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  • Articles  (31)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (31)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (31)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • American Society of Civil Engineers
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2012
  • 2010
  • 1989  (31)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (31)
  • Mathematics
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  • Articles  (31)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (31)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • American Society of Civil Engineers
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material characteristics in the analysis of heated steel beams (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Beam fire tests are expensive and complicated. They may be replaced by calculations of the heated beam deflection by means of the method presented in this paper. The following material characteristics in the analysis of the deflection of beams during fire may be taken as fundamental: the steel creep characteristic at elevated temperatures, the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of thermal expansion. According to the yield hinge theory, the yield stress is the criterion of failure of steel beams in fire. On the other hand, in the analysis of the deflection of the heated steel beams the influence of the yield stress is very small. The influence of the respective material characteristics on the heated steel beam's destruction is shown in this paper.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 123-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140307
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  • 3
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    News (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 124-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140308
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  • 4
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140401
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  • 5
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    The integration of the objectives of fire safety into the process of architectural design (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Architects designing a building are faced with a series of objectives which they must satisfy. Among these are those of fire safety, and the evidence of past fires indicates that both the design of a building the design processes behind it influence the building's eventual fire safety. Research into the factors in the architectural design process which influence the successful integration of fire safety objectives with the more general objectives of architectural design is described and the findings outlined. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the education, attitudes and sources of advice of the architects are important, as is their relationship with the statutory authorities. Recommendations based on the research are made which could lead to a better integration of the objectives of fire safety into the process of architectural design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of aluminium oxide trihydrate particle size on the combustion of polydimethylsiloxane (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The regularities of thermal degradation of Al(OH)3 powders and the compositions of polydimethylsiloxane and fire retardant with different particle sizes (from 2 μm to 45 μm) were studied by the use of dynamic thermogravimetry (TG), mass spectrometry (MS) and high-temperature pyrolysis. It was shown that the size of the flame-retardant particles influences the physico-mechanical characteristics and combustion of polymeric compositions based on polydimethylsiloxane. The filling of polymer with fine flame retardants improves the tensile properties of vulcanizates but the flame retardance is reduced markedly. The time of free combustion and the length of the burnt parts are increased, the oxygen index and time of ignition delay are decreased while the flame temperature near the surface of the burning sample rises.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between the hot plate ignition test and other laboratory-scale flammability tests on rubber conveyor belts with fabric skeletons (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The hot plate ignition test was conducted on ten different conveyor rubber belts with fabric skeletons. In this test, a 25 × 25 mm2 belt sample was placed on a stainless steel plate in an electric furnace and heated. The ‘ignition temperature’ was determined on each sample in almost the same way as proposed in Canada. The test results were compared with those from other laboratory-scale flammability tests (i.e. the small-scale flame tests, the Oxygen Index test and the laboratory-scale gallery test). The calculated results of both sample and rank correlation coefficients imply that the ‘10 signition temperature’ in this hot plate ignition test has a correlation with the results from both the Oxygen Index test and the laboratory-scale gallery test, but that it has very little or no correlation with those from the small-scale flame tests. On the other hand, it is found that the ‘60 s ignition temperature’ in this test has a far better correlation both with the results from the small-scale flame tests and with the time to ignition in the laboratory-scale gallery test than the ‘10 s ignition temperature’.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    A decision logic for trading between fire safety measures (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Based on statistical data and Delphi input, a logic has been worked out which is capable of offering quantitative support for decisions concerning the equivalence of various fire safety alternatives. Examples of the use of the logic are presented and some conclusions drawn as to the relative merits of various fire safety measures.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140102
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  • 10
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    The role of insurance in ‘code-writing’Translation Arranged by Fire Research Station, United Kingdom. Paper Presented at Interflam '88, 4th International Fire Conference, 22-24 march 1988, Cambridge, UK. (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper outlines how European research, concepts and regulations relating to fire protection are absorbed into Swiss Codes. Switzerland's procedures and conceptual thinking are also considered, particularly in relation to steel structures.1, 2
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140103
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Smoke generation from polypropylene in different thermal environments (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper examines the effect of different thermal regimes on the production of smoke from a variety of injection-moulded polypropylene samples. The tests were performed in a Stanton Redcroft BS 6401 smoke chamber. The results indicate that, of the thermal regimes examined, the radiant heat source alone produced the smoke with the greatest optical density, particularly after long exposure times, while the addition of an inorganic salt to the polypropylene produced a reduction in optical density. The different thermal regimes produced different effects depending on the additives used in the preparation of the polypropylene samples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140104
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Response time of platinum resistance thermometers in flowing gases (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The determination of the time of response of industrial temperature sensors both during service and in various environments is of importance. Recent effort has been directed at this problem solution. The present paper is concerned with the determination of the response time using available procedures recently developed. A rig was constructed to test the procedures. The results appear to provide confidence in the use of these procedures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140106
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  • 13
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    An investigation of inorganic tin flame retardants which suppress smoke and carbon monoxide emission from burning brominated polyester resins (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In view of the current demand for novel, non-toxic, flame- and smoke- suppressant systems for synthetic polymers, certain inorganic tin compounds have been evaluated as fire retardants in a series of commercial brominated polyester resin formulations. The results obtained clearly show that zinc hydroxystannate (ZnSn(OH)6) and zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) impart beneficial properties to the polyesters in terms of flame retardancy and smoke/carbon monoxide suppression, and the improvements in performance are, in general, superior to those exhibited by tin (IV) oxide or antimony (III) oxide. The surface area and degree of dispersion of the fire-retardant additive has been shown to have a marked effect on its efficiency and, in this connection, colloidal tin (IV) oxide is found to exhibit significantly improved flame-retardant properties compared to powdered SnO2. Simultaneous thermal analyses (TG/DTG/DTA) and related mechanistic experiments have shown that tin additives markedly increase the amount of char formed during combustion, whereas Sb2O3, a vapour-phase flame retardant, has little effect on char formation. The zinc stannates also appear to exhibit a significant vapour-phase activity, and this may account for their flame-retardant superiority to SnO2 itself.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140105
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  • 14
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    News (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 37-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140107
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  • 15
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140201
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  • 16
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    Effect of fire-retardant additives on the time-resolved processes of polymer combustion (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 39-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of various inorganic and organic additives on various time-resolved processes (e.g. degradation, ignition, burning rate and quenching) in the combustion of polystyrene has been examined. They are found to impart favourable as well as unfavourable effects on various combustion steps, the important implication being the selection of fire-retardant additives for the specific hazards encountered in end use.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140202
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    A small-scale flame test for fire-resistance evaluation of rubber conveyor belts with fabric skeletons (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Small-scale flame tests were conducted on samples of six different rubber conveyor belts with fabric skeletons for use in Japanese coal mines. Each sample was claimed to be ‘flame-resistant’ under the test condition prescribed in JIS K 6324-1977, but results show that there are problems in this kind of test. Every sample tested sustains flame continuously when the flame exposure time exceeds a certain value or ‘ignition time’. In addition, flame duration seems to depend on the flame-resistance of the fabric skeleton as well as on flame exposure time.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140205
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  • 18
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    Feasibility study to demonstrate the potential of smoke hoods in simulated aircraft fire atmospheres: Development of the fire model (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 43-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The subject of this paper is the development of a fire model producing smoke similar to that which could be anticipated from a burning passenger aircraft in the period before flashover. The simulated aircraft fire smoke was used to test filter and oxygen-donating smoke hoods as part of the Accident Investigation Branch research programme initiated after the Boeing 737 fire at Manchester in 1985. A relatively simple approach was adopted in which materials used in passenger aircrafts cabins were burned in an enclosed room. The smoke hood exposure tests were then carried out in the same room. The fire model permitted the smoke hoods to be tested for 5-min periods with an atmosphere approximating to that required and for longer periods with atmospheres with reduced concentrations of the more polar gases. Analytical procedures enabled both challenge atmospheres and filter penetration to be assessed. The evaluation of smoke hoods by Rapra Technology and British Coal demonstrated that filter smoke hoods were capable of providing protection (providing there was sufficient oxygen to sustain life), that carbon dioxide did not cause debilitation and that the heat produced by the oxidation of carbon monoxide was dissipated. Oxygen-donating systems were also capable of providing protection for the duration of their oxygen supply but it was necessary to prevent the build-up of carbon dioxide. Other important factors, such as the effectiveness of smoke hood to head seals and the effect of hood donning on aircraft evacuation times, have not been examined in this paper.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140203
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  • 19
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    Ammoniumphosphate - Decabromobiphenyl oxide synergistic effect in treatment of polyester/cotton blend (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polyester/cotton blend (87.5:12.5%) was treated with various concentrations of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP)-Decabromobiphenyl oxide (DBBO) mixture. The flammability of the resulting systems was determined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and simultaneous thermal analysis (TA) methods. Evaluation of the results was achieved by plotting the variation of the LOI with the percentage of ammonium phosphate---DBBO mixtures at constant total additive loadings on triangular diagrams. The activity of the inorganic salt as a flame retardant was found to be synergistically enhanced by the addition of the DBBO. The maximum interaction between the two additives occurred at bromine-phosphorus atomic ratio of about 3:1. This corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio for the formation of phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, a species which most probably interacts with the acidic products resulting from the thermal decomposition of the polyester and thus changes their nature so that they become no longer capable of recombination with the other decomposition fragments to produce flammable gases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140204
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  • 20
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    Letters to the editor (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 73-76 
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    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140206
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  • 21
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    News (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 77-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140207
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  • 22
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140301
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  • 23
