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  • Yeast
  • temperature
  • Springer  (38)
  • Cell Press
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (38)
  • 1984  (38)
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Publisher
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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (38)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1441-1443 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Conidia ; Neurospora crassa ; temperature ; respiration ; germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Incubation of conidia of wild typeNeurospora crassa at temperatures ranging from 25 to 46°C modulates their respiratory type. Between 37 and 41°C, the transient activity of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway parallels, with a maximal extrusion of protons into the medium, the optimal rate of germ tube outgrowth.
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  • 2
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Glossina pallidipes ; tsetse fly ; laboratory rearing ; temperature ; productivity ; oocyte size ; spermatogenesis ; sperm motility ; incubation of pupae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les productivités de G. pallidipes Austen élevés au laboratoire pendant tout leur cycle à 22, 25 et 28° C, ont été comparées. A 28° C, la vie intrapupale est réduite à environ 23 jours, contre 30 jours environ à 25° C; la survie des adultes est plus brève qu'à 25° C et les mouches ne s'accouplent pas. Les ovaires présentent une rétention d'oeufs et seulement 1/3 des mâles contient des spermatozoïdes mobiles. A 22° C, le cycle est considérablement prolongé, la vie intrapupale durant environ 40 jours. Les femelles s'accouplaient environ 14 jours après l'émergence. Les ovaires présentaient une rétention d'oeufs, bien que moins souvent qu'à 28° C. Les mâles contenaient des spermatozoïdes mobiles. Des expériences avec changements de température à différents moments du cycle ont montré que la stérilité des mâles et des femelles est provoquée par l'incubation de pupes de G. pallidipes à 28° C. La mensuration des ovocytes montre à 28° C un effet nocif sur leur maturation. Des observations sur les testicules dans les pupes révèlent, par comparaison avec 25° C, que l'enroulement des testicules et des spermatozoïdes est retardé à 28° C, tandis que la pigmentation des testicules est retardée à 22° C. Les pupes de G. m. morsitans sont moins affectées à 28° C que celles de G. pallidipes.
    Notes: Abstract The reproductive biology of G. pallidipes Austen was studied at 28°, 25° and 22° C. Experiments showed that incubation of puparia at 28° C resulted in sterility of both males and females. Incubation at 22° C resulted in a reduced fecundity of the females due to egg retention; the fertility of the males was not affected. Comparative studies with G. m. morsitans Westw. showed that G. m. morsitans puparia are less affected by a temperature of 28° C than are G. pallidipes puparia.
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  • 3
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Lygaeidae ; Lygaeus equestris ; reproductive diapause ; copulation ; photoperiod ; temperature ; diapause regulation ; oviposition ; batch size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé La photopériode, la température et la nourriture sont des facteurs habituellement utilisés comme stimuli induisant la diapause chez des insectes. Cette étude montre que la copulation peut aussi être importante dans la régulation de la diapause reproductive des femelles. Chez. L. equestris L., la fréquence des femelles pondeuses, c'est-à-dire non diapausantes, élevées en jours courts (18L/6D et 30°C), a été significativement plus élevée après isolement avec des mâles actifs au lieu de mâles diapausants. Des femelles, élevées en jours longs (22L/2D et 30°C), ont présenté un léger, mais non significatif, effet de la copulation; elles ont généralement pondu, qu'elles se soient accouplées ou non. Les résultats révèlent trois catégories de femelles: (1) des femelles avec diapause, qu'il y ait ou non copulation, (2) des femelles sans diapause, qu'il y ait ou non copulation, (3) des femelles sans diapause, à condition qu'il y ait copulation. En jours courts, les fréquences des trois catégories ont été respectivement à 0,46; 0,28 et 0,26. En jours longs, respectivement à 0; 0,92 et 0,08. II est possible que les femelles proches de leur seuil d'induction de la diapause-en fonction de la photopériode et de la température-sont les plus aptes à utiliser la copulation comme stimulus additionnel pour induire un développment direct. Cette hypothèse s'appuie sur les proportions de femelles affectées par la copulation en jours longs et courts.
