ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • pharmacokinetics  (74)
  • Column liquid chromatography
  • kinetics
  • Springer  (85)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • PANGAEA
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (85)
  • 1978  (46)
  • 1977  (39)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (85)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (85)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The disposition kinetics of diazepam in pregnant women at parturition (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; pregnant women ; plasma clearance ; blood/plasma concentration ratio ; placental transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition of diazepam has been studied in pregnant women at parturition. The plasma concentration of diazepam was monitored for at least 3 days in 18 women who received a single intravenous injection of 10 mg during the 10 h-period prior to delivery. Fourteen mothers had uneventful puerperia (Group I) and in 13 of these cases there was a pronounced postnatal increase in the plasma concentration of diazepam. The terminal phase half-life (t1/2) was significantly greater for Group I (mean = 65 h; range = 24–114 h) than for age-matched non-pregnant patients (mean = 29 h; range = 18–44 h from literature). The prolonged t1/2 appeared to be related to changes in the distribution of diazepam and not to a reduction in hepatic elimination since the total plasma clearance (Cltp) in these 14 pregnant patients (mean = 28 ml/min; range = 18–43 ml/min) was not reduced compared to that reported for non-pregnant controls (mean = 30 ml/min; range = 22–45 ml/min). Four mothers underwent postnatal surgery for tubal ligation (Group II) and the plasma concentration-time profiles for this group did not show the same postnatal phenomenon as did the profiles obtained for Group I. The t1/2 for Group II was shorter (mean = 31 h; range = 24–37 h) than for Group I and similar to that for the non-pregnant controls. The Cltp for Group II was greater (mean = 56 ml/min; range = 48–63 ml/min) than for both Group I and non-pregnant controls. These results suggest that delivery alters the disposition of diazepam and is generally associated with a postnatal re-distribution of diazepam into the systemic circulation. The blood/plasma concentration ratio was determined in 9 patients (mean = 0.62; range = 0.54–0.77). There was no difference in the total blood clearance between the pregnant patients of Group I and the non-pregnant controls. In most cases the umbilical venous plasma concentration (Cpuv) of diazepam was greater than the peripheral maternal venous plasma concentration (Cpmv) at delivery. The foetus appears to constitute a slowly equilibrating tissue-group in which diazepam does not reach equilibrium with the maternal systemic circulation for at least 5–10 h at which time the diazepam concentration in maternal and foetal plasma is similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716363
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibrinic acid) after repeated doses of its calcium salt to humans (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid ; clofibrate ; steady-state plasma concentrations ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations and bioavailability of clofibrinic acid have been estimated under conditions approaching the steady-state during a ten-day period of administration as clofibrate or as a calcium clofibrinate-carbonate combination (1:1 w/w) at a dosage interval of 12 h. Formulation — related differences in bioavailability were not significant, and the 95% confidence limits of these differences were within −2% to +8% of the mean for the reference formulation of clofibrate. The mean steadystate plasma concentrations of clofibrinic acid measured on the tenth day of dosing were 116 µg/ml±22 S.D. and 119 µg/ml±23 S.D. after administration of 885 mg as clofibrate and the calcium clofibrinate-carbonate combination respectively. The peaks of mean plasma concentrations were 70 µg/ml±15 S.D., 119 µg/ml±32 S.D. and 131 µg/ml±26 S.D. on the first, fifth and tenth day of dosing with clofibrate, and 62 µg/ml±13 S.D., 127 µg/ml±S.D. and 143 µg/ml±25 S.D. on the corresponding days of dosing with the calcium clofibrinate-carbonate combination. After the last dose on the tenth day of dosing, the mean apparent half-lives of elimination of clofibrinic acid from plasma were 24.2 h±4.4 S.D. and 25.5 h±3.2 S.D. after administration of clofibrate and the calcium clofibrinate-carbonate combination respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606682
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of phenazone in man after hydrocortisone administration (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenazone ; pharmacokinetics ; hydrocortisone ; elimination rate ; distribution volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a high plasma concentration of hydrocortisone on the metabolism of phenazone in humans has been studied. Two series of experiments were carried out, Group A to demonstrate any enzyme-inducing effect of hydrocortisone, and Group B to study the immediate effect of hydrocortisone on the metabolism of phenazone. 9 subjects (Group A) received a total 250–400 mg hydrocortisone i.m. twice daily for three days and the 24-hour elimination of phenazone was studied before and afterwards. In a further 5 subjects (Group B) the elimination of phenazone was examined during administration of hydrocortisone or placebo. The elimination rate and the apparent volume of distribution of phenazone remained unchanged under both experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606685
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and side-effects of clonidine (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clonidine ; plasma level ; pharmacokinetics ; steady state ; urinary excretion ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single oral dose of clonidine 300 µg was administered to 8 healthy, normotensive subjects and the time course of its plasma concentrations was followed for 24 h. The plasma concentration of clonidine rose to a peak of 1.17±0.12 ng/ml at about 2 h: the absorption half-life was 0.6±0.2 h. Elimination followed first order kinetics with a half-life of 7.7±2.0 h. The correlation between the two most common side-effects of clonidine, sedation and dryness of the mouth, with the time course of its plasma concentrations was highly significant, p〈0.01. All the subjects complained of severe sedation. During continuous administration of clonidine (75 µg t.i.d.) for one week a steady state serum level of 0.30–0.35 ng/ml was achieved. One 75 µg tablet of clonidine raised the serum level to about 0.69±0.13 ng/ml in two hours. After cessation of dosing, the serum level declined with a half-life of 7.5±1.5 h. The urinary excretion of unchanged clonidine was found to be about onethird of the administered dose in 24 h during continuous administration and in the first 24 h after the single oral dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609752
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the anilide local anaesthetics in neonates (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Mepivacaine ; pharmacokinetics ; neonates ; healthy adults ; metabolism ; renal excretion ; lignocaine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of mepivacaine has been studied in premature neonates dosed subcutaneously and in healthy adults dosed intravenously. The pharmacokinetics of mepivacaine in four neonates (N) was compared with that in six adults (A). Newborns had a significantly longer terminal phase half-life than adults (N mean 8.69 h; A mean 3.17 h). Total plasma clearance normalized on body weight was significantly smaller in neonates (mean 2.34 ml/min/kg) than in adults (mean 5.47 ml/min/kg), as was the hepatic blood clearance (N mean 1.37 ml/min/kg; A mean 5.10 ml/min/kg). The renal plasma clearance, however, was significantly greater in neonates (mean 0.76 ml/min/kg) than adults (mean 0.20 ml/min/kg). There was an average six-fold increase in the fraction of the dose excreted unchanged in newborns (mean 43.3%) compared to adults (mean 7.1%) with acidified urine (pH 5.5–6.0). There was significantly more of the mono-N-demethylated metabolite of mepivacaine excreted by newborns (mean 11.4%) than by adults (mean 2.2%), but their capacity to carry out aromatic hydroxylation of mepivacaine was negligible. These results for mepivacaine were compared with those previously reported for lignocaine in premature infants. The immaturity of hepatic function appears to have diminished more profoundly the ability of premature infants to metabolize mepivacaine than lignocaine. These findings are discussed in terms of perfusion theory of hepatic drug elimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02089961
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate treatment in children (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Children ; leukemia ; high-dose methotrexate ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of intravenous high-dose methotrexate were studied in two groups of children being treated for malignant diseases, mostly acute lymphatic leukemia. The peak serum level of methotrexate of 2.32·10−5 mol/l was found in children given 500 mg methotrexate/m2 by a 24 h infusion, and another group given 2790 mg/m2 during a 6 h infusion had serum levels as high as 2.16·10−4 mol/l. The decay of serum concentration of methotrexate after completion of the infusion followed a diphasic curve, with an initial serum half-life of 4.8 h, followed by a second half-life of 34.4 h at distribution equilibrium. The apparent volume of distribution was 56.8 litres/m2. Significant levels of methotrexate were found in cerebrospinal fluid, but penetration into cerebrospinal fluid was slow. Urinary excretion of methotrexate was considerable. Four to five days after commencement of the infusion, urinary concentrations of methotrexate still exceeded the serum levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607446
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of drugs to human muscle (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug binding to muscle ; interindividual differences ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Binding of 22 drugs to human muscle tissue has been determined by ultrafiltration. All drugs tested were bound, the bound fraction ranging from 13% (aminophenazone) to 〉98% (desipramine). Both linear and nonlinear binding was observed. For chemically related substances, binding to muscle tissue correlated with plasma binding and lipid solubility. There were significant differences in binding to muscle from different individuals. With respect to pharmacokinetics of drugs, it is suggested that binding to muscle tissue may be at least as important as plasma binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611903