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    Problems in a drum friction test for fire-resistance evaluation of rubber conveyor belts with fabric skeletons (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A drum friction test was conducted on four different ‘flame-resistant’ and one ‘non-flame-resistant’ rubber conveyor belts with a fabric skeleton manufactured in Japan. These test results were compared with those obtained from the other flammability tests, i.e. a small-scale flame test, an oxygen index test and a laboratory-scale gallery test, and both sample and rank correlation coefficients were calculated. As a result, the authors have concluded that fire resistance of belting materials themselves could not be adequately assessed by the results from the drum friction test, which could have some significance only when other combustible materials exist near the drive pulleys or idlers of belt conveyors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140302
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  • 24
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    An examination of piloted ignition characteristics of cellulosic materials using the ISO ignitability test (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The ISO Ignitability Test apparatus is used to determine the times to ignition for cellulosic materials under an incident radiative flux within the range 1--5 kW/m2. A linear relationship is determined between time to ignition and incident flux, and a means of using these results to classify building materials is proposed, based upon an empirical flux-time product.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140304
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  • 25
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    On the thermal ignition of combustible materials (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Formulas are derived for the time to achieve the ignition temperature as a function of the incident heat flux and the various thermophysical material parameters for thermally thick, thermally thin and thermally intermediate solid combustibles. Predictions are compared with recent experimental data for various natural wood species and wood products, and to previous data for wood and thermoplastics. The correlations are excellent when (1) the physical parameters used as the axes of the plots are chosen consistent with those of the theoretical formulas and (2) the experiments and the materials do not violate any of the restrictions imposed by the theory. From these plots it is easy to estimate the minimum heat flux for ignition, which is of great importance both in practice and for making theoretical predictions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140303
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    Defining the thermal environment in fire tests (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The ability of engineered systems to withstand a fire environment is usually demonstrated by test. Iterative design and experimentation historically has been used to develop these engineered systems. To optimize the engineered system, in instances where the cost of the prototype is high, the process of iterative redesign and testing may be infeasible. Consequently, in such instances it is desirable to predict the thermal performance of the engineered system analytically. In order to predict the thermal performance of the engineered system the thermal insult the test environment provides to a test unit must be quantified. To quantify the thermal insult, both temperature and heat flux measurements are necessary. However, as will be discussed, one of the major difficulties associated with conducting any type of fire test is making accurate measurements in both the fire and on the test unit. This paper discusses a number of measurement techniques. Due to the potential for errors in the measurements, the uncertainty in the measured parameters is emphasized.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140403
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    Electronic Resource
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    Fire-Resistant joints in gypsum wallboard (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In situations where joint failure in the protective gypsum membrane is critical to the fire resistance of the system, wallboard manufacturers recommend application of two layers of wallboard with joints in the face layer staggered with joints in the backerboard. Unfortunately, the additional weight load that a second layer of wallboard imposes on the building assembly renders the technique impractical in some situations. Two examples are wallboard ceilings attached directly to wood joist or wood truss floor systems or suspended by hanger wire to steel furring channels below these floor systems. Small-scale laboratory tests demonstrated that the installation of steel ‘Tee’ strips in the finished joint between adjacent gypsum wallboard panels significantly increased the resistance of the joint to passage of fire and hot gases. Use of these strips in the construction of gypsum wallboard protected building systems should provide a significant increase in the fire resistance of the entire assembly without greatly increasing the weight load imposed upon the assembly.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140404
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    Electronic Resource
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    Experimental observations of the effect of pressure and buoyancy on cellulose co-current smoldering (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An experimental study has been performed to determine the potential effect of buoyancy on the rate of propagation of a co-current smolder reaction through a porous solid fuel, and the range of flow velocities where buoyancy effects are significant. In the co-current smolder reaction, the fuel and oxidizer enter the reaction zone from the same direction. In the present experiments this is accomplished by initiating the reaction at the top of the fuel bed, α-cellulose packed at a void fraction 0.85, so that the smolder wave propagates downward opposing an upward forced flow of air. Since in a stratified density field, buoyancy is proportional to the product of gravity and density difference, buoyancy can be controlled by varying either the gravity vector or the gas density. In this study the latter method is followed, varying gas density through the ambient pressure at which the experiments are performed. The smolder velocity is measured for air flow rates varying from 0.2 to 6 gm-2s-1 at constant ambient pressures of 0.6, 0.8 and 1 atm. The results show that for flow rates larger than 1 gm-2s-1 the smolder velocity increases linearly with the air flow rate but is independent of pressure. The reaction peak temperature is weakly dependent on flow rate and independent of pressure. For the present experimental conditions the effect of buoyancy is only observed at very low air flow rates. The mechanisms by which it affects the smolder process appears to be by altering the transport of air to the reaction zone from upstream and downstream of the reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140405
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    Letter to the editor (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 163-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140408
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of reaction-to-fire of decorative high-pressure laminates (HPL) (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Decorative high-pressure laminates (HPL) are used in many applications where their reaction-to-fire is of particular interest. They form finishes of walls and ceilings in buildings, ships and vehicles. Due to the different specifications and regulations in these fields, different grades of this largely standardized material have been tested worldwide with similar results. As a consequence, German and French building regulations state decorative high-pressure laminates to be generally admissible on a minimum level without individual testing. This survey indicates their generic suitability in other fields, e.g. to have ‘low flame-spread characteristics’ according to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140406
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    Electronic Resource
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    News (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 165-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140409
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