    Notes: Abstract Photoperiod, temperature, food and population density are all factors commonly used as cues for diapause regulation in insects. This study shows that also copulation can be of importance in the regulation of adult female reproductive diapause. In Lygaeus equestris L. the frequency of ovipositing, i.e. non-diapausing, females reared under short day conditions (18L:6D, and 30°C), was significantly higher when they had been isolated with mating than with non-mating (=diapausing) males. Females reared under long day conditions (22L:2D, and 30°C) showed a small but non-significant effect of copulation, and they generally laid eggs whether they were mated or not. The results indicate that, under the conditions in these experiments, three types of females can be distinguished: females (1) diapausing independently of copulation, (2) non-diapausing independently of copulation, and (3) non-diapausing provided copulation has taken place. The proportion of females for which copulation is a determinant of direct development, was estimated at 0.26 under short day conditions, and at 0.08 under long day conditions, respectively.
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  • 4
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1369-1372 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Collembola ; snow ; activity ; temperature ; barometric pressure changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Temperature is limiting for the snow surface activity ofIsotoma hiemalis: values below a threshold of −2.5° to −3°C are avoided. Changing barometric pressure leads to increased surface activity, thus being responsible for mass appearances. These experiments provide the first evidence for sensitivity to and reaction to barometric pressure changes in insects.
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  • 5
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Protoplast fusion ; Yeast ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Kluyveromyces lactis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Prototrophic hybrids have been obtained by the fusion of auxotrophic haploid strains of the two yeasts Yarrowia (Saccharomycopsis) lipolytica and Kluyveromyces lactis. The hybrid fusants had a colonial morphology intermediate between that of the two parent strains, were uninucleate, and contained an approximately diploid amount of DNA per cell. The growth rates of all the fusants on a minimal glucose medium were slower than those of the two parents. Two of the fusants studied could utilise a novel range of carbon sources. All of these data suggested that the hybrids contained a diploid nucleus formed by the fusion of the two haploid parental nuclei. However, analytical CsCl density gradient centrifugation demonstrated that the nuclear DNA of the fusants was derived almost entirely from the Y. lipolytica parent. Moreover, an examination of the protein constitution of the fusants by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that their protein patterns were indistinguishable from that of Y. lipolytica. Two possible mechanisms for the formation of a diploid nucleus containing DNA derived almost entirely from one of the haploid parents are discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Antibiotic resistance mutations ; Suppressor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Strains that are genotypically sensitive to chloramphenicol and also contain one of the nuclear suppressors of mitochondrial chloramphenicol resistance (Waxman et al. 1979) were constructed. A manganese mutagenesis on such a strain produced chloramphenicol resistant mutants, most of which resulted from mutations in nuclear genes. These mutants may be either dominant or recessive, and they probably do not code for membrane proteins. The few mitochondrial mutants fall into several classes, but all result from mutations in the 21S rRNA gene. The suppressor allele effectively prevents the appearance of the most common group of mitochondrial mutants (those that map at cap1), and thereby enhances the selection of novel mutants in the region.
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  • 7
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 29-32 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Antisuppression ; Suppression ; tRNA ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of a previously isolated antisuppressor mutation from bakers' yeast, that reduced the efficiency of the tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressor, SUP7-o, on other tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressors has been determined. As expected, the antisuppressor mutation, mod5-1, restricted the capacity of all eight tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressors to suppress nonsense mutations. Based on the suppression of five ochre alleles in the presence of mod5, the eight class I suppressors can be grouped into three subclasses. The most efficient subclass had only one member, SUP4-o. Members of the second group included SUP2-o, SUP3-o, SUP7-o, and SUP8-o. The third and least efficient subclass included SUP5-o, SUP6-o, and SUP1 1-o. These differences in efficiencies are a function of the relative expression of the eight genes encoding tRNATYR.