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in anephric patients and in normal subjects (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Furosemide ; pharmacokinetics ; anephric patients ; metabolism ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of furosemide 40 mg i.v. were compared in 7 anephric patients and in 7 normal subjects. The average serum clearance was 66 ml/min in the patients and 219 ml/min in the normal subjects, and the corresponding weight corrected clearances were 1.33 ml/min · kg and 2.96 ml/min · kg. Binding to serum proteins was significantly decreased in the anephric subjects, in whom a significant negative correlation was found between the percentage binding and the volume of distribution VDss. In the patients, but not in the normal subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between $$V_{D_{ss} } $$ and serum clearance. Both in normal and anephric individuals 4-chlor-5-sulphamoylanthranilic-acid (CSA) was found, but there was no evidence of special accumulation either of CSA or anthranilic acid in the anephric patients. In the patients the initial increase in serum concentration of sodium and protein followed by a more conspicuous decrease were more pronounced, but none of the changes were statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606681
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of a microcrystalline theophylline preparation in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Microcrystalline theophylline ; chronic obstructive airways disease ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma theophylline concentrations have been measured in 9 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease following the oral administration of a microcrystalline theophylline preparation. Some measurements of FEV1 were also made. Four patients were given 375 mg as a single dose and then subsequently 375 mg stat and 125 mg 4 times daily for 3 days, (Group I). A further 5 patients took 250 mg as a single dose and then 250 mg 4 times daily for 3 days, (Group II). In both groups, following the single dose and again after the last dose of chronic administration, blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals up to 24 h for plasma drug estimation. During the 3-day course, blood samples were drawn before and 2 h after each morning dose. In Group I patients, substantial plasma theophylline concentrations were seen only after the loading dose. Thereafter, the mean concentrations before or 2 h after the morning doese were always less than 4.0 µg/ml. Trough concentrations were usually below 2.0 µg/ml. In contrast patients in Group II achieved substantially higher plasma theophylline concentrations, with mean peak concentrations always 10 µg/ml or greater, and trough concentrations greater than 5 µg/ml on at least one occasion in every subject. The elimination half-lives after chronic administration in both groups were not significantly different from those obtained after single doses. Mean drug accumulation, measured as AUCss/AUC1, was 0.87±0.07 in Group I and 0.72±0.14 in Group II, indicating that accumulation had not occurred with either regimen. The mean increase in FEV1 2 h after the administration of a single dose was 19.2% after 375 mg and 16.7% after 250 mg. These results indicate that the recommended dosage regimen for microcrystalline theophylline preparation (375 mg stat and 125 mg 4 times daily) produces inadequate plasma theophylline concentrations: 250 mg 4 times daily would appear to be likely to result in satisfactory theophylline levels in more patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606679
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the anilide local anaesthetics in neonates. 11 etidocaine (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Etidocaine ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; neonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urinary elimination of etidocaine and several of its metabolites was investigated in neonates whose mothers had received one or more doses of etidocaine during labour. The urine collection period ranged among the neonates from 21.4 to 47.0 h post-partum. The total amounts of etidocaine and its metabolites recovered in neonatal urine represented a mean of 0.12 per cent of the maternal dose. Some differences in the pattern of urinary metabolites were observed between neonates and adults. Mean half-life of elimination of etidocaine calculated from sigma-minus plots of the neonatal urinary data was 6.42 h. This is greater than that previously reported following intravenous administration of etidocaine to adults (2.6 h). The slower rate of elimination in neonates is probably due to an increased neonatal volume of distribution since there is evidence to show that etidocaine is extensively metabolised by the neonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of bed rest on the pharmacokinetics of phenazone (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 379-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Antipyrine ; pharmacokinetics ; phenzone ; posture ; immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of a single dose of phenazone was studied in six subjects while ambulant and during bed rest for 3 days. Elimination of the drug was followed for 12 h after oral and intravenous administration. The elimination rate constant and total body clearance were significantly increased during bed rest as compared to the ambulant period, but the differences were small. The apparent volume of distribution decreased significantly. No consistent change due to bed rest was found in the rate of absorption or bioavailability of the oral dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644612
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paracetamol (acetaminophen) kinetics in patients with Gilbert's syndrome (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Paracetamol ; acetaminophen ; Gilbert's syndrome ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after intravenous and oral administration has been studied in 6 patients with Gilbert's syndrome, and 6 healthy controls. Paracetamol clearance was significantly less in the patients (255 ml/min SE±23 ml/min) than in the normal subjects (352 ml/min SE±40 ml/min). Moreover, whilst paracetamol concentrations declined monoexponentially in the patients, the decline was biexponential in the controls. No difference in the bioavailability of 500 mg paracetamol given orally was observed between the two groups. The results suggest that not only is paracetamol elimination impaired in Gilbert's syndrome, but that its distribution kinetics are also abnormal. Both these findings could be attributed to a decrease in hepatic glucuronyl transferase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609984
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and efficacy of theophylline in the treatment of apnea in the premature newborn (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; kinetics ; apnea ; premature newborns ; developmental pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) was administered to 27 premature newborns to prevent apneic spells. Of the 22 patients monitored for theophylline concentration, a therapeutic blood level was reached in 19 in 1–2 days, and 3 stayed below it. ‘Toxic’ blood levels (≥20 µg/ml) were reached in 3 cases, one of whom showed signs of toxicity. Theophylline treatment was not efficient in the prevention of apnea when a serious underlying disease was present. Theophylline blood half-life (mean : 27.0 h) and clearance (mean 12.9 ml/h/kg) confirmed the slow elimination pattern of the drug in the premature infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609983
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Output of14CO2 in breath after oral administration of (14C-methyl) aminopyrine in hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic bilharziasis: Its relationship to aminopyrine pharmacokinetics (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Aminopyrine ; pharmacokinetics ; 14CO2 breath test ; hepatic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time-course of aminopyrine in plasma and of14CO2 in breath was determined for 6 hours after oral administration of (14C-methyl) aminopyrine to healthy controls and to patients with hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatic bilharziasis.14CO2 in breath declined about 1.8 times more slowly than aminopyrine plasma levels, which suggests the occurrence of metabolite demethylation. This was confirmed by the slow elimination of14C from plasma, the formation of14CO2 after aminopyrine had disappeared and the presence of a considerable amount of monomethyl-aminopyrine in plasma. The mean14CO2 concentration in breath was correlated with but was not proportional to aminopyrine clearance, which was attributed to individual differences in aminopyrine half-life. Both a correlation and proportionality were found when14CO2 extrapolated to zero time was used as a parameter of14CO2 production. Hepatic disease affected aminopyrine clearance to a variable extent. In the hepatitis and fibrosis group, aminopyrine clearance was affected in 2 out of five subjects. In all except one cirrhotic subject aminopyrine clearance was markedly decreased. Moreover, in three out of seven cases aminopyrine absorption was impaired, presumably due to decreased gastrointestinal blood-flow. This may produce an erroneously low14CO2 concentration in breath during the first two hours after aminopyrine administration. Hepatic bilharziasis was accompanied by very low aminopyrine clearance in all four cases. In two patients high apparent Vd values were observed, probably due to “first-pass” metabolism. Patients with ascites had Vd values within normal limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609987
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim in man (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chemotherapy ; sulfadiazine ; trimethoprim ; pharmacokinetics ; acetylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sulfadiazine (SDZ) 800 mg and trimethoprim (TMP) 160 mg were given orally to 10 normal subjects and the concentration of SDZ and TMP in serum and urine was followed for 24 h. Both drugs showed a significant negative correlation between individual “peak” concentrations in serum and the body weight of the subject. Twelve hours after dosing the serum concentration was 12 to 25 µg/ml for SDZ and 0.3 to 1.1 µg/ml for TMP. Individual concentration ratios between SDZ and TMP in serum were 4.8 (1 h) – 145 (24 h), and in the urine the ratio was close to 6 throughout the 24 h collection period. The range of urinary concentrations was from 65 to 400 µg/ml for SDZ and from 13.8 to 93.4 µg/ml for TMP. The fraction acetylated SDZ/acetylated SDZ + SDZ was 21% during the 0–8 h period, 33% during the 8–15 h period and 41% during the 15–24 period. The average values for the notional volume of distribution, Vd, were 0.36±0.13 1/kg for SDZ and 1.39±0.25 1/kg for TMP. The average “t1/2” was 15.2±7.4 h for SDZ and 7.4±1.9 h for TMP. Individual subjects showed a significant correlation between the serum clearance of TMP and SDZ (p〈0.01) and also between the renal clearance of the two drugs (p〈0.05). The serum clearance was significantly correlated with the renal clearance for TMP but not for SDZ. For SDZ Vd was significantly negatively correlated with the elimination constant; for TMP no such correlation was found. The serum clearance of SDZ was significantly correlated with the percentage of SDZ which was excreted as the (presumably) acetylated compound. The renal clearance of SDZ was independent of the serum concentration of SDZ. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the renal clearance and serum concentration of TMP, as well as for “acetylated SDZ”. The renal clearance of “acetylated SDZ” averaged more than six times that of unconjugated SDZ. With increased urine flow the renal clearances of TMP and SDZ were significantly increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560259
