away from the transient. Including these newly found systems, the total number of DLAS and Lyman limit systems along GRB afterglow sight lines is consistent with the number expected from QSO (quasi-stellar object) absorption line studies. We expect early spectroscopy of GRB afterglows to significantly increase the number of detected foreground absorption systems, and we discuss some advantages over QSO lines of sight.
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    Linking Science Analysis with Observation Planning: A Full Circle Data Lifecycle (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: A clear goal of the Virtual Observatory (VO) is to enable new science through analysis of integrated astronomical archives. An additional and powerful possibility of the VO is to link and integrate these new analyses with planning of new observations. By providing tools that can be used for observation planning in the VO, the VO will allow the data lifecycle to come full circle: from theory to observations to data and back around to new theories and new observations. The Scientist's Expert Assistant (SEA) Simulation Facility (SSF) is working to combine the ability to access existing archives with the ability to model and visualize new observations. Integrating the two will allow astronomers to better use the integrated archives of the VO to plan and predict the success of potential new observations. The full circle lifecycle enabled by SEA can allow astronomers to make substantial leaps in the quality of data and science returns on new observations. Our paper will examine the exciting potential of integrating archival analysis with new observation planning, such as performing data calibration analysis on archival images and using that analysis to predict the success of new observations, or performing dynamic signal-to-noise analysis combining historical results with modeling of new instruments or targets. We will also describe how the development of the SSF is progressing and what has been its successes and challenges.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomical Data Analysis; Jul 29, 2001 - Aug 03, 2001; San Diego, CA; United States
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    First Intrinsic Anisotropy Observations With the Cosmic Background Imager (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We present the first results of observations of the intrinsic anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation with the Cosmic Background Imager from a site at 5080 in altitude in northern Chile. Our observations show a sharp decrease in C_l in the range l = 400 - 1500. Such a decrease in power at high l is one of the fundamental predictions of the standard cosmological model, and these are the first observations which cover a broad enough 1-range to show this decrease in a single experiment. The power, C_l, at l approximately 600 is higher than measured by Boomerang and Maxima, with the differences being significant at the 2.7sigma and 1.9sigma levels, respectively. The C_l we have measured enable us to place limits on the density parameter, Omega(tot) 〈= 0.4 or Omega(tot) 〉= 0.7 (90% confidence).
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    NASA Technical Management Report (533Q) (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The objective of this task is analytical support of the NASA Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) program in the areas of SLR data analysis, software development, assessment of SLR station performance, development of improved models for atmospheric propagation and interpretation of station calibration techniques, and science coordination and analysis functions for the NASA led Central Bureau of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). The contractor shall in each year of the five year contract: (1) Provide software development and analysis support to the NASA SLR program and the ILRS. Attend and make analysis reports at the monthly meetings of the Central Bureau of the ILRS covering data received during the previous period. Provide support to the Analysis Working Group of the ILRS including special tiger teams that are established to handle unique analysis problems. Support the updating of the SLR Bibliography contained on the ILRS web site; (2) Perform special assessments of SLR station performance from available data to determine unique biases and technical problems at the station; (3) Develop improvements to models of atmospheric propagation and for handling pre- and post-pass calibration data provided by global network stations; (4) Provide review presentation of overall ILRS network data results at one major scientific meeting per year; (5) Contribute to and support the publication of NASA SLR and ILRS reports highlighting the results of SLR analysis activity.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ITSS-3200
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    Search for Other Planetary Systems (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: In the field of publications, I published two referenced articles, one conference proceeding, and have one article in preparation thanks to JOVE support. In the field of student research, JOVE allowed me and four students to present reports at three National Conferences on Undergraduate Research (the U.T. Austin, Salisbury and the U. of Rochester meeting). In the field grant applications, JOVE support aided in successfully writing three grants totaling over $45,000. In the field of outreach, JOVE support has allowed the expansion of our school's planetarium offerings to local K to 12 schools. We have also expanded the planetarium offering to our local community. JOVE support has permitted a lasting collaboration with my NASA colleague, William Borucki (NASA/Ames).
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    Low Temperature Reflectance Spectra of Titan Tholins (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Compositional interpretation of remotely obtained reflectance spectra of outer solar system surfaces is achieved by a variety of methods. These include matching spectral curves, matching spectral features, quantitative spectral interpretation, and theoretical modeling of spectra. All of these approaches rely upon laboratory measurements of one kind or another. The bulk of these laboratory measurements are obtained with the sample of interest at ambient temperatures and pressures. However, surface temperatures of planets, satellites, and asteroids in the outer solar system are significantly cooler than ambient laboratory conditions on Earth. The infrared spectra of many materials change as a function of temperature. As has been recently demonstrated it is important to assess what effects colder temperatures have on spectral properties and hence, compositional interpretations. Titan tholin is a solid residue created by energetic processing of H-, C-, and N-bearing gases. Such residues can also be created by energetic processing if the gases are condensed into ices. Titan tholin has been suggested as a coloring agent for several surfaces in the outer solar system. Here we report laboratory measurements of Titan tholin at a temperature of 100 K and compare these to measurements of the same sample near room temperature. At low temperature the absorption features beyond 1 micrometer narrow slightly. At wavelengths greater than approx. 0.8 micrometer the overall reflectance of the sample decreases slightly making the sample less red at low temperatures. We will discuss the implications of the laboratory measurements for interpretation of cold outer solar system surfaces.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 2003 Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting; Nov 26, 2001 - Dec 01, 2001; New Orleans, LA; United States
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    Far-Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy with SAFIRE on SOFIA (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The SOFIA airborne observatory will provide a high spatial resolution, low background telescope for far-infrared astrophysical investigations. Selected as a PI instrument for SOFIA, SAFIRE is an imaging Fabry-Perot spectrograph covering 100 micrometers - 655 micrometers, with spectral resolving power of approx. 1500 (200 kilometers per second). This resolution is well matched to extragalactic emission lines and yields the greatest sensitivity for line detection. SAFIRE will make important scientific contributions to the study of the powering of ULIRGs and AGN, the role of CII cooling in extragalactic star formation, the evolution of matter in the early Universe, and the energetics of the Galactic center. SAFIRE will employ a two-dimensional pop-up barometer array in a 16 x 32 format to provide background-limited imaging spectrometry. Superconducting transition edge barometers and SQUID amplifiers have been developed for these detectors.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 06, 2002 - Jan 10, 2002; Washington, DC; United States
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    Rapid Changes in the Structure of the BN Object (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The BN/KL region in Orion is the archetypal region of high-mass star formation, radiating approx. 10(sup)5 Lsun and displaying promininent bulk outflows. In particular, there is no certain identification of the sources responsible for the high luminosity and outflows, and is the origin of a major explosive event (Shultz et al. 1999, ApJ, 511, 282). Using 18.7 and 12.5 micron data from observations in December 1999 and October 2000 made at the Keck I telescope, we discovered that the BN Object has a companion previously seen only at radio wavelengths (Menten & Reid 1995, ApJ, 445, L157). We call this companion B2 and it is about 1.5 arcsec West of the bright component. We also see changes in the shape of BN and the emission of "blobs" or "bullets" of material. While B2 remains unchanged and in the same place between the two epochs, there is an additional structure in BN to the South-South-East and the North-East, as well as a finger of material pointing North from B2 itself. Such a change has not been seen before in the infrared. We have looked very carefully at these images, calibrator images taken within a few minutes of the source images, as well as our previous images and cannot find any technical faults with the data. We explore the implications of these results, in particular, can these features be connected with previously observed "bullets" or "fingers" (see Allen & Burton 1993, for example), making BN a source for the bullets, implying they are not from IRc2 as previously thought? Or could they be produced by an interaction between material from BN and other sources such as IRc2?
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 06, 2002 - Jan 10, 2002; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 99
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    Ecological Niches for Space Missions in the Far-Infrared (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The far-infrared and submillimeter region (30 micrometers-750 micrometers) has perhaps the greatest potential of all wavelengths for advancement in astronomy. When viewed in terms of the cosmic backgrounds, the fares is extremely important: half of the total luminosity in the Universe is emitted at rest wavelengths approximately 80 - 100 micrometers. At the highest known galaxy redshifts (z approximately equal to 6) this energy is redshifted to approximately 600 micrometers. Existing and planned survey missions have a broad range of capabilities, defined in terms of their spectral coverage, spectral resolution, survey area, and sensitivity. In this 4-dimensional parameter space, the flares is found to be substantially behind most other wavelength bands. The opportunity for future missions with great discovery potential is evident. Such missions will be wellsuited to answering fundamental questions about the history of energy release in the Universe, the formation and evolution of galaxies, and formation of stellar and protoplanetary systems. We discuss the parameter space that can be filled by a few well-chosen space missions, specifically a submillimeter all-sky survey and a far-IR to submillimeter observatory.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 06, 2002 - Jan 10, 2002; Washington, DC; United States
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    Spectroscopy of Low Mass X-Ray Binaries: New Insights into Accretion (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: This project is to observe two low mass X-ray binaries, chosen for their X-ray brightness, low column density, and diversity of accretion behavior. The high spectral resolution of the RGS, the broad energy range and tremendous collecting power of EPIC, and simultaneous optical monitoring with the OM are particularly well-suited to these studies. observation of one of the two objects has taken place and the data were received in late November. The second object is yet to be observed. Over the next year we will: investigate the physical conditions of the emitting gas using emission and recombination line diagnostics to determine temperatures, densities, elemental abundances, and ionization structure; study the behavior of emission features as a function of binary orbit; and test and improve models of X-ray line emission developed by us over the past decade. We will gain insight on both the geometry of the accretion flow and on the evolutionary history of LMXBs.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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