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  • 8
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Chromosome map ; Yeast ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Gene conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetic map of the nuclear genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been extended by mitotic and meiotic mapping data. A total of 158 markers are now assigned to the three linkage groups known in this organism, and 118 of them have been located on the corresponding chromosome map. Chromosome II and III each consist of one linkage group. There is some indication that the two large fragments which define chromosome I are meiotically linked, but the linkage observed is significant at the P = 0.05 level only. The length of the map is at least 1,700 map units, corresponding to an average of about 8 kilobases per map unit. The latter figure is comparable to the one obtained for intragenic recombination in the sup3 gene (Hofer et al. 1979). The basic frequency of gene conversion as measured for 21 genes varies according to a distribution of Poisson (with a modal value of 0.6% conversion per meiosis and per gene), in sharp contrast with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fogel et al. 1980) and Ascobolus immersus (Nicolas 1979). This may reflect the rarity of gene or region-specific rec alleles in S. pombe and may be related to the homothallism of this organism.
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  • 9
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 353-358 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Hygromycin B ; Yeast ; Plasmids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae is normally sensitive to the drug hygromycin B; a hygromycin B concentration of 200 µg/ml in agar plates is sufficient to completely inhibit growth. We constructed yeast-E. coli bifunctional plasmids which confer hygromycin B resistance to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Promoters and amino terminal coding regions of a heat shock gene, a heat shock cognate gene, and the phosphoglycerate kinase gene from yeast were fused to a bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene. In all three cases, yeast cells containing plasmids with the hybrid hygromycin B resistance gene were resistant to high levels of the drug. Yeast cells containing these plasmids can also be directly selected after transformation by using hygromycin B. The intact bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene and the kanamycin resistance gene from Tn903 were also tested in yeast for their ability to confer resistance to hygromycin B and G418. The intact bacterial genes were not effective in conferring drug resistance to yeast cells.
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  • 10
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ethidium bromide ; Meiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ethidium bromide was found to inhibit nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis during meiosis which resulted in the inhibition of meiotic gene conversion and sporulation and was also lethal. Protection from the effects of ethidium bromide on meiotic gene conversion and survival was found to coincide with DNA synthesis, but it is possible that protection from sporulation inhibition occurs only later in meiosis.
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  • 11
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 333-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: polA+ ; DNA polymerase I ; Cloning ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The E. coli polA + gene has been subcloned from a specialised λ transducing phage onto a low copy number plasmid. Plasmid-encoded DNA polymerase I was synthesised at 2 to 3 times the wild-type E. coli level, and was biochemically indistinguishable from chromosomally-encoded protein. It was able to counteract the radio sensitivity of polA1, polAex1, polAex2 and polA12 mutants, but no complementation of polA107 mutants occurred, even though the plasmid polA+ gene was expressed. S. cerevisiae ars-1 or 2 μ replicative sequences were introduced into the polA+ plasmid. Transformation of yeast with these constructs increased total DNA polymerase levels 2–20 times, depending upon assay conditions. The additional activity was discriminated from yeast DNA polymerases by its ability to use low concentrations of substrate, by its resistance to chemical inhibition, and by co-electrophoresis with pure DNA polymerase I and its proteolytic fragments. The polA+ gene was expressed in yeast without the aid of yeast promotor sequences. However, deletion of cloned DNA more than 99 base pairs in front of the structural gene prevented expression in yeast but not in E. coli, indicating that the two organisms use different sequences for expression of the plasmid polA+ gene.
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  • 12
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 471-475 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: β-Glucanase ; Expression ; Heterologous DNA ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cloned endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase gene from the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis has been located by deletion analysis on a 1.4 kb PvuI-ClaI DNA fragment. This gene has been sub-cloned in the yeast LEU2 vector pJDB207 to produce a hybrid plasmid designated pEHB9. pEHB9 has been transformed to S. cerevisiae and shown to direct the synthesis of an endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase in yeast. The β-glucanase activity was low and could only be detected in crude cell extracts of yeast harbouring pEHB9.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mutant ; Uncoupler ; Resistance ; Permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary One mutant resistant to carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, was isolated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetic analysis showed that a single nuclear gene is responsible for increased resistance; this gene was dominant. The mutant showed cross-resistance or collateral sensitivity to several chemically-unrelated inhibitors (cycloheximide, dinitrophenol, tributhyltin chloride, chloramphenicol). The resistance of the mutant is related to a decreased uptake of CCCP which is not expressed in glucose-starved cells. It was shown that glucose induced a CCCP efflux which was more efficient in the mutant than in the wild-type cells. This effect was correlated to a greater acidification of the internal pH by glucose addition in the mutant cells. It was proposed that resistance was not due to a change of permeability of the plasmic membrane itself but to the change of internal pH which determines the extent of accumulation of weak acids or bases.
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  • 14
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 567-573 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Non-Mendelian ; Yeast ; Suppressor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Omnipotent suppressors cause translational ambiguity and have been associated with poor growth and inviability. We now report that a non-Mendelian element, [eta+], causes this inviability. In [eta−] strains the suppressors are not inviable. The [eta+] genetic element segregates to about 70% of the meiotic progeny, although almost all of the spores probably have the [eta+] phenotype for the first few divisions. Growth on 5 mM guanidine hydrochloride efficiently causes [eta+] strains to become [eta−]. The [eta+] factor has many similarities with the previously described [psi+] factor (Cox 1965, 1971). However, [eta+] and [psi+] differ in their patterns of inheritance, and by the fact that [psi+] affects ochre specific and not omnipotent suppressors, while the converse is true of [eta+].
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  • 15
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 265-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: DHF Reductase ; Cloning ; Trimethoprim ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The dihydrofolate reductase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated by selection of trimethoprim resistant Escherichia coli transformed with a gene bank of yeast DNA in plasmid pBR322. From 9.2 kilobase pair BamHI DNA fragment this gene has been localized to a 1.76 kb fragment, the restriction map of which appears different from those reported for the E. coli and the mouse dihydrofolate reductase genes. The enzyme encoded by the chimeric plasmid was established as yeast dihydrofolate reductase by its sensitivity to antifolates in vivo through growth studies and in vitro by enzyme assay. Since, the expression of this gene occurs independent of its orientation within the chimeric plasmid, the 1.76 kb fragment may contain functional regulatory sequences in addition to the structural sequences for yeast dihydrofolate reductase.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Sequence analysis ; Northern blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sequence analysis revealed that a gene coding for yeast ribosomal protein L34 comprises an amino acid coding region of 339 nucleotides which is interrupted by an intron after the 19th codon. Like for other yeast ribosomal protein genes analyzed thus far a strong codon bias was observed. The flanking and intervening sequences of this gene encoding L34 show several elements that are conserved in a number of split ribosomal protein genes in yeast. Northern blot analysis using an intron-specific probe demonstrated that the sequenced gene copy coding for L34 is transcribed in vivo.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Recombination ; Conversion ; Restoration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Heteroduplex repair models of recombination predict that restoration of the parental genotype from heteroduplex will have the same frequency as conversion to the genotype of the homologue. We have reported previously (Savage and Hastings 1981) that the proportion of intragenic reciprocal events in the his1 locus of yeast is too low for this expectation. In this study, two classes of recombination event involving longer lengths of his1 are compared in a series of crosses using a constant right-hand marker. This comparison gives a value for conversion: restoration for the left-hand markers which is independant of the method used before. The values obtained by the two methods are significantly correlated, confirming that there is a disparity in the ratio of conversion to restoration, and that this disparity is seen as a deficiency of restoration for five alleles of his1.
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  • 18
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    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 429-437 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Heat-shock response ; Mitochondrial inhibition ; 2D electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Conventional and two dimensional (2D) electrophoresis on ultrathin horizontal slab gels shows that heat shock proteins are synthesized and heat stroke proteins are curtailed after the transfer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Z270 from 23 °C to 37 °C. Upon addition of the mitochondrial translation inhibitor erythromycin to cell cultures which incorporated labelled methionine at 23 °C, and after the transfer to 37 °C, we have shown that: a) in extracts of cells labelled at 23 °C, translational products sensitive to erythromycin could be observed on 2D gels; the synthesis of some of these proteins was enhanced, whereas the synthesis of some others declined when the labelling was carried out 20 min after the transfer to 37 °C; b) there are heat shock proteins whose induction at 37 °C was prevented by erythromycin; c) labelling of a number of proteins became weaker at 37 °C, but not at 23 °C, when this was done in the presence of erythromycin; d) two proteins were detectable only in samples labelled at 37 °C in the presence of erythromycin.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial ochre mutations ; Specificity of suppressors ; Mitoribosomal misreading ; Intron-encoded maturases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We describe studies on the action spectra of the mitochondrial suppressor mim3-1 and the three alleles of nuclear suppressor nam3. Their specificity of action was tested on 516 mit − mutations located in different mitochondrial genes. The degree of suppression was quantified by the extent of cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome b synthesis. We show that the four suppressors are allele-specific gene-nonspecific informational suppressors. They would act by changing the structure of the small mitoribosomal subunit which would decrease fidelity of translation enabling misreading of some but not all ochre codons. The implications of the results on the role of intron encoded maturases are discussed.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial ochre mutations ; Nuclear informational suppressors ; Mitochondrial informational suppressors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A systematic search for suppressors of mutations which cause a deficiency in the splicing of mitochondrial RNA has been undertaken. These splicing mutations were localized in the mRNA-maturase coding sequence of the second intron of the cob-boxgene, i.e. in the box3locus. A total of 953 revertants (mostly spontaneous in origin) were isolated and their genetic nature (nuclear vs. mitochondrial) and phenotype characterized. Most revertants were mitochondrially determined and displayed a wild-type phenotype. A mitochondrial suppressor unlinked with the box3 −target mutation was uncovered among the revertants displaying a pseudo-wild phenotype: out of 26 revertants analyzed, derived from 7 different box3− mutants only one such suppressor mutation mim3-1 was found. It was localized by rho− deletion mapping in the region between the oxi2 and oxi3 gene, within (or in the vicinity) the gene specifying the 15S ribosomal RNA. Nuclear suppressors were isolated from seven different box3 −mutants. All were recessive and had a pseudo-wild phenotype. Three such suppressors nam3-1, nam3-2 and nam3-3 were investigated more extensively. Tetrad analysis has shown that they are alleles of the same nuclear locus NAM3 and mitotic analysis has shown that they do not segregate mitotically.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Phosphate uptake ; Phosphate-binding protein ; Anti-phosphate-binding protein antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purification of a phosphate-binding protein (PiBP2) by immunoadsorption is described. The entire anti phosphate-binding protein 2 antibodies as well as the Fab fragments obtained from these antibodies inhibit Pi uptake by whole cells. The inhibition is a mixed type of inhibition (V m and K m are affected). These results should be regarded as a possible involvement of phosphate-binding protein 2 in Pi uptake. The binding of 125I-labelled fragments prepared from anti phosphate-binding protein 2 antibodies to whole cells, to shocked cells and to protoplasts has been investigated. The results confirm the release of phosphate-binding protein by osmotic shock and during protoplast formation. From these findings, a cell-wall localisation, near the cell surface of the phosphate-binding protein should be proposed.
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  • 22
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    Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Killer toxin ; Extracellular glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 13 killer toxin producing strains belonging to the genera Saccharomyces, Candida and Pichia were tested against each other and against a sensitive yeast strain. Based on the activity of the toxins 4 different toxins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 different toxins of Pichia and one toxin of Candida were recognized. The culture filtrate of Pichia and Candida showed a much smaller activity than the strains of Saccharomyces. Extracellular killer toxins of 3 types of Saccharomyces were concentrated and partially purified. The pH optimum and the isoelectric point were determined. The killer toxins of S. cerevisiae strain NCYC 738, strain 399 and strain 28 were glycoproteins and had a molecular weight of Mr=16,000. The amino acid composition of the toxin type K2 of S. cerevisiae strain 399 was determined and compared with the composition of two other toxins.
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  • 23
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    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Nitrogen assimilation ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Candida utilis ; Food yeast ; Nitrate reduction ; Nitrogenous oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Assimilation of nitrate and various other inorganic nitrogen compounds by different yeasts was investigated. Nitrate, nitrite, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, ammonium sulphate, urea and L-asparagine were tested as sole sources of nitrogen for the growth of Candida albicans, C. pelliculosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. tropicalis, and C. utilis. Ammonium sulphate and L-asparagine supported the growth of all the yeasts tested except D. hansenii while hydroxylamine and hydrazine failed to support the growth of any. Nitrate and nitrite were assimilated only by C. utilis. Nitrate utilization by C. utilis was also accompanied by the enzymatic activities of NAD(P)H: nitrate oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.6.2) and NAD(P)H: nitrite oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.6.4), but not reduced methyl viologen-or FAD-nitrate oxidoreductases (EC 1.7.99.4). It is demonstrated here that nitrate and nitrite reductase activities are responsible for the ability of C. utilis to assimilate primary nitrogen.
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  • 24
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    Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chloroquine ; Yeast ; Proteolysis ; ATP hydrolysis ; Glucose consumption ; Ethanol formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In yeast cells, degradation of cellular proteins was inhibited by addition of chloroquine to the medium as shown by a decrease of the release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity from prelabelled cell protein. Penetration of chloroquine into the cells was strongly enhanced with increasing pH value of the medium. The concentration in the cells reached 5–14 times that in the medium of pH 8.0. Fluorescence microscopy showed that chloroquine was concentrated in the vacuoles of the cells. Chloroquine, at concentrations attained in the cells, inhibited the activities of vacuolar proteinases in vitro. Furthermore, chloroquine caused a rapid and drastic decrease of the ATP content of the cells and prevented the fermentation of glucose and formation of ethanol under aerobic conditions.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Agglutination substance ; Cell-cell recognition ; Glycoprotein ; Mating ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sexual agglutinability ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An a-mating-type-specific substance responsible for sexual agglutination was purified to 397-times in specific activity (units/mg protein) from the cytoplasm of a-mating type cells. The purified substance gave a single band stained with PAS reagent but not with both Coomassie brilliant blue and silver staining reagent by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 8 M urea. However, incorporation of [35S]methionine and Lowry reaction clearly indicate that the substance is a glycoprotein. The substance specifically masked sexual agglutinability of cells of the opposite mating type α, indicating univalent action. The substance is a glycoprotein with a carbohydrate content of 90%, a pI of 4.5, and a molecular weight of 130,000. The substance was inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol and proteolytic enzymes but not by glycolytic enzymes. The substance formed a complementary complex having no biological activity when mixed with α-agglutination substance from the wall or cytoplasm of α-cells in vitro.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; small-tree thinnings ; temperature ; precipitation ; wind ; attraction distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mean catches of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths were not significantly different among four small-tree thinning treatments of young spruce-fir-hemlock regeneration. Significant inverse relationships were found between trap catches and distances to nearby spruce-fir-hemlock overstory. Prevailing wind directions indicated that moths were attracted anemotactically to upwind pheromone sources. No definite trends were detected between catches and temperature or precipitation.
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  • 27
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    The journal of membrane biology 79 (1984), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: epithelial monolayers ; MDCK cells ; occluding junctions ; intramembrane particles ; electrical resistance ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In previous works it was demonstrated that the monolayer of MDCK cells behaves as a leaky epithelium where the electrical resistance across reflects the sealing capacity of the occluding junction. In the present work we study whether this sealing capacity can be modified by temperature and whether this is accompanied by changes in the structure of the occluding junction. Monolayers were prepared on disks of nylon cloth coated with collagen and mounted as a flat sheet between two Lucite chambers. The changes in resistance elicited by temperature were large (306% between 3 and 37°C), fast (less than 2 sec), and reversible. An Arrhenius plot of conductance versus the inverse of temperature shows a broken curve (between 22 and 31°C), and the activation energies calculated (3.2 and 4.0 kcal·mol−1) fall within the expected values for processes of simple diffusion. The morphology of the occuluding the number of evaluated in freeze-fracture replicas by counting the number of strands and the width of the band occupied by the junction every 133 nm. In spite of the change by 306% of the electrical resistance and the phase transition, we were unable to detect any appreciable modification of the morphology of the occluding junction. Since the freeze-fracture replicas also show a density of intramembrane particles (IMP) different in the apical from that in the basolateral regions of the plasma membrane, as well as differences between faceE and faceP, we also investigated whether this is modified by temperature. Cold increases the population of IMP, but does not affect their polarization with the incubation time it takes to elicit changes in electrical resistance.
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  • 28
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    The journal of membrane biology 77 (1984), S. 265-275 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: vesicle fusion ; surface energy ; divalent cations ; osmotic pressure gradient ; temperature ; membrane curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles induced by divalent cations, temperature and osmotic pressure gradients across the membrane was studied with respect to variations in vesicle size. Vesicle fusion was followed by two different methods: 1) the Tb/DPA fusion assay, whereby the fluorescent intensity upon mixing of the internal aqueous contents of fused lipid vesicles was monitored, and 2) measurement of the changes in turbidity of the vesicle suspension due to vesicle fusion. It was found that the threshold concentration of divalent cations necessary to induce vesicle fusion depended on the size of vesicles; as the diameter of the vesicle increased, the threshold value increased and the extent of fusion became less. For the osmotic pressure-induced vesicle fusion, the larger the diameter of vesicles, the smaller was the osmotic pressure gradient required to induce membrane fusion. Divalent cations, temperature increase and vesicle membrane expansion by osmotic pressure gradient all resulted in increase in surface energy (tension) of the membrane. The degree of membrane fusion correlated with the corresponding surface energy changes of vesicle membranes due to the above fusion-inducing agents. The increase in surface energy of 9.5 dyn/cm from the reference state corresponded to the threshold point of phosphatidylserine membrane fusion. An attempt was made to explain the factors influencing fusion phenomena on the basis of a single unifying theory.
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  • 29
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 97 (1984), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ambient atmospheric factors ; temperature ; hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid system ; physiological state
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 30
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    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 455-463 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium ; chrysanthemum ; temperature ; flowering ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The number of days to flowering and the number of flowers per plant were studied at 12, 13, 15 and 17 C night temperature in 79 F1 populations from 15 parents. Only a few F1 plants flowered earlier than their parents; the majority flowered at the same time, later or not at all. The number of flowers of the F1 plants was higher than that of the parents. Genetic analyses showed a broad sense heritability of 70% for days to flowering and flower number and a highly significant GCA effect for days to flowering. The progenies and parents that flowered early at one temperature were generally early at all temperatures.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; temperature ; leaf area ; epidermal cells ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An investigation was carried out into the genotypic variation in the response to temperature of leaf area in tomatoes. Differences between genotypes in the response of the area of a leaf to contrasting temperature regimes were found, and this was due to variation in the number of epidermal cells. The epidermal cell size showed little response to temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the potential for selection for improved leaf area and the development of a rapid screening test for cold tolerance.
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  • 32
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    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 355-362 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; temperature ; leaf area ; leaf initiation ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genotypic variation in the response to temperature of the rate of leaf production is reported. Leaf production was measured as the rate of successive leaves passing a specific length and by dissecting plants to obtain the rate of leaf initiation. These results together with the results of leaf size from the previous paper. are compared to the effect of temperature on the total leaf area. The use of information from these experiments in selecting for increased leaf area at low temperature is discussed.
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  • 33
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 419-424 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Macrocystis ; macronutrients ; temperature ; fertilizing ; canopy
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 34
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    Hydrobiologia 119 (1984), S. 149-160 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: grazing ; Hyalella montezuma ; incident light ; phytoplankton ; seasonal succession ; stable environment ; temperature ; travertine spring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Relatively minor annual amplitudes of change in certain major nutrients, and especially pH and water temperature were measured in the spring-fed system of Montezuma Well, Arizona during a four year study. phytoplankton diversity was low but for the most part, composition was spatially and temporally constant; total seasonal phytoplankton density was significantly correlated with regional incident light. Phytoplankton species composition changed briefly during and for a short period following the summer monsoon. Ultraplankton (〈5 µm diam.) numerically comprised nearly 80% of the phytoplankton community throughout most of the year. The limited residence time of water in the Well may have provided a competitive advantage for cells with high surface area:volume ratios and correspondingly rapid division rates. Nannochloris bacillaris Naum. and Coccomyxa minor Skuja were perennial dominants. Diatom populations did not increase with annual increases in vernal solar radiation. Low pH, high dissolved CO2, and limited residence time for metabolic inhibitors are considered to be largely responsible for the reduced blue-green populations in the Well. The only flagellated photosynthetic group present in Montezuma Well was the Cryptophyta. Desmid populations were minimal, even though pH was consistently below circumneutral (6.5) and free CO2 concentrations high. The role of grazing by an amphipod, Hyalella montezuma, on annual phytoplankton abundance is examined.
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  • 35
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    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 245-254 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: leeches ; Piscicola geometra ; photoperiod ; temperature ; nutrition ; maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The annual cycle of P. geometra breeding activity depends on light, temperature and nutrition. A photoperiod of about 12-12 delays the genital maturation and prevents the incidence of breeding behaviour. A high temperature speeds up the genital maturation and above a threshold ranging from 15 to 17.5 °C it prevents light from acting. Fasting inhibits egg laying because of its immediate action on the clitellar gland activity. It only acts on oogenesis later.
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  • 36
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    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 2 (1984), S. 145-161 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Stratosphere ; remote sensing ; trace gases ; temperature ; Far infrared ; remote sensing ; stratosphere ; Spectroscopy ; stratosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The thermal emission spectrum of the Earth's stratosphere in the far infrared exhibits rotational transitions of a large number of trace constituents in addition to the magnetic dipole lines of molecular oxygen. Stratospheric lines that have been identified in the far infrared spectrum include H2O, O3, HNO3, N2O, CO, HCl, HF, HCN and OH. This paper discusses the potential usefulness of far infrared thermal emission measurements for simultaneous retrieval of temperature and constituent distributions. A description of the high-resolution Michelson interferometer currently employed for balloon-borne far infrared stratospheric studies is given, along with a summary of the mode of limbscan observations and an example of an observed spectrum. Numerical results based on synthetic limb radiance data for model atmospheres are presented. Formal inversion techniques with a radiative transfer model based on line-by-line transmittance calculations are employed. Temperature profiles are retrieved from synthetic spectra by an inversion of the O2 magnetic dipole lines. Vertical trace gas mixing ratio profiles are determined from an analysis of the corresponding spectral emission features. Numerical results based on synthetic limb radiance data are presented in order to assess the retrieval accuracies of the temperature profiles and the vertical mixing ratio profiles of O3, HCl, and OH.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: gangliosides ; phospholipids ; monolayer ; temperature ; calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Gangliosides are neuraminic acid-containing glycolipids preferently localized in nervous membranes and showing physicochemical peculiarities, e.g., drastically changing amphiphilic properties by Ca2+ binding. On account of this they are favorite compounds to act as modulators of membraneous organization and functions during synaptic transmission. Lipid monolayers are suitable experimental systems for the study of the surface behavior of amphipatic molecules and therefore are useful to interpret membraneous organization. 2. The surface pressure/area isotherms of monolayers of different individual gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b) of an artificial reconstituted and a natural ganglioside mixture from bovine brain and of ganglioside mixtures from different brain parts of summer- and winter-adapted dsungarian hamsters were compared at three temperatures (11, 20, and 37°C) with egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) monolayers. The monolayers were formed in a Teflon trough on a triethanolamine/HCl-buffered (pH 7.4) subphase, in some cases containing different amounts of CaCl2. 3. The surface pressure/area isotherms of ganglioside monolayers, in contrast to phospholipids, generally showed slowly rising slopes, with transitions from the liquidexpanded to the liquid-condensed state at a surface pressure of 20–30 mN/m. Ganglioside monolayers, in particular from GD1a or GT1b versus GD1b or from mixtures from summer- versus winter-adapted hamster brain, were differently affected by temperature and/or by Ca2+. PS monolayers were slightly condensed only by Ca2+. PC monolayers, however, were influenced neither by temperature nor by Ca2+. In mixed monolayers of the unpolar natural lipid cholesterol (Ch) and the disialoganglioside GD1a, intermolecular interactions were indicated. 4. Ganglioside monolayers, in contrast to phospholipids, were shown to be easily modulated by temperature and/or Ca2+ ions, thus enabling gangliosides to act as possible membrane modulators, e.g., during synaptic transmission. In particular, the differences concerning the influences of temperature and/or Ca2+ on the surface behavior of ganglioside mixtures from the brain of summer- compared with winteradapted hamsters are correlated with other physiologically relevant data.
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  • 38
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1054-1056 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; temperature ; oxidation ; phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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