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution, elimination and natriuretic effect of furosemide in patients with severe arterial hypertension (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Furosemide ; arterial hypertension ; protein binding ; sodium excretion ; renal function ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Furosemide 40 mg was injected intravenously in 7 patients with severe hypertension and vascular complications. A two compartment, open model was used to describe the disappearance of the drug from serum. The mean serum clearance (Cls=1.83 ml/min · kg) was significantly reduced compared to the mean Cls-value of a group of normals (2.96 ml/min · kg). A significant correlation was found between Cls and mean blood pressure, as well as between Cls and renal clearance (mean Clr=0.83 ml/min · kg); extrapolation of the regression line yielded a Cls-value of 50 ml/min for Clr=0. The Clr was also significantly negatively correlated with mean blood pressure. Protein binding of furosemide was normal, except in one patient, who had considerable impairment of renal function. Apparently more than 90% of unchanged furosemide passed in urine was excreted by tubular transport. A highly significant negative correlation was found between Cls and the fraction of furosemide excreted as a glucuronide. During the first two hours, significantly less sodium was excreted by the patients than by a comparable group of normal subjects. The correlation between serum concentration of furosemide and the amount excreted of sodium was not significant, but highly significant correlations were found between the amounts of furosemide and sodium excreted by the kidney in 0–30 and 0–60 min. In all the individual patients an approximately linear relationship with wide variation in the slope was found between the cumulative excretion of furosemide and sodium from 0–30 min to 0–60 and to 0–120 min. After 120 min deviations were observed in the curves from 4 of the patients, which indicated that smaller and smaller additional amounts of sodium were excreted with constant additional amounts of furosemide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560456
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ordinary and sustained-release lithium carbonate in manic patients after acute dosage (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lithium ; sustained-release ; pharmacokinetics ; manic patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ordinary and a sustained-release lithium carbonate preparation were administered acutely at equivalent dosage (1.80 g=24.3 mmol) in a crossover fashion to manic patients. Serum lithium levels were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Maximum mean serum levels of 1.13 mmol/l and 0.78 mmol/l were achieved at 6 h and 12 h respectively with the ordinary and sustained-release forms. The mean half-lives of absorption, redistribution and elimination were 0.78 h±0.05 (SE), 5.06 h±0.23, 26.8 h±4.5 and 3.73 h±0.37 (SE), 4.42 h±0.28 and 25.6 h±5.5 for the ordinary and sustained-release forms respectively. In healthy volunteers the ordinary preparation was completely absorbed but only 85% of the sustained-release form was absorbed in the manic subjects. Lithium ion distributed into two kinetic compartments and the final compartment appeared to correspond to total body water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560460
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in man by ferrous sulphate or charcoal (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Doxycycline ; iron ; charcoal ; enteral cycling ; man ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to study the intestinal interactions of doxycycline (DC) with Fe++ and charcoal, two groups of healthy volunteers were given either 200 mg or 100 mg DC in capsules at 2 p. m. and 9 p. m., and blood samples for fluorimetric assay of DC were collected for 24 h starting at 8.30 a. m. on the following morning. A 24-h-urine was also collected. The test was subsequently repeated at one-week intervals, when the volunteers also ingested either ferrous sulphate (80 mg Fe++) or charcoal (4.0 g) immediately after the zero-time sample of DC and at 3, 8 and 12 h. Charcoal completely adsorbed DC in vitro in an artificial small intestinal fluid. Ferrous sulphate or charcoal did not modify the serum level or urinary excretion of DC after the 200 mg+200 mg dose, but ferrous sulphate did reduce the 24-h urinary excretion of DC after the 100 mg+100 mg dose. The serum half-life and AUC of DC were reduced by ferrous sulphate given after the 100 mg+100 mg dose of DC. Charcoal did not modify any parameter, even after the 100 mg+100 mg dose of DC. The results do not support existence of important enteral cycling of DC. Although oral ferrous sulphate can lower the serum level and shorten the serum half-life of DC, the acute experiment suggested that a therapeutic serum level of DC can be maintained despite treatment with iron in the doses used in iron-deficiency, and charcoal in the doses used in diarrhoeic states, if the drugs are administered several hours apart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560462
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary studies of the kinetics of citalopram in man (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Citalopram ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; steady state levels ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of citalopram, a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and its demethylated metabolite have been determined by a specific fluorescence coupling technique during single dose experiments in volunteers and in clinical tests. Citalopram was found to have linear kinetics within the dose range investigated, which were characterized by fairly rapid absorption and slow elimination (biological half-life 1–21/2 days). Steady state levels in the range 120–340 nM (i.e. slightly above those associated with pharmacodynamic activity in animals) were attained within a week. A drug/metabolite ratio of 2–3 was recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560260
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma timolol levels after oral and intravenous administration (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Timolol ; pharmacokinetics ; oral and intravenous dosing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma kinetics of timolol administered orally and intravenously to 5 male subjects were examined. Bioavailability was reduced by 25% when the drug was taken orally. Mean plasma half-life after oral dosing was 4.86 h, and after intravenous administration it was 4.56 h; the difference was not significant. The volume of distribution was 3.5 l/k. It is suggested that timolol is little affected by the ‘first pass effect’, even though there is marked interindividual variation in availability and peak plasma level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716385
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the anilide local anaesthetics in neonates (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lignocaine ; pharmacokinetics ; neonates ; metabolism ; renal excretion ; plasma concentrations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of lignocaine in premature neonates was studied after subcutaneous administration. The collection of serial urine together with a limited number of blood samples from neonates enabled simultaneous computer fitting of data to a pharmacokinetic model. The disposition kinetics of lignocaine in four neonates were compared with similar data reported for adults. Neonates had prolonged t1/2 (neonate mean: 3.16 h; adult mean: 1.80 h), and an increased total volume of distribution (neonate mean: 2.75 l/kg; adult mean: 1.11 l/kg) compared with adults. Total plasma clearance (Cltp) normalised on body weight showed no significant difference between neonates (mean: 0.610 l/h/kg) and adults (mean: 0.550 l/h/kg). The urinary excretion of lignocaine and several of its metabolites was studied in 8 neonates and 11 adults. Neonates were shown to excrete much more unchanged lignocaine (mean: 19.67%) compared with adults (mean: 4.27%) and the proportion of the dose excreted as 4-hydroxyxylidine is considerably reduced in neonates (neonate mean: 8.89%; adult mean: 63.78%). The use of the two pharmacokinetic parameters, t1/2 and Cltp, as indices of drug elimination ability are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609759
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary data on the pharmacokinetics of Glaziovine in man (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glaziovine ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma levels ; urinary excretion ; biliary excretion ; enteral absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of Glaziovine, a pro-aporphine alkaloid with neuropharmacological properties, were investigated in healthy human volunteers. Glaziovine-14C 20 mg was administered in capsules (oral route) and in vials (i.v. route). Total radioactivity was measured in plasma, urine and faeces. When administered orally, peak plasma levels were encountered at 2 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of total radioactivity over a 24 h period was 38% after oral and 50% after i.v. administration. Investigation of metabolites in urine revealed Glaziovine glucuronide as the sole metabolite of the drug. By comparing the percentage of urinary excretion or the area under the plasma level-time curve (AUC) obtained in the first 24 hours after i.v. and oral administration, enteral absorption was found to range from 78 to 84%. Thus, glaziovine appears to show very high enteral absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609986
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of valproic acid in patients with liver disease (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Valproic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; liver disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition of valproic acid (di-n-propylacetate; VA) has been studied after a single oral dose of a solution of 450 mg in 7 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and in 4 patients recovering from acute hepatitis. The diagnosis was based on biochemical function tests and histological findings. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those reported for healthy volunteers. VA in therapeutic concentration (80 µg/ml) in plasma was less bound to plasma proteins in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (70.7±11.3%) and in patients recovering from acute hepatitis (78.1±14.1%) than in controls (88.7±5.2%). The reduced binding affected the blood/plasma concentration ratio and the apparent distribution volume Vd(β); the latter was increased from the normal value of 0.14±0.05 l/kg to 0.22±0.09 (p〈0.05) in alcoholic cirrhotics, and to 0.20±0.07 (p=0.056) in patients recovering from acute hepatitis. The half-life of elimination T1/2 (β) (controls=12.2±3.7 h) was significantly (p〈0.05) prolonged in cirrhotics (18.9±5.1 h) and in patients recovering from acute hepatitis (17.0±3.7 h). The plasma $$\overline {Cl} $$ of total drug was not impaired, which can best be explained by the lower plasma protein binding, which might have increased the $$\overline {Cl} $$ of this drug which shows restricted clearance. In addition, the plasma $$\overline {Cl} $$ of free drug was significantly (p〈0.02) reduced in alcoholic cirrhotics. During a two day urine collection no measurable amount of unchanged VA was recovered. There was considerable excretion of VA-conjugates, which could be hydrolyzed either by HCl or by β-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase (4–23% of the dose). These percentages were in the same range as in normals (26.7±16.1%). The study indicates that elimination of VA is slightly impaired in patients with dysfunction of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606683
