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  • Articles  (95)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrieval of thick sections from glass for high-voltage electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 69-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040109
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  • 2
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040201
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    A modified goodman's technique for obtaining rocking-beam type patterns (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: TEM ; CBED ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A new method was developed for convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and large angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED) in the JEM-100CXII. This method is obtained in the imaging mode using the defocus objective lens and by re-setting condenser-2. A multi-dark field CBED pattern was achieved in two ways.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040404
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  • 4
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    Specimen handling and data interpretation in x-ray microanalysis of frozen hydrated etched gastrointestinal tract (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature ; Microanalysis ; Duodenum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of mammalian tissue allows microanalysis data and morphological results to be considered together, without the risk of elemental diffusion introduced by liquid fixatives and processing agents. The technique, however, is time consuming and there are many areas where errors are possible and standardization of technique is advisable. The present paper describes some of the problems inherent in handling frozen tissue and comparison is made between microanalytical measurements from luminal contents and those from villous epithelium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040407
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  • 5
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    Fracture - Permeation: A technique to assess cytoplasm compactness after glutaraldehyde-fixation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 385-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Freeze-fracture ; Ferritin ; Cytoplasmic matrix ; glutaraldehyde ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We have developed a method - “fracture-permeation” - to assess the compactness of the cytoplasm in glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. Cells or tissues are fixed in glutaraldehyde, impregnated with glycerol, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The cells are freeze-fractured, thawed, deglycerinated, and immersed in concentrated solutions of globular proteins. In initial experiments, we used native ferritin (NF) to permeate model matrices made of bovine serum albumin (BSA). We show that permeation depends on the concentraion of proteins within the cross-linked matrix: NF permeates matrices made from 10 or 15% (w/v) BSA solutions but do not permeate matrices made from solutions with 20% (w/v) protein or more. With freeze-fractured cells, ferritin molecules were unable to permeate the cross-linked cytoplasm of fungal zoospores and cysts, used here as examples of resting cells. In human lymphocytes from peripheral blood, permeation of ferritin was limited or absent, but it became massive in cells activated by phytohemagglutinin. Massive permeation of ferritin was also observed within the cytoplasmic matrix of other active cells (fungal sporangia, germinating cysts). In the examined resting cells, glutaraldehyde crosslinks the proteins into a dense matrix that effectively excludes ferritin (diameter 12 nm). These findings cannot be explained by models that envisage all cytoplasmic proteins congregated into a single-phase microtrabecular lattice with the nature and dimensions proposed by Porter and co-workers. We conclude that compactness of the cytoplasm matrix depends on the physiological state of the cell: It varies through differentiation and is related to the degree of cellular activity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040409
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  • 6
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    An improved specimen carrier for large-scale embedment with lowicryl (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 73-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040110
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  • 7
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    Preface (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 81-87 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040202
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  • 8
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    Section IV: Digital processing methods for structural analysis in high resolution electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 113-125 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040206
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  • 9
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    Professor Hashimoto and the theory of two-beam lattice fringes (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 131-133 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Lattice fringes ; Planar interfaces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A simple theory is presented to explain the origin of two-beam lattice fringes and to show how they can be used to derive the displacement vector of planar interfaces. The theory may have some value for pedagogical purposes since it provides some insight and emphasizes the similarity with optical interference experiments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030111
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  • 10
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    Bas-relief for enhancement of photomicrographs (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 369-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030314
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  • 11
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    Biography of Hatsjiro Hashimoto (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 3-3 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030103
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  • 12
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    The process of amorphization induced by electron irradiation in alloys (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High voltage electron microscopy ; High resolution electron microscopy ; Amorphous ; Amorphization ; Niti alloy ; Mosaic block ; Electron irradiation damage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Amorphization induced by electron irradiation in Ni-50 at% Ti crystals has been investigated by electron microscopy. In order to clarify successive stages of amorphization, micrographs were taken in vairous regions where the total dose of electrons was continuously changed. Contrast was manipulated by changing the reflecting condition. Results obtained are summarized as follows: (a) Amorphization occurs inhomogenously; (b) there is a critical size, i.e., about 5 nmø in the crystals, for observing sharp lattice images in small blocks; (c) lattice images change to short and wavy fringe contrasts when the block size becomes smaller than the critical one, and finally they disappear; and (d) boundary contrast of the blocks rapidly decreases with decreasing size, and is hardly observed when the size becomes smaller than the critical one. Based on the results, the cause of abnormal fringe contrasts in fine blocks, the amorphization process, and atomic structures of amorphous materials are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030106
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  • 13
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    Electron diffraction phenomena observed with a high resolution STEM instrument (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 25-44 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Microdiffraction ; In-line holography ; Small particles ; Crystal structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Because of the high brightness of the cold field emission source used in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) instrument, it is possible to focus electrons to a cross-over of width 3Å or less and, with a suitable detection system, to obtain diffraction patterns from specimen regions of this size or greater. Coherent interference effects are visible in shadow images (in-line holograms) and in convergent beam diffraction patterns. Special techniques have been developed for gathering information from the diffraction patterns for application to the study of the structures of crystal defects, crystal surfaces and small particles. Possibilities have been explored for holographic reconstruction from shadow images.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030105
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  • 14
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    Announcement (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030202
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  • 15
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    A comparison of unidirectional and rotary metal evaporation shadowing by computer simulation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 169-176 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Shadowing ; Unidirectional ; Rotary ; Computer simulations ; Screening ; Void space ; Resolution ; Interpretation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This work employs a Fortran program to simulate rotary shadowing, that is, metal evaporation deposits in which the substrate is rotating during the deposition process. The results are compared with computer simulations of unidirectional shadowing published in a previous paper. (See Colquhoun et al., 1985). The analysis shows that a substantial improvement in resolution is possible with rotary shadowing. The improved information retrieval amounts to ∼15% with a shadow angle of 33° and ∼37% with a shadow angle of 8°. Unidirectional shadowing results in a grain linearity; the computer simulations show that this undesirable effect is eliminated by the rotary process.These advantages of rotary shadowing are discussed along with the more straight forward interpretability of the rotary shadowed images. These advantages are weighed against the higher contrast generated by the unidirectional shadowing process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030205
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  • 16
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    Detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 265-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Diagnostic virology ; Clinical virology ; Clinical electron microscopy ; EM techniques ; Virus morphology ; Virus identification ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electron microscopy can aid in the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases, as it can be performed in a matter of hours, but on a routine basis it should be used in conjunction with other techniques. Initially, the specimen source and patient symptoms should be ascertained, as these will lend suggestions of possible agents while eliminating others; however, this information should not be allowed to prejudice observation in such a way as to cause oversight of an unlikely pathogen. Second, selection of the method of preparation should be based on sample consistency; extraction, debris clarification, concentration, tissue culture amplification, or embedment may be necessary. Finally, false-positive results must be avoided by differentiating viruses from cell organelles or debris, mycoplasmal or bacterial contamination, and bacteriophages.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040305
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  • 17
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040401
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  • 18
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    Comparison of polyethylene glycol and diethylene glycol distearate embedding methods for the preservation of fungal cytoskeletons (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 347-360 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Fungus ; Embedment-free sections ; Freeze substitution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Hyphae of the fungus Basidiobolus magnus were embedded in extractable polyethylene glycol (PEG) or diethylene glycol distearate (DGD) to prepare embedment-free sections in order to seek components of the cytoskeleton that may be obscured in epoxy-embedded sections. All methods showed that hyphae possess an intricate filamentous matrix, which is apparently unoriented. However, the appearance of the cytoskeleton depended on the embedding medium, the solvent used during embedding, and whether cells were fixed by conventional fixation or freeze-substitution. PEG proved to be the best embedding medium for fungal cells because DGD caused cell shrinkage and produced a more lamellar than filamentous matrix. Also, the cytoskeletal filaments were clearer in freeze-substituted cells than in conventionally-fixed cells. Since we failed to find microtubules in the embedment-free sections, we re-embedded cells in Epon to discern whether microtubules or other cytoplasmic components had changed. Neither PEG nor DGD adequately preserved microtubules as compared to regular Epon-embedded sections, and other cellular structures were significantly altered. Therefore, alternative methods need to be employed to further characterize fungal cytoskeletons.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040405
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  • 19
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    Ultrastructural patterns of ferritin permeation into glutaraldehyde-fixed freeze-fractured sarcomeres characterize stages of contraction in striated muscle (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 329-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Fracture-permeation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We show that “fracture - permeation” - a method developed to assess the compactness of the cytoplasm - can establish the distribution of intermolecular spaces in the sarcomeres of glutaraldehyde-fixed striated muscle. As examples of striated muscle, we use sartorius muscle from toad (Bufo marinus) and papillary cardiac muscle from the left ventricle of Sprague - Dawley rats. Tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, frozen, cross-fractured in liquid nitrogen, and thawed. Tissue fragments were immersed in concentrated solutions of native ferritin (30% w/v). Random fractures gave ferritin direct access to all regions of the sarcomere. We show that a sequence of four qualitatively distinct patterns of ferritin distribution is associated to a progressive sequence of sarcomere lengths. The correspondence between sarcomere lengths and patterns of ferritin permeation permits the recognition of sarcomeres in rigor (no penetration of ferritin), stretched (penetration into the I band and H zone), or at rest length (penetration restricted to the I band). Similar patterns of ferritin permeation can also be recognized in oblique sections. In cardiac muscle, ferritin permeates into the A bands of contracted sarcomeres and shows an increase in disorder within the filament lattice during contraction. The patterns of ferritin permeation observed in sarcomeres in rigor, stretched, or at rest length are those predicted from changes in filament overlapping proposed by Huxley's “sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.” Our results illustrate the power of fracture-permeation to investigate intermolecular distances in cytoplasmic matrices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040403
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  • 20
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    Preparation of lithium specimens for transmission electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 381-383 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Chemical polishing ; Double tilt vacuum specimen holder ; Electron beam irradiation ; In situ growth of crystals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method of preparing undeformed thin lithium specimens for TEM is described. A solution of dehydrated methanol and toluene is used both for initial dishing of the foil by chemical polishing and also for final thinning. Under electron beam irradiation in the TEM, new pure Li crystals can grow out of the existing Li specimen. These in situ crystals can be used for the study of the microstructure and electronic structure of Li using TEM and electron energy loss spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040408
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  • 21
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    A survey of ultra-rapid cryofixation methods with particular emphasis on applications to freeze-fracturing, freeze-etching, and freeze-substitution (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 177-240 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040302
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  • 22
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    Announcement (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 315-315 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040307
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  • 23
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    Freezing and drying of biological tissues with a toggle-link helium freezer and an improved freeze-drying apparatus: Application to neuropeptide immunocytochemistry (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 315-328 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Enkephalin ; Brain ; Liver ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A freezing apparatus has been developed for bringing blocks of tissue into contact with a block of sapphire chilled to 17°K. A toggle linkage minimizes rebound by slowing the rate of approach of the tissue to the cold surface to a velocity of zero. A glove box limits condensation on the surface of the sapphire, and a miniature moist chamber protects the specimen from drying and premature freezing. About 50 blocks of tissue can be frozen in an hour and a half by using 5 liters of liquid helium. The tissue is then frozendried at controlled temperature, fixed with OsO4 vapor, and infiltrated with epoxy resin in a simple bench-top freeze-drier without breaking vacuum. About two-thirds of the blocks are useful for electron microscopy. Brain tissue frozen and dried by using these methods retains enough immunoreactivity for enkephalin in plastic sections to permit its detection with immunohistochemistry by using both the light microscope (with immunofluorescence) and the electron microscope (with colloidal gold).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040402
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  • 24
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    Cross-Section preparation for tem of film-substrate combinations with a large difference in sputtering yields (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 361-369 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cross-section specimen ; Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy ; Thin films ; Titanium nitride ; High speed steel ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The preparation of cross-section samples of thin films for TEM, may be difficult and tedious, especially if the difference in chemical or physical etching rates is large between the film and the substrate. In this paper, a method is presented whereby cross-sections can be prepared even if the film and the substrate have a large difference in sputtering yield. By utilizing the strong angular dependence of the sputtering yield and sputter at a low ion incidence angle with respect to the substrate surface of 7-12° and, furthermore, by avoiding sputtering parallel to the interface, samples with homogeneous thickness can be obtained. The technique is demonstrated on reactively sputtered titanium nitride coatings on high speed steel substrates. The difference in sputtering yields is about three for this film-substrate combination with the substrate being sputtered fastest.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040406
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  • 25
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    Freeze-Fracture of physiologically identified neuromuscular junctions from single frog muscle fibers (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 147-156 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Identified neuromuscular junctions ; Freeze fracture ; Active zones ; Synaptic efficacy ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We developed a technique for freeze-fracturing single physiologically identified neuromuscular junctions. This technique permits direct comparison of quantal content with morphological variables such as active zone length per unit terminal length for the same cell. The technique was developed to elucidate the structural basis for variability in transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. The procedures were as follows: (1) record quantal content by conventional intracellular recordings; (2) mark cells for identification by fluorescent dye injection; (3) fix and stain endplate cholinesterase; (4) glycerinate and remove single fibers from the muscle; (5) draw endplate morphology; (6) freeze-fracture single muscle fibers; (7) examine in a transmission electron microscope; and (8) photograph and measure nerve terminal membrane ultrastructure. We found that approximately 15% of freeze-fractured single muscle fibers exhibited nerve terminal active zones. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, physiological and morphological information from an identified junction is presented. Freeze-fracture of identified cells has several advantages over thin sections, which cannot accurately show such things as active zone length, spacing, or intramembrane particles. This technique also has applications to the study of active zone ultrastructure in situations where neurotransmitter release is known to differ from normal levels. In addition, direct correlations between membrane structure and function can be studied in other preparations by this method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040210
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  • 26
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    Foreward (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030102
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    Merits of high resolution electron microscopy in the study of alloy structures (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High resolution electron microscopy ; Alloy structures ; Domain boundaries ; Solute atoms ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We found that high resolution electron microscopy has the following merits in the study of alloy structures: (1) New phases too small to be studied by x-rays, such as σ-related phases, may be studied; (2) local and highly disordered structures, such as domain boundaries and domains of only a few unit cells, are more easily studied; and (3) it is easier to order solute atoms, such as Ti atoms columns in Cu4Ti.
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030201
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030401
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    Use of mixed glycosidase for the removal of mucus from the rat nasal epithelium in SEM studies (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Mucus removal ; Nasal epithelium ; Rat ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The surface layer of mucus, which obscures the epithelium from view, is a major obstacle when performing scanning electron microscopic studies of the nasal mucosa. Samples treated with a 1% mixed glycosidase solution for 1 or 2 minutes, followed by agitation, removed most of the mucus from the conchae without damaging the underlying epithelium. Removal of mucus allows the complete evaluation of the underlying epithelium in normal animals and the localization and characterization of lesions in animals exposed to nasal toxicants.
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    Monolayer freeze-fracture - a modified procedure (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 439-451 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Monolayer freeze-fracture ; Trans-membrane proteins ; Erythrocyte membrane proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Monolayer freeze-fracture of biological membranes is a valuable tool for integrating membrane morphology with biochemical analysis of membrane components. This correlation has been restricted by the purity of the biochemical sample. In this article, the method is reviewed, and an improved method is described. The essential modification was the use of a polysaccharide-coated microscope slide, instead of a copper plate, to cover cells attached to a polylysine-coated coverslip. It was found that proper freeze-fracture will not occur unless there is a distinct temperature gradient, with its accompanying stresses, across the cell monolayer during the freezing process. This gradient is achieved by using glass slides of different thickness to cover each side of the monolayer. Comparison of the results with those obtained when using a copper-glass system demonstrated a consistently purer sample for the glass-glass system, with whole-cell contamination of the external membrane leaflet being reduced to 0.4%. Problems associated with obtaining pure samples for biochemical analysis are discussed, and the results of freeze-fracture with the glass-glass and glass-copper systems are compared. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides associated with the separate halves of the erythrocyte membrane demonstrated that band 3, the anion transport protein, separates with the cytoplasmic face, whereas only sialoglycoproteins and their fragments are retained in the external face. This finding, obtained with the glass-glass system, is consistent with results of our earlier freeze-fracture study that used a copper-glass system which showed that covalent bonds may be broken during this procedure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030407
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    Cytochemical identification of cerebral glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase activity under normal and experimental conditions: I. Neurons and glia (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 413-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Enzyme Cytochemistry ; Glycogen ; Glucose-6-phosphatase ; Central nervous system ; Neurons ; Glia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Reliable ultrastructural techniques are applied for cytochemical identification of glycogen and localization of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity within neurons and glia of the adult mammalian CNS. Modulations in the cerebral localizations of glycogen and G6Pase activity are identified during various experimental conditions (i.e., salt-stress, fasting, and trauma). The cytochemical reaction for demonstration of G6Pase activity implies that the enzyme acts as a phosphohydrolase to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. The degradation of glycogen in vivo is one source of glucose-6-phosphate as a substrate for G6Pase. Glycogen is preserved by perfusion-fixation of the brain with 2% glutaraldehyde-2% formaldehyde. Chopper sections of this material are postfixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide-1.5% potassium ferrocyanide, which serves as a contrast stain for glycogen, or in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide. Plastic-embedded ultrathin sections of CNS tissue postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide are stained for glycogen with periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein. Intracellular glycogen appears as electron-dense isodiametric particles and, under normal and experimental conditions, is most abundant within astrocytes. Neuronal glycogen is sparse to negligible normally but appears increased within specific neuronal populations during stressful states.Optimal preservation of G6Pase activity in the brain is obtained by brief perfusion-fixation with 2% glutaraldehyde. Tissue sections are incubated in a modified Leskes medium containing glucose-6-phosphate or mannose-6-phosphate as substrate and lead nitrate. Utilizing the Gomori lead capture technique, G6Pase reaction product is localized within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and related organelles (i.e., nuclear envelope, Golgi complex) of perikarya, dendrites, and glia. The ER in axons and axon terminals fails to express G6Pase activity under normal conditions but does so in some neurons exhibiting a degenerating appearance. A transient, cytochemical decrease in G6Pase activity may occur within some perikarya during stressed conditions.The results indicate that within neurons and glia of the adult CNS cytochemical stains are well suited for ultrastructural identification of glycogen and localization of G6Pase activity. Modulations in glycogen particle concentration and in localization of G6Pase activity in the neuron can occur in response to conditions that influence the energy metabolism of the cell. These modulations may reflect differences in the regional utilization of glucose as an energy-producing substrate and as a derivative of glycogenolysis within the CNS.
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040101
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    Wheat germ agglutinin fracture-label of lymphocyte plasma and intracellular membranes (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 41-46 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Freeze-fracture ; Cytochemistry ; Fracture-label ; Wheat germ agglutinin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Conventional lectin cytochemistry or immunocytochemistry can be associated with freeze-fracture in fracture-label techniques: The thin section fracture-label and the critical point drying fracture-label. In the first method, which is particularly useful for investigating intracellular membranes, cells or tissues are freeze-fractured, thawed, labeled, and embedded in resin. Wheat germ agglutinin labeling on freeze-fractured human lymphocytes confirms the existence of two compartments of intracellular membranes, based on the sialoglycocomponent content.
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    Digital image processing for nonperiodic objects and an on-line image processing system for high resolution electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 55-62 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Autocorrelation ; Noise removal ; On-line image processing ; Diffractogram ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A digital image processing method for noise removal and image enhancement in nonperiodic structural images is described. The method for noise removal uses a reversible transform between an image and image autocorrelation function. The Laplacian filter is then employed for image enhancement. Furthermore, an on-line image processing system for highresolution TEM is presented.
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    A method for scanning electron microscopic observation of glomerular vascular poles in rat kidneys (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 63-64 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Review: Conference on recent advances in electron and light imaging in biology and medicine held at the new york city sheraton centre hotel, march 18-21, 1986. Sponsored by the new york academy of science, and chaired by Dr. Andrew Somlyo, University of Pennsylvania (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 75-75 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040111
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    Section I: Freeze-fracture (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 87-95 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040203
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    A simple method for quick-freezing (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 233-241 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Quick-freezing ; Deep-etching ; Balzers' freeze fracture device ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In conventional freeze-fracture replicas produced from tissue cryoprotected with glycerol, the hydrophobic inner surfaces of membranes are revealed, but hydrophillic structures are obscured in the surrounding ice. Quick-freezing of tissue obviates the need for glycerol, which prevents the removal of this ice by etching or freeze-drying, but the major problem in freezing without glycerol cryoprotection is ice crystal formation. We describe here a simple method for quick-freezing tissue, in the absence of glycerol, on a nitrogen-cooled copper block with a hand-held specimen holder. This method freezes samples well enough to preserve molecular detail that can be revealed by subsequent etching. We show some examples of the quality of this freezing with respect to the visualization of molecular detail in isolated protein molecules such as ferritin and catalase. Furthermore, we show examples of in situ cellular structures that are revealed by this method, and we compare the structure seen in these replicas with structures preserved by quick-freezing at liquid helium temperatures.
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    Cryo preparation of isolated rabbit pancreatic islets (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 337-342 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; Cryoanalysis ; Freeze substitution ; Preservation of structural and metabolic cell components ; Processing tissue isolates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A Flotronic silver membrane has been used as a vehicle to process, via freeze substitution, collagenase-derived rabbit pancreatic islets. The procedure provides: (1) a simple, inexpensive method for handling larger numbers of tightly clustered islet aggregates; (2) a metal surface for rapid heat transfer from specimen to cryogen resulting in an increased circumferential zone of fine structural preservation; (3) the elimination of possible artifacts associated with impact or rotation of biological specimens against a cooled, highly polished metal block; (4) superior preservation of structural components not usually observed by conventional modes of fixation; (5) retention of metabolic components which may subsequently be available for immunocytochemical or X-ray energy dispersive procedures.
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    Cross-sectional tem specimens from metal-ceramic composites“This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC03-76SF00098.” (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 361-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030310
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    Detection of sulfur in fixed and embedded rat peritoneal mast cell granules by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 347-356 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Proteoglycans ; Rat mast cells ; Sulfur ; X-ray spectroscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Purified rat peritoneal mast cells contained 3.3 × 10-5 gm SO4 and 2.2 × 10-8 gm Ca/106 cells. The molar ratio of S/Ca in the whole cell was 600:1. Frozen thin sections of unfixed mast cells contained only sulfur (S) in the granules when examined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Mast cells fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and 1.5% formaldehyde in 75% ethanol (Et/Ald) or in mixed buffered aldehydes and embedded in Epon 812 or the low viscosity resin diepoxyoctane (DEO) contained S in all granules and Ca in some of the granules measured. Neither element was found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, or resin. Isolated, Et/Ald fixed and embedded granules also contained S. The presence of Ca in the granules was artifactual in that the Ca was absorbed from water in the trough of the diamond knife and/or from the filter paper used to blot the sections dry. This phenomenon was investigated further. Sections of Et/Ald fixed and embedded mast cells were incubated with 5 × 10-6 to 10-2 M CaCl2. Ca was detectable in 100% of the granules incubated at concentrations ≥ 10-4 M and reached a constant S/Ca ratio of 2.0 at concentrations ≥ 10-3 M. Ca was not detectable in the nucleus, cytoplasm, or resin at 10-2 M. A plot of S versus Ca counts from the granules of cells incubated with 10-2 M CaCl2 was linear with a slope of 2.0 and a correlation coefficient of 0.88. Et/Ald fixed cells incubated with distilled H2O had fewer granules containing Ca, 10%, than unincubated cells, 77%. Further, H2O removed all Ca from Et/Ald fixed cells embedded in DEO. These studies show that S, which is present as SO4 on the proteoglycan heparin, is readily detectable by X-ray EDS in fixed and embedded cells. An artifact of the technique is that weak anionic sites, which are most probably carboxyl groups on the proteoglycan, can bind the divalent cation Ca and cause spurious localization.
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    An efficient procedure for staining electron microscope grids (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 375-376 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    Toward an understanding of liposome structure through the use of computer graphic image correlation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 385-400 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Freeze fractures ; Vesicles ; Liquid crystal ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A computer-aided graphics approach to correlating transmission electron microscope images of freeze-fractured and thin-sectioned samples is outlined. Any three-dimensional model of the imaged structure can be mathematically sectioned to provide a two-dimensional representation of the model in the “fracture” plane. The method is used to demonstrate that the structure of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes is based on a family of Dupin cyclides; closed, parallel surfaces with a conjugate ellipse and hyperbola as curvature defects.
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    Flashing as a means of lowering the effective contrast of photographic papers (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 77-79 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040112
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    Section II: Electron energy loss spectroscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 95-102 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    Section VII: High voltage electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 142-145 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040209
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    Influence of tissue composition on the final volume of rat liver blocks prepared for electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 303-314 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Fixation ; Shrinkage ; Swelling ; Stereology ; Morphometry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Methods for measuring and evaluating changes in volume of small tissue blocks prepared for transmission electron microscopy are presented. The results indicate: (1) that some blocks swell and others shrink, and (2) that changes in block volume can be explained by inhomogeneous changes occurring in three different tissue compartments.For stereological studies attempting to extrapolate changes in fixed and embedded tissue to those of fresh tissue, consequences of inhomogeneous volume changes in tissue compartments include a decrease in reliability and an increase in statistical variance of stereological density estimates. Since factors could not be found to correct for the changes in individual tissue compartments, alternative strategies are considered for dealing with the volume artifacts of fixation.
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    Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section images by computer graphics (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 401-406 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: 3-D Reconstruction ; Serial thin sections ; Computer graphics ; Colonic adenoma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described that allows a three-dimensional object to be reconstructed from micrographs of serial sections by means of computer graphics. The reconstructed object, which can be rotated three-dimensionally, is displayed on a colour visual display unit, and the object is shaded in order to provide an illusion of a three-dimensional structure. Moreover, the technique makes it possible to observe an inner structure as seen through an outer one.
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    Improved fixation of Staphylococcus ureus for electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 455-456 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    Proceedings of the Alabama Electron Microscopy Society held in Birmingham, Alabama, March 20-21, 1986 (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 459-461 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030411
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    Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Iowa Microbeam Society held at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, Sepember 6, 1985 (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 461-462 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030412
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    Characterization of chemically defined neurons and their cellular relationships by combined immunocytochemistry and radioautographic localization of transmitter uptake sites (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 21-39 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Radioautography ; Immunocytochemistry ; Monoamines ; Peptides, GABA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Radioautography and immunocytochemistry may be combined at the light and electron microscopic levels for simultaneously localizing uptake sites for exogenous transmitter molecules [such as (3H)monoamines or (3H)amino acids] and endogenous transmitter-related antigens (classical transmitters and their synthesizing enzymes as well as neuropeptides) in the central nervous system. Silver grain accumulations indicative of transmitter uptake sites are readily distinguishable from immunocytochemical labels of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP), avitin-biotin, or colloidal gold methods. The combination of uptake radioautography and immunocytochemistry may be applied to the investigation of (1) the chemical identity of (3H) transmitter-accumulating elements, (2) the coexistence of different neurotransmitters within the same neurons, and (3) the cellular basis of interactions between certain neurotransmitters, in particular monoamines, GABA, and neuropeptides. This article describes and evaluates the method and reviews the available experimental data derived from its application.
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    A staining syringe for multiple em grids (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 171-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In the EM-routine, the thin sections are usually attached onto round copper grids. The sections on these EM-grids are then stained either with a quite expensive automatic staining apparatus or by transporting the grids by hand from solution to solution. Here we will present a simple, inexpensive and truly reliable apparatus for staining and handling grids.
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    Quantitative analysis of synapse structure with a semiautomatic interactive computer system: A study on identified pyramidal tract neurons in the sensory-motor cortex of cat (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 241-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Pyramidal tract (Pt) neurons in the sensory-motor cortex of cat were labeled by injection of HRP into the spinal cord. Ultrastructural and quantitative analysis of the synaptic covering of their soma and apical dendrite (up to 100 μm from soma) was undertaken. We intercalated a visual-manual treatment between composite electron micrographs and a fully automated computer system and developed specific programs for evaluation of the morphometric data. Programs are included. A total of 412 synaptic boutons were examined that were found in contact with large Pt neurons. The mean linear percentage of the surface area covered by boutons was 26.2 ± 8.4% and the mean contacting length and cross-sectional area of the bouton profiles were 1.28 ± 0.58 μm and 0.89 ± 0.59 μm2, respectively. All types of boutons with active zones accounted for 41.2% of the total. The distribution of two types of bouton (S- and F-type boutons, showing asymmetric and symmetric contacts, respectively) was examined quantitatively. The mean proportion of F-type boutons was 89.1% with a soma and S-type boutons contacting apical dendrites was 10.9%. In addition, GABAergic boutons were identified with the soma by immunocytochemistry with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase. They formed symmetric synaptic contacts with the Pt cells that were identical to those formed by F-type boutons. The quantitative analysis revealed that synaptic clefts are narrower and synaptic vesicles are smaller in symmetric F-type boutons than in S-type boutons forming asymmetric contacts. These data establish that at least three parameters (postsynaptic density, synaptic cleft, and size of vesicles) can be utilized singly or in combination to identify GABAergic inhibitory synapses in neocortex.
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030101
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    Construction and application of a 400 kV analytical atom resolution electron microscope (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 5-24 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Atom resolution ; Analytical electron microscopes ; Fast Fourier transform ; On-line image processing ; Energy selecting electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The factors defining the resolution limit and the conditions for obtaining images at atomic resolutions are briefly discussed. The construction and performance of a 400 kV analytical atom resolution electron microscope (AARM), and the functions of an energy selecting microscope, X-ray micro-analysis, and on-line image processing systems are described. Some examples of applications of the AARM are shown.
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    Transmission electron microscopy of catalysts (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 67-93 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Catalyst structure ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Review ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The determination of the structures of catalysts is an important step in understanding their behaviour and in developing new or improved catalysts. By their nature, catalysts mostly have a structure which can be resolved only by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used near its limit of applicability. This article discusses recent selected examples of the use of TEM to examine materials used as catalysts, such as clusters of atoms, small crystalline particles, the materials (oxides) on which these are supported, zeolites, and deposits of carbon which often form on catalysts during catalytic reactions. Interpretation of the images is often aided by the techniques of image processing.
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    Reminiscences on the early observations of defects in crystals by electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 109-129 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Transmission electron microscope ; Dislocations ; Stacking faults ; Cavendish laboratory ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A personal account is given of the development which led to the observation of dislocations in thin crystals by transmission electron microscopy in the mid-1950s.
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    Modern electron microscopy for materials characterization (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 95-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; H. Hashimoto ; National Center for Electron Microscopy ; Atomic resolution microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: To be successful, today's electron microscopist must have modern, well-maintained facilities and be part of a team of experts with specific skills for research. Furthermore, in an ideal situation specific instruments should be dedicated to specific applications (high resolution, analytical, conventional, etc.), since in general the efficiency of a microscope varies inversely as its operations (and operators?). This is partly a reason for establishing national or regional electron microscopy centers, so that expertise and expensive equipment may be made available in central facilities.In this brief summary an attempt is made to illustrate how sophisticated methods of electron microscopy can be applied to practical problems by choosing representative examples from research at Berkeley using high resolution, high voltage, diffraction, and analytical techniques. More detailed examples have been given in some recent reviews (Thomas, 1984a, and Gronsky et al., 1985).
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030301
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    Ultra-high voltage electron microscopy: Past, present, and future (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 243-304 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) ; In-situ experiments ; Dynamic observation ; Ultra-high voltage electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: High voltage electron microscopy has shown numerous advantages for the study of natural science, including biology, but it is especially useful in materials science. The most important advantage for materials science is in-situ experiments on detailed processes of the same phenomena that occur in bulk materials. For such in-situ experiments, the specimens should be thicker than a few microns to observe the behavior of lattice effect. The maximum observable thickness of the specimens and other advantages markedly increase with increasing accelerating voltage, and since 1965, two 3 MV instruments have been installed. The present paper is mainly concerned with these 3 MV electron microscopes and their applications to new research fields.
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    Rotary shadowing with platinum-carbon in biological electron microscopy: A review of methods and applications (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 305-335 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Shadowing ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze fracture ; Quick freezing ; Mast cells ; Neutrophils ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Rotary shadowing when combined with such specimen preparation techniques as quick freezing and deep etching, critical point drying, and glycerol spraying is a highly versatile method of visualizing cell and macromolecular ultrastructure. This review outlines the procedures commonly used to prepare specimens for rotary shadowing and evaluates the relative merits of rotary shadowing when compared to unidirectional shadowing and negative staining.
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    Leak proof specimen holder modification for twin jet electrolytic polishing units (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 359-360 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    A simple dipping apparatus for autoradiography (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 365-366 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    A simple specimen rotation tip for CTEM and HVEM (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 367-368 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    A method of shipping cell monolayers on glass cover slips for sem (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 371-372 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    The simultaneous transfer of large numbers of electron microscope grids from bath to bath (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    Processing small biological specimens for transmission electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 377-378 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    A simple charge neutralization device for ultrathin sectioning (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 173-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    A new heavy-metal-containing resin for low-temperature embedding and imaging of unstained sections of biological material (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 257-264 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Embedding ; p-Styryl trimethyl tin ; Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Unstained sections ; Ratio-contrast imaging ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A styrene-based, low viscosity, negative-staining resin has been formulated for low-temperature embedding of unstained biological material. The resin, containing 3 atom% tin, permits sample preparations at 243°K, and provides sufficient contrast with bright field conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and excellent contrast in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) ratio mode.
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    On the counting of electrons in high voltage electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High voltage electron microscopy ; Energy loss spectroscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This paper describes work on the counting of electrons in high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). A reliable counting method is needed in order to perform quantitative experiments. A scintillator-photomultiplier device has been adapted to these needs. It has been used here, in the field of electron energy loss spectroscopy. It permits the recording of the totality of the spectrum from the no-loss peak to the inner shell excitation characteristic signals because of a dynamic equal to at least 7. A simple mounting has been made to eliminate the artifacts caused by X-ray pulses. It is shown that HVEM is favourable to the counting of electrons, and some applications are reported.
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    A sorting and searching computer program to index electron diffraction patterns from crystals of low symmetry (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Low symmetry crystals ; Pattern indexing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electron diffraction patterns generated from phases that have low crystallographic symmetry are difficult and tedious to analyze by conventional techniques. This paper describes a computation scheme that can index electron diffraction patterns efficiently and quickly and be easily implemented on a personal computer. The technique is based on sorting and searching and is especially useful when rapid analyses of electron diffraction patterns are necessary and the crystalline phase under study has a low symmetry.
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    Automatic measurement of scanning beam diameter using an on-line digital computer (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron probe beam diameter ; Digital image processing ; Online digital computer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method for the measurement of electron probe beam diameter by digital image processing has recently been published. The purpose of the present report is to describe the development of an automatic system for beam diameter measurement. To complete this system, a method based on a theory which combines automation and high-resolution conditions is proposed. In practice, the beam diameter is measured from the STEM image of a crystalline hole in a gold thin film, utilizing an on-line computer system equipped with newly developed digital processing programs linked to a SEM in the transmission mode. The functions of the programs include statistical processing, matching, noise removal, interpolation, selection, and rotation. By combining these functions, the scanning beam diameter is accurately measured, in spite of difficulties, under most electron microscope operating conditions. The user simply appoints the edge included in the STEM image.
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    A method for sectioning and handling frozen sections for scanning electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 211-215 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Frozen sections ; Internal insect morphology ; Cell ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Glutaraldehyde-fixed insects were embedded in Tissue-TekR and sectioned on a liquid-nitrogen-cooled stage. The sections were sandwiched between two layers of microscope lens paper and all postsectioning treatments were carried out on this sandwich, including dehydration and critical-point drying. In some cases, the sections were placed on filter membranes and lyophilized. These procedures produced intact specimens which maintained internal morphology as well as inter- and intracellular integrity without expensive or specialized equipment.
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    Surfactants as resin modifiers and their effect on sectioning (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 217-222 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Tissue embedding ; Sectioning ; Epoxy resin ; Surfactant ; Glass knife ; Diamond knife ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Ease of cutting thin sections with glass knives is markedly improved if the embedding resin contains a surfactant such as lecithin. With lecithin, it is possible to cut 50-100 thin sections from the same place on the knife edge even after facing off the block with 1-2-μm-thick sections. Image quality is similar to that of the unmodified resin if the resin formula is optimized. If not, some chatter or a “mottled” appearance of the tissue image may be present. Lecithin does not significantly affect sectioning with a diamond knife or the appearance of the section in the microscope. The increased ease of sectioning with glass presumably will be translated to diamond knives in the form of an increased useful life of the cutting edge.
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    Three-dimensional reconstruction of microtubule-containing structures from electron micrographs (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 223-232 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Microtubules ; Frozen hydrated microscopy ; Image processing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Microtubules and associated structures are among the more difficult samples studied by 3D reconstruction techniques because of their size, complexity, and lability. Nevertheless, their importance in many cellular functions often justifies efforts to acquire 3D information up to the resolution limit of negatively stained specimens or beyond. A combined approach which utilizes methods appropriate to both helical symmetry and 2D crystal lattices seems to provide the surest route to 3D reconstruction. Images of unstained specimens obtained by newer techniques of microscopy present challenging problems in data analysis, but potentially offer higher-resolution information.
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    Advances in ultrarapid freezing for the preservation of cellular ultrastructure (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 177-210 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cellular ultrastructure ; Ultrarapid freezing ; Cryoprotection ; Ice crystal formation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Most of our current knowledge of cellular ultrastructure is derived from studies of chemically fixed and chemically cryoprotected preparations. In the first part of this review, we document the many artifacts associated with chemical techniques that render them unsuitable for further refinement of our understanding of cellular ultrastructure. The best method currently available for the preservation of cellular ultrastructure is ultrarapid freezing. The second part of this review is a consideration of the physics of ice crystal formation in biological systems, which suggests that ice crystals will be present in any frozen, uncryoprotected specimen. We define an ultrarapidly frozen preparation as one in which the ice crystals are so small as to be invisible at the electron microscopic level. Improvements in the ease of application and reliability of ultrarapid freezing techniques have reached the point that these techniques can be used by anyone requiring the best achievable preservation of cellular ultrastructure. In the third part of this review, we describe and critique the five methods of ultrarapid freezing in current use.
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    Editorial (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030302
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    Cathodoluminescence attachment to an electron probe instrument (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 343-346 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cathodoluminescence ; GaAs ; InP ; ZnS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A simple cathodoluminescence (CL) attachment to a JEOL JSM-840 scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described. It is based on a Si photodiode mounted inside the SEM chamber. The current amplifier of a backscattered electron detector unit, which is a standard feature of this SEM, is used to amplify and display the CL images. Examples of CL panchromatic (integral) images of GaAs, InP, and ZnS crystals are presented.
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    A method for determining dislocation Burgers' vectors in ice (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 357-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: It is shown that the usual method of Burgers' vector analysis in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) using invisibility criteria is unlikely to succeed for ice. A method is outlined using a novel application of computer-simulated imaging which can be used to perform such an analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030308
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  • 82
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    Preparation of cryofractured embryonic chick connective tissues for scanning electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030311
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  • 83
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    Section V: EM autoradiography (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040207
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  • 84
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    A comparison of on-line digital recording with conventional photographic recording for scanning electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vibration ; Interpolation ; Signal averaging ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has previously utilized a video monitor plus camera as the image recording system. However, this conventional method is inefficient in relation to information present in the original electric signal. Therefore, we propose, for general use, an on-line recording system consisting of an A-D converter, image memory, and computer. In addition, we found that the effect of vibration in the SEM image could be reduced by application of the digital recording system. In the present study, interpolation and signal averaging programs were utilized for confirming the performance level of the on-line recording system. These programs were found to be very effective for SEM.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040211
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  • 85
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    Silver-Enhanced immunogold staining of semithin and ultrathin cryosections (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040215
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  • 86
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    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040301
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  • 87
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    Modification of a TEM-goniometer specimen holder to enable beam current measurements in a (S)TEM for use in quantitative X-ray microanalysis (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: STEM specimen holder ; Beam current ; X-ray microanalysis ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to have available a specimen holder suited to measure the beam current as is often required in quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis, the rod of a low background beryllium specimen holder of a transmission electron microscope was modified. The tip was electrically insulated from the mass of the microscope and connected electrically to the central contact of a BNC connector mounted on the specimen holder handle. With this modified specimen holder the current absorbed by the specimen and/or the specimen holder could be measured easily and accurately. The modified specimen holder has been used to measure the beam current stability of an analytical electron microscope under various conditions. Data were obtained for tungsten as well as lanthanum hexaboride cathodes. Small changes to other types of specimen tips made it possible to exchange these for the low background tip.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030402
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  • 88
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    Controlled mounting of serial sections for electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 453-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030408
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  • 89
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    Specimen holders for Hitachi SEMs (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 457-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030410
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  • 90
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    Application of ion beam sputtering for high-resolution electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ion beam sputtering ; Sputtering yield ; Etching ; Thinning ; High-resolution electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Ion beam sputtering for high-resolution electron microscopy has basically provided miscellaneous operational features such as atomic shadowing, uncoated observation, and etching of biological specimens coupled with tungsten sputter coating and thinning of solid materials.Based on the power-potential law of Lindhard for ionic impact phenomena on metal surfaces, the universal yield-energy relationship has been derived. Thereby the sputtering deposition rate with reference to the sputtering removal rate was obtained as a function of sputtering yield, and the most important angular distribution of sputtering yield could be measured by using the hemicylindrical specimen stage.Evidence is presented to show that ion beam sputtering has become one of the most powerful tools for high-resolution electron microscopy.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040102
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  • 91
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    The use of scanning electron microscope autoradiography to localize the blueberry shoestring virus in its aphid vector (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscope autoradiography ; Virus localization ; Aphid vector ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy autoradiography (SEM-AR) in conjunction with light microscope autoradiography (LM-AR) was used to follow the movement of 125I-labeled blueberry shoestring virus (BBSSV) through its aphid vector Illinoia pepperi with varying acquisition access periods (AAP). At 6 hr AAP, the virus had reached the stomach; at 12 hr AAP, it had reached the anterior of the intestines, and after 48 hr, AAP was present throughout the aphid. SEM-AR using backscatter electron detection proved very useful because the sample bulk resulted in a shortened exposure time compared to LM sections, correlation of the autoradiograms could be made with fine structure, preparing large numbers of samples was easy, and examining whole longitudinal sections of aphids at low magnification with a clearly visible marker was possible. Limitations were mostly attributed to sample preparation and, in some cases, were easily remedied.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040105
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  • 92
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    Observations on the effects on tissue dimensions of altering osmium tetroxide molarity with sucrose or sodium chloride (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 65-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040108
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  • 93
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    Section III: High magnification scanning electron microscopy (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 102-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040205
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  • 94
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    Section VI: Electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry in diagnostic tumor pathology (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 130-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040208
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  • 95
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    Diffraction effect of x-rays on the accuracy of quantitative analysis of crystals (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Diffraction effect ; EDX ; Crystal analysis ; Kossel pattern ; Analytical electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to understand an apparent discrepancy of concentration of constituent elements in the quantitative analysis of thin KCl crystals with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, which has been partly explained by fluorescent X-ray excitation, more detailed experiments were carried out on binary alkali halides and tricomponent amorphous material by changing the azimuthal angle. Intensity ratios of X-rays from the constituent elements in KCl and KBr single crystals varied considerably according to the rotation of the specimens. The observed differences between maximum and minimum intensity ratios were 15% for a thin KCl crystal about 100 nm thick and 20% for a bulk KCl crystal, which corresponded to 4.1% and 4.5% differences in atomic concentration, respectively. It was ascertained that for amorphous materials such as Co87Zr5Nb8, such a variation of the intensity ratio of X-rays was not observed. It is thus proved that the variations of the intensity ratios of X-rays from the constituent elements with azimuthal angle for KCl and KBr are attributed to the diffraction effect of characteristic X-rays generated in crystalline specimens. This effect, which is the same as that in the production of Kossel patterns, is one of the essential factors limiting the accuracy of the analysis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040212
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