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  • Immunocytochemistry  (73)
  • Drosophila melanogaster  (54)
  • Drosophila
  • Springer  (171)
  • Cell Press
  • 1985-1989  (171)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1986  (91)
  • 1985  (80)
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  • 1985-1989  (171)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in patterns of ecdysteroid secretion by the ring gland ofDrosophila in relation to the sterol composition of the diet (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Ecdysteroid ; sterols ; Drosophila melanogaster ; ring gland
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Brain-ring glands fromDrosophila larvae reared on a defined diet containing campesterol (24-methyl-cholesterol) as the major sterol, secreted-in addition to ecdysone-a compound identified previously as a 24-methyl analogue, 20-deoxy-makisterone A. Using ergosterol or cholesterol as the sterol component of the diet, only ecdysone was detectable in cultures of brain-ring glands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01942516
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allozyme polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium ofAdh and α-Gpdh loci in wine cellar and field populations ofDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1048-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Allozyme polymorphism ; linkage disequilibrium ; wine cellar and field populations ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Over three years, theAdh and α-Gpdh loci have been studied in two cellar populations ofDrosophila melanogaster and in two field populations which were each near to one of the cellars. Analyses of gene frequencies indicate that the divergence among subpopulations is greater in theAdh locus than in the α-Gpdh locus. Selection for or againstAdh S allele acting on theIn(2L)t inversion influences of the α-Gpdh alleles. This phenomenon may contribute to explain the maintenance of theAdh and α-Gpdh polymorphism and of theIn(2L)t inversion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940726
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stabilité du polymorphisme électrophorétique de douze populations naturelles françaises de Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; polymorphisme électrophorétique ; populations naturelles françaises ; temps ; Drosophila melanogaster ; enzymatic polymorphism ; French natural populations ; time
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Temporal patterns of allozyme variation over time have been examined for five polymorphic enzyme loci in 12 french natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Taken in their totality, the data show only slight changes in the genetical structure of these populations between years. The good viability of the imagoe at low temperatures and the occurrence of winter immediately after the demographic burst of the species in France involve that the population sizes during winter are probably sufficient to eliminate the genetic drift. Therefore, the stability in the genetical composition from one autumn to another could be explained by the way that the populations analyzed are panmictic.
    Notizen: Abstract L'évolution dans le temps du polymorphisme de 5 locus enzymatiques a été suivie pour 12 populations naturelles françaises de Drosophila melanogaster. La structure génétique de ces populations ne varie pas, ou peu, d'un automne à l'autre. La bonne résistance au froid des imagos et le fait que la période hivernale suive celle de l'explosion démographique de l'espèce en France, indiquent que les populations analysées ne doivent pas subir d'importantes réductions de leurs effectifs durant l'hiver, susceptibles d'entraîner une forte dérive génétique. Dans ces conditions, le maintien de la même structure d'une année à l'autre peut s'expliquer par le fait que les populations sont panmictiques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343541
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of genetic complementation in the study of eukaryotic macromolecular evolution: Rate of spontaneous gene duplication at two loci ofDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 23 (1986), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Duplications ; Complementation ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Maroon-like ; Rosy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Gene duplications must play an important role in the evolutionary development of living organisms. Presented here is a general scheme that uses complementary alleles to isolate gene duplications in diploid organisms. The technique was used inDrosophila melanogaster to assess the rate of spontaneous gene duplication at two loci, maroon-like and rosy. The results indicate (1) that the rate of duplication of the maroon-like locus is on the order of 2.7×10−6; (2) that the rate of duplication of the rosy locus is approximately 1.7×10−4; and (3) that duplication occurs in males, suggesting that there may actually be two modes of gene duplication inDrosophila melanogaster.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099910
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymorphisms in the genomic distribution of copia-like elements in related laboratory stocks ofDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1986), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Transposons ; Polymorphism ; Drosophila ; Southern technique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The genomic distributions of the copia, 297, 412, mdg 1, and B 104 transposable elements have been compared by the Southern technique among two Oregon R and four Canton SDrosophila laboratory lines that have been maintained separately for defined periods of a few years. The heterogeneity of the autoradiographic patterns suggests that multiple transposition events have occurred during the time of separation. The hypothesis that transposition could be induced by, variations of environmental parameters is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099954
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Segmental organisation of the head in the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Blastoderm fate map ; Head segmentation ; Larval cuticle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Embryos of Drosophila melanogaster were irradiated in the presumptive head region with a UV-laser microbeam of 20 μm diameter at two developmental stages, the cellular blastoderm and the extended germ band. The ensuing defects were scored in the cuticle pattern of the head of the first-instar larva, which is described in detail in this paper. The defects caused by irradiating germ band embryos when morphologically recognisable lobes appear in the head region were used to establish the segmental origin of various head structures. This information enabled us to translate the spatial distribution of blastoderm defects into a fate map of segment anlagen. The gnathal segments derive from a region of the blastoderm between 60% and 70% egg length (EL) dorsally and 60% and 80% ventrally. The area anterior to the mandibular anlage and posterior to the stomodaeum is occupied by the small anlagen of the intercalary and antennal segments ventrally and dorsally, respectively. The labrum, which originates from a paired anlage dorsally at 90% EL, is separated from the remaining head segments by an area for which we did not observe cuticle defects following blastoderm irradiation, presumably because those cells give rise to the brain. The dorsal and lateral parts of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton appear to be the only cuticle derivatives of the non-segmental acron. These structures derive from a dorso-lateral area just behind the putative brain anlage and may overlap the latter. In addition to the segment anlagen, the regions of the presumptive dorsal pouch, anterior lobe and post-oral epithelium, whose morphogenetic movements during head involution result in the characteristic acephalic appearance of the larva, have been projected onto the blastoderm fate map. The results suggest that initially the head of the Drosophila embryo does not differ substantially from the generalised insect head as judged by comparison of fate map and segmental organisation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402870
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Pole cells and midgut progenitors ; Cell lineages ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In this paper experiments concerning some aspects of the development of pole cells and midgut progenitors in Drosophila are reported. Cells were labelled by injecting horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) in embryos before pole bud formation and transplanted at different stages into unlabelled embryos, where the transplanted cells developed together with the unlabelled cells of the host. The hosts were then fixed and stained at different ages in order to demonstrate the presence of HRP in the progenies of transplanted cells. The main conlusions of the study are as follows. The gonads are the only organ to the formation of which pole cells normally contribute; those pole cells which do not participate in the formation of the gonads are finally eliminated or degenerate. Since the number of primordial germ cells in the gonads is the same irrespective of the number of pole cells present in the embryo, an (unknown) mechanism must exist regulating the final number of pole cells in each of the gonads. After their formation and before reaching the gonads, pole cells have been found to divide only up to two times. With respect to the midgut progenitors, the cells of both anlagen have been found to be committed to develop into midgut, although they behave as equivalent in that they do not apparently distinguish between the anterior and posterior anlage. Midgut progenitors have been found to divide a maximum of three times and to produce two different types of cells, epithelial cells of the midgut wall and spindle-like cells located internally in the gut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375889
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dominance for enzyme activity inDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; enzyme ; sn-glycerol-3-phosphate ; dehydrogenase ; dominance ; trans, regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A regulatory element tightly linked to theGpdh locus inDrosophila melanogaster has been isolated from a natural population. Flies homozygous for second chromosomes bearing the element,H31, have half the GPDH activity of normal homozygotes. Heterozygotes betweenH31 andF orS alleles exhibit dominance in GPDH activity. Heterozygotes betweenH31, F orS andDf(2L) GdhA have half the diploid level. The contribution of theS allele to the activity inS/H31 heterozygotes is more than four times that ofH31. The regulatory element distinguishingH31 is tightly linked to theGpdh + locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952463
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of assortative mating among age-classes inDrosophila melanogaster: preliminary results (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1051-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Age-structured population ; age-related mating success ; assortative mating ; generation overlap ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A series of experiments on age-related mating success and productivity provides evidence for assortative mating among three out of four age-classes inD. melanogaster. The preferred mating does not always result in the highest productivity. Three age classes of males contribute to reproduction while only females of the youngest age-class are involved. The progeny size is more affected by the age of the females than that of males. It is assumed that these findings must have important implications for generation overlap in natural populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940728
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pupation-temperature range in 12Drosophila species from different ecological backgrounds (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 600-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; temperature-effects ; pupation ; mating ; oviposition ; adaptive strategies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A comparison of pupation-temperature range was made in the laboratory on a temperature gradient (3–38°C) using 12 species ofDrosophila representing four species groups and four different ecological backgrounds (temperate-montane forest:virilis group; desert;repleta group; cosmopolitan:melanogaster group; tropical forest:willistoni group). Within groups, differences are found which usually reflect species' distributions. Comparisons of species' mating-, oviposition- and pupation-temperature ranges reveal that pupation most-often occurs at temperatures beyond those for mating and oviposition. Each species reflects a different combination of temperature effects. Individual species have different temperature-limits for mating, oviposition and pupation. Temperatures permissive for one response are not predictive of limits on other responses. Among species, temperature can affect a particular response differently. Within groups, species differences can be at high and/or low temperatures for any response, and temperature effects among closely related species can manifest themselves in one, or any combination of responses. One cannot predict which responses will be most and least limited, or at which end of the temperature scale a response will be most limited. Among groups,common, but notabsolute temperature ranges generally correspond to the geographic distributions and ecological backgrounds of the species triads. The evaluation of temperature effects on species, based on a single activity, may not be adequate for predicting adaptive strategies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955553
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clonal analysis of the blastoderm anlage of the Malpighian tubules in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 22-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Cell lineage ; Malpighian tubules ; Compartments ; Cell death
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Genetically marked maroon-like (mal) clones were induced by mitotic recombination with X-rays at the blastoderm stage in mal/mal + heterozygotes and were analysed in differentiated Malpighian tubules (MT). Marked cells were not confined to single anterior (MA) or posterior (MP) tubules, but were distributed among the four tubules. About 70% of the clones with two or more cells were fragmented, i.e. mal cells were separated by wild-type cells. Since the clones contain, on average, 6 cells and the differentiated MT consist of 484 cells (2 × 136 MA cells, 2 × 106 MP cells), we estimate that there are about 80 cells in the blastoderm anlage which on average pass through two to three mitoses. With increasing radiation doses (254 R, 635 R, 1270 R) a linear increase in clone frequency is observed. The mean sizes and size distributions of clones, however, remain unchanged. Since the increasing radiation dose also results in fewer differentiated Malpighi cells, we assume that regeneration does not occur. Therefore, size distributions of marked clones presumably represent real mitotic patterns in normogenesis. We suggest that essentially three successive mitoses take place, with a decreasing fraction of cells showing mitotic activity. Only a small fraction of cells goes through a fourth or even a fifth mitosis. Marked non-Minute clones induced in Minute heterozygotes are more frequent, but are not larger than non-Minute clones in wild-type background. Therefore, compartment boundaries cannot be recognized by this method. However, frequencies of marked cells found simultaneously in MA and MP pairs or in several single tubules of the same individuals are significantly higher than frequencies of multiple recombination events predicted by the Poisson distribution. From this, we conclude that neither the MA pair nor the MP pair nor single tubules represent compartments of the MT anlage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444038
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell lineage ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila ; Cell marking ; Cell transplantation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A method is presented which allows the study of the progeny of single cells during Drosophila embryogenesis. Cells from various larval anlagen of donor embryos labelled with a lineage tracer are individually transplanted from defined positions into similar, or different, positions in unlabelled hosts. The clones produced by these cells can be seen in whole mounts or in sections of fixed material, when using a histochemical marker (i.e. HRP), and/or in living embryos, when using fluorescent lineage tracers. The characteristics of the clones disclose lineage parameters, such as division patterns, morphogenetic movements and differentiation. The method is especially useful for testing the respective roles of positional information and cell lineage on the commitment of progenitor cells by transplanting these cells into heterotopic positions or into hosts of different genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402872
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developmental genetics of a P element induced allele of suppressor-of-forked in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 334-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Suppression ; P elements ; Lethality ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In this paper we describe a new allele of suppressor of forked, su(f) hd37, referred to as hd37, which was isolated in a hybrid dysgenesis mutation screen and is shown to be P induced by its high frequency of reversion in hybrid dysgenic crosses, and by in situ hybridization. hd37 suppresses forked and fails to complement the forked suppression of known su(f) alleles. However, it complements the recessive lethality of alleles in both of the su(f) lethal complementation groups. We also describe a new phenotypic effect of su(f) alleles, the enhancement of Minute(3)i 55. Recessive lethal alleles enhance the lethal effects of this Minute, but hd37 does not. The temperature sensitive period for forked bristle suppression by hd37 was found to be very narrow, consisting of a short interval (12–18 h) immediately before bristle formation. These results suggest that the several genetic functions associated with this locus may be genetically separable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376066
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The peripheral nervous system of mutants of early neurogenesis inDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 210-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral nervous system ; Neurogenesis ; Mutants ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mutations previously known to affect early neurogenesis inDrosophila melanogaster have been found also to affect the development of the peripheral nervous system. Anti-HRP antibody staining has shown that larval epidermal sensilla of homozygous mutant embryos occur in increased numbers, which depend on the allele considered. This increase is apparently due to the development into sensory organs of cells which in the wild-type would have developed as non-sensory epidermis. Thus, neurogenic genes act whenever developing cells have to decide between neurogenic and epidermogenic fates, both in central and peripheral nervous systems. Different regions of the ectodermal germ layer are distinguished with respect to their neurogenic abilities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02438953
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maternal-effect mutations altering the anterior-posterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 302-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Maternal effect Mutations ; Pattern formation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mutations in seven different maternal-effect loci on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster all cause alterations in the anterior-posterior pattern of the embryo. Mutations in torso (tor) and trunk (trk) delete the anterior- and posterior-most structures of the embryo. At the same time they shift cellular fates which are normally found in the subterminal regions of the embryo towards the poles. Mutations in vasa (vas), valois (vls), staufen (stau) and tudor (tud) cause two embryonic defects. For one they result in absence of polar plasm, polar granules and pole cells in all eggs produced by mutant females. Secondly, embryos developing inside such eggs show deletions of abdominal segments. In addition, embryos derived from staufen mothers lack anterior head structures, embryos derived from valois mothers frequently fail to cellularize properly. Mutations in exuperantia (exu) cause deletions of anterior head structures, similar to torso, trunk and staufen. However in exu, these head structures are replaced by an inverted posterior end which comprises posterior midgut, proctodeal region, and often malpighian tubules. The effects of all mutations can be traced back to the beginning stages of gastrulation, indicating that the alterations in cellular fates have probably taken place by that time. Analysis of embryos derived from double mutant mothers suggests that these three phenotypic groups of mutants interfere with three different, independent pathways. All three pathways seem to act additively on the system which specifies anterior-posterior cellular fates within the egg.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376063
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The determination of aldehyde oxidase activity patterns in the wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 338-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; Imaginai discs ; Aldehyde oxidse ; Determination ; Field size
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The pattern of aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity was determined in wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster larvae homozygous for the mutants apt 73n, Beaded, and vestigial (vg) in order to determine if reduction in field size in the pouch could be related to alterations of the wild-type AO pattern, as suggested by the Kauffman (1978) hypothesis. The pattern in wild-type discs was resolved into six areas for comparison with mutant discs. vg discs developed at 25° C showed restriction of the pattern into a small area on the anterior side of the disc, and comparison of vg and wild-type prepupal wings allowed positive identification of the AO pattern elements which remained. AO patterns in vg wing discs grown at 27°, 29°, and 31° C were progressively more complete and similar to wild-type, reflecting the reduction in cell death in discs grown at higher temperatures. These results show that cell loss during the third instar in vg development at 25° C is responsible for the alteration of the AO pattern, rather than field size reduction, and that determination of the pattern must take place much earlier than the time of its first appearance during the third larval instar, and before cell death in vg discs begins. Thus mutants acting at earlier stages will be necessary for further tests of the Kauffman hypothesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376067
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extra tarsal joints and abnormal cuticular polarities in various mutants ofDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 145-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Cell polarity ; Limb development ; Pattern formation ; Bristle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The legs of flies from 16 different mutant strains ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined for abnormal cuticular polarities and extra joints. The strains were chosen for study because they manifest abnormal cuticular polarities in some parts of the body (10 strains) or because they have missing or defective tarsal joints (6 strains). All but three of the stocks were found to exhibit misorientations of either the bristles, hairs, or “bract-socket vectors” on the legs. The latter term denotes an imaginary vector pointing from a hairlike structure called a “bract” to the bristle socket with which it is associated. On the legs of wild-type flies nearly all such vectors point distally, as do the bristles and hairs. In the mutant flies, the most common vector misorientation is a 180° reversal. When the bract-socket vectors of adjacent bristle sites in the same bristle row point toward one another, the distance between the sites is frequently abnormally large, whereas when the vectors point in opposite directions, the interval is frequently abnormally small. This correlation is interpreted to mean that bristle cells actively repel one another via cytoplasmic extensions that are longer in the direction of the bract-socket vector than in the opposite direction. Repulsive forces of this kind may be responsible for “fine-tuning” the regularity of bristle spacing in wild-type flies. Extra tarsal joints were found in eight of the 16 strains. A ninth strain completely lacking tarsal joints appears in some cases to have an extra tibia-basitarsus joint in its tibia. Whereas the tarsi of wild-type flies contain four joints, the tarsi ofspiny legs mutant flies contain as many as eight joints. In this extreme extra-joint phenotype, four of the joints correspond to the normal wild-type joints, and there is an extra joint in every tarsal segment except the distal-most (fifth) segment. Nearly all such ectopic extra joints have inverted polarity. In other strains the extra tarsal joints are located mainly at the wild-type joint sites, and joints of this sort have wild-type polarity. The alternation of normal and inverted (extra) joints inspiny legs resembles the alternation of normal and inverted (extra) body segment boundaries in the embryonic-lethal mutantpatch, suggesting that tarsal and body segmentation may share a common patterning mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439432
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The sense organs in theDrosophila larva and their relation to the embryonic pattern of sensory neurons (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 222-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Sense organs ; Drosophila ; Pattern formation ; Peripheral nervous system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Various types of sense organs are arranged in a highly reproducible pattern on the thoracic and abdominal segments ofDrosophila embryos and larvae. We describe this pattern and identify the neurons that innervate each sense organ. This identification is confirmed by the analysis of partial deficiencies for the scute region, which delete specifically some of the sense organs and their innervating neurons. Since our description of the sense organs accounts for all the sensory neurons that have been identified in the embryo, we believe that this description is accurate and complete, except in the terminal segment, where some sense organs remain to be identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02438954
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the shape of the operculum by the bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 318-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; Operculum ; Bithorax complex ; Determination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have studied the course of the operculum line in the larval hypoderm of several bithorax complex mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. The bifurcation of the line, a characteristic of the first abdominal segment in wild-type (A1), can also appear in the metathoracic (T3) and other abdominal segments (A2, A3) depending on mutations within the bithorax complex. Therefore, we concluded that the course of the operculum line and thus the shape of the operculum is not determined by a suprasegmental gradient of positional information but by the functional state of the genes of the bithorax complex in each metamere. The dorsal and ventral branches of the operculum line react differently, the dorsal branch being more sensitive to the effect of loss of function mutations (bxd, iab-2 k), the ventral branch more affected by gain of function mutations (Hab). In some cases the effects of the mutations on the operculum line differed from those in the adult, suggesting a difference in sensitivity of larval hypodermal cells and histoblast cells to the functional gene products of the bithorax complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376064
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Neural and epidermal cell lineages ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Some aspects of neural and epidermal cell lineages during embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster were studied by transplanting horseradish-peroxidase-(HRP-) labelled ectodermal cells from young gastrula donors into host embryos of similar ages. Heterotopic transplantations permitted us to assess the degree of commitment already attained by the transplanted cells. The resulting cell clones showed normal characteristics of cytodifferentiation and cell number. The results indicate that epidermal progenitors perform a maximum of three mitoses during embryonic development, whereas neuroblasts may perform more than ten mitoses. Clone size distribution is in both cases scattered, suggesting either a rather irregular mitotic pattern or cell death. As indicated by heterotopic transplantations, the neurogenic ectoderm for the ventral nervous system exhibits different neurogenic abilities in its different regions, decreasing from medial to lateral; we discuss the hypothesis that some medially located cells of the young gastrulating embryo could be committed towards the neural fate before segregating from the ectoderm. On the other hand, the cells of the dorsal ectodermal regions at the same stage seem to be indifferent with respect to commitment, for they are able to give rise to central neural lineages following their transplantation in the neurogenic region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375748
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences in the cytotype and hybrid dysgenesis inducer ability of different P-strains ofDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1283-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Hybrid dysgenesis ; cytotype-suppressor ; female sterility ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using F1 female sterility as an indicator of hybrid dysgenesis (HD), we determined the inducing as well as the cytotype-suppressor properties of several P-strains. The data indicate that in P-M hybrid dysgenesis there is not only one type of inducer/suppressor system operative; in some P-strains more than one such system must be present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946424
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An interpretation of some bristle pattern modifications caused by directional selection inDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 846-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; bristles ; phenotype ; directional selection ; chaetogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The variations of the dorsocentral and scutellar bristle patterns founded in two bidirectionaly selected lines are discussed in terms of the Richelle and Ghysen model. The phenotype obtained through selection for bristle suppression can be accounted for by a decrease in chaetogen production. Extra bristles can be accounted for by an alteration of the response of the cells to positional information.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941549
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunochemical studies on xanthine dehydrogenase of soybean root nodules (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 190-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Glycine (xanthine dehydrogenase) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Polyclonal antibody ; Root nodule ; Xanthine dehydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH, EC 1.2.1.37) was purified from root nodules of soybean (Glycine max) and used to prepare a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Monospecificity of this antiserum was ascertained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipate. During root nodule development of soybean, only one form of XDH was detected on an immunological basis. Titration of XDH by immunoelectrophoresis showed that a remarkable increase in the amount of XDH occurred between two and four weeks after inoculation, in parallel with the increase in enzyme activity. Localization of XDH by immunofluorescence indicated that the enzyme was present exclusively in uninfected cells where it appeared to be associated with discrete organellels
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391414
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeast communities from host plants and associated Drosophila in southern arizona: new isolations and analysis of the relative importance of hosts and vectors on comunity composition (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 386-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Drosophila ; Host plants ; Communities ; Vectors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The yeast communities from slime fluxes of three deciduous trees (Prosopis juliflora, Populus fremontii and Quercus emoryi) and the necroses of two cacti (Opuntia phaeacantha and Carnegiea gigantea) were surveyed in the region of Tucson, Arizona. In addition, the yeasts carried by dipterans associated with the fluxes or necroses (Drosophila carbonaria, D. brooksae, D. nigrospiracula, D. mettleri, and Aulacigaster leucopeza) were sampled. The results indicate that each host sampled had a distinct community of yeasts associated with it. The dipterans, which can act as vectors of the yeasts, deposited yeasts from other sources in addition to those found on their associated hosts. It is argued that host plant physiology is relatively more important than the activity of the vector in determining yeast community composition. Furthermore, the average number of yeast species per flux or necrosis is not different from the average number of yeast species per fly. It is hypothesized that the vector may affect the number of species per individual flux or not, and that the number is lower than the rot or necrosis could potentially support.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379501
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extracellular protein fibrils in Chrysochromulina breviturrita (Prymnesiophyceae) and their serological relationship to fungal fimbriae (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Extracellular proteins ; Surface fibrils ; Algae-fungi-Chrysochromulina ; Immunocytochemistry ; Agglutination ; Fimoriae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An extensive network of extracellular fibrils was revealed by negative staining in the greenish gold algal flagellate, Chrysochromulina breviturrita. These fibrils were of uniform diameter (4–5 nm), sometimes exceeding 5 μm in length. In addition there were short, narrower fibrils (2–3 nm) on the surface of the flagella. Six protein bands were isolated from spent culture medium by SDS-PAGE and one of 80,000 Da was found to polymerize after dialysis into 4–5 nm fibrils identical to those found on the cell surface. Two other proteins of 58,000 Da and 65,000 Da also formed 4–5 nm fibrils but these were either rare or of a shorter length and different appearance. An antiserum directed against the surface 7 nm fibrils (fimbriae) of fungi agglutinated cells of C. breviturrita and some other Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae, but did not agglutinate cells of algal species in other groups. Immunofluorescence and protein A gold labelling confirmed that antigens related to fungal fimbriae were present on the surface of cells of C. breviturrita. Only the 80,000 and 58,000 Da proteins labelled heavily following protein A gold labelling. Some individual 4–5 nm fibrils labelled with gold were observed in the material prepared from the 80,000 Da band. These results therefore establish that C. breviturrita produces a surface network of fibrils that are serologically related to the fimbriae of fungi, and suggest a previously unrecognized relationship between members of the Prymnesiophyceae, Chrysophyceae and fungal groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403218
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molybdenum hydroxylases in Drosophila. III. Further characterization of the low xanthine dehydrogenase gene (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 509-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; molybdoenzymes ; low xanthine dehydrogenase mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The biochemical effects of several newly induced low xanthine dehydrogenase (lxd) mutations in Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. When homozygous, all lxd alleles simultaneously interrupt each of the molybdoenzyme activities to approximately the same levels: xanthine dehydrogenase, 25%; aldehyde oxidase, 12%; pyridoxal oxidase, 0%; and sulfite oxidase, 2% as compared to the wild type. In order to evaluate potentially small complementation or dosage effects, mutant stains were made coisogenic for 3R. These enzymes require a molybdenum cofactor, and lxd cofactor levels are also reduced to less than 10% of the wild type. These low levels of molybdoenzyme activities and cofactor activity are maintained throughout development from late larval to adult stages. The lxd alleles exhibit a dosage-dependent effect on molybdoenzyme activities, indicating that these mutants are leaky for wild-type function. In addition, cofactor activity is dependent upon the number of lxd + genes present. The lxd mutation results in the production of more thermolabile XDH and AO enzyme activities, but this thermolability is not transferred with the cofactor to a reconstituted Neurospora molybdoenzyme. The lxd gene is localized to salivary region 68 A4-9, 0.1 map unit distal to the superoxide dismutase (Sod) gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504332
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic and developmental characterization of the aldox-2 locus of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 683-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; aldox-2 ; molybdoenzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The aldox-2 locus in Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to affect differentially three molybdoenzymes, aldehyde oxidase, pyridoxal oxidase, and xanthine dehydrogenase. These effects are most obvious at times surrounding the pupal-adult boundary, when the normal organism accumulates large amounts of these enzymes in their active form. This locus has been more precisely mapped genetically to 2–82.9±2.1, with complete concordance between the effects of all recombinant chromosomes on all three enzymes. The cytogenetic location has also been determined to be between 52E and 54E8, with the likelihood that it lies within the region 54B1-54E8. The aldox-2 mutant allele has no visible phenotype and is completely recessive for enzyme effects at all stages tested. Segmental duplication of this region, including the aldox-2 + allele, has no apparent effect on the visible phenotype or the enzymatic activity. The mutant aldox-2 allele has no effect on the developmental expression of two unrelated enzymes, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. The effects of this locus on aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and pyridoxal oxidase suggest that this locus may code for a product involved in the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor common to these enzymes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499002
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic variation for superoxide dismutase level in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 153-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase ; quantitative variation ; modifiers ; null allele
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract We have studied genetic variation for levels of activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Drosophila melanogaster. We have constructed 34 lines homozygous for a given second and a given third chromosome derived from eight original lines; all lines were homozygous for the “fast” (F) allele of Sod. The variation in the relative levels of SOD CRM ranges from 1 to 1.6. The second chromosomes modify the SOD level, even though the structural Sod locus is in the third chromosome, and the specific effect of a given second chromosome depends on the particular third chromosome with which it is combined. This indicates that the variation in SOD content is controlled by polygenic modifiers present in the second (and in the third) chromosome. In addition to these trans-acting modifiers, we have isolated a cis-acting element (Sod CAl ) that reduces SOD CRM levels to 3.5% of a typical F/F homozygote. Sod CAl is either a mutation in a regulatory site closely linked to the structural locus or a change in the coding sequence affecting the rate of degradation of the enzyme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502785
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of Aldox n alleles isolated from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; aldehyde oxidase ; gene dosage ; Aldox
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Aldox “null” alleles which were isolated from natural populations in Great Britain and North Carolina were analyzed for complementation. No complementation was observed between any combinations of “null” alleles for aldehyde oxidase (AO) specific activity in late third-instar larvae and newly emerged adults. AO immunologically cross-reacting material (AO-CRM) was quantitated in all homozygous stocks at both developmental stages as well as all allelic combinations in newly emerged adults. When the adult organism contains only Aldox n alleles, the polypeptides are not immunologically recognizable or may be rapidly degraded. Larvae and adults have different abilities to degrade mutationally altered enzymatically inactive AO polypeptide or synthesize them differentially. This is indicated by easily measurable AO-CRM levels in late third-instar larvae of Aldox n homozygotes, while newly emerged adult Aldox n homozygotes have very little, if any, AO-CRM. Newly emerged adult heterozygotes of Aldox n /Aldox + do have increased AO-CRM, indicating that the Aldox n alleles can code for a polypeptide which can be “rescued” if Aldox + gene product is present. Heterozygotes containing an Aldox + allele with a deficiency for the Aldox region produce 74.2% of the AO-CRM found in Aldox + homozygotes. This may indicate the presence of trans-acting factors which serve to activate gene expression in a system in which each gene copy is not maximally expressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502796
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pigment patterns in mutants affecting the biosynthesis of pteridines and xanthommatin in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 545-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): eye-color mutants ; pteridines ; xanthommatin ; Drosophila melanogaster ; pigment patterns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Eye-color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster have been analyzed for their pigment content and related metabolites. Xanthommatin and dihydroxanthommatin (pigments causing brown eye color) were measured after selective extraction in acidified butanol. Pteridines (pigments causing red eye color) were quantitated after separation of 28 spots by thin-layer chromatography, most of which are pteridines and a few of which are fluorescent metabolites from the xanthommatin pathway. Pigment patterns have been studied in 45 loci. The pteridine pathway ramifies into two double branches giving rise to isoxanthopterin, “drosopterins,” and biopterin as final products. The regulatory relationship among the branches and the metabolic blockage of the mutants are discussed. The Hn locus is proposed to regulate pteridine synthesis in a step between pyruvoyltetrahydropterin and dihydropterin. The results also indicate that the synthesis and accumulation of xanthommatin in the eyes might be related to the synthesis of pteridines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504334
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptidases in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Characterization of dipeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 775-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): dipeptidases ; leucine aminopeptidases ; Drosophila melanogaster ; genetic localization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Four major peptidases of Drosophila melanogaster have been described and distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, molecular weights, net electrical charges, and substrate specificities. The previously described leucine aminopeptidase, LAP D, consists of at least two isozymes, designated here LAP P and LAP G. In pupae most LAP activity results from LAP P (pupal); in larvae and adults, in contrast, most LAP activity results from LAP G (gut). These two LAPs may be separated by electrophoresis in the presence of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. A specific assay for LAP P, which exploits the large difference between the net electrical charge of LAP P and that of LAP G, is described. The activity levels of two dipeptidases, Dip A and Dip B, were high in all the postembryonic stages examined. Specific assays for Dip A and Dip B were used to show that for each of these isozymes, the activity in an adult is proportional to gene dosage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499009
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of temperature on biochemical and molecular properties ofDrosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 873-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; temperature ; adaptation ; enzyme polymorphism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The gene products of the two major alleles of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-F and ADH-S) have been subjected to kinetic and biochemical analyses over a range of temperatures. Although temperature was found to have a significant effect on both kinetic and biochemical properties ofDrosophila ADH, no significant differential effect was observed between the major ADH allozymes. The results are discussed within the context of the selective maintenance ofAdh polymorphism in natural populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554526
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    sn-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase and alcohol tolerance inDrosophila melanogaster larvae (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 859-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; alcohol tolerance ; glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The role of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO; EC 1.1.99.5) in the variation of ethanol tolerance inDrosophila melanogaster was assessed in isofemale lines derived from individuals collected at the Chateau Tahbilk Winery and Wandin North Orchard of Victoria, Australia. When fed an undefined medium (semolina-treacle) with 6% ethanol (v/v), larvae of lines with high GPO activities survived better than did larvae of lines with low GPO activities. Although GPO was induced to higher activity levels by dietary ethanol in larvae of all the test lines, GPO activity was greater in lines representing the area outside the wine cellar. This implied that the cellar environment selected against individuals with high levels of GPO. These data do not explain the established difference in tolerance between cellar and outside populations. The GPO activities of lines were not dependent upon the activities of the lipogenic enzyme, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; the major ethanol-degrading enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase; or the citric acid cycle enzyme, fumarase. Thus, GPO activity is an important component of the metabolic mechanism of ethanol tolerance in larvae, but the mode of action of GPO has not been defined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554525
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-linked mutations that give rise to overproduction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; X-linked mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Two X-linked mutations that give rise to overproduction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were found among the progenies of isogenic strains which had been subjected to selection for high G6PD activity. Mapping of the high-activity factor in these mutants was carried out using car Zw B sw males of low G6PD activity. As a result, the factor mapped 0.02–0.04 unit to the left of the Zw locus. The amount of the G6PD gene was also quantitated utilizing a cloned G6PD gene as a probe, but no significant difference was found between the mutants and low-G6PD activity flies which shared the same X, second, and third chromosomes with the mutants. These findings are consistent with our notion that the mutations might be regulatory mutations, possibly resulting from the insertion of a novel class of transposable genetic elements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502798
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coadaptation ofDrosophila and yeasts in their natural habitat (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1037-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; yeasts ; cactus ; community ecology ; mutualism ; coadaptation ; evolution ; alkaloids ; fatty acids ; sterols
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The mutualistic interactions of cactophilicDrosophila and their associated yeasts in the Sonoran Desert are studied as a system which has evolved within the framework of their host cactus stem chemistry. Because theDrosophila-yeast system is saphrophytic, their responses are not thought to directly influence the evolution of the host. Host cactus stem chemistry appears to play an important role in determining where cactophilicDrosophila breed and feed. Several chemicals have been identified as being important. These include sterols and alkaloids of senita as well as fatty acids and sterol diols of agria and organpipe cactus. Cactus chemistry appears to have a limited role in directly determining the distribution of cactus-specific yeasts. Those effects which are known are due to unusual lipids of organpipe cactus and triterpene glycosides of agria and organpipe cactus.Drosophilayeast interactions are viewed as mutualistic and can take the form of (1) benefits to theDrosophila by either direct nutritional gains or by detoxification of harmful chemicals produced during decay of the host stem tissue and (2) benefits to the yeast in the form of increased likelihood of transmission to new habitats. Experiments on yeast-yeast interactions in decaying agria cactus provide evidence that the yeast community is coadapted. This coadaptation among yeasts occurs in two manners: (1) mutualistic increases in growth rates (which are independent of the presence ofDrosophila larvae) and (2) stabilizing competitive interactions when growth reaches carrying capacity. This latter form is dependent on larval activity and results in benefits to the larvae present. In this sense, the coadapted yeast community is probably also coadapted with respect to itsDrosophila vector.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638995
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Habitat choice byDrosophila pseudoobscura: The roles of genotype and of experience (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; habitat choice ; learning ; experience
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Microhabitat preferences ofDrosophila pseudoobscura strains were examined in a Waddington maze, with an emphasis on learning how early environment affected adult habitat choice. The genotypes were roughly those expected in a natural population; the environmental variables included light, temperature, and food. It was found that (1) the different genotypes chose habitats differently; (2) early experience affected subsequent habitat choice; and (3) the effect of early experience was complex, as preference for one niche dimension (temperature) was reinforced by experience with the generally preferred value, preference for another niche dimension (light) was weakened by experience with the generally preferred value, and preference for other niche dimensions (food) was generally unaffected by experience. In this study the contribution to the total chi square was about equal from genotype and from environment. The significance of these findings for studies of dispersal and population structure of natural populations is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070802
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inter- and intraspecific variation in the response ofDrosophila melanogaster andD. simulans to larval cues (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; D. simulans ; olfaction ; larval-associated odors ; geographic variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The response ofDrosophila simulans andD. melanogaster adults to larvalassociated odors was characterized in a wind-tunnel olfactometer. Males were preferentially attracted to odors associated with larvae of their own species at all stages of larval development, with females showing a similar trend in some of the experiments. Additional tests were carried out with populations of both species originating from two Australian locations (Townsville, Melbourne) and cultured under identical conditions. Females were preferentially attracted to odors associated with larvae of their own population in both species. The possible importance of this heritable variation in olfaction and habitat response is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070805
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measuring learning in individual flies is not necessary to study the effects of single-gene mutations inDrosophila: A reply to Holliday and Hirsch (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; learning ; memory ; classical conditioning ; mutants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Holliday & Hirsch (this issue) now agree that “Quinnet al. (1974) have demonstrated learning [inDrosophila] with group data, and their inability to identify individual differences (IDs) in performance does not invalidate their conclusion that some individuals in the population must have learned.” However, they consider it important, if not necessary, to show that anindividual fly has learned. In response to Holliday and Hirsch, this paper discusses why it is not necessary to measure learning in individual fruit flies before searching for underlying biochemical mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074264
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further evidence for learning in diptera: A reply to Holliday and Hirsch (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 457-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; Phormia regina ; learning ; conditioning ; individual differences
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Holliday and Hirsch (1986) question several aspects of my review of dipteran learning (McGuire, 1984). I will discuss several of the issues that they raised: (1) Can learning be demonstrated only with individual performance scores? (2) Are individual scores essential for all forms of genetic analyses? (3) Did I originally (McGuire and Hirsch, 1977) select for the ability to be classically conditioned withPhormia regina or can my results be explained by sensitization or central excitatory state (CES)? and (4) Did I overinterpret other studies of learning in dipterans? Holliday and Hirsch's criticism of many studies is shown to be due to an overly restrictive definition of learning. Their criticism ofPhormia learning studies is shown to be due to misinterpretation of data available on CES and learning and misunderstanding of the relation between CES and learning. I find their criticisms to be without merit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074265
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of dietary ethanol on the composition of lipids of Drosophila melanogaster larvae (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 51-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): ethanol ; lipid ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila ; nutrition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract At a moderate concentration (2.5%, v/v) dietary ethanol reduced the chain length of total fatty acids (FA) and increased the desaturation of short-chain FA in Drosophila melanogaster larvae with a functional alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The changes in length in total FA were postulated to be due to the modulation of the termination specificity of fatty acid synthetase. Because the ethanol-stimulated reduction in the length of unsaturated FA was blocked by linoleic acid, it was thought to reflect the properties of FA 9-desaturase. Although the ethanol-stimulated reduction in chain length of unsaturated FA was also observed in ADH-null larvae, ethanol promoted an increase in the length of total FA of the mutant larvae. Thus, the ethanolstimulated change in FA length was ADH dependent but the ethanol effect on FA desaturation was not. Ethanol also stimulated a decrease in the relative amount of phosphatidylcholine and an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine. Because similar ethanol-induced changes have been found in membrane lipids of other animals, ethanol may alter the properties of membranes in larvae. It is proposed that ethanol tolerance in D. melanogaster may be dependent on genes that specify lipids that are resistant to the detrimental effects of ethanol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502978
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity and metabolic rate during flight in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): flight metabolism ; Drosophila ; αGPDH ; Kacser-Burns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Measurements of wing-beat frequency (WBF) have been used to characterize flight muscle metabolic rate in Drosophila melanogaster during tethered flight. Progeny of crosses between 17 X-chromosome substitution lines and three null-activity stocks have been studied in order to determine the effect on flight metabolism of sharply reduced activity of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (αGPDH). It was found that flies with an approximate 50% reduction in αGPDH activity have a metabolic rate that is, in most cases, indistinguishable from that of wild-type flies and, in the most extreme cases, reduced by only 4%. These results demonstrate that αGpdh is not a “major gene” for flight metabolism, in the quantitative genetic sense of the term. These results are in agreement with the Kacser and Burns (1973, 1979, 1981) theory of flux, which postulates that the activity of an enzyme embedded in a multienzyme pathway can sometimes vary from wild-type to very low levels (perhaps 5–10% wild type) with no significant effect on flux through the total pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502792
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of various metabolites on two phosphoglucomutase allozyme activities from Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 397-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; phosphoglucomutase allozymes ; activation ; inhibition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of various metabolites on the two most common phosphoglucomutase allozymes (PGMA and PGMB) in Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated in vitro. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG) inhibited PGMA and PGMB to the same degree in the presence of 25 µM glucose-1,6-diphosphate (G1, 6P2). However a higher concentration of G1,6P2 partially reversed the inhibition of PGMA exerted by 2,3DPG, so that in the presence of 150 µM G1,6P2 the inhibition of PGMA was half that of PGMB at pH 6.0. Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) had no significant effect at pH 7.4 but exerted an activating effect at pH 6.0 which was more pronounced in the case of PGMB. ATP, citrate, and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (F1,6P2) inhibited both PGMA and PGMB. The differences found in vitro between these two allozymes can have a significant impact on in vivo function and, therefore, on the maintenance of PGM polymorphism in experimental populations of D. melanogaster studied in the laboratory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499095
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developmental variation in effects of the second and third chromosomes on the activities of the glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 447-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): developmental variation ; autosomal effects ; glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Developmental profiles of the second- and third-chromosome modifiers of the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. Third-chromosome modifiers showed very strong effects on both enzyme activities at larval, pupal, and adult stages, whereas second-chromosome effects were detected mainly at larval and adult stages. For both enzyme activities and both chromosomes, the correlation over line means between larval and pupal stages was significantly positive, but the correlation between larval or pupal stage and adult stage was not significant. This result suggests that the actions of modifiers on G6PD and 6PGD activities are influenced by the change of developmental stages. Correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities was positive and highly significant throughout the developmental stages for both sets of chromosomes, although third-chromosome correlations were slightly higher than second-chromosome correlations. The magnitude of the correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities does not seem to be influenced by the change of development. Diallel crosses for both sets of chromosomes indicate that the action of activity modifiers is mainly additive for both sets of chromosomes, but dominance effects were detected in some cases in adult males. Significant maternal effects were detected for the third chromosome for both enzyme activities until the pupal stage. The change of the activity modifier action after emergence of the imago and the significant correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities were also detected for diallel progeny.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499099
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemosensory elements of courtship in normal and mutant, olfaction-deficientDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 375-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; reproductive behavior ; pheromones ; olfD mutant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Male-female courtship interactions inDrosophila melanogaster are mediated in part by chemical cues. A comparison of the courtship behaviors of normal and genetically olfaction-deficient (olfD) flies lends strong support to this hypothesis and leads to the following inferences regarding the importance of chemical interchange during courtship. Virgin females respond to male courtship by slowing and finally stopping their movements, which appears to enhance the probability of copulation; (olfD) females are defective in this stopping response and in their receptivity to mating. Males can be stimulated to court by airborne cues from virgin females which are effective over a distance of ca. 5 mm. By comparison, the chemical courtship-stimulating cues from immature flies have little airborne efficacy; immature males appear to stimulate courtship only by contact chemoreception. The genetic upset or removal from courtship interactions of olfactory, visual, and auditory cues (thus leaving contact chemoreception as the probable major means of male-female interaction) results in virtual behavioral sterility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071319
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuroendocrine cells within colorectal tumours induced by dimethylhydrazine (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine ; Peptide YY ; Glucagon ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Colorectal adenocarcinomas were induced in male Wistar rats, by weekly subcutaneous administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, classified according to the degree of differentiation and submitted to immunocytochemistry for the peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine. Well- or moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinomas comprised 46% of the tumour population, only 4% were poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and the remaining 50% possessed a mixture of these two morphologies. Glucagon, PYY and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive cells were frequently observed within well- or moderately well-differentiated tumours and within such regions of tumours possessing a mixed morphological pattern. The tumours contained no cells immunoreactive for any of the peptides not normally located within the colorectum, nor did they contain cells immunoreactive for somatostatin and VIP, although known positive controls did stain. Poorly-differentiated tumours and portions of tumours of mixed type, were consistently negative. 5-hydroxytryptamine was the most frequently located of the three antigens, being detected in 87% of the moderately well-differentiated tumours and 32% of the tumours with mixed morphologies. 11% of moderately well-differentiated tumours possessed 5-hydroxytryptamine positive cells in such profusion that they contributed significantly to the tumour mass. The distribution of glucagon-and PYY-immunoreactive cells was similar, although they occurred with a lower frequency, presumably corresponding to their lower numbers within the normal colorectal mucosa. Additionally, these two peptide immunoreactivities were colocalized in the majority of cells, although some cells contained only one antigen. The immense numbers of cells immunoreactive for peptides and monoamine in a significant proportion of colorectal adenocarcinomas suggests that they have arisen from multipotential endodermal stem cells within the tumours and are not part of the normal epithelial population being engulfed as the tumour grows.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219019
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemistry of magnocellular neurons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of normal and Brattleboro rats with vasopressin anti-idiotype antibody (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 509-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-idiotype antibody ; Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Receptors ; Brattleboro rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A vasopressin anti-idiotype antibody was generated by immunization with purified IgG of a primary vasopressin antiserum. The anti-idiotype antibody immunostained neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus of normal and Brattleboro rats. The distribution of immunostained perikarya in these hypothalamic nuclei together with the staining of fibers in median eminence and neural lobe was similar to that observed in normal rats with anti-vasopressin and suggests strongly that vasopressinergic neurons are being stained. Absorption studies with vasopressin and a vasopressin-binding receptor protein further indicate that a receptor associated with vasopressinergic neurons is recognized by the anti-idiotype antibody.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215190
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of a rhodopsin-like protein in the lipochondria in photosensitive neurons of Aplysia californica (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurons ; Lipochondria ; Rhodopsin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Aplysia californica
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Polyclonal antibodies directed against squid opsin were used in immunocytochemical and immunoblot experiments to identify a rhodopsin-like protein in photosensitive neurons of Aplysia. Aldehyde-fixed abdominal and cerebral ganglia were embedded in paraffin for peroxidase anti-peroxidase analysis or used whole for immunofluorescence studies. Ganglia were embedded in Lowicryl K4M for electron-microscope immunocytochemistry. In both the cerebral and abdominal ganglia, light-microscope immunocytochemical results showed reaction product deposited around the neuronal cell periphery corresponding in position to the lipochondria. In the abdominal ganglion, the giant cell R2, located in the right rostral quarter, and neurons in the right caudal quarter were consistently labeled with anti-opsin. Electron-microscopic studies demonstrated ferritin-labeling of the lipochondria in R2 and other immunoreactive neurons. Immunoblot analysis of R2 and cerebral neuron extracts was used to identify two prominent immunoreactive protein bands at 85000 and 67500 molecular weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218388
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GABA neurones in retinas of different species and their postnatal development in situ and in culture in the rabbit retina (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurones ; Retina ; Different species ; Rabbit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The localisation of GABA immunoreactive neurones in retinas of a variety of animals was examined. Immunoreactivity was associated with specific populations of amacrine neurones in all species examined, viz. rat, rabbit, goldfish, frog, pigeon and guinea-pig. All species, with the exception of the frog, possessed immunoreactive perikarya in their retinal ganglion cell layers. These perikarya are probably displaced amacrine cells because GABA immunoreactivity was absent from the optic nerves and destruction of the rat optic nerve did not result in degeneration of these cells. GABA immunoreactivity was also associated with the outer plexiform layers of all the retinas studied; these processes are derived from GABA-positive horizontal cells in rat, rabbit, frog, pigeon and goldfish retinas, from bipolar-like cells in the frog, and probably from interplexiform cells in the guinea-pig retina. The development of GABA-positive neurones in the rabbit retina was also analysed. Immunoreactivity was clearly associated with subpopulations of amacrine and horizontal cells on the second postnatal day. The immunoreactivity at this stage is strong, and fairly well developed processes are apparent. The intensity of the immunoreactivity increases with development in the case of the amacrine cells. The immunoreactive neurones appear fully developed at about the 8th postnatal day, although the immunoreactivity in the inner plexiform layer becomes more dispersed as development proceeds. The immunoreactive horizontal cells become less apparent as development proceeds, but they can still be seen in the adult retina. The GABA immunoreactive cells in rabbit retinas can be maintained in culture. Cultures of retinal cells derived from 2-day-old animals can be maintained for up to 20 days and show the presence of GABA-positive cells at all stages. In one-day-old cultures the GABA immunoreactive cells lacked processes but within three days had clearly defined processes. After maintenance for 10 days a meshwork of GABA-positive fibres could also be seen in the cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221859
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological variation of immunoreactive cells positive to cholecystokinin 33 (10–20) and gastrin 34 (1–15) in human duodenum (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Duodenum ; Cholecystokinin ; Gastrin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Human duodenal endocrine cells reactive with antibodies to cholecystokinin (CCK) 33 (10–20) and/or gastrin 34 (1–15) were studied by a combination of immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic methods. By immunohistochemistry, three types of endocrine cells were distinguished in human duodenal mucosa, i.e., those only positive for only CCK, those positive for both CCK and gastrin and those only positive for only gastrin. Ultrastructurally, the first cell type is characterized by many secretory granules with an eccentric dense core (mean diameter; 271+-74 nm). The second cell type, which was less frequent than the other two, has ultrastructural features that resemble type-I cells. The last cell type was composed of two types of cells containing small secretory granules identical to those of IG cells (mean diameter; 171+-31 nm) or large secretory granules indistinguishable from those of I cells (mean diameter; 286+-50 nm).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212529
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The dopaminergic innervation of the goldfish pituitary (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Dopamine ; Pituitary gland ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Carassius auratus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The dopaminergic innervation of the goldfish pituitary gland was studied by immunocytochemistry at the electron-microscope level using highly specific antibodies against dopamine coupled to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. A satisfactory preservation of the tissue was achieved after immersion in 5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer containing sodium metabisulfite to prevent oxidation of the endogenous dopamine. The immunocyto-chemical procedure was performed on Vibratome sections using the preembedding method. Immunoreactivity was restricted to part of the neurosecretory type-B fibers (diameter of the secretory vesicles lower than 100 nm) in which it was found to occupy the whole cytoplasm. Labeled fibers were observed within the neurohypophysis in the different parts of the gland and in the adenohypophyseal tissue where immunoreactive profiles were detected in close apposition to the different cell types. These data are in agreement with previous results obtained by means of radioautography and further support a role for dopamine in the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary functions in teleosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212536
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus galloprovincialis (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 591-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunocytochemistry ; GAD ; Pedal ganglion ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Mytilus galloprovincialis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A substance immunologically related to vertebrate glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been visualized in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus with the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, by use of an antiserum raised in sheep against rat brain GAD. The results show that GAD-like immunoreactivity is present both in neuronal perikarya and in nerve fibers. Positive neurons are located mainly among the fibers of the ganglion neuropil at the commissural level, and more rarely close to unreactive cortical cell bodies. Immunoreactive nerve fibers are observed throughout the neuropil and also in cerebropedal and pedal nerves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212538
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redistribution of cell surface transferrin receptors prior to their concentration in coated pits as revealed by immunoferritin labels (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 613-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cell-surface transferrin receptor ; Redistribution of cell-surface receptors ; Receptor-mediated endocytosis ; K562 cells ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunocytochemistry has been used to study distribution of cell surface transferrin receptors in erythroid, leukemic (K562) cells. The cells were fixed and labelled with monoclonal (OKT-9) anti-transferrin receptor antibodies; the antibody-labelled receptors were then detected by either immunofluoresceinor immunoferritin-antimouse-antibody conjugates. Typically, the immunoferritin labels were distributed diffusely at the non-coated regions of the cell surface as well as concentrated in the clathrincoated pits. To examine further this pattern of distribution, cells were labelled at 0° C and then warmed to 37° C for zero to 30 min prior to fixation. The majority of the immunoferritin labels were initially dispersed in small groups at the non-coated regions of the cell surface (mean = 6 immunoferritin labels/cluster), but larger groups were common subsequent to incubation at 37° C (mean = 13 immunoferritin labels/cluster). However, the size of immunoferritin labels in the coated pits was unchanged (mean = 12 immunoferritin labels/pit). Immunoferritin labels were typical in coated and uncoated vesicles l min after warming to 37° C, but common in endosomes, multivesicular bodies and lysosomes by 30 min. It appears that single cell-surface receptors form large aggregates prior to their concentration in coated pits. Coated vesicles, uncoated vesicles, and endosomal vacuoles may together form the non-lysosomal compartment where the internalized receptors might be dissociated from the ligands (antibodies).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212541
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in stellate cells (folliculo-stellate cells) of the adenohypophysis in the monkeys Macaca irus and Cercopithecus aethiops (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): S-100 protein (human, bovine) ; Folliculo stellate cells ; Adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Monkeys (Macaca irus, Cercopithecus aethiops)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary With the use of an antibody against bovine S-100 protein, it was possible to reveal a characteristic cell type in the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis of the monkey Macaca irus. In the adenohypophysis of Cercopithecus aethiops, labeled cells were present in the pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia. These cells, so-called folliculo-stellate cells, were found in all pituitaries studied. Surprisingly, an antibody against human S-100 protein did not label the stellate cells of the adenohypophysis. However, in Macaca irus, this antibody gave a strong positive reaction with various other cell types (interstitial cells of the pineal gland, Müller cells of the retina, autonomic ganglionic cells, glial cells of the central nervous system, Schwann cells, Bergmann glia of the cerebellum, fat cells, reticular cells of lymphoid organs). By use of double immunoenzymatic labeling, it was evident that stellate cells are spatially related either to somatotropes, prolactin cells, “corticotropes”, or to glycoprotein-containing cells. Thus, a specific relationship to a particular endocrine-cell type could not be observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215885
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    5-Hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity in the epidermal sacciform gland cells of the clingfish Lepadogaster candollei Risso (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fish skin ; Sacciform glandular cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Lepadogaster candollei
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Serotonin has been demonstrated in the epidermal sacciform glandular cells of the clingfish Lepadogaster candollei by use of immunocytochemistry. Serotonin immunoreactivity is found both in the peripheral cytoplasm of the glandular cells and their luminal secretion. The presence of serotonin in the sacciform glandular cells parallels that located by both biochemical and immunocytochemical procedures in the cutaneous glands of many amphibian species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215211
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical study of the development of vasotocin/mesotocin in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the chick embryo (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Embryonic hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Vasotocin neurons ; Mesotocin neurons ; Chick embryo hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the chick embryo has been studied with a monoclonal antibody which cross-reacts with arginine vasotocin and mesotocin, using thick (100 μm) sections in conjunction with a peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse antibody. Although weakly stained perikarya occur occasionally in the tuberal region on embryonic days 6 and 7, the most consistent immunostaining of perikarya is found in the periventricular region of the caudal midhypothalamus at the level of the optic chiasm after embryonic day 8 1/2. Synthesis of peptides, therefore, takes place while the cells are close to their site of origin. Between embryonic days 9 and 10, beaded axons run along the anterior median eminence closely apposed to the adenohypophysis, thereby forming the anlage of the zona externa. The axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract surround the neural lobe between embryonic days 11 and 12. The caudal to rostral wave of neuronal maturation that occurs during development appears to be due to a progressive differentiation of the periventricular zone, as well as the migration of perikarya. The early periventricular perikarya at embryonic day 8 1/2 send processes rostrally in a wing-shaped formation that extends both dorso- and ventrolaterally. From embryonic days 10 to 12, perikarya can be observed in the wing-like extensions, apparently migrating to rostral levels. The dorsolateral pathway gives rise at its midportion to the lateral cell group, whereas those perikarya migrating more laterally form the anlage of the external supraoptic nucleus. The ventrolateral wing-shaped extension of perikarya appears to be directed toward the ventral group and those lateral perikarya continuous with it. The location of mature neuronal cell groups is well established by embryonic day 17.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221848
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in cultured murine cells (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ornithine decarboxylase ; Macrophage ; Immunocytochemistry ; Murine cell culture ; Antibody specificity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Antiserum elicited to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) purified from murine RAW 264 macrophage-like cells has been employed to localize ODC in cultured murine cells. The antiserum immunoprecipitated 100% of the ODC activity from the cultured cells. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by the immunoprecipitation from 35S-methionine metabolically-labeled cell extracts of a single protein which migrated upon SDS-gel electrophoresis coincident with authentic ODC. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments were performed on paraformaldehyde-fixed RAW 264 cells and JB6 epidermal cells using the rabbit anti-ODC antiserum and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Little immunofluorescence was apparent in non-stimulated cells. Intense immunofluorescence was detectable in stimulated cells at times of peak cellular ODC activity. Antigenically-reactive ODC was localized diffusely in the cytoplasm and was absent in the nuclei of RAW 264 cells, whereas in the JB6 cells the immunodetectable enzyme protein was localized in a punctate pattern in both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm and was absent in the nucleolus. The appearance and disappearance of immunoreactive ODC in both cell types after stimulation was consistent with the alterations in ODC activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221849
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunoreactivity of the hermaphroditic gonad of the snail Helix aspersa Müller towards antibodies raised to fragments of pre-pro-opio-melanocortin (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 337-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunocytochemistry ; Hermaphrodite gonad ; Pre-pro-opio-melanocortin ; FMRF-amide-like materials ; Snail, Helix aspersa Müller
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Male and female germinal cells of the active hermaphroditic gonad of a snail (Helix aspersa Müller) reveal a positive immunoreactivity to some antibodies raised against biologically active peptides related to pre-pro-opiomelanocortin of vertebrates. All but the oldest cells of the different spermatogenetic and oogenetic stages are methionine-enkephalin-immunopositive, whereas only the young oocytes are α-MSH- and 17–39 ACTH-positive. Sometimes some male cells show an 1–24 ACTH positivity. Structures other than germinal cells also react with some antibodies: for example, the nurse cells are β-MSH-immunoreactive, the nerve fibers surrounding each acinus and the hermaphrodite duct are both 17–39 ACTH and FMRF amide positive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213940
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, S-100 protein and glutamine synthetase in the rat subcommissural organ, nonspecialized ventricular ependyma and adjacent neuropil (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Subcommissural organ ; Ependyma ; Astrocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein ; S-100 protein ; Glutamine synthetase ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Antibodies raised against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), S-100 protein (S100) and glutamine synthetase (GS) are currently used as glial markers. The distribution of GFA, S100 and GS in the ependyma of the rat subcommissural organ (SCO), as well as in the adjacent nonspecialized ventricular ependyma and neuropil of the periaqueductal grey matter, was studied by use of the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In the neuropil, GFA, S100 and GS were found in glial elements, i.e., in fibrous (GFA, S100) and protoplasmic astrocytes (S100, GS). The presence of S100 in the majority of the ventricular ependymal cells and tanycytes, and the presence of GFA in a limited number of ventricular ependymal cells and tanycytes confirm the glial nature of these cells. The absence of S100, GFA and GS from the ependymocytes of the SCO, which are considered to be modified ependymal cells, suggests either a non-astrocytic lineage of these cells or an extreme specialization of the SCO-cells as glycoprotein-synthesizing and secreting elements, a process that may have led to the disappearance of the glial markers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213941
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical identification of structures containing putative red pigment-concentrating hormone in two species of decapod crustaceans (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Red pigment-concentrating hormone ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurosecretion ; Crustaceans ; Carcinus maenas ; Orconectes limosus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By use of an antiserum raised against the Nterminal sequence pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe..., common to red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) of Pandalus borealis and three structurally similar insect neuropeptides, putative RPCH-immunopositive structures were revealed in the eyestalks of Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus and in the brain and thoracic ganglion (TG) of C. maenas. In the eyestalks, complete neurosecretory pathways were demonstrated, consisting of perikarya, axons and terminals in the neurohemal organ, the sinus gland (SG). In C. maenas approximately 20 small RPCH cells are present as a distinct group adjacent to the medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ (MTGXO, XO). They are morphologically different from the larger XO perikarya, which contain the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH). The occurrence of both neuropeptides in distinct neurosecretory pathways was ascertained by immunologic double staining (PAP/gold) or by analysis of consecutive sections. In addition, a group of two to four larger RPCH cells is located in the proximal part of the MT. In O. limosus, RPCH cells are found in the XO. Cells corresponding to the proximal MT cells of C. maenas were not found. In both species, a few more weakly staining immunopositive perikarya were observed in clusters of cell somata of the optic ganglia. It is uncertain whether these are connected to the SG. In the brain of C. maenas, several smaller and three larger perikarya were consistently observed in the dorsal lateral cell somata adjacent to the olfactory lobes. In the optic nerve, two axons that project into the eyestalk were stained. Some axons were also observed in the ventral median neuropil of the brain. In the TG, RPCH cells were found in small numbers in median positions, i.e., in clusters of somata between the ganglia of the appendages. HPLC analysis of the red pigment-concentrating activity from the SG of C. maenas revealed that the retention time of the neuropeptide is similar but not identical to that of Pandalus borealis RPCH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213945
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insect brain ; Neurotransmitters ; Immunocytochemistry ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using a monoclonal antibody selective for the acetylcholine (ACh)-synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) of Drosophila melanogaster we find ChAT-like immunoreactivity in specific synaptic regions throughout the brain of Drosophila melanogaster apart from the lobes and the peduncle of the mushroom body and most of the first visual neuropile (lamina). Several anatomically well-defined central brain structures exhibit particularly strong binding. Characteristic differential staining patterns are observed for each of the four neuromeres of the optic lobes. Cell bodies appear not to bind this antibody. The prominent features of the distribution of ChAT-like immunoreactivity are paralleled by the distribution of acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzymatic activity as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholine esterase (AChE). These results are discussed in comparison with published data on enzyme distribution, choline uptake and ACh receptor binding in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218999
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mosquito trypsin: immunocytochemical localization in the midgut of blood-fed Aedes aegypti (L.) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Trypsin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Midgut ; Exocytosis ; Aedes aegypti
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A polyclonal antibody was raised against trypsin purified from the midgut of blood-fed Aedes aegypti. Using this antibody and our modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical reaction, strong activity was found in the lumen of the midgut at the light-microscopical level. The activity was localized mainly in the posterior part of the distensible, abdominal midgut, along the periphery of the blood bolus and within the peritrophic membrane. Immunoreactivity appeared 8 h after the blood meal and was most prominent around 24 h, coinciding with our previous spectrophotometric determinations of trypsin. At the electron-microscopical level, secretory granules, immunocytochemically labelled with anti-trypsin antibody and protein A-colloidal gold, were first detected about 12 h after the blood meal. At 18 h, the secretory pathway could be followed immunocytochemically from the formation of granules in the Golgi complex until their release by exocytosis in the midgut lumen. By 24 h, there was a reduction in secretory granules, and large lysosomes appeared. The process of secretion described for this mosquito is comparable to similar events in vertebrate secretory systems and the presence of an intracellular trypsinogen is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218082
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Somatotrophs and lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary of fetal and neonatal rats (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; Somatotroph ; Lactotroph ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Fetal and neonatal rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of immunoreactive somatotrophs and lactotrophs in pituitaries of fetal rats at 19, 20 and 21 days of gestation and on the day of birth was studied. Somatotrophs, first detectable at 19 days of gestation, undergo only minor modifications before reaching the structure described for adults. In particular there is an increase in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Lactotrophs, first identifiable in newborn rats, are very different in ultrastructure from adult cells, because the secretory granules are generally small, but variable in shape and size, and the Golgi complex is prominent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213955
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization and function of an FMRFamide-like substance in the aorta of Helix aspersa (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): FMRFamide ; Aorta ; Bioassay ; Immunocytochemistry ; Helix aspersa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary With an antiserum (aFM) against the molluscan “cardio-active” FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) numerous immunoreactive axons were found in the outer, longitudinal, muscle layer of the anterior aorta of Helix aspersa. Immunoreactive axons were rare in the inner, circular, muscle layer. At the ultrastructural level four types of axons could be distinguished. The granules containing the immunoreactive substance (mean diameter ca. 100 nm) are present in type-2 axons. The effect of synthetic FMRF-amide was tested in vitro on preparations of ring- and tubule-shaped pieces of the anterior aorta. Physiological doses (3 × 10-7 M) provoked contractions of the circular muscle fibres, but had no effect on the longitudinal muscle cells. Apparently in vivo the FMRF-like substance diffuses from the richly innervated longitudinal muscle layer to the circular muscle layer, where it exerts its effect. This conclusion is sustained by the observation that the contents of the aFM-immunoreactive granules in type-2 axons are released by exocytosis in a “non-synaptic” fashion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215892
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry and lectin histochemistry of the subcommissural organ: Evidence for processing of the secretory material (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 545-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Subcommissural organ ; Glycoproteins ; Secretory process ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin histochemistry ; Rat ; Vertebrates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The subcommissural organ (SCO) of the rat was investigated by use of histochemical and immunocytochemical methods at the light and electron-microscopic levels. Consecutive thin methacrylate sections were stained with the pseudoisocyanin (Psi), immunoperoxidase (IMC; employing an antiserum against Reissner's fiber, AFRU), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and periodic acid-silver methenamine (SM) techniques, and reacted with six types of lectins. Psi, SM, concanavalin A (Con A) and IMC were also used for double and triple sequential staining of the same section. Increasing dilutions of AFRU (from 1∶1000 to 1∶200 000) were used for immunostaining of serial paraffin sections. In addition, ultrastructural localization of (i) Con A-binding sites and (ii) immunoreactive secretory material was performed. Some of these procedures were also applied to the ophidian and canine SCO. Con A-positive, Psi-positive and immunoreactive materials coexisted within the same cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus lacked Con A-positive and immunoreactive substances. Apical secretory granules and secreted material lying on the surface of the SCO showed (i) the highest affinity for AFRU, but were (ii) Con A-negative, and (iii) wheat-germ agglutinin-, PAS and SM-positive. Reissner's fiber displayed a low affinity for AFRU. It is suggested that the SCO secretes N-linked glycoproteins, the carbohydrate and protein moeities of which undergo (i) a maturation process before being released, and (ii) some kind of modification(s) after their release into the ventricle. The perivascular secretory cells of the dog SCO might secrete a material different from that secreted by the ependymal cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218061
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlative immuno-electron-microscopic and immunofluorescent localization of actin in sensory and supporting cells of the inner ear by use of a low-temperature embedding resin (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Inner ear ; Cochlea ; Actin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chinchilla
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The cochleas from chinchilla inner ears were processed in the cold through Lowicryl K4M, and cured by UV light. Thick (2 μm) sections were reacted with primary antibodies raised against actin, and anti-actin antibodies localized by FITC epifluorescence. On thin sections from the same blocks anti-actin antibodies were localized ultrastructurally with secondary antibodies coupled to colloidal gold. In the hair cells, actin was present in the stereocilia and cuticular plate, regions where thin filaments were observed by electron microscopy. Colloidal gold was uniformly distributed over these regions and over the stereocilia rootlets demonstrating that actin was present in this region although previously in permeabilized cells, the rootlet was not decorated with myosin subfragment S-1. Actin was present in the pillar and Deiters supporting cells at the reticular lamina and at the basilar membrane, where a meshwork of thin filaments was seen by electron microscopy. Colloidal gold particles were also localized over the thin processes of the pillar and Deiters cells, and over the region of the Deiters cell which envelops the base of the outer hair cell. In these regions actin co-localized with microtubules along the entire length of the supporting cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213926
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical study of fibronectin in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fibronectin ; Lamprey ; Hagfish ; Immunocytochemistry ; Connective tissues
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunoreactive fibronectin-like material was localized within tissues of agnathans (hagfishes and lampreys) by an immunoperoxidase technique. Fibronectin was detected in basement membranes and in loose and dense connective tissues throughout the agnathan body. A fibronectin-like component was also identified in the plasma of both lampreys and hagfishes. The results indicate that fibronectin or a fibronectin-like material is a major component of agnathan connective tissues. Although there were some variations in the localization of fibronectin both between the lamprey and the hagfish and between agnathan and other vertebrate tissues, the generalized pattern of distribution of fibronectin in the agnathans supports the view that this protein, like that in higher vertebrates, plays a role in cellmatrix adhesion and tissue organization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212532
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure and central projections of extraocular photoreceptors in caddiesflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 643-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Photoreceptors, extraocular ; Optic lobes ; Stemmata ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insecta (Trichoptera)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Retained larval eyes (stemmata) were studied in the imagines of three species of Trichoptera: Phrygania grandis, Agrypnia varia, and Trichostegia minor. At the light-microscopic level the stemmata of all three species appeared to represent different stages of reduction with respect to size, shape and number of lenses. However, in all three species electron-microscopic studies showed units with monolayered rhabdoms, each formed by four retinula cells. By use of immunocytochemistry the presence of S-antigen was demonstrated in the retinula cells and their axons. This method also revealed the central projections of the axons of the retinula cells, which were found (i) to terminate either in the lamina accessoria or (ii) to penetrate this area to join the fibers of the outer chiasma of the optic lobes and then terminate in the medulla accessoria. The lamina accessoria and the medulla accessoria are the assumed remnants of the larval optic lobes. It is suggested that the imaginal stemmata might still be functioning photoreceptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218567
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of enkephalin immunoreactivity in diverse tissues and cells of the developing and adult rat (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 561-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Growth ; Enkephalin ; Endogenous opioids ; Immunocytochemistry ; Differentiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of enkephalin, an endogenous opioid, in tissues and cells of the developing and adult rat was determined by immunocytochemistry with antibodies to met- and leu-enkephalin. Met- and leu-enkephalin were found in all developing cells investigated, with staining generally located throughout the cytoplasm; cell nuclei were not immunoreactive. In comparison to developing cells, immunoreactive analogues to met-enkephalin were usually difficult to detect in the adult. Some notable exceptions were reaction products in leukocytes in blood, lung, and cortex of thymus, fibroblasts in the skin, and seminiferous tubules. These results, in concert with earlier reports that opioid receptors are found largely in developing, but not adult, tissues, indicate that endogenous opioids are specifically involved in biological development, particularly cell proliferation and differentiation. Immunoreactivity in adult nonneural cells may be related to their development in some cases, but also could indicate other functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215197
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of substance P-like immunoreactive fibers in the thoracic spinal cord of guinea pig (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 653-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Substance P ; Spinal cord ; Dorsal-horn fiber system ; Immunocytochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A dorsal-horn fiber system is revealed in the thoracic spinal cord of guinea pig by means of substance P immunocytochemistry. This system has repeated craniocaudal and/or caudo-cranial extensions and possesses five main components: (1) a superficial network, situated beneath the dorsolateral surface of the spinal cord. This network is connected with the dorsal root fibers and the accumulations of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-LI) fibers in the Lissauer's tract; (2) an accumulation of SP-LI fibers in the Lissauer's tract at the border of the dorsal horn; (3) two collateral SP-LI fascicles (one lateral and one medial) emerging from the SP-LI fiber accumulation in the Lissauer's tract; (4) a transversal fascicle running through laminae III–V, and (5) an SP-LI network in the region of the lateral spinal cord nucleus. These components of the dorsal-horn fiber system show widespread connections with ipsi-and contralateral spinal cord areas, connecting them in cranio-caudal and/or caudo-cranial directions. The SP-LI dorsal-horn system has close relationship with groups of preganglionic sympathetic cells in the intermediate zone of the spinal cord, respective with the vegetative network of this zone. It is suggested that some fibers of the dorsal-horn system that originate from dorsal-root ganglia may represent primary sensory or visceral afferents. It is likely that the dorsal-horn fiber system and the vegetative network of the thoracic spinal cord may represent the morphological basis for the integration of (1) the central and peripheral vegetative nervous systems, and (2) the somatic and vegetative nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215208
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential subcellular localization of ACTH and α-MSH in corticotropes of the rat anterior pituitary (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; Corticotropes ; α-MSH ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Specific antisera to α-melanotropin (α-MSH) and corticotropin (ACTH 1-39) were used to obtain immunocytochemical evidence for the differential localization of α-MSH and ACTH in the secretory granules of corticotropes of rat anterior pituitary. The specificity of the antisera was established by binding 131I-labeled α-MSH and ACTH 1-39 to their respective antisera. Double-labeling immunocytochemistry (for α-MSH, ferritin; for ACTH, colloidal gold) was performed. Some secretory granules were labeled with ferritin particles (α-MSH), whereas others contained gold particles (ACTH). Only a few granules showed both ACTH and α-MSH. In typical corticotropes (stellate in form with a small number of secretory granules aligned along the cell periphery) only some of the secretory granules that were labeled with anti-ACTH serum were also immunoreactive to anti-α-MSH. In atypical corticotropes (polygonal in shape and containing a large number of secretory granules) almost all of the immunoreactive ACTH secretory granules were also positive to anti-α-MSH serum. An intermediate type of corticotrope was observed containing a small number of secretory granules, almost all of which were labeled with anti-α-MSH. Thus, rat anterior pituitary corticotropes may be classified into three types according to the distribution and content of α-MSH. The light-microscopic immuncytochemistry provided similar results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251036
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The organization of serotonin-immunoreactive neuronal systems in the brain of the crested newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur. (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Indoleamines ; Aminergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Crested newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of serotonin (5-HT) immunoreactive structures has been investigated in the brain of the crested newt by means of indirect immunofluorescence, and unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase-complex (PAP) or biotin-avidin-system (BAS) techniques. In the newt, the bulk of the serotoninergic system extends from the raphe region of the medulla oblongata, through the isthmus, toward the mesencephalic tegmentum, and is characterized by pyriform neurons mainly located in a subependymal position, close to the midline. Also in the caudal hypothalamus, in addition to some 5-HT-positive adenohypophysial cells, many immunoreactive CSF-contacting neurons are found lining the paraventricular organ and the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis. A rich serotoninergic innervation was observed in the preoptic area and in the habenular complex. Concerning the telencephalon, immunopositive nerve fibers are encountered in the dorsal pallium, primordium hippocampi, striatum and olfactory bulbs. The general organization of serotoninergic systems in the newt brain exhibit close similarities to that described in higher vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251037
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of “mammalian” neurohormonal peptides in neurones of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropeptides ; Serotonin ; Diphyllobothrium dendriticum ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the nervous system of the obligatory endoparasite Diphyllobothrium dendriticum immunoreactivity (IR) to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), oxytocin, FMRF-amide (FMRF) and serotonin (5HT) was demonstrated by immunocytochemical methods. A very strong GRF-IR was observed in the CNS and PNS of larvae and of the constantly growing adult worms. GRF-IR axon terminals occur beneath the basal lamina of the tegument along the inside of the bothridia, the holdfast organ of the worm. GRF-IR fibres surround the yolk producing vitelline glands and occur in the wall of the vagina. PHI-IR was observed in the CNS and PNS of larvae and adult worms. PHI-IR terminals occur beneath the basal lamina of the tegument along the strobila, the nutrient absorbing surface of the worm. PHI-IR fibres seem to innervate the testicular follicles. FMRF-IR fibres and perikarya occur close to the vitelline glands and the uterine pore and in the male copulatory organ. Numerous large 5HT-IR perikarya with long varicose fibres were observed in the nervous system of the worm. 5HT-IR perikarya occur close to the genital atrium. D. dendriticum is the phylogenetically lowest organism in which IR to PHI has been demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221850
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical differentiation between adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-like peptides in neurons and glandular cells in the corpus cardiacum of Locusta migratoria and Periplaneta americana with C-terminal and N-terminal specific antisera to AKH (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adipokinetic hormone ; Corpus cardiacum ; Locusta migratoria ; Periplaneta americana ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunocytochemical method was used to differentiate between immunoreactive substances in glandular cells in the corpora cardiaca (CC) and in certain cerebral neurons in 2 insect species, Locusta migratoria migratorioides and Periplaneta americana. The staining properties of antisera raised to different parts of the decapeptide adipokinetic hormone (AKH) were compared and their specificity was determined by preabsorption with AKH and related peptides. Antibodies raised to the N-terminal part of AKH (serum 433) and the central and C-terminal part (serum 241) were found to have different staining properties. In the CC of the locust both antisera show a strong immunoreactivity with glandular cells, we therefore suggest that at least one of the compounds revealed is AKH. Some of the glandular cells in the locust and large numbers of glandular cells in the CC of the cockroach are revealed by the N-terminal specific antiserum. On the other hand, neurons in the central nervous system are revealed only by the C-terminal specific antiserum. The possible identity of the various substances revealed by these two antisera is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221847
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative immunocytochemical study of release sites of insulin, glucagon and AKH-like products in Locusta migratoria, Periplaneta americana, and Carausius morosus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral neurosecretory structures ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; AKH ; Insects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Insulin, glucagon and adipokinetic hormone antisera were applied to the corpora cardiaca, perisympathetic organs, neurohemal areas and peripheral neurosecretory cells of three insect species, the locust Locusta migratoria, the cockroach Periplaneta americana, and the stick insect Carausius morosus. The neurohemal part of the corpora cardiaca was shown to be immunoreactive to both insulin and glucagon antisera while the glandular cells reacted to adipokinetic hormone antisera. The perisympathetic organs seem to be devoid of these three substances, but certain peripheral neurohemal areas contained AKH and glucagon immunoreactive products. The latter were found to originate in the peripheral neurosecretory cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213931
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of 5-HT-like and FMRF-amide-like substances in whole mounts of Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): 5-HT ; FMRF-amide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A whole mount immunofluorescence method is used for an investigation of immunoreactivity (IR) to anti-(a-) 5-HT and anti-(a-)FMRF-amide in the nervous system (NS) of Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria, Macrostomida, Platyhelminthes). New details of the organization of the NS are demonstrated, differences in 5-HT and FMRF amide IR are revealed, and new information on the development of the NS in zooids is obtained. In contrast to previous reports of a reduction (one pair of nerve cords without transverse processes) of the basic turbellarian plan, IR to both antisera reveals three pairs of longitudinal nerve cords, and features of the orthogonal organization, characterized by transverse commissures. The lateral pair of nerve cords is the most prominent. The following differences in the patterns of 5-HT and FMRF-amide IR are observed: 1. Perikarya positive for a-5-HT and a-FMRF-amide in the brain show different localizations. 2. Perikarya positive for a-5HT occur along the main lateral nerve cords, while the cords visualized by FMRF-amide IR look double-stranded and lack associated perikarya. 3. 5-HT IR is observed in a postpharyngeal commissure, which is absent in the a FMRF-amide-stained preparations. 4. In developing zooids 5-HT IR is first observed in the postpharyngeal commissure and later on in an increasing number of perikarya and in the neuropile. The first FMRF-amide IR in developing zooids appears in the cerebral commissure and in two perikarya in front of this commissure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218992
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of growth hormone, prolactin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in the brain of larval, young adult and upstream migrant adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Growth hormone ; Prolactin ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lamprey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Growth hormone, prolactin and somatostatinlike immunoreactivities were demonstrated in the brains of larval, young adult (parasitic) and upstream migrant adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, by means of immunoperoxidase techniques. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were observed within separate perikarya in the nucleus praeopticus, within fibers in the commissura praeinfundibularis, and in nerve endings within the neurohypophysis of larval and adult-stage lampreys. Cell bodies demonstrating immunoreactive growth hormone were more numerous than those reactive for prolactin. Unlike in the upstream migrant adult lamprey, no GH or PRL was demonstrated in the adenohypophysis of larval or parasitic lamprey. Somatostatin (SRIF)-like immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in the nucleus commissurae praeinfundibularis, anterior and posterior pars ventralis hypothalami, pars dorsalis thalami, and the tegmentum motorium rhombencephali of larval, parasitic and upstream migrant adult lampreys. Many of the SRIF containing neurons within the hypothalamus were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting cells. SRIF fibers were found throughout most of the brain predominating within the nucleus praeopticus, pars ventralis hypothalami, and the nucleus interpeduncularis. No SRIF immunoreactivity was found within the neurophyophysis. The possible functions of these peptides within the brain of the lamprey are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218994
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The shape and distribution of astrocytes in the retina of the adult rabbit (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retina ; Astroglia ; Perivascular glia ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Nerve fiber layer ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rabbit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Astrocytes stained by antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were examined in whole-mount preparations of retinae from adult rabbits and found to be restricted to the medullary rays. Astroglial cells exhibited a variety of shapes that varied between two extreme morphologies. One extreme was an astrocyte that possessed a few sturdy primary processes as well as finer processes and was strongly GFAP positive. The other extreme was an astroglial cell that displayed a star-shaped appearance; its perikarya gave rise to a few thin, radially oriented processes, which were rather weakly GFAP positive. The majority of astroglial processes were aligned with the ganglioncell axons, but some of their processes were in contact with capillaries. It has been proposed that astrocytes are specifically associated with ganglion-cell axons. Their restriction to the medullary rays in the retina of the rabbit suggests, however, that their physiological role is also concerned with the vascular system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219004
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of pH and weak bases on the in vitro endocytosis of vitellogenin by oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Vitellogenesis ; pH ; Primary amines ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The endocytosis of labeled vitellogenin by the developing oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster is pH dependent and inhibited in the presence of primary amines as determined by culturing whole ovaries in vitro. When the pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 6.8 or above, the vitellogenic oocytes sequester labeled vitellogenin synthesized by the follicle cells. The endocytosis of vitellogenin is shown autoradiographically by the accumulation of labeled yolk spheres within the oocytes. When the pH of the medium is reduced to 6.6 or below, the oocytes fail to sequester labeled vitellogenin, as demonstrated by an increase in immunoprecipitable vitellogenin in the culture medium and a concomitant reduction in the number of labeled yolk spheres within the oocytes. Vitellogenin endocytosis is also impaired by the addition of the primary amines methylamine or chloroquine to the culture medium. Monensin, a carboxylic ionophore, is shown to inhibit completely the secretion of labeled vitellogenin from the follicle cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219005
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Third chromosome suppressor of position-effect variegation loci in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 202 (1986), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Position-effect variegation ; Suppressor mutations ; Chromosome 3 ; Heterochromatin ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary As a result of a genetic analysis of 63 third chromosome suppressor mutations of position-effect variegation 12 different loci showing dominant suppression have been identified and their map positions determined. A compilcation of the genetic data available for each suppressor locus is given. The strong suppressor effects of the mutations have been quantified by measurements of white variegation inw m4h /w m4h ,w m4h /Y andw m4h /O flies. Mutant alleles of three loci were found in these studies to dominate over the strong enhancer effect of complete loss of the Y chromosome. Most of the identified loci suppressing position-effect variegation represent essential genetic funtions; only three loci represent nonessential functions. Mutations of two loci display recessive butyrate sensitivity and lethal interaction with the heterochromatic Y chromosome suggesting that these genes affect chromosomal condensation. Studies with deficiencies and triploids revealed that most of the loci represent haplo-abnormal suppressor functions. The use of the isolated mutant material for genetic, developmental and molecular studies of processes connected with gene inactivation in position-effect variegation is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333281
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deletion polymorphism in a Drosophila melanogaster heat shock gene (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 204 (1986), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Heat shock ; Polymorphism ; Transcript mapping ; Deletion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have continued the transcriptional analysis of the region of cytological locus 67B that contains the four small heat shock genes and other genes. Transcription from one of the heat shock genes in the region, hsp 26, takes place during high temperature treatment and at certain developmental stages, without heat shock, in several tissues, such as imaginal discs and adult ovaries. Observations of unexpected products after nuclease protection experiments periments provided the first indication of what genomic blot experiments showed to be small deletions. The alleles containing the deletion are expressed at the same level as the wild type allele. The deletion shortens the protein product, implying that it is in the coding region. Furthermore, flies homozygous for one of the deletion alleles are viable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425508
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genes for male-specific transcripts in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 202 (1986), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; Male-specific RNAs ; Male accessory gland ; Testis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Twelve genomic clones containing sequences complementary to male-specific trancripts were isolated from a λ library of Drosophila melanogaster. They define five gene regions which were localized by in situ hybridization at 51F, 57D, 75C, 87F, and 95F. The region at 75C contains a small gene family for a male-specific transcript whereas all other coding sequences are represented only once in the genome. Four of the male-specific RNAs accumulate in the male accessory gland while the fifth (localized at 87F) is transcribed in the male germ cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331640
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence analysis of a yolk protein secretion mutant of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Secretion mutant ; Sequence analysis ; Yolk protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The female-sterile mutants fs(1) 1163 of Drosophila melanogaster described by Gans et al. (1975) has been characterised as a yolk protein 1 (YP1) secretion mutant (Bownes and Hames 1978b; Bownes and Hodson 1980). We have cloned and sequenced the YP1 gene from this strain, and the strain in which the mutant was induced. One amino acid substitution was found in the predicted polypeptide sequence, an isoleucine to asparagine change at position 92. The sequence of the leader peptide was identical to previously published YP1 sequences. The possible effects of the amino acid change were investigated by computer analysis, which suggests there is no major alteration of secondary structure, but that a hydrophobic region in YP1 is lost in the mutant. This may affect higher order structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338098
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Visualization of cytoskeletal changes through the life cycle inAcetabularia (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 134 (1986), S. 30-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Acetabularia ; Actin ; Cyst formation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubules ; Plant cytoskeleton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The cytoskeleton in the siphonous, marine green algaAcetabularia is visualized by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against plant alfa tubulin and animal smooth muscle actin. In the vegetative phase of the life cycle, when the cell grows a cylindrical stalk and until the reproductive cap is completed, actin forms continuous, parallel bundles that extend through the entire length of the stalk and cap rays respectively. Microtubules (MTs) cannot be detected until the primary nucleus, located in the rhizoid of the giant cell, divides to form thousands of secondary nuclei. MTs can then be seen radiating from each secondary nucleus that is encountered in the stalk on its migration upwards into the cap rays. They are oriented mostly parallel to the long axis of the cell. At arrival in the cap rays up to the “white spot” stage, when nuclei assume equidistant positions in the cap ray cytoplasm, a radiating system of MTs forms around each nucleus and dramatically increases until impressive radial arrays have developed. This phase coincides with a disappearance of actin bundles in the cap rays, but they are retained in the stalk cytoplasm. Shortly after that additional MTs appear around the disk like partitions of cap ray cytoplasm. Concomitantly, bundles of actin reappear colinearly with the circumferrential MTs eventually forming complete rings around each disk of cap ray cytoplasm. During this process the compartments of the future cysts are gradually bulging outwards and simultaneously the rings of actin sink inwards until domes are formed with the nuclei fixed in the top centers of the domes. At this stage the peripheral areas of the radiating MT systems around the nuclei start to break down, whereas the circumferrential MT systems remain intact. Subsequently, the rings of both actin and MTs decrease in diameter, and finally contract to a spot opposite the nucleus, while the cysts continue to develop their oval shape. After the cysts have become separated, they round up and enter several rounds of nuclear divisions. MTs form short radial arrays around each nucleus with minor changes due to a reduction of MTs during division followed by a reappearance after completion of each division. Actin is rearranged in the cysts to a cortical network of randomly oriented, short bundles, that is maintained until gamete formation sets in. These findings accentuate the involvement of Cytoskeletal elements in the key steps of morphogenesis inAcetabularia to an extent that is unknown in higher plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276373
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in sexual behavior and negative assortative mating inDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 307-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): assortative mating ; sexual selection ; inbreeding ; polymorphism ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The hypothesis that negative assortative mating occurs as a mechanism limiting inbreeding between genetically related individuals ofDrosophila melanogaster was tested. In order to avoid bias linked to using inbred lines, experiments made use of the F1 hybrid progeny between lines rendered homozygous on chromosomes 1, 2, and 3. No negative assortative mating was found, but significant additive variation was observed between lines for orientation, vibration, copulation latencies, and copulation duration. There was no consistency of results, either among parameters or between sexes from the same line. It is therefore unlikely that the variations observed are due merely to quantitative differences in “vigor”. Since all lines originated from the same wild population, these differences are a possible estimate of natural variation in sexual behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070806
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of light on pupation height inDrosophila (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; pupation height ; larval behavior ; light
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract A comparison of pupation height in light and dark was made using 12 species ofDrosophila, representing four species groups and four different ecological backgrounds (temperate-montane forest,virilis group desert,replate group; cosmopolitanmelanogaster group; tropical forest,willistoni group). Light condition has a significant effect on pupation height in only two of the species. In the light,D. montana stays close to the food surface, whileD. melanogaster pupates higher in light than in dark. Light-dependent patterns of pupation response do not correspond to those previously reported for the light-dependent mating response. Considerable interspecific variation exists for pupation height in each species triad, some of which could provide a basis for larval niche separation. Patterns of species differences in the desertrepleta triad are the same in light and in darkness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071320
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and characterization of the vermilion gene of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 202 (1986), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; Genetic suppression ; Insertion mutants ; Tryptophan oxygenase gene ; Vermilion gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A clone carrying the vermilion (v) gene of D. melanogaster was isolated from a genomic DNA library using cloned rat liver cDNA sequences for tryptophan oxygenase as the probe. DNA from different vermilion mutants (four of spontaneous origin and three X-ray induced) was examined by Southern blotting using sequences from the Drosophila clone as probes. Three of the spontaneous mutants contain DNA insertions; no change was detected in the fourth. For the X-ray induced mutants, one shows an insertion, one a deletion and the other no change. All the changes in the mutants occur within a 1.3 kb region in the clone. The same region hybridizes to sequences in the rat cDNA clones. The three mutants which are suppressible by mutations at the suppressor-of-sable locus each contain the same DNA insertion (approx. 7.2 kb) at or very close to the same site in the vermilion region. In the case of the v 1 mutant, we have shown that the insert is the transposable element 412. Two transcripts from the vermilion region of the genome have been detected. The level of one of these is greatly reduced in the v 1 mutant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330524
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis inDrosophila melanogaster: thermic modifications of the cytotype can be detected for several generations (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; P-M system ; Cytotype ; Thermosensitivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis inDrosophila melanogaster, the cytotype corresponds to an extrachromosomal state which controls the mobility of the P transposable elements. Previous experiments have shown that thermic treatments during development and ageing may dramatically influence the cytotype transformation process in certain types of hybrid females. We show here that these temperature-induced modifications can be detected in subsequent generations. The consequences for the cytotypic characterisation of strains are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02428028
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification and comparisons of the yolk polypeptides and the genes which code for them in D. melanogaster sibling species (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 204 (1986), S. 302-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Yolk polypeptides ; Yolk protein genes ; Evolution ; In situ hybridisation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The yolk proteins stored in Drosophila, oocytes for utilisation during embryogenesis are an ideal system for studying the regulation of gene expression during development. The 3 major polypeptides found in yolk in D. melanogaster are synthesised in the fat body and ovarian follicle cells and selectively accumulated by the oocyte during vitellogenesis. In order to understand more about their regulation and the mechanism of uptake, studies on other species are necessary. Three yolk polypeptides have previously been identified in the D. melanogaster sibling species (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. erecta, D. teissieri, D. orena and D. yakuba). In D. melanogaster three genes located on the X chromosome are known to code for these yolk polypeptides. in this study genomic Southern transfers and in situ hybridisation experiments were carried out on the sibling species. Using the three cloned yolk protein genes from D. melanogaster, homologous sequences could be detected in the sibling species. It is suggested that three yolk protein genes occur in each of these species, all being located on the X chromosome, and that two of the genes are very closely linked in these same species. Yolk protein gene-homologous DNA sequences have also been identified in two more distantly related species D. funebris and D. virilis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425514
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Autonomy of the wingless mutation in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; wingless ; Autonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary T(Y;2) translocations were used to cytologically localise the wingless locus of Drosophila melanogaster. We found that an existing T(Y;2), which is an insertion of a segment of 2L into the Y chromosome, has wg + within this insert. This Y chromosome was used to generate an attached XY chromosome containing wg +. The mutation claret-nondisjunctional (ca nd) was used to induce the loss of this XY chromosome and thus generate gynandromorphs with wg 1/wg 1 male tissue and wg +/wg 1/wg 1 female tissue. Analysis of these gynanders demonstrated that a genotypically wingless mutant hemithorax is usually also phenotypically mutant in these half body mosaics; thus wg 1 is discautonomous. This observation is of interest as it is known that wg is not cell autonomous.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338086
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation between a female sterile mutation and a set of follicle cell proteins in Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Follicle cell ; Protein ; Female sterile ; Mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In order to correlate the synthesis of a previously described set of follicel cell (Fc) proteins with a known mutation that affects female fertility, three female sterile mutations, fs(1)384, fs(1)508 and fs(1)1501, mapping in the same region as the Fc locus (7C1-9), were analysed with respect to Fc synthesis. The fs(1)508 strain displayed a normal Fc protein pattern, while in fs(1)384 no Fc protein synthesis could be detected. The fs(1)1501 pattern of Fc polypeptide synthesis was totally different from that of any previously analysed strain, displaying a set of proteins that were much larger than the standard Fc variant form. Two of the female sterile mutations, fs(1)384 and fs(1)1501, were combined in rans with two wild-type strains displaying two different electrophoretic variant forms of the Fc proteins. The combinations were then analysed for Fc protein synthesis, using the fact that females heterozygous for two of the Fc variant forms display both parental forms. The results indicate that the fs(1)384 mutation is directly involved in the synthesis of the Fc proteins, as the trans heterozygotes only synthesize the Fc form derived from the wild-type parent. We also suggest that the large proteins synthesized by the fs(1)1501 mutant are a defective Fc variant form. The nature of the two mutations is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430429
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuropeptides in free-living and parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes). An immunocytochemical study (1986)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 132 (1986), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Turbellaria ; Cestoda ; Neuropeptides ; Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The nervous systems of the turbellarians Microstomum lineare and Polycelis nigra and of the cestodes Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and Schistocephalus solidus were studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical method, with the use of antisera to the neuropeptides FMRF-amide, vasotocin, leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin, neurotensin, somatostatin, and VIP, and to the bioamine serotonin. Anti-FMRF-amide positive perikarya and fibers occurred in all species, while the occurrence of the vertebrate brain-gut peptides and serotonin varied between the species. Anti-somatostatin and anti-VIP gave a negative result. Anti-FMRF-amide and anti-vasotocin positive immunoreactivity was found in the brain and gut of M. lineare, and in the CNS and the peripheral nerve net of the cestodes. We suggest that the brain-gut peptides of free-living flatworms act on the subtegumental region in the cestodes, which lack a gut but absorb their nutrients directly through the tegument.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046234
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature-dependent responses to a developmental gradient in theDrosophila wing (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1346-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Positional information ; temperature effects ; gradients ; campaniform sensillae ; wing veins ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The mutant hairy (h) increases the number of sensillae on theDrosophila wing. This allows us to quantify a gradient that determines the type of sense organ that forms along the third long vein. Temperature significantly shifts the positional responses to this underlying gradient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952088
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence, distribution and nature of neuropeptide Y in the rat pancreas (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1554-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Immunocytochemistry ; neuropeptide Y ; radioimmunoassay ; rat pancreas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Significant quantities of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y, were found in the rat pancreas, where they were localized to nerves in the exocrine parenchyma and around arterial and ductal structures. Although unaffected by surgical parasympathectomy, the periarterial and periductal nerves were abolished by chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that NPY is partially costored with sympathetic transmitters in nerve fibers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964804
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of DDT on DNA replication in the larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 745-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; salivary gland ; larval ; DNA replication ; DDT ; chromosomes ; polytene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The inhibitory effect of DDT on the initial stage of the DNA replication process in polytene chromosomes of larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila melanogaster was investigated and possible mechanisms for the inhibition are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012576
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acetaldehyde oxidation inDrosophila null-mutants for alcohol dehydrogenase (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 946-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Acetaldehyde oxydation ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; aldehyde dehydrogenase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Drosophila simulans ; ethanol catabolism ; null-mutants for alcohol dehydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is demonstrated in four strains ofD. melanogaster lacking active alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-null mutants). In the four strains, ALDH activities are similar to those found in a wild strain. It is concluded that ADH-null flies are able to detoxify acetaldehyde. This finding is discussed in relation with the dual function of ADH proposed recently.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01970027
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of intercalating mutagens on crossing-over inDrosophila melanogaster females (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1078-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; intercalating mutagens ; crossing-over ; clastogenic activity ; recombination induction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to evaluate the effect of several intercalating compounds on crossing-over inDrosophila melanogaster females, acridine orange, acriflavine, chloroquine, ethidium bromide and quinacrine were fed separately to larvae ofy ct f/+++ genotype. Our results show that acridine orange, acriflavine and ethidium bromide increase significantly the recombination frequency at thect-f region and support the view that, for intercalating agents, there is a relationship between clastogenic activity and female recombination induction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952152
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization and tolerance of ethanol, acetic acid and acetaldehyde vapour by Asobara persimilis, a parasitoid of Drosophila (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Drosophila ; parasitoid ; habitat toxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'étude a porté sur la tolérance et l'utilisation de vapeurs d'éthanol, d'acide acétique et d'acétaldéhyde par Asobara persimilis (Hym. Braconidae), parasitoïde de Drosophila récemment découvert en Australie. Aux faibles concentrations, il n'y a pas d'utilisation significative d'éthanol et d'acide (respectivement moins de 1,5% et 0,1%), cependant la longévité des mâles et des femelles ont augmenté avec les concentrations d'acide acétique de 1,0 et 1,5%. Toutes ces substances sont toxiques à plus forte concentrations, bien qu'il y ait un dimorphisme sexuel et que les femelles survivent significativement plus longtemps que les mâles. La tolérance des braconides est inférieure à celle de leurs hôtes, les Drosophiles cosmopolites et endémiques à l'Australie. Ceci peut faire que ces parasites limitent l'exploitation de leurs hôtes aux habitats avec une faible concentration de produits de fermentation.
    Notizen: Abstract The tolerance and utilization of ethanol, acetic acid and acetaldehyde vapour was investigated in Asobara persimilis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Drosophila. No significant utilization of ethanol or acetaldehyde occurred at low concentrations (〈 1.5% and 0.1% respectively), however both female and male longevity was increased at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5% acetic acid. All substances were toxic at higher concentrations, but there was sexual dimorphism in that females survived significantly longer than males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414501
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mitochondrial DNA molecule ofDrosophila yakuba: Nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 22 (1985), S. 252-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Mitochondrial genes ; Nucleotide sequence ; Gene arrangement ; Genetic code ; Codon-anticodon interaction ; Ribosomal RNA genes ; Transfer RNA genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The sequence of the 16,019 nucleotide-pair mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule ofDrosophila yakuba is presented. This molecule contains the genes for two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, six identified proteins [cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II, and III (COI-III), and ATPase subunits 6 and 8] and seven presumptive proteins (URF1-6 and URF4L). Replication originates within a region of 1077 nucleotides that is 92.8% A+T and lacks any open reading frame larger than 123 nucleotides. An equivalent to the sequence found in all mammalian mtDNAs that is associated with initiation of second-strand DNA synthesis is not present inD. yakuba mtDNA. Introns are absent fromD. yakuba mitochondrial genes and there are few (0–31) intergenic nucleotides. The genes found inD. yakuba and mammalian mtDNAs are the same, but there are differences in their arrangement and in the relative proportions of the complementary strands of the molecule that serve as templates for transcription. Although theD. yakuba small and large mitochondrial rRNA genes are exceptionally low in G and C and are shorter than any other metazoan rRNA genes reported, they can be folded into secondary structures remarkably similar to the secondary structures proposed for mammalian mitochondrial rRNAs.D. yakuba mitochondrial tRNA genes, like their mammalian counterparts, are more variable in sequence than nonorganelle tRNAs. In mitochrondrial protein genes ATG, ATT, ATA, and in one case (COI) ATAA appear to be used as translation initiation codons. The only termination codon found in these genes is TAA. In theD. yakuba mitochondrial genetic code, AGA, ATA, and TGA specify serine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, respectively. Fifty-nine types of sense codon are used in theD. yakuba mitochondrial protein genes, but 93.8% of all codons end in A or T. Codon-anticodon interactions may include both G-A and C-A pairing in the wobble position. Evidence is summarized that supports the hypothesis that A and T nucleotides are favored at all locations in theD. yakuba mtDNA molecule where these nucleotides are compatible with function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099755
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fate-mapping in wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1985), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Blastoderm fate map ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Here we propose a fate map of theDrosophila blastoderm based on reconstructions of increasingly aged embryos and on results of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in early gastrula cells. Boundaries of blastoderm anlagen have been extrapolated from size, form and location of the corresponding larval primordia, once these primordia become distinguishable at later embryonic stages.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848248
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further studies onengrailed mutants inDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1985), S. 236-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila melanogaster ; engrailed ; Selector gene ; Genetic complementation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In 1975, Morata and Lawrence proposed that theengrailed (en) locus was a selector gene that controlled the different pathways of development followed by anterior and posterior compartments. This hypothesis assumed that the phenotype ofen 1 flies results from partial inactivity of theen + product. However, the mutant phenotype ofen 1/DF(2R)en − is weaker thanen 1/en 1. This implies that the partial P→A transformation ofen 1 does not result primarily from reduction inen + activity. Heterozygotes betweenl(2) en alleles andDf(2R)en − deletions express a similar phenotype of fused embryonic segments to that described by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, and also by Kornberg, forl(2) en homozygoes. By this criterion, the lethal phenotype results from partial or complete lack ofen _ activity. Despite this, the1(2) en alleles give only a weak P→A transformation, whether recovered as embryonic lethals or by failure to complementen 1. They appear to define only one locus and, with the exception ofen 1, the available genetic date suggest that the complementation pattern at this locus is simple. Thus, it is unlikely thatengrailed is the sole determinant of the A/P compartment separation. It might be one of a number of loci that affect the alternative pathways followed by anterior and posterior compartments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848252
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