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of oral and intramuscular chlordiazepoxide (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; benzodiazepines ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; intramuscular injection ; alcohol withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of oral and intramuscular (i. m.) chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (CDX · HCl) was compared in two pharmacokinetic studies. In Study One, single 50-mg doses of CDX · HCl were administered orally and by i. m. injection to 14 healthy volunteers using a crossover design. Whole-blood concentrations of chlordiazepoxide (CDX) and its first active metabolite, desmethylchlordiazepoxide (DMCDX), were determined in multiple samples drawn after the dose. Mean pharmacokinetic variables for CDX following oral and i. m. administration, respectively, were: highest measured blood concentration, 1.65 vs 0.87 µg/ml (p〈0.001); time of highest concentration, 2.3 vs 7.6 h after dosing (p〈0.001); apparent absorption half-life, 0.71 vs 3.39 h (p〈0.001). Biphasic absorption after i. m. injection, consistent with precipitation at the injection site, was observed in 9 of 14 subjects. Based upon comparison with previous intravenous data, the completeness of absorption was 100% for oral vs 86% for i. m. CDX · HCl (p〈0.1). In Study Two, 28 male chronic alcoholics with clinical manifestations of the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: 50 or 100 mg doses of CDX · HCl, by mouth or by i. m. injection. Concentrations of CDX and DMCDX, determined in plasma samples drawn every 20 min for 5 h following the dose, were significantly higher after oral administration of a given dose than at corresponding points in time after i.m. injection after the same dose. Thus absorption of oral CDX is reasonably rapid and complete, whereas the absorption rate of i. m. CDX is slow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716362
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for retrospective estimation of serum levels of phenylbutazone: Application to two cases of digestive tract hemorrhage (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenylbutazone ; pharmacokinetics ; model ; retrospective analysis ; digestive-tract hemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phenylbutazone treatment can cause digestive-tract hemorrhages, but its concentration in the blood at the time of hemorrhage is generally not known. In two patients who had had digestive tract hemorrhages, the variation in the serum phenylbutazone concentration throughout treatment and just before hemorrhage was simulated by a two-compartment model based on assays (gas-liquid chromatography) made after the hemorrhage. Identification of the parameters of the model and simulation of changes in concentration during therapy suggested that the phenylbutazone level in serum at the time of hemorrhage was 101 and 125 µg/ml respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566323
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of hydroflumethiazide in health and in cardiac failure (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydroflumethiazide ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiac failure ; renal drug excretion ; metabolism ; 2,4-disulfamyl-5-trifluoro-methylaniline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) were investigated after single oral doses of 6 µmoles/ per kg body weight in five healthy subjects and in nine patients with moderate cardiac failure. HFT was excreted in urine together with 2,4-disulfamyl-5-trifluoromethylaniline (DTA), which was also present in the blood after administration of HFT. HFT and DTA were determined by TLC and spectrofluorodensitometry. Mean cumulative urinary excretion of HFT was 46.5 and 47.5 per cent of the dose both in healthy subjects and in patients. Distribution half-life (t1/2α) was about 2 h in both groups of subjects, while biological half-life (t1/2β) ranged from 12.4 to 26.9 h (mean 16.6) in healthy subjects, and from 6.3 to 13.7 h (mean 9.6) in patients. Mean renal clearance was 0.33 and 0.211 · h−1 · kg−1 in normal subjects and patients, respectively, and was almost equal to the total body clearance. HFT had a large apparent volume of distribution (Vβ), with mean values of 6.4 and 3.11 · kg−1 in normal subjects and patients. Mean cumulative urinary excretion of DTA was 1.8 and 1.9 per cent in healthy subjects and patients with cardiac failure. The apparent half-life of DTA, determined from urinary excretion rate in eleven subjects, ranged from 16 to 56 h but half-lives in three others were more than 100 h. The results indicate that HFT is partly metabolized in the body to DTA, and DTA and HFT are excreted in urine. The half-life of DTA was longer than that of the parent drug. The apparent volume of distribution, clearance and biological half-life of HFT were lower in patients with cardiac failure than in healthy subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560255
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in gestosis of pregnancy (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Furosemide ; gestosis of pregnancy ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Furosemide 50 mg was administered orally and intravenously to twelve gestotic women for brief periods as a part of a randomized, multicentre clinical trial comparing the efficacy of bed rest and pharmacological treatment. The pharmacokinetic profile was investigated using a gas-liquid chromatographic technique. The plasma half-life after oral and intravenous administration was 115±37.1 and 71.8±26.3 min and plasma clearance was 153±48 and 152±23 ml/min, respectively (mean±SD). Comparative data from healthy pregnant women cannot be obtained for ethical reasons. The results show that gestosis has only a marginal if any effect on the kinetics of furosemide in comparison with published kinetic parameters in healthy volunteers and patients with renal failure. The new-born babies where checked for side effects according to a protocol in use in a larger regional surveillance programme. No clinical side-effects were attributable to furosemide, but the small size of the group does not permit any definitive conclusions about this aspect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611907
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacology in normal volunteers of praziquantel, a new drug against schistosomes and cestodes (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 281-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phase I clinical trial ; complex protocol ; tolerance ; pharmacokinetics ; praziquantel ; anthelmintic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tolerance of Praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino-[2, 1-a]isoquinoline-4-one) in oral doses of 1×20 mg/kg, 1×50 mg/kg, 3×10 mg/kg and 3×25 mg/kg body weight (τ=4 h) was tested in a complex study involving 36 healthy volunteers. In addition to the usual assessment of clinical chemistry, haematology, coagulation physiology, urinalysis, clinico-physiological examination including EEG, and medical examination, clinico-psychological parameters were also recorded and special neurological investigations were performed. No clinically relevant changes were found in any of the laboratory parameters, nor in the medical-neurological or clinico-physiological examinations. Based on a few clinicopsychological parameters and subjective comments, the largest daily dose tested (3×25 mg/kg=75 mg/kg) produced a slight, transient disturbance in general well-being, which was barely detectable on objective clinical examination. The pharmacokinetic behaviour was dominated by rapid metabolism and pronounced first-pass metabolism of praziquantel, which greatly limits the value of results obtained by GC analysis of unchanged drug in serum. The peak concentration in serum was reached after 1– h, and the elimination half-life for the period 2–8 h was 1–1.5 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560463
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of norethindrone in human subjects (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Norethindrone ; bioavailability ; man ; competitive protein binding ; sex differences ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A competitive protein binding assay for norethindrone was developed to measure plasma levels in human subjects. The plasma levels were considerably higher in women than in men, especially at low dose levels. The plasma levels were directly related to the dose in men; but greater variations in the plasma levels were observed in women. The plasma half-life was about 5 h in both sexes with single oral doses of 5 to 20 mg. A comparative bioavailability study with norethindrone from 2 different manufacturers, formulated in the same manner, showed no significant differences in absorption characteristics and provided sufficient data for pharmacokinetic analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606680
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of bendroflumethiazide in hypertensive patients (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Bendroflumethiazide ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension ; renal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After four weeks on placebo treatment, 8 hypertensive patients (WHO stage I) were treated for 2 weeks with bendroflumethiazide (bft) 2.5 mg and KCl 1.5 g daily. Subsequently they received bft 5 mg and KCl 1.5 g daily for a further fortnight. At the end of each period of treatment blood pressure was recorded and blood samples and urine were collected for analysis of bft by GLC. Before taking the daily dose of bft, no trace of the drug was found in plasma. Peak levels of bft were seen after 2.3 h and averaged 23 and 50 ng · ml−1 after 2.5 and 5 mg, respectively. After bft 2.5 mg the plasma level was too low for kinetic analysis. The plasma half-life after 5 mg averaged 4.1 h. The mean apparent volume of distribution was 1.18 l · kg−1. Non-renal clearance averaged 200 ml · min−1. The renal clearance of bft was significantly lower (p〈0.05) after 5 mg (48 ml · min−1) than after 2.5 mg bft (93 ml · min−1), although the creatinine clearance remained unchanged. No correlation was found between the plasma level of bft and its effect on blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609755
