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  • Articles  (44)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (44)
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  • 1985-1989  (44)
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  • 1988  (44)
  • Physics  (44)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pulsed extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields on skin wounds in the rat (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 50-Hz magnetic fields ; pulsed magnetic fields ; wound healing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Rats with skin-wounds surgically created on their backs were exposed immediately after surgery and every 12 h thereafter to pulsed, extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields. The shape of the pulse was a positive triangle (50 Hz, 8 mT peak). The rate of healing of skin wounds was evaluated macroscopically and by light and electron microscopy at 6, 12, 21, and 42 days after the operation. A significant increase in the rate of wound contraction was found in rats treated with magnetic fields. Forty-two days after surgery all treated animals show fully closed wounds, while control rats at the same time intervals still lacked a final 6% of the wound surface to be covered. Treated rats showed earlier cellular organization, collagen formation and maturation, and a very early appearance of newly formed vascular network.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A strong static-magnetic field alters operant responding by rats (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: avoidance responding ; carryover effect ; general adaptation syndrome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Forty male rats of the Wistar ST strain were trained and observed for Sidman avoidance (SA) for 7 weeks or for discriminative avoidance (DA) for 14 weeks to determine the effects of exposure to a strong static-magnetic field. Before avoidance conditioning was completed, rats in the SA group were exposed to the static field at 0.6 T, 16 h/day for 4 days during the fifth week, and those in the DA group were exposed for 6 h/day for 4 days during the seventh week. In the SA conditioning, frequency of lever-pressing by exposed rats gradually decreased during 1 week of exposure and stayed low for at least 2 weeks after exposure. Frequencies of electric shocks received by the rats increased dramatically during the second day of exposure and consistently stayed higher than those of control rats. In the DA condition, exposed rats responded at lower rates than did control rats throughout the observation period. They received more shocks during the 2 weeks following exposure. The data indicate that performance of avoidance responses was inhibited by a comparatively long exposure to a strong magnetic field.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090103
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  • 3
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    Microwave attenuation of ethanol-induced hypothermia: Ethanol tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 63-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: CW irradiation ; colonic temperature ; electromagnetic fields ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of ethanol-induced hypothermia. In one experiment rats were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) ethanol (EtOH) or saline (NaCl) i.p. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate EtOH-induced hypothermia, it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate EtOH-induced hypothermia, groups of rats were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to EtOH injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, rats were injected with EtOH or NaCl at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among rats injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional rats were injected with NaCl or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of EtOH i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of EtOH administered. Attenuation of EtOH-induced hypothermia was more apparent at lower doses of EtOH than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Modulation of tendon fibroplasia by exogenous electric currents (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ELF electric fields ; collagen synthesis ; cell division ; explant orientation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A chicken tendon explant model system has been developed to investigate the effects of extremely-low-frequency (ELF), low-amplitude, unipolar, square wave pulsed electric fields on fibroplasia in vitro. An electric field parameter set consisting of 1-Hz, 1-ms duration pulses, with a time-averaged current density of 7 mA/m2 (peak current density 7 A/m2) induced maximal (32%) increase in fibroblast proliferation in tendon explants exposed for 4 days. Exposure to the same field at an average current density of 1.8 mA/ m2 had no effect on fibroblast proliferation, whereas exposure to current densities on 〉 10 mA/m2 inhibited proliferation and relative collagen synthesis, without affecting noncollagen protein synthesis. Fibroplasia was significantly increased in explants oriented parallel to applied electric fields having current densities of 3.5 or 7 mA/m2, but there was no detectable effect on explants oriented perpendicular to the same electric field. Fibroblast proliferation and relative collagen synthesis were inversely proportional to donor age for chickens in the 3- to 16-week age group used in this study. For these dependent variables (proliferation and relative collagen synthesis), there was no interaction between donor age and ELF electric field exposure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090210
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  • 5
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    Exposure of mammalian cells to 60-Hz magnetic or electric fields: Analysis for DNA single-strand breaks (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: DNA damage ; X-irradiation ; cross-linked DNA ; ovary cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were exposed for 1 h to 60-Hz magnetic fields (0.1 or 2 mT), electric fields (1 or 38 V/m), or to combined magnetic and electric fields (2 mT and 38 V/m, respectively). Following exposure, the cells were lysed, and the DNA was analyzed for the presence of single-strand breaks (SSB), using the alkaline elution technique. No significant differences in numbers of DNA SSB were detected between exposed and sham-exposed cells. A positive control exposed to X-irradiation sustained SSB with a dose-related frequency. Cells exposed to nitrogen mustard (a known cross-linking agent) and X-irradiation demonstrated that the assay could detect cross-linked DNA under our conditions of electric and magnetic field exposures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090305
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  • 6
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    Some behavioral effects of short-term exposure of rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: behavior ; locomotor activity ; acoustic startle ; passive avoidance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Rats were tested for neurobehavioral alterations immediately after exposure to 2.45-GHz (CW) microwave radiation at 10 mW/cm2 for 7 h. Behavioral tests used were locomotor activity, startle to an acoustic stimulus and acquisition and retention of a shock-motivated passive avoidance task. Both horizontal and vertical components of locomotor activity were assessed in 5-min epochs for a period of 30 min using photoelectric detectors. Microwave-exposed animals exhibited less activity than sham-exposed animals. This was most evident during the last 10-15 min of the 30-min test session. Twenty identical acoustical stimuli (8 KHz, 110 dB) were delivered to each rat at 40-s intervals. The microwave-exposed animals were less responsive to the stimuli than sham-exposed animals. Microwave exposure had no effect on the retention of a passive avoidance procedure when tested at 1 week after training. Both the locomotor activity and acoustic startle data demonstrate that, under the conditions of this experiment, microwave exposure may alter responsiveness of rats to novel environmental conditions or stimuli.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090307
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  • 7
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    Suppression of T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity following exposure to 60-Hz sinusoidal electric fields (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: murine allogeneic cytotoxicity ; electric field ; interleukin-2 ; effector lymphocytes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A significant 25% inhibition (P 〈 .005) of allogeneic cytotoxicity of the target cell MPC-11 by the murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line CTLL-1 was observed when the 4-h cytotoxicity assay was conducted immediately following a 48-h pre-exposure of the effector lymphocytes to a 10-mV/cm (rms) 60-Hz sinusoidal electric field. At 1.0 mV/cm a significant 19% inhibition (P 〈 .0005) was seen. At 0.1 mV/cm a nonsignificant 7% inhibition of cytotoxicity was noted. When the 4-h cytotoxicity assay was conducted in the presence of the field using previously unexposed effector lymphocytes, cytotoxicity was not significantly reduced. Cell proliferation in the presence of interleukin-2 was unaffected by the field. These data suggest a dose response and threshold (between 0.1 and 1.0 mV/cm) for inhibition of cytotoxicity in clonal T-lymphocytes by exposure to a 60-Hz sinusoidal electric field. These results suggest mechanisms by which 60-Hz electric fields could affect the function of cells of the immune system.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090311
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  • 8
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    Microwave effects on acetylcholine-induced channels in cultured chick myotubes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: cell membranes ; microwaves ; nonthermal effects ; acetylcholine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of cultured myotubes from chick embryos exposed to microwaves has been experimentally analyzed. Recordings of acetylcholine-induced currents have been obtained via patch-clamp techniques using both cell-attached (single-channel current recording) and whole-cell (total current recording) configurations. During the exposure to low-power microwaves the frequency of the ACh-activated single channel openings decreased, while the ACh-induced total current showed a faster falling phase. Channel open time and conductance were not affected by microwave irradiation. It is concluded that the exposure to microwaves increases the rate of desensitization and decreases the channel opening probability. The nonthermal origin and the molecular interaction mechanisms governing these electromagnetic-induced effects are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090406
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  • 9
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    Magnetic fields and time dependent effects on development (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: chick embryo ; malformations ; critical period ; ELF magnetic fields ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Pulsed, extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields caused a significant increase in abnormalities in the developing chick embryo. The effect was observed when the field was presented during the first 24 h of incubation; no significant effect was observed with exposure from 24 to 48 h of incubation.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090410
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  • 10
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    Current densities induced in swine and rat models by power-frequency electric fields (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 60-Hz electric fields ; dosimetry ; rats ; swine ; models ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Measurements have been made of vector current densities induced by vertical, uniform, 60-Hz electric fields in the torsos of homogeneous models of swine and rats. The observed data were a strong function of the five grounding configurations invested: all four feet grounded, only front feet grounded, only rear feet grounded, left front and right rear feet grounded, and right front and left rear feet grounded. In the first configuration and with an exposure field strength of 10 kV/m, average total current densities induced in the torsos of pigs and rats were 34 nA/cm2 and 20 nA/cm2, respectively. The corresponding value for human exposure is about 250 nA/cm2, 7.3 and 12.5 times larger than for swine and rats, respectively. Current densities measured at 60 Hz can be linearly extrapolated to frequencies in a range extending from at least 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Human and animal current-density data can provide an improved rationale for extrapolating biological data across species. In addition, these data can be used to validate the predictions of numerical models.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090102
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  • 11
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    Measurements of housing density along transmission lines (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: EHV ; power lines ; population distribution ; exposure models ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: One of the fundamental inputs to models of population exposure to the power-frequency fields of high-voltage transmission lines is the density of population about the lines. We examined aerial photographs of over 1,700 km of transmission corridor to characterize the density of nearby housing units. The data show that the density of houses within 200 m of transmission lines (1) is typically smaller than the average density of houses in the local utility's service area, (2) tends to increase with distance from the line, and (3) is inversely correlated with line voltage.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090108
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  • 12
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090201
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  • 13
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    Microwave-induced thermoelastic pressure wave propagation in the cat brain (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwave pulses ; acoustic pressure ; speed of propagation ; attenuation coefficient ; frequency spectrum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents direct measurements of acoustic pressure wave propagation in cat brains irradiated with pulsed 2.45-GHz microwaves. Short rectangular microwave pulses (2 μs, 15 kW peak power) were applied singly through a direct-contact applicator located at the occipital pole of a cat's head. Acoustic pressure waves were detected by using a small hydrophone transducer, which was inserted stereotaxically into the brain of an anesthetized animal through a matrix of holes drilled on the skull. The measurements clearly indicate that pulsed microwaves induce acoustic pressure waves which propagate with an acoustic wave velocity of 1523 m/s.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090205
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  • 14
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    Kinetics of channelized membrane ions in magnetic fields (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 39-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: cyclotron resonance ; ion channels ; multiple conductance ; calcium efflux ; eigenfrequencies ; membrane transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The cyclotron resonance model for channel ion transport in weak magnetic fields is extended to include damping losses. The conductivity tensor is obtained for different electric field configurations, including the circuital field EΦ normal to the channel axis. The conductivity behavior close to the cyclotron resonance frequency ωc is compared to existing Ca2+ -efflux data in the literature. A collision time of .023 s results from this comparison under the assumption that K+ ions are transiting in a 0.35 G field. We estimate a mean kinetic energy of 3.5 eV for this ion at resonance. This model leads to discrete modes of vibration (eigenfrequencies) in the ion-lattice interaction, such that ωn = nωc. The presence of such harmonics is compatible with recent results by Blackman et al. [1985b] and McLeod et al. [1986] with the interesting exception that even modes do not appear in their observations, whereas the present model has no restriction on n. This harmonic formalism is also consistent with another reported phenomenon, that of quantized multiple conductances in single patch-clamped channels.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090104
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  • 15
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    Development of young rats and rabbits exposed to a strong electric field (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 50-Hz electric field ; hormones ; body and organ weights ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Body growth and circulating levels of hormones were assessed in young rats and rabbits exposed to a 50-Hz electric field of 50 kV/m. Eight-week-old male rats were exposed 8 h/ day for 4 weeks and rabbits were exposed 16 h/day from the last 2 weeks of gestation to 6 weeks after birth. The body and the organ growth of exposed rats were not statistically different from those of sham-exposed controls. No important differences from controls were observed in plasma levels of corticosterone, TSH, ACTH, and T4 or in adrenal levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosterone although T3 was slightly, but significantly, decreased. No large histological changes in the thyroid or adrenals were noted. In rabbits, organ and body wieghts of exposed animals were comparable to those of controls. Plasma levels of various hormones (ACTH, GH, T3, T4, corticosterone, cortisol), serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol were not significantly altered. Adrenal content of cortisol was lower, however, in exposed rabbits. No histological changes of the thyroid or adrenal glands were observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090109
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  • 16
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    Effect of ambient levels of power-line-frequency electric fields on a developing vertebrate (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ELF fields ; calcium ions ; electromagnetic fields ; brain tissue ; developing organism ; chicken ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were exposed continuously during their 21-day incubation period to either 50- or 60-Hz sinusoidal electric fields at an average intensity of 10 Vrms/m. The exposure apparatus was housed in an environmental room maintained at 37°C and 55-60% relative humidity (RH). Within 1.5 days after hatching, the chickens were removed from the apparatus and tested. The test consisted of examining the effect of 50- or 60-Hz electromagnetic fields at 15.9 Vrms/m and 73 nTrms (in a local geomagnetic field of 38 μT, 85°N) on efflux of calcium ions from the chicken brain. For eggs exposed to 60-Hz electric fields during incubation, the chicken brains demonstrated a significant response to 50-Hz fields but not to 60-Hz fields, in agreement with the results from commercially incubated eggs [Blackman et al., 1985a]. In contrast, the brains from chicks exposed during incubation to 50-Hz fields were not affected by either 50- or 60-Hz fields. These results demonstrate that exposure of a developing organism to ambient power-line-frequency electric fields at levels typically found inside buildings can alter the response of brain tissue to field-induced calcium-ion efflux. The physiological significance of this finding has yet to be established.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090204
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  • 17
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    Exposure to time varying magnetic fields associated with magnetic resonance imaging reduces fentanyl-induced analgesia in mice (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: magnetic field exposure ; mu opiate agonist ; calcium transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of exposure to clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on analgesia induced by the mu opiate agonist, fentanyl, was examined in mice. During the dark period, adult male mice were exposed for 23.2 min to the time-varying (0.6 T/sec) magnetic field (TVMF) component of the MRI procedure. Following this exposure, the analgesic potency of fentanyl citrate (0.1 mg/kg) was determined at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min post-injection, using a thermal test stimulus (hot-plate 50°C). Exposure to the magnetic-field gradients attenuated the fentanyl-induced analgesia in a manner comparable to that previously observed with morphine. These results indicate that the time-varying magnetic fields associated with MRI have significant inhibitory effects on the analgesic effects of specific mu-opiate-directed ligands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090208
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  • 18
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090301
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  • 19
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    Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three-model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ELF fields ; calcium ions ; brain tissue ; frequency dependence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The frequency dependence of electromagnetic field-induced calcium-ion efflux from chicken brain tissues has been examined at 15-Hz intervals over the range 1-510 Hz. The electric field component was 15 Vrms/m and the magnetic component varied between 59 and 69 nTrms. No patterns of response as a function of frequency could be readily discerned when the differences in mean efflux values between exposed and sham samples were compared. However, the calculated P-value, a function that combines at each frequency the difference between the means of the exposed and sham groups with the variance of each group, does provide a basis for hypothesizing the existence of three frequency-dependent patterns in the data. One pattern includes all the highly significant (P 〈 .01) responses which occur between 15 and 315 Hz, at 30-Hz intervals; two independent trials at 165 Hz, giving nonsignificant responses (P 〉 .5), break this pattern into two groups of five frequencies each, which is contrary to the expected result for a simple Lorentz-force interaction. However, another pattern of significant results at 60, 90, and 180 Hz, but not at 300 Hz, is consistent with a Lorentz-force model. A third pattern, composed of only one significant response at 405 Hz, is very close to the resonance predicted on a linear extrapolation from high-frequency data for 13carbon atoms. This hypothetical ordering of the frequency-response profile provides the basis for future experimental designs to test each possible interaction model and for their connection to the calcium-ion efflux endpoint.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090303
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  • 20
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090101
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    Comparative study of shortwave heating patterns in phantoms with polyethylene and silk partitions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: diathermy ; specific absorption rate ; effective depth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Specific absorption rate (SAR) and effective depths of heating patterns induced by a shortwave, pancake diathermy applicator in fat-muscle phantom are measured. Midplane partitions of polyethylene and silk screen with and without contact chemicals are used. Thermographically obtained SAR data show nearly the same value for silk-screen partitions with and without contact chemicals and slightly lower values with polyethylene partitions, provided that the partition midplanes are tightly pressed against each other. Thermometry data indicate that for low-power exposures the major error in thermographic measurements obtained after termination of heating is due to thermal diffusion and not evaporative cooling in the opened midplane of the phantom.
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    Exposure scheme separates effects of electric shock and electric field for honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: transmission lines ; shocks ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Mechanisms to explain disturbance of honey bee colonies under a 765-kV, 60-Hz transmission line [electric (E) field = 7 kV/m] fall into two categories: direct bee perception of enhanced in-hive E fields, and perception of shock from induced currents. The same adverse biological effects previously observed in honey bee colonies exposed under a 765-kV transmission line can be reproduced by exposing worker bees to shock or E field within elongated hive entranceways (=tunnels). Exposure to intense E field caused disturbance only if bees were in contact with a conductive substrate. E-field and shock exposure can be separated and precisely defined within tunnels, eliminating dosimetric vagaries that occur when entire hives are exposed to E field.
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    Resonant AC-DC magnetic fields: Calculated response (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 315-336 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ELF ; cyclotron resonance ; model ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: An elementary model consisting of one charged particle in a viscous medium exposed to weak ac-dc low-frequency magnetic fields is analyzed to identify and explain the fundamental characteristics of the physical mechanisms that result in a resonance response, which is similar to the familiar cyclotron resonance. The model predicts both frequency and amplitude windows, which are explained in terms of synchronization of the particle with electric fields. Although extrapolation of model results to biological systems is limited by the elementary nature of the model, the model results indicate that observed resonant responses by others of biological systems to ac-dc magnetic fields are probably not due to resonant response of ions in solution, since the model predicts that no resonant response is possible unless the viscous damping is very low, many orders of magnitude lower than the viscous damping of ions in solution.
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    Acute low-level microwave exposure and central cholinergic activity: Studies on irradiation parameters (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 355-362 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; choline uptake ; central nervous system ; radiation parameters ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake was measured in the striatum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of rats after acute exposure (45 min) to pulsed (2 μs, 500 pps) or continuous-wave 2, 450-MHz microwaves in cylindrical waveguides (Guy et al.: Radio Science 14:63-74, 1979) or miniature anechoic chambers (Guy: Journal of Microwave Power 14:327-338, 1979). In all exposure conditions, the average whole-body specific absorption rate was at 0.6 W/kg. Decrease in choline uptake was observed in the frontal cortex after microwave exposure in all of the above irradiation conditions. Regardless of the exposure system used, hippocampal choline uptake was decreased after exposure to pulsed but not continuous-wave microwaves. Striatal choline uptake was decreased after exposure to either pulsed or continuous-wave microwaves in the miniature anechoic chamber. No significant change in hypothalamic choline uptake was observed under any of the exposure conditions studied. We conclude that depending on the parameters of the radiation, microwaves can elicit specific and generalized biological effects.
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    Erratum (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 397-398 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
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    Arthur W. Guy. 1987 Recipient of the d'Arsonval (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 109-111 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
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    B16 melanoma development in black mice exposed to low-level microwave radiation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 105-107 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: melanoma ; pulsed wave ; continuous wave ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of low-level microwave exposure, 2,450 MHz, at a power density of 1 mW/cm2 and specific absorption rate of 1.2 mW/g, continuous waves (CW) or pulsed waves (PW), 2.5 h/day, 6 sessions/week until death (up to 690 h of irradiation), has been studied in black C57/6J mice with B16 melanoma. The results show that no significant effects are observed on tumor development or on survival times compared to controls, or between CW- and PW-treated animals.
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    The bioelectromagnetics research laboratory, University of Washington: Reflections on twenty-five years of research (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 113-128 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
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    Effects of static magnetic fields on diffusion in solutions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 159-166 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Lorentz force ; Maxwell stress ; threshold field strength ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Static magnetic fields affect the diffusion of biological particles in solutions through the Lorentz force and Maxwell stress. These effects were analyzed theoretically to estimate the threshold field strength for these effects. Our results show that the Lorentz force suppresses the diffusion of charged particles such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and plasma proteins. However, the threshold is so high, i.e., more than 104 T, that the Lorentz force does not affect the ion diffusion at typical field strengths (a few Tesla at most). Since the threshold of gradient fields for producing a change in ion diffusion through the Maxwell stress is more than 105 T2/m for paramagnetic molecules (FeCl3, O2) and plasma proteins, their diffusion would be unaffected by typical gradient fields (100 T2/m at most) and even by high gradient fields (less than 105 T2/m) used in magnetic separation techniques. In contrast, movement of deoxygenated erythrocytes and FeCl3 colloids (more than 103 molecules) is influenced by the usual gradient fields due to a volume effect.
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    Chronic exposure to elf fields may induce depression (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 195-205 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: pineal gland ; electric fields ; magnetic fields ; circadian rhythms ; melatonin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Exposure to extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electric or magnetic fields has been postulated as a potentially contributing factor in depression. Epidemiologic studies have yielded positive correlations between magnetic- and/or electric-field strengths in local environments and the incidence of depression-related suicide. Chronic exposure to ELF electric or magnetic fields can disrupt normal circadian rhythms in rat pineal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity as well as in serotonin and melatonin concentrations. Such disruptions in the circadian rhythmicity of pineal melatonin secretion have been associated with certain depressive disorders in human beings. In the rat, ELF fields may interfere with tonic aspects of neuronal input to the pineal gland, giving rise to what may be termed “functional pinealectomy.” If long-term exposure to ELF fields causes pineal dysfunction in human beings as it does in the rat, such dysfunction may contribute to the onset of depression or may exacerbate existing depressive disorders.
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    Diurnal patterns in brain biogenic amines of rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 229-236 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: neurotransmitters ; circadian rhythm ; norepinephrine ; dopamine ; serotonin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Levels of brain neurotransmitters and their metabolites, as well as concentrations of enzymes associated with their synthesis and metabolism, fluctuate during the day in patterns defined as circadian. The present study examined these rhythms in albino rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. Thirty-six animals were exposed to a 39 kV/m field for 4 weeks, 20 h/day, in a parallel-plate electrode system. A group of 36 sham animals was similarly handled and housed in a nonenergized exposure system. On the sampling day, animals were sacrificed at 4-h intervals throughout the 24-h day. Brains were removed, dissected, and kept frozen until chemically analyzed. The levels of biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in the striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) methods. Repeated exposure to 60-Hz electric fields produced significant alterations in the diurnal rhythms of several biogenic amines: dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC, the primary metabolite of dopamine in the rat) in the striatum, and norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA; serotonin metabolite) in the hypothalamus. Levels of serotonin in the striatum and hypothalamus showed clear circadian patterns that was not affected by the field. No diurnal or field-related changes were observed in the hippocampal amines.
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    Learning ability of young rats is unaffected by repeated exposure to a static electromagnetic field in early life (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 269-273 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: development ; magnetic field ; newborn rats ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Infant albino rats were exposed to a static electromagnetic field of 0.0 Tesla (control) or 0.5 Tesla (experimental) for 14 postnatal days. Following a 1-month rest period, the experimental (13 males and 10 females) and control (11 males and 14 females) rats were trained on four successive reversals of a position habit in a single-unit enclosed T-maze that was adapted for the use of escape-avoidance of mild foot shock as a motive. There was no significant difference in learning ability between the experimental and control groups in terms of total (initial combined with repetitive) errors committed over the four reversal problems. While the females tended to make more errors than the males, this difference was likewise insignificant.
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    Mechanism of biological effects observed in honey bees (apis mellifera, L.) hived under extra-high-voltage transmission lines: Implications derived from bee exposure to simulated intense electric fields and shocks (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 285-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: electric fields ; transmission lines ; shocks ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: This work explores mechanisms for disturbance of honey bee colonies under a 765 kV, 60-Hz transmission line [electric (E) field = 7 kV/m] observed in previous studies. Proposed mechanisms fell into two categories: direct bee perception of enhanced in-hive E fields and perception of shock from induced currents. The adverse biological effects could be reproduced in simulations where only the worker bees were exposed to shock or to E field in elongated hive entranceways (=tunnels). We now report the results of full-scale experiments using the tunnel exposure scheme, which assesses the contribution of shock and intense E field to colony disturbance. Exposure of worker bees (1,400 h) to 60-Hz E fields including 100 kV/m under moisture-free conditions within a nonconductive tunnel causes no deleterious affect on colony behavior. Exposure of bees in conductive (e.g., wet) tunnels produces bee disturbance, increased mortality, abnormal propolization, and possible impairment of colony growth. We propose that this substrate dependence of bee disturbance is the result of perception of shock from coupled body currents and enhanced current densities postulated to exist in the legs and thorax of bees on conductors. Similarly, disturbance occurs when bees are exposed to step-potential-induced currents. At 275-350 nA single bees are disturbed; at 600 nA bees begin abnormal propolization behavior; and stinging occurs at 900 nA. We conclude that biological effects seen in bee colonies under a transmission line are primarily the result of electric shock from induced hive currents. This evaluation is based on the limited effects of E-field exposure in tunnels, the observed disturbance thresholds caused by shocks in tunnels, and the ability of hives exposed under a transmission line to source currents 100-1,000 times the shock thresholds.
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    Microwave effect on camphor binding to rat olfactory epithelium (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 347-354 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwave radiation ; 3H-camphor binding ; shedding of membrane protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Microwave radiation decreased specific camphor binding to a membrane fraction of rat epithelium but not to a Triton X-100 extract of this fraction. Inhibition of the ligand binding did not depend on the modulation frequency of the microwave field in the region 1-100 Hz and was not a linear funcion of specific absorption rate (SAR). The decreased ligand binding was due to a shedding or release of the specific camphor-binding protein from the membrane into solution. It is highly probable that several other membrane proteins may be shed into solution during microwave exposure.
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    On the cyclotron resonance mechanism for magnetic field effects on transmembrane ion conductivity (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 381-385 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: membrane channels ; ion transport ; dynamic friction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The cyclotron resonance model, recently proposed to account for physiological response to weak environmental magnetic fields, is shown to violate the laws of classical mechanics. Further, it is argued that the ubiquitous presence of dynamic friction in fluid media precludes significant magnetic effects on membrane ion transport.
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    Lithium as a normal metabolite: Some implications for cyclotron resonance of ions in magnetic fields (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 387-391 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: H fields ; trace elements ; nutrition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Cyclotron resonance of ions has been proposed as a mechanism by which weak, extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields can act on biological systems. Critics of a mechanism predicated on resonance of lithium have argued that this element is virtually absent from the internal milieu of mammals and otherwise plays no role in the normal physiological functioning of the organism. Sophisticated techniques of trace-element analysis have recently revealed that lithium is a normal constituent of tissues of assayed mammals, including those of rats and human beings. There is evidence, too, that lithium is an important, biologically-active element. Cyclotron resonance may or may not be a mechanism by which ELF- and static-magnetic fields at low strengths combine to affect the organism, but rejection of this mechanism on the grounds that lithium is absent or is physiologically inadequate is unwarranted. Lithium is normally present and is metabolically active in many tissues, especially those of the of the neuroendocrine system.
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    Influence of 60-hertz magnetic fields on leukemia (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 149-158 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: P388 cells ; mice ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Female DBA/2 mice at 8 weeks of age were implanted with P388 leukemia cells in groups of ten mice and exposed to a 60-Hz 1.4-μT, 200-μT, or 500-μT magnetic field 2-3 hours after the implant for 6 hours daily, 5 days/week until all the exposed P388-treated and nontreated mice died. Parallel exposed groups of non-P388-treated mice and P388-treated mice exposed at 0 μT were included for study. No statistically significant differences (P 〉 .05) in survival, spleen weight, or body weight resulted between P388-treated or nontreated mice from exposure to the magnetic field. No effect on the incidence or progression of P388 leukemia was apparent.
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    Influence of microwaves on the beating rate of isolated rat hearts (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 175-181 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: heart rate ; bradycardia ; double-circulating system ; perfusion ; arrhythmia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Previous reports have shown that microwave exposure can decrease the beating rate of isolated rat hearts. These experiments were conducted at room temperature and with the hearts exposed to air. We observed arrhythmia frequently at room temperature, and the variation of heart beat was so large that it makes the results difficult to reproduce. Therefore, we employed a double-circulating system to provide perfusion through the coronary artery and around the outside of the heart to maintain the rat hearts at 37.7°C. No arrhythmias were observed in our experiments, and the hearts were beating for at least 1 h. The effects of 16-Hz modulated 2,450-MHz pulsed microwaves (10 μs, 100 pps) on the beating rate of 50 isolated rat hearts were studied. Results showed no statistically significant changes of heart rate in exposed groups at SARs of 2 and 10 W/kg compared with the control group. The effect seen at 200 W/kg was shown to be similar to that resulting from heating the heart.
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    Myelogenous leukemia and electric blanket use (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 207-213 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: electric blankets ; leukemia risk ; electric fields ; magnetic fields ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: In a case-control study of adult acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia in Los Angeles County, we tested the hypothesis that excess exposure to electromagnetic fields from electric blankets was associated with risk of leukemia. We did this by studying 116 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 108 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) along with matched neighborhood controls. The cases and controls were queried as to electric blanket use and the risks computed. For AML the risk was 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.6) and for CML the risk was 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.6). Cases did not differ from controls by duration of use, year of first regular use, year since last use, or socioeconomic status. Our best estimates of exposure indicate that electric blanket use increases overall exposure to electric fields by less than 50% and magnetic fields by less than 100%. We conclude that there is no major leukemogenic risk associated with electric blanket use in Los Angeles County.
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    Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave and 100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on liposome permeability at the phase transition temperature (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 249-257 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: liposomes ; dipalymitoylphosphatidylcholine ; dipalymitoylphosphatidylglycerol ; cytosine arabinofuranoside ; radiofrequency ; microwave radiation ; fetal calf serum ; phase transition temperature ; membrane permeability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Large unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphos-phatidylglycerol (DPPG) liposomes loaded with an aqueous chemotherapeutic drug, cytosine arabinofuranoside (ARA-C), were exposed for 30 min to 60 W/kg continuous-wave (CW) 100-MHz or 2.45-GHz radiation in vitro at temperatures between 37 °C and 43 °C. Liposomes were exposed in HEPES buffer or in HEPES buffer supplemented with 44% by volume fetal calf serum (FCS). Characteristic phase transition responses were detected in the range of 39 °C to 40 °C with the presence of FCS, increasing maximum % release of 3H-ARA-C by 20% relative to HEPES suspension. Neither frequency of electromagnetic radiation had any detectable effect on liposome permeability or the location of the phase transition in the presence or absence of FCS.
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988) 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090401
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    Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 337-345 
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    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwave fields ; cortex ; EEG ; spike unit discharges ; background activity ; evoked response ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Unanesthetized rabbits exposed to 12.5-cm microwaves at a field intensity of 40 mW/cm2 in the region of the head showed an increase in the number of slow waves and spindleshaped firings in the EEG and a change in the discharge frequency of neurons in the visual cortex in 41-52% of the cases. An enhancement of the evoked response of visual cortex neurons to light was observed in 61% of the cases and a facilitation of the driving response in 80% of all cases. It is concluded that the evoked response is a more sensitive indicator of the microwave effect than background activity. The effects of the fields were most distinctly observed with the driving response.
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    Analysis of electric and magnetic fields leaking from induction heaters (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: RF induction heaters ; magnetic field probes ; occupational RF exposure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Results are presented of an investigation on electric and magnetic fields leaking from inductive (magnetic) heaters that are used for thermal processing of high-power electron tubes and lasers in an industrial plant. Measurements of electric and magnetic fields were done using both commercially available and laboratory-developed instrumentation. Isotropic H-field sensors were developed to allow quantitative evaluation of high-intensity magnetic fields. Ten induction heaters with nominal A.C. power ranging from 2.5 kW to 15 kW and operating at frequencies between 300 kHz and 790 kHz were surveyed. Electric field strengths up to 8 kV/m and magnetic field strengths up to 20 A/m were measured.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090407
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Referees for Bioelectromagnetics, 1988 (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090412
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