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  • Articles  (19)
  • Hymenoptera  (19)
  • Springer  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Elsevier
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Reed Business Information
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 2010
  • 1989  (19)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (19)
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • Springer  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Elsevier
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Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
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Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sunflower volatiles involved in honeybee discrimination among genotypes and flowering stages (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 329-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sunflower volatiles ; genotype effect ; phenology effect ; honeybee ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; foraging behavior ; olfactory discrimination ; hybrid seed production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In order to define the part of olfactory cues in the selective behavior of honeybees, observation on their foraging behavior was carried out on various sunflower genotypes in parallel with chemical analysis of aromatic extracts of the genotypes. Foragers show a preference for the early stages of flowering and, when they are given a choice between couples of parental lines of two commercial hybrids, Marianne and Mirasol, they are randomly distributed on Mirasol parents, but they prefer the female line of Marianne. The comparison of relative proportions of compounds among aromagrams obtained from head space trapping from the two couples of genotypes, reveals (1) a phenological stage effect for 17 compounds among 144 indexed compounds for Marianne lines and for 18 among 136 indexed compounds of Mirasol lines; most of these compounds exhibit higher relative proportions in the early flowering stages, which is related to plant attractiveness towards honeybees; (2) a sex effect for 33 compounds among 144 for Marianne lines and for 14 compounds among 136 for Mirasol lines; further semiquantitative analyses reveal a sex effect for only eight compounds of 134 for Marianne lines and 20 compounds of 250 for Mirasol lines, which represents less than 10% of the indexed compounds. These discriminatory compounds were partly identified by coupled GC-MS. Possible relations between such phenological and genotypical volatile fluctuations and forager attraction are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027794
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Function of glandular secretions in fragrance collection by male euglossine bees (Apidae: Euglossini) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1285-1295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Euglossini ; Eulaema cingulata ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; labial gland ; lipid ; fragrance ; orchid ; tibia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract MaleEulaema cingulata (Fabricius) (Apidae: Euglossini) possess large cephalic labial glands that secrete a mixture of lipids. In the process of fragrance collection, males secrete the labial gland lipids onto the substrate. The mixture of lipids and fragrances is then taken up by the front tarsal brushes and transferred to the hind tibial organs. The labial gland secretions apparently serve as a nonpolar solvent and carrier that increases the efficiency of fragrance collection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014830
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of leek-moth and diamondback-moth frass volatiles that stimulate parasitoid,Diadromus pulchellus (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1391-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diadromus pulchellus ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; disulfides ; frass ; Acrolepiopsis assectella ; Plutella xylostella ; Lepidoptera ; Acrolepiidae ; Plutellidae ; leek ; Allium porrum ; cabbage ; Brassica oleracea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acrolepiopsis assectella andPlutella xylostella frass volatiles, trapped on Tenax GC, were examined by capillary gas chromatography. In both moths, the same three disulfides, dimethyl, dipropyl, and methyl propyl, were the most abundant substances, but in different proportions. The synthetic disulfides elicited the same behavioral response by the parasitoid,Diadromus pulchellus as frass. The plant origin of these substances is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014838
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomonal activities of 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3 diones produced byEphestia kuehniella zeller in eliciting searching behavior by the parasitoidBracon hebetor (say) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1491-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bracon ; Ephestia ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; kairomone ; host selection ; parasitoid ; foraging ; ketones ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2-Acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones produced in the mandibular glands ofEphestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) fifth instars acted as arrestment and host-trail following kairomones for the parasitoid,Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The behavioral response of the parasitoids to the kairomone varied with kairomone concentration and distribution. However, only small differences in activity were noted for the different mandibular gland components.B. hebetor females that encountered filter paper patches impregnated with the kairomone exhibited antennation and probing behavior. Females followed trails formed with 2-[(Z,E)12,14-hexadecadienoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione in the same manner exhibited with host-made trails. At concentrations of 1.0 μg/mm and above, trail following was interrupted by frequent probing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012378
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Alarm pheromone production by two honeybee (Apis mellifera) types (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1747-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; alarm pheromone ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; isopentyl acetate ; 2-heptanone ; sting ; mandibular gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Of 12 alarm pheromones assayed in European and Africanized honeybees, nine were found in larger quantities in the Africanized population. Isopentyl and 2-heptanone levels were similar in both; 2-methylbutanol-1 was greater in European workers. These differences were not due to age or geographical location. Significant positive correlations between alarm pheromone levels and defensive behavior, especially numbers of stings, were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012262
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Biochemical and behavioral evidence foe hybridization between fire ants,Solenopsis invicta andSolenopsis richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1757-1765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire ants ; Solenopsis invicta ; Solenopsis richten ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; trail pheromone ; hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral and biochemical evidence is presented for hybridization between the fire ants,Solenopsis richteri andS. invicta. The response of the two species to extracts of their trail pheromones presented as a point source is clearly species-specific; however, hybrid workers responded to parental Dufour's gland extracts and parental workers responded to Dufour's gland extracts of the hybrid. The behavioral evidence for hybridization was confirmed by gas Chromatograph comparison of the Dufour's gland extracts of the three fire ant forms, which showed a pattern for the hybrid that was intermediate to the two parental species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012263
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Chemical composition and function of metapleural gland secretion of the ant,Crematogaster deformis smith (hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 317-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Crematogaster deformis ; Hymenoptera ; Myrmicinae ; ant ; defensive allomone ; repellent ; metapleural gland ; 3-propylphenol ; 3-pentylphenol ; 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin ; mellein ; 5-propylresorcinol ; 5-pentylresorcinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The secretion of the hypertrophied metapleural gland of the antCrematogaster deformis contains a mixture of phenols, consisting mainly of 3-propylphenol, 3-pentylphenol, 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (mellein), 5-propylresorcinol, and 5-pentylresorcinol. The secretion is released, as a repellent, when the highly vulnerable petiolar-postpetiolar region of the abdomen is attacked by enemy ants. In addition, small amounts of the secretion are released regularly to serve as an antiseptic, which is considered the original function of the gland. The secretion also has some insecticidal properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027793
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Temporal changes in colony cuticular hydrocarbon patterns ofSolenopsis invicta (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2115-2125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Solenopsis invicta ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; nestmate recognition ; colony odor ; temporal changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heritable cuticular hydrocarbon patterns ofSolenopsis invicta workers are consistent within colonies for a given sampling time but vary sufficiently from colony to colony to distinguish the colonies from each other. In addition, cuticular hydrocarbon patterns change within colonies over time. Nestmate recognition cues found on the individual's cuticle, can be from heritable or environmental sources, and are a subset of colony odor. The cuticular hydrocarbons can be used as a model for heritable nestmate recognition cues. We propose that because potential nestmate recognition cues, both environmental and genetic, are dynamic in nature rather than static, during its lifetime a worker must continually update its perception (template) of colony odor and nestmate recognition cues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207442
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Dufour gland contents of three species ofMyrmecia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), primitive ants of australia (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2191-2205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; Dufour gland ; Myrmecia ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; hydrocarbons ; acetates ; eicosenal ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical investigation of the Dufour gland contents of three species ofMyrmecia by GC and GC-MS showed thatM. gulosa andM. nigriceps contain predominantly linear hydrocarbons, whereasM. pilosula contains acetates, aldehydes, and propionates. The major components ofM. gulosa andM. nigriceps are (Z)-8-heptadecene, pentadecane, and heptadecane. Their chemical profiles are similar to each other and to that ofNothomyrmecia macrops, the most primitive living ant, placed by itself in a separate subfamily. The major components ofM. pilosula are hexadecyl acetate, (Z)-9-octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-eicosenyl acetate, and (Z)-11-eicosenal. Some geographical variation was observed in the relative proportions of the components. The chemotaxonomic significance for the primitive Australian ant subfamilies Myrmeciinae and Nothomyrmeciinae is considered. The possibility is discussed that 11-eicosenal or geranylcitronellol, minor components of the Dufour gland secretion ofM. gulosa, may be responsible for the aggressive behavior released by the natural stinging secretions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Aldehydic contact poisons and alarm pheromone of the antCrematogaster scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1501-1511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Crematogaster scutellaris ; ants ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Dufour gland ; contact poisons ; esterase ; alcohol oxidase ; alarm pheromone ; aldehydes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Dufour gland ofCrematogaster scutellaris stores a mixture of long-chain primary acetates bearing a cross-conjugated dienone (Scheme 1, la-c). The poison gland contains two highly active enzymes: an acetate esterase and an alcohol oxidase. During venom emission, the constituents of both glands mix and accumulate on the sting, where the formation of the highly electrophilic aldehydes (Scheme 1, 2a-c) from their acetate precursors is initiated. Acetic acid, produced during the reaction, acts as alarm pheromone. The toxicity of the acetates (Scheme 1, la-c) and of the crude secretion has been assessed by topical application onMyrmica rubra. The acetatecontaining secretion from the Dufour gland was less toxic than the enzymatically altered secretion that was rich in aldehydes. The production of acids (Scheme 1, 3a-c) was an artifact resulting from the nonenzymatic oxidation of the unstable aldehydes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012379
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  • 11
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    Toxicity of allelochemicals from wild insect-resistant tomatoLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum toCampoletis sonorensis, a parasitoid ofHeliothis zea (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2051-2060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; 2-tridecanone ; trichomes ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum ; tomato ; plant defense ; allelochemical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Greenhouse-grown plants of five tomato lines varying in their level of 2-tridecanone-mediated resistance toManduca sexta (L.) andLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) were found to adversely affect larvae ofCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron), a larval endoparasitoid ofHeliothis zea (Boddie), in a manner directly related to their level of resistance. The parasitoid larvae, which emerge as fifth instars from their host and construct a cocoon on the foliage of their hosts' host plant, suffered extensive mortality during cocoon spinning on highly resistant foliage. Mortality was greatest (82%) on the highly resistant plants ofLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum (accession PI 134417) and an F1 backcross [(L. esculentum × PI 134417) × PI 134417] selection. Mortality was intermediate (40 and 28%, respectively) on backcross selections with moderate and low levels of resistance and least (8%) on susceptibleL. esculentum. Removal of the glandular trichomes, which contain 2-tridecanone in their tips, from the foliage eliminated differences in parasitoid mortality among plant lines. Bioassays of 2-tridecanone indicated that it is acutely toxic to fifth instarC. sonorensis larvae at the quantities associated with highly resistant foliage and produces symptoms identical to those observed on resistant foliage. 2-Undecanone, a second methyl ketone present in the glandular trichomes of resistant foliage, was also toxic toC. sonorensis larvae, but significantly less so than 2-tridecanone. The results support the hypothesis that 2-tridecanone is responsible for the observed mortality ofC. sonorensis larvae during cocoon construction on resistant foliage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207437
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  • 12
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    Electroantennogram responses ofCampoletis sonorensis (hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to chemicals in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum ; host habitat location ; green leaf chemical ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene ; electroantennogram ; olfaction ; volatile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Combined gas chromatography-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recording ofCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron) responses to cotton plant volatile chemicals was performed.C. sonorensis antennal olfactory receptors respond differentially to green leaf, mono-, and sesquiterpene chemicals that have been identified previously in cotton. EAG depolarizations to green leaf chemicals were greater than to terpenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027772
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  • 13
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    Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 141-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; anemotaxis ; parasitoid ; jet plumes ; optomotor response ; semiochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Odor-mediated host-searching by femaleMicroplitis croceipes, a braconid endoparasitoid of larvalHeliothis species, was studied in a flight tunnel. Volatiles emitted by third-instarH. zea feeding on cowpea seedling leaves were released and carried with the wind, resulting either in an irregularly shaped plume, or injected with high velocity, resulting in a conically shaped jet plume. Flight maneuvers ofM. croceipes had a higher stereotype in jet plumes compared to irregularly shaped plumes. Variation in odor concentration in jet plumes due to intermittent feeding of the host larvae did not affect the number of flights. At the levels employed, odor concentration did not alter the rate of upwind progress in jet plumes. Because air velocity inside a jet increases in the upwind direction,M. crocepies regulates its ground-speed during its approach to the odor source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027780
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  • 14
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    Comparative deterrency of two terpenoids to two genera of attine ants (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2279-2288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Atta cephalotes ; Acromyrmex octospinosus ; leafcutting ants ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; terpenoids ; deterrents ; dosage-response studies ; bioassays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Caryophyllene and caryophyllene epoxide are two terpenoids found in neotropical plants and known to be deterrent to leafcutter ants. To estimate the variation in deterrent activity of these compounds toward the generaAtta andAcromyrmex, behavioral bioassays were conducted over a range of concentrations. The responses of four captive colonies ofAtta cephalotes and two captive colonies ofAcromyrmex octospinosus, all from a single locality in Costa Rica, were studied. Although specific patterns of deterrency differed in the two genera, in both cases caryophyllene epoxide concentrations of 0.70 mg/g or greater, and caryophyllene concentrations of 7.0 mg/g or greater, significantly deterred the harvest of potential substrates. Individual colonies within each genus did not differ significantly in their responses to caryophyllene epoxide. The mean response of the two genera to caryophyllene epoxide differed significantly, but responses to caryophyllene did not.Acromyrmex octospinosus was more sensitive to low concentrations and less sensitive to high concentrations of caryophyllene epoxide than wasAtta cephalotes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012081
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  • 15
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    Chemistry of mandibular and Dufour's gland secretions of ants in genusMyrmecocystus (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2589-2599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Myrmecocystus species ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; mandibular glands ; Dufour's gland ; chemosystematics ; sex pheromones ; defensive allomones ; methyl anthranilate ; citral ; methyl salicylate ; tridecyl esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of several species ofMyrmecocystus produce mandibular gland secretions that contain 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexenoic acid and a variety of monoterpenes that include neral, geranial, citronellol, limonene, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol. Other components identified include methyl anthranilate, octanal, octanol, octyl octanoate, and 2-hexyl-2-decenal. Methyl salicylate has been identified as a mandibular gland constituent of workers of several species in addition to mellein and monoterpenes such as cymene, limonene, and the isomers of citral. The Dufour's gland secretions of workers and females of 14 species contain typical formicine alkanes (e.g., undecane), 2-alkanols (e.g., 2-tridecanol), and 2-alkanones (e.g., 2-tridecanone). Two species in the subgenusEremnocystus produce secretions that are distinguished by the presence of significant quantities of tridecyl esters. The functions of these compounds as well as their possible chemosystematic significance in the genusMyrmecocystus are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014734
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  • 16
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    Chemical mimicry in a parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2247-2261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasite ; fire ant ; Solenopsis invicta ; Orasema ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; mimicry ; nestmate recognition ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; Eucharitidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A wasp (Orasema sp.) parasitic on the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren, develops to the adult stage within the ant colony, where wasp larvae are ectoparasitic on ant pupae. This phase of the parasite's life cycle requires a mechanism of integration into the host colony. Gas Chromatographic profiles of hexane soaks of various stages of the parasite and host suggest that during development within the ant colony the parasite acquires the colony odor of the host through a passive mechanism, based on simple contact and other social interactions. No parasite-specific components were observed. After leaving the host nest as adults, the parasite biosynthesizes a parasite-specific cuticular compound, while retaining residual amounts of the host acquired components. This complicated scenario is consistent with current knowledge of nestmate recognition and the preferential treatment of ant workers to their brood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014113
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  • 17
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    Mating and oviposition byCotesia (=Apanteles) marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in presence of synthetic pheromone ofSpodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2045-2050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mating behavior ; Parasitoids ; Cotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two blends of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), pheromonal components were evaluated in the laboratory for possible close-range effects on mating and oviposition byCotesia marginiventris (Cresson). Neither a two- nor a five-component blend had any significant effect on mating or parasitization ofS. frugiperda larvae by this parasitoid. Dosages of 200, 400, and 800 μg were tested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207436
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  • 18
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    Host egg kairomones essential for egg-larval parasitoid,Ascogaster reticulatus Watanabe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1219-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; oviposition stimulant ; amino acid ; parasitoid ; Ascogaster reticulatus ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Adoxophyes sp. ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several components of an internal kairomone were identified inside eggs of the host,Adoxophyes sp. (Lepidoptere: Tortricidae), that releases egg deposition of the egg-larval parasitoid,Ascogaster reticulatus Watanabe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Pupal hemolymph with the same activity as an internal host egg kairomone was used as a convenient test sample. Heat-treated pupal hemolymph was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 column. Each fraction was bioassayed and reacted with ninhydrin. The active fractions were ninhydrin-positive. Each fraction was placed onto an araino acid analyzer, which showed that the amino acids were most abundant in active fractions. Among 22 amino acids, alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, serine, tryptophan, and valine were active. The mixture of these active amino acids was as active as the egg-mass homogenate at the same ratio and concentration, suggesting that the most important component as the kairomone in a host egg is the mixture of several amino acids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014824
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  • 19
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    Inhibition ofCampoletis sonorensis parasitism ofHeliothis zea and of parasitoid development by 2-tridecanone-mediated insect resistance of wild tomato (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1919-1930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; trichome ; 2-tridecanone ; allelochemical ; plant resistance ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field populations ofHeliothis spp. were sampled for levels of naturally occurring larval parasitism on six tomato lines varying in levels of 2-tridecanone-mediated resistance toManduca sexta (L.) andLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Second and third instars were parasitized byCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) andCotesia (=Apantales)marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in 1984 through 1986 and byMicropletis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in 1986. Differences in parasitism by individual and multiple species among host plants were not demonstrated. However, levels of parasitism were low and variable among replicates. Total larval parasitism averaged across all plant lines was less than 6% in 1984 and 1986 and approximately 11% in 1985. In laboratory cage studies,C. sonorensis parasitized fewerH. zea larvae on tomato foliage with high levels of 2-tridecanone than on foliage with low levels. RearingH. zea on diet containing 2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone did not alter incidence of parasitism byC, sonorensis; nor did rearing parasitizedH. zea larvae on chemically treated host diets precondition the parasitoid to higher or lower mortality when transferred to foliage as a substrate for cocoon spinning, regardless of the foliage genotype. However, parasitoid survival during cocoon spinning on foliage varied significantly among plant lines in a manner corresponding to the level of 2-tridecanone-mediated resistance of the foliage. Parasitoid mortality was greatest on highly resistant foliage and lowest on susceptible foliage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012276
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