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile in patients with normal or impaired renal function (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cephacetrile ; pharmacokinetics ; renal Impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile, administered as a single i. v. injection of 15 mg/kg, have been determined in 8 patients with normal renal function and in 12 patients with a varying degree of renal impairment. A two-compartment model was used to describe the biphasic decline in serum concentrations and to calculate the amount of antibiotic in the central and peripheral compartments. In patients with normal renal function the following values were obtained for various pharmacokinetic parameters: α=3.971 h−1; β=0.343 h−1; K12=1.745 h−1; K21=0.763 h−1; Kel=1.793 h−1; Vc=8.181; Vp=18.401 and Vdss=26.581. Cephacetrile had some of the highest apparent distribution volumes of all the cephalosporins. Impaired renal function significantly affected α, β, K12, and Kel. A linear relationship between Kel of cephacetrile and creatinine clearance was demonstrated. The elimination of cephacetrile in anuric patients was about ten times slower than in patients with normal renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566324
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of drug metabolism in man measured by14CO2-breath analysis (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Breath analysis ; 14CO2 exhalation ; drug metabolism ; glycodiazine ; liquid chromatography ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exhalation of14CO2 in breath has been used to assess the rate of hepatic demethylation of (14C-dimethyl)aminopyrine, but due to the complexity of aminopyrine metabolism the pharmacokinetics of the procedure are insufficiently understood. Therefore, studies were performed in five individuals after oral administration of (14C-methoxy)glycodiazine, a model substance with relatively simple kinetic properties. Plasma concentrations of the drug and urinary output of its metabolites measured by high pressure liquid chromatography were analysed by a two-compartment open model. The terminal disappearance of14CO2 from breath was practically identical with the terminal disappearance of glycodiazine from plasma, which could be correlated with the plasma clearance of free glycodiazine. The mean transit time of14C-atoms from plasma to breath was 3 h. These results contribute to the pharmacokinetic basis for use of14C-demethylation breath tests. In particular, they are consistent with the hypothesis that14CO2-breath analysis may be used to assess certain pharmacokinetic parameters of appropriately labelled test compounds. These parameters may not necessarily be a direct reflection of the rate of demethylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560464
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked polypeptides in patients with normal or impaired renal function (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 405-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Colloidal plasma substitutes ; cross-linked polypeptides ; Haemaccel® ; pharmacokinetics ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Infusions of 3.5% isocyanate cross-linked polypeptide solution 500 ml were given to 52 patients with normal or impaired renal function: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)=0–133 ml/min. The serum concentration and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline were measured and the equivalent polypeptide concentrations were calculated from the results. In patients with normal renal function (GFR〉90 ml/min) the proportion of polypeptide excreted in the urine up to 12 h was 45.4±2.6% ( $$\bar X$$ ±SEM), up to 24 h 47.7±2.9% and up to 48 h 49.3±3.4%. In patients with moderate renal insufficiency (GFR=30–90 ml/min) there was no decrease in polypeptide excretion and even in patients with more serious impairment of GFR (11–30 ml/min) 48-h urinary polypeptide excretion was still 40.6±5.9%. In patients with GFR of 2–10 ml/min polypeptide excretion fell to 10.7±3.2% during the first 12 h, although there was an increase in later collection periods as compared to patients with normal renal function −19.9±3.9% in 24 h and 27.0±3.5% in 48 h. The elimination half-life (t1/2) calculated from serum concentrations was 505±30 min ( $$\bar X$$ ±SEM) in patients with normal renal function (GFR〉90 ml/min). Only when the GFR fell below 30 ml/min did it slowly begin to increase. In patients with minimal residual renal function (GFR=0–0.5 ml/min), who were on haemodialysis, the elimination half-life was 985±49 min, i.e. approximately twice the normal. Twice weekly infusion of 3.5% polypeptide solution 500 ml over a period of 6 weeks did not produce any significant cumulation in haemodialysis patients (GFR=0–0.5 ml/min). A weekly dose of polypeptide 35 g appeared to be quite safe when given for several weeks, even to anuric patients. As no significant amount of polypeptide was lost during haemodialysis, the dose can be chosen without taking into account any effect of intermittent haemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716381
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature oxidation kinetics of Cu-Si alloys containing up to 4.75 wt.% Si in $$p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ =0.01 atm and pure CO2 (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Cu-Si alloys ; oxidation ; kinetics ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of Cu-Si alloys (containing up to 4.75 wt. % Si) in $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ =0.01 atm from 800 to 1000°C has been investigated using thermogravimetry and other techniques. A 0.04% Si alloy followed a parabolic oxidation law with a rate similar to that of pure Cu. As the Si concentration increased the rate decreased and became irregular owing to SiO2 particles or flakes at the alloy-scale interface. It is considered that sintering of SiO2 particles and rupture of the sinter because of contraction during sintering are responsible for the irregular kinetics. A SiO2 layer forms directly on the 4.75% Si alloy which oxidizes uniformly. The SiO2 was always amorphous. In pure CO2 a similar pattern of amorphous SiO2 particles, flakes, and layers occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603576
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of an Fe—19 wt. % Ni alloy in CO2 at 700–1000°C (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-Ni alloys ; kinetics ; scale morphology ; EPMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of an Fe—19.34 wt. % Ni alloy in dry CO2 has been studied at 700—1000°C using thermogravimetry, metallography, and EPMA. Weight gains for oxygen consumption followed a linear-parabolic-linear sequence at all temperatures. During the initial linear stage the scale consisted mainly of magnetite and the activation energy of 133±25 kJ · mole−1 is considered to be due to dissociation of CO2 into CO and adsorbed oxygen on the outer magnetite surface. During the parabolic oxidation stage a continuous Ni-rich layer containing ∼ 70% Ni forms a barrier to the diffusion which has an activation energy of 192±79 kJ · mole−1. The breakdown of the barrier layer causes a return to linear kinetics with an activation energy of 138±42 kJ · mole−1 for dissociation of CO2 on the outer surface. During the final linear stage there is pronounced general and intergranular subscale formation. Detailed information is presented of the Ni redistribution and concentrations during oxidation and its correlation with the kinetics and morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616097
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Fe-C alloys at 500°C (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-C ; kinetics ; oxide grain size ; grain-boundary diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fe-C alloys containing 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% C were oxidized in 1 atm O2 at 500°C. Two specimen preparations were used: annealed followed by slow cooling to form coarse pearlite plus proeutectoid ferrite or cementite; and cold-worked by abrading after annealing. The cold-worked alloys oxidize more rapidly. Annealed pearlite oxidizes faster than annealed ferrite. The differences in oxidation rate are caused by differences in the Fe3O4 grain size, that is, by the number of oxide grain boundaries available to act as easy diffusion paths for the outward diffusion of Fe through the Fe3O4. The oxidation rate constant is 10 times larger for fine-grained poly crystalline oxide than for oxide in which the Fe3O4 is monocrystalline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609975
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic interpretation of the enterohepatic recirculation and first-pass elimination of morphine in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 505-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: morphine ; first-pass elimination ; pharmacokinetics ; enterohepatic recirculation ; availability ; routes of administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Morphine was administered to rats by oral, intraportal, and intravenous routes in a dose of 7.6 mg · kg −1.From the serum concentration data after intraportal administration it was calculated that the first-pass elimination of morphine in the liver amounts to 72±2% (sd). The first-pass fraction eliminated after oral administration was 85±7% (sd), thus yielding a contribution by the gut mucosa of 46% to the overall first-pass elimination after an oral dose. The results were obtained with a general compartmental model which included the kinetics of enterohepatic recirculation. The oral availability was also estimated with the aid of pharmacological effect data. This availability was in good agreement with the corresponding value determined from the serum concentration data. The results suggest that morphine is subjected to enterohepatic recirculation and that the slowest phase of decline of morphine concentrations in serum might be due to this physiological process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear systems analysis in pharmacokinetics (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 265-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; linear systems analysis ; in vivo dissolution rates ; absorption rates ; metabolic rates ; bioavailability ; numerical desconvolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The application of certain aspects of linear systems analysis to pharmacokinetic-problems is described. Topics covered include the evaluation of in vivodissolution rates, absorption rates, and metabolic rates, and the use of pharmacological data. Relevant numerical procedures are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01312266
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic analysis of percutaneous absorption; evidence of parallel penetration pathways for methotrexate (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 315-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: percutaneous penetration ; methotrexate ; compartmental models ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Compartmental models were developed to describe the penetration of a drug from a topically applied vehicle through the skin. Data for in vitro penetration of methotrexate through hairless mouse skin from vehicles varying in PH from 3.5 to 6.5 were computer- fitted to estimate model parameters. Comparison of lag time and the exponential coefficient suggested that parallel penetration pathways exist. The fraction of drug penetrating through the shunt pathway increased as vehicle pH and ionization increased. Penetration curves were quantitatively partitioned into bulk tissue and shunt contributions. At pH 6.5, flux through the shunt pathway predominated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060095
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical prediction of drug distributionin vivo: Studies with doxantrazole in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 521-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: compartmental analysis ; doxantrazole ; drug distribution ; mathematical prediction ; pharmacokinetics ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A pharmacokinetic model incorporating 14 compartments and 29 transfer coefficients has been developed from experimental data obtained after intravenous administration of a single dose to describe the distribution of doxantrazole in the rat. The distribution calculated from the model agreed closely with that determined experimentally. In addition, the model was able to predict with considerable accuracy the distribution of doxantrazole after repeated dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorpromazine metabolism. IX. Pharmacokinetics of chlorpromazine following oral administration in man (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: Chlorpromazine ; pharmacokinetics ; oral absorption ; single dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A single oral dose (120 mg/m2) of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride was administered to four healthy subjects and the blood levels of Chlorpromazine were determined with time. Appropriate equations describing the two-compartment open model with zero-order absorption and the two-compartment model with first-order absorption, both with a lag time, were fitted to the observed data using weighted nonlinear least-squares regression analysis. Fitting the two-compartment model with zero-order absorption and a lag time to the observed data resulted in a significant reduction of the weighted sum of squared deviations, i.e., better correlation between the observed and calculated data, and a closer random scatter of the observed concentration data around the calculated curve with no apparent systematic deviations from the curve. These results suggest that Chlorpromazine absorption is zero order. Chlorpromazine began to appear in the systemic circulation after a mean lag time of 0.4 hr and continued to be absorbed for approximately 2.9 hr. The mean half-lives of the distribution and elimination phases were 1.63 and 17.7 hr, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01312261
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probenecid inhibition of methotrexate excretion from cerebrospinal fluid in dogs (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: probenecid ; methotrexate ; cerebrospinal fluid ; kinetics ; interaction ; dogs ; choroid plexus ; intrathecal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Probenecid is known to inhibit the renal excretion of methotrexate (MTX) and the transport of organic anions by the choroid plexus of the brain. The effect of probenecid on the CSF clearance of MTX given by the intrathecal route was examined in anesthetized dogs. Plasma and CSF MTX levels were measured following intrathecal injection of 0.4 mg/kg MTX, with and without pretreatment with probenecid. In the absence of probenecid, the peak plasma MTX concentration of 3.18×10−7±1.09×10−7 M (mean±SD) was reached 5 hr after intrathecal injection. With probenecid pretreatment, the mean peak plasma MTX concentration was lower (2.09×10−7+-0.98×10−7 M) and plasma disappearance was prolonged. A biexponential decay of CSF MTX levels was observed over the duration of sampling. The half-life of the second exponential phase was 21 hr without probenecid pretreatment and was longer after probenecid pretreatment. These results provide strong evidence that probenecid inhibits transfer of MTX from CSF to plasma following intrathecal injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062721
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical moments in pharmacokinetics (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 547-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: statistical moments ; network theory ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; deconvolution ; plasma concentration-time curve ; urinary excretion rate-time curve ; compartment models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Statistical moments are parameters that describe the characteristics of the time courses of plasma concentration (area, mean residence time, and variance of residence time) and of the urinary excretion rate that follow administration of a single dose of a drug. The relationship between the moments of a time-course curve and pharmacokinetic profiles of drug disposition, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, is described. The moments are related to the extent and rate of bioavailability, and it is shown that they can be effectively applied to the deconvolution operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical evaluation of the potential error in pharmacokinetic studies of using the linear trapezoidal rule method for the calculation of the area under the plasma level-time curve (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 539-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: trapezoidal rule ; area under the curve ; pharmacokinetics ; clearance ; bioavailability ; integration method ; sulfisoxazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The linear trapezoidal rule method is commonly used for the estimation of the area under the plasma level-time curve. Error analyses are performed when the method is used in first-order absorption and first-order elimination kinetics in the one-compartment system. It is found that significant underestimations and overestimations in area during the absorption phase and postabsorption phase, respectively, can occur when the method is improperly used. During the exponential postabsorption phase the relative error is only a function of the ratio (n)of the time interval over the half-life of the two plasma data points in the interval. The error from the linear trapezoidal rule method at n=0.5 is about 1%. The error increases to 15.5% and 57.1 % when nis increased to 2 and 4, respectively. It is recommended that for most absorption studies the linear trapezoidal method be used for prepeak and plateau plasma data and the logarithmic trapezoidal method for postpeak plasma data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of oral tetracycline in patients with Billroth-II gastrectomy (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: tetracycline ; antibiotics ; Billroth-II gastrectomy ; gastrectomy ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bioavailability of a single 250-mg oral dose of tetracycline hydroghloride was studied in seven patients following Billroth-II gastrectomy in comparison with seven control subjects matched for age and body weight. There were no significant differences between control subjects and gastrectomized patients in the apparent lag time prior to the start of absorption (23.6 vs. 22.8 min), peak serum tetracycline concentration (1.72 vs. 1.75 μg/ml), the time of attainment of peak concentrations (3.35 vs. 3.42 hr), the apparent first-order absorption half-life (1.8 vs. 1.4hr), or the apparent first-order elimination half-life (8.0 vs. 8.7hr). Completeness of tetracycline absorption, as judged by area under the 24-hr serum concentration curve, did not differ significantly between the two groups, nor did 24-hr urinary excretion of tetracycline. Thus the abnormalities of gastrointestinal structure and function produced by Billroth -II gastrectomy do not result in impairment of the rate and completeness of tetracycline absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060093
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition kinetics in dogs of diethyldithiocarbamate, a metabolite of disulfiram (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 369-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; dog ; diethyldithiocarbamate metabolite of disulfiram ; presence of methyl ester ; kinetic evaluation of prior studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Following the intravenous infusion of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate to dogs, the disposition kinetics of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a metabolite of disulfiram, were assessed. Approximately 27% of the administered dose was S-methylated, this process exhibiting a mean first-order rate constant of 0. 0569 min−1 (t1/2=12.2 min), while the remainder was eliminated by other routes having a rate constant of 0.148 min−1 (t1/2=4.68 min). The methyl diethyldithiocarbamate (MeDDC) formed from DDC showed an elimination rate constant of 0.0141 min−1 (t1/2=49.2 min). These observations are discussed in the light of previous investigations where the presence of MeDDC has rarely been sought or reported. A few comparisons with prior studies, in which DDC or disulfiram was administered, are made by retrospective kinetic evaluation of published data. The results are discussed in relation to the duration of action of disulfiram in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062720
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of aqueous solvent structure on the mutarotation kinetics of glucose (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 6 (1977), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Glucose ; kinetics ; mixed solvent ; kinetic isotope effect ; enthalpy of activation ; entropy of activation ; tetrahydrofuran ; tert-butanol ; mutarotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mutarotation rates of glucose in aqueous mixtures of tetrahydrofuran andtert-butanol in the mole fraction (xi) range 0〈xi〈0.2 have been measured at 5° intervals in the range 5–35°C. The kinetic deuterium isotope effects have been determined for the same solvent compositions at 25 and 35°C. A statistical analysis of the Arrhenius plots indicates that the experimental errors, although small, are too large for the establishment of any compensation behavior between ΔH
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646739
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma level of chlormethiazole and two metabolites after oral administration to young and aged human subjects (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlormethiazole ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolites ; oral administration ; young and elderly human subjects ; quantitative gas chromatographymass spectrometry ; whole blood distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentration of chlormethiazole and two of its metabolites has been measured in three young and three aged human subjects following administration of a single oral dose of chlormethiazole. A sensitive analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using the selective ion monitoring mode of operation was developed to permit quantitation of the plasma levels. The time course of the plasma concentration of chlormethiazole and metabolites showed wide inter-subject variation, particularly between the young and elderly subjects. Absorption of chlormethiazole was rapid in the subjects of both groups as assessed by the time taken to reach the peak plasma concentration. The mean peak plasma level of chlormethiazole was more than five times greater in the elderly (2.90±1.56 µg/ml) than in the young (0.55±0.58 µg/ml) subjects. The plasma level of chlormethiazole was consistently higher in the aged subjects and this was reflected by the larger area under the plasma curve in aged (7.62±5.37 µg.h/ml) than in young (0.94±0.66 µg.h/ml) individuals. Decreased pre-systemic elimination by the liver has been suggested as an important factor contributing to the higher plasma level in the elderly. Estimates of absolute systemic availability, calculated by reference to previous intravenous studies, were greater for the elderly subjects. The distribution of chlormethiazole in whole blood from six young and six elderly human subjects was investigated in vitro. The unbound fraction of chlormethiazole in plasma increased significantly from 0.308±0.035 in young subjects to 0.403±0.067 in the elderly. Distribution of the drug in whole blood was different for the two age groups; the fraction of drug distributed to plasma water was significantly greater and the fraction in blood cells was significantly less in the aged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645135
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tolamolol in the treatment of hypertension (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tolamolol ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; mean steady-state concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tolamolol was administered in a “double-blind” study to fifteen hypertensive patients by dose-titration against arterial blood pressure. Mean steady-state plasma tolamolol concentrations (Css) were determined for each patient from the area under the plasma concentration — time curve during a dosage interval whilst patients were receiving optimal tolamolol doses. No significant correlation was observed between daily tolamolol dose and Css; the relationship between fall in lying mean arterial pressure and Css also failed to reach conventional levels of statistical significance, but Css was observed to be correlated with the fall in standing pressure. The results suggest that plasma concentrations in excess of 200 ng/ml may be required to achieve an effective hypotensive response with the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609855
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of furosemide and BAY g 2821 and correlation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of BAY g 2821 (muzolimine) (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Muzolimine ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; furosemide ; saluresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a biometrically planned, double-blind study on 12 Oedema-free male patients the saluretic effect of muzolimine 30 mg was compared with furosemide 40 mg. The plasma level of muzolimine was determined and correlated with its pharmacodynamics. In terms of excretion during the 12-hour observation period muzolimine 30 mg had as great a cumulative effect as furosemide 40 mg. There was a significant difference in the time-response curve. During the first two hours furosemide 40 mg had more saluretic effect than muzolimine 30 mg. Between two and four hours there was no significant difference between the two substances. Between four and six hours, however, muzolimine was somewhat more effective than furosemide, although the difference did not reach the level of significance. After 6 h there was no longer any difference between the two compounds. The half-life of the fall in concentration of muzolimine in plasma was 3.7 up to 10 h after its administration. The time-response curve of the increased urine excretion correlated well with the time course of the concentration of muzolimine in plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562448
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of valproic acid in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Valproic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; saliva concentration ; urinary excretion ; serum protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) have been studied in 6 healthy subjects following a single 600 mg dose, and after multiple doses over 12 days (1200 mg daily) of enteric-coated sodium valproate. A time lag before absorption of 1 to 2 h was observed in each subject, and then absorption was rapid, peak concentrations being recorded 3 to 4 h after administration of the dose. The plasma level decline was biphasic with a terminal half-life of 15.9±2.6 h in the single dose and 17.3±3.0 h in the multiple dose experiments. There was no evidence of dose dependent kinetics or autoinduction. Total plasma clearance was 0.0064±0.0011 l/kg×h. The apparent volume of distribution was small at 0.15±0.2 l/kg. The mean steady state plasma concentration (Css) reached after 4 days was 81.3±13.0 µg/ml. Css observed was lower than Css predicted (99.2±14.7 µg/ml) from single dose kinetics (p〈0.001). The difference was probably due to a reduction in plasma protein binding at higher concentrations. VPA concentration in saliva was between 0.4 and 4.5% of the total plasma concentration and was not equal to the concentration of unbound drug in plasma (6.7±0.8% unbound). 3.2% of the dose was excreted in urine as the parent drug and 21.2% as conjugated metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645133
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exercise on the serum level and urinary excretion of tetracycline, doxycycline and sulphamethizole (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sulphamethizole ; tetracycline ; doxycycline ; rest ; exercise ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serum level and urinary excretion of sulphamethizole, tetracycline and doxycycline were studied in healthy volunteers subjected to intensive exercise and bed rest in a cross-over trial. Each group consisted of 7–8 subjects. The exercise or bed rest began 15 min before oral administration of the drug and was continued for the following 4 hours. During exercise serum drug concentration and the area under the serum concentration-time curve for each agent was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than the corresponding values at rest. Exercise greatly suppressed the renal excretion of tetracycline and doxycycline, but the decrease alone appeared insufficient to account for the pronounced increase in serum drug concentration. Total drug excretion in urine was unchanged. Thus, it seemed most unlikely that overall absorption from the gastrointestinal tract had been altered by exercise. However, the rate of absorption appeared to be more rapid in the exercise than in the rest period. Marked haemoconcentration was not produced by the exercise. In addition to changes in absorption and elimination rates, alteration in the volume of distribution might contribute to the higher serum drug concentration during exercise. Therefore, the level of physical activity should be considered in the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data both in clinical practice and in pharmacokinetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562453
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorometric determination of hydroflumethiazide in human plasma and urine after its oral administration (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydroflumethiazide ; spectrofluorometry ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma half life ; renal excretion ; renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A spectrofluorometric method for determination of hydroflumethiazide in human plasma and urine has been developed. The limit of detection was 10 ng/ml plasma and 100 ng/ml urine. The plasma concentration of hydroflumethiazide was determined for 9–11 hours and excretion in urine for 24–37 hrs after oral administration of about 1 mg/kg body weight to 7 subjects. Plasma half life in healthy subjects was 1.9–2.1 h, and 2.7–8.6 h in patients during the period 4–9 hrs after dosing. Cumulative excretion in urine was 67–79% of the dose during 31–37 hrs in 6 subjects; one patient with renal disease was found to excrete only 25.8% of dose during 24 hours. Renal clearance of hydroflumethiazide was higher in the healthy subjects (0.29–0.44 1 h−1 kg−1) than in the patients (0.040–0.15 l h−1 kg−1). Plasma half life of hydroflumethiazide was not closely correlated with renal clearance of the drug, which suggests that other factors may play a role in determining plasma half life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562907
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of nitrazepam across the human placenta (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nitrazepam ; placental transfer ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma levels ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six women from 14 to 17 weeks pregnant, and 12 woman from 36 to 40 weeks pregnant, were given nitrazepam 5 mg orally about 12 h before legal abortion by hysterotomy in the former group and elective caesarean section in the latter group. The concentration of nitrazepam was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Binding to plasma proteins was evaluated by separation of the protein-free fraction by ultracentrifugation. In the first group (early pregnancy) the level of nitrazepam was found to be lower in the fetal than in the maternal circulation. The concentration in amniotic fluid was still lower. In the latter group (late pregnancy) the concentration both of unbound and total nitrazepam in maternal and fetal plasma were in equilibrium, which indicated an increase in transplacental transfer in late pregnancy. The percentage of unbound nitrazepam in both cases was 12%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562451
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of temazepam administered in soft gelatin capsules (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; temazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; hard and soft gelatine capsules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of temazepam were determined in healthy subjects after single oral administration of soft and hard gelatin capsules, and after 7 consecutive night-time doses in soft capsules. Absorption from soft gelatin capsules was significantly faster and produced earlier and higher peak plasma levels. The two pharmaceutical forms did not show any significant difference in relative availability. The apparent half-life of temazepam after night-time administration was significantly shorter than after morning administration, but no change in half-life was observed between the first and seventh night-time doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562455
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overall pharmacokinetics during prolonged treatment of healthy volunteers with digoxin andβ-methyldigoxin (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 387-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; β-methyldigoxin ; prolonged administration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five healthy volunteers received digoxin 0.4 mg or β-methyldigoxin 0.4 mg i. v., daily for 14 days, in a randomized cross-over arrangement. By monitoring minimal plasma concentrations during multiple dosing, it was found that the steady state pharmacokinetics of digoxin and β-methyldigoxin could be estimated even better by a one-compartment than by a two-compartment model. The following mean parameters were calculated: the half life of digoxin of 1.54±0.31 days was significantly shorter than the half life of 2.29±0.34 days for β-methyldigoxin. The distribution volume of 807±187 liters for digoxin was not significantly larger than the 735±227 liters for β-methyldigoxin. Renal digoxin clearance of 191±25 ml/min was significantly higher than both the renal clearance of β-methyldigoxin of 111±23 ml/min and also the creatinine clearance, which indicates tubular secretion of digoxin. There was a 2.8-fold accumulation of β-methyldigoxin injected once a day, which was significantly higher than the 1.8-fold accumulation of digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562456
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Bioavailability ; carbamazepine ; elimination ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time-courses of plasma carbamazepine concentrations were followed in six apparently healthy adult subjects who, at different times, took single oral drug doses of 200, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 mg. There were some suggestions of impaired bioavailability of the drug when given in tablet form. The following values were obtained for various pharmacokinetic parameters:k abs =0.176±0.209 h−1;k=0.0203±0.0055 h−1; T1/2=37.5±13.1 h; VD=0.825±0.1041 · kg−1; Clearance=0.0163±0.0061 l · kg−1. The elimination rate constant showed a statistically significant increase with increasing drug dose. This may help explain the clinical observation that the rate of rise of steady state plasma carbamazepine concentrations tends to decrease with dose increase in patients taking carbamazepine alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561065
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of glibenclamide on repeated administration to diabetic patients (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulfonylurea ; glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; repeated administration ; deep compartment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six maturity onset diabetic patients took glibenclamide 5 mg by mouth, every morning 10 min before a standard breakfast. Serum levels of immunoreactive glibenclamide, glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured repeatedly on the first and 15th days of treatment. Measured glibenclamide blood levels were in close agreement with an analogue computer simulation of data obtained from healthy volunteers: there was no accumulation of drug in the blood, but there was strong evidence for the existence of a slowly equilibrating “deep” compartment. Considerable insulin release and correction of the breakfast-induced hyperglycaemia were observed immediately after administration of the drug, as well as 5 h later, at lunch time. The clinical significance of blood levels of glibenclamide, as well as the correlation of pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics, are discussed in the light of these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561783
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model independent derivation of general equations for the “first-pass” effect and extra-hepatic drug elimination (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: General equation ; pharmacokinetics ; first pass effect ; extra-hepatic drug elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A general expression for the ratio of areas below the blood concentration-time curves after intravenous and oral drug administration is derived. This derivation does not require the assumption of a specific compartmental model to describe drug distribution within the body. Similarly an expression for the amount of drug metabolised in the liver is derived. The latter expression is used to estimate the extent of extra-hepatic drug elimination from the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561789
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic aspects of protriptyline plasma levels (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Antidepressive agent ; protriptyline ; plasma concentration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of protriptyline have been determined in 30 depressed female patients undergoing antidepressant therapy. After 3 1/2 weeks treatment at dosage levels of 40 mg/day, protriptyline plasma levels ranged from 430 to 1430 nmol/l. During this period only two-thirds of the subjects had definitely achieved asymptotic concentrations. Single dose studies in 5 volunteers suggest that the volume of distribution of protriptyline shows little intersubject variation. The half life of the drug, however, may vary appreciably from subject to subject, ranging from 54 to 198 h. The effects of two sedatives on mean protriptyline plasma levels have been determined. Mean plasma levels for nitrazepam recipients are indistinguishable from those for patients receiving no night sedation. The mean plasma levels for a group of patients receiving sodium amylobarbitone were significantly reduced. The problem of choice and early adjustment of dosages in order to achieve satisfactory plasma levels is discussed. For practical purposes it is suggested that early values may be of predictive significance in allowing early dosage adjustments to be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561788
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of salicylate and indomethacin in coeliac disease (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Salicylate ; aspirin ; indomethacin ; pharmacokinetics ; coeliac disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of salicylate and indomethacin were measured after a single oral dose of aspirin (600 mg) and indomethacin (50 mg) in twelve starved normal subjects and twelve adult patients with coeliac disease. The absorption of salicylate in the coeliac patients was faster than in the normal subjects. The plasma concentration/time curve of indomethacin in both groups was similar during the absorption phase, but there were significant differences between the groups in its elimination. The abnormal absorption pattern of salicylate in coeliac disease does not appear to be related to its pKa. Possible causes of the difference in salicylate absorption include changes in gastric emptying or altered small intestinal permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562942
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human experience of cetiedil, a new vasodilator with anticholinergic properties (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cetiedil ; vasodilator ; anticholinergic drug ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cetiedil, a new vasodilating drug with anticholinergic properties, was shown to be metabolised very rapidly in man after intravenous and oral administration of the14C-compound. Higher concentrations of labelled compound after oral than after intravenous administration at the same sampling time, and proportional differences in urinary excretion, suggest that metabolic handling of the drug differs depending on the route of administration. Experiments in which inhibition of saliva secretion was measured indicated that (an) active metabolite(s) probably was (were) responsible for the action of the drug. As an anticholinergic drug, cetiedil is at least 400 times weaker than atropine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609862
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime after intravenous injection (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cefuroxime ; cephalosporin antibiotics ; intravenous injection ; pharmacokinetics ; volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic which is stable to most β-lactamases produced by Gram-negative bacteria, was given by bolus intravenous injection to six volunteers in doses of 500 mg and 750 mg. The concentrations of cefuroxime in serum and urine were measured at pre-determined times after injection and the data analysed by a two-compartment open system model. A serum concentration of 8 µg/ml was exceeded for 100.3 min (±18.3) after a 500 mg dose and for 144.5 min (±19.8) after 750 mg. The ultimate serum half-life was 1.1 h. Excretion of cefuroxime in the urine was almost complete in 24 h, the clearance being 150 ml/min/1.73 m2. About 45% was excreted through the renal tubules. The injections were well tolerated and no changes in haematological or biochemical values were seen. The resulting data are compared with those published for some other cephalosporins. It is concluded that the favourable pharmacokinetics, especially the high concentrations of unbound cefuroxime in the serum, are likely to aid effective therapy of human infection caused by sensitive bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609865
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiarrhythmic and electrocardiographic effects of single oral doses of disopyramide (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Disopyramide ; plasma concentration ; cardiodepressant drugs ; ventricular arrhythmia ; ventricular tachycardia ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten patients with various heart diseases and ventricular arrhythmia received a single oral dose of disopyramide (DE) 200 mg. The ECG was recorded continuously for about 50 h from 2–4 h before drug administration. A statistically significant reduction in the number of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) was seen 1.0–3.5 h after drug intake; the average number of VEBs per 30 min decreased from 317 during the control period to 92 by 1.0–3.5 h after treatment and if one patient who did not respond is excluded, the corresponding figures were 272 and 14, respectively. Consecutive VEBs were seen in seven patients before DE was given and decreased significantly (p〈0.05) 1.5–5.5 h after drug administration. There was no change in the PQ interval, the QRS interval showed a slight increase, whereas the QT interval was prolonged 0.5–4 h after administration of DE. A specific gas chromatographic method was used for DE assay in plasma and urine. Absorption was rapid in all patients. Urinary excretion during the first 48 h after drug intake varied between 35 and 75%. The lowest effective antiarrhythmic concentration estimated in six patients ranged from 1.4 to 7.0 µg/ml. β-Phase half-life in five patients was between 10.3 and 22.1 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562898
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-dependence of the pharmacokinetics of quinidine (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Quinidine ; pharmacokinetics ; non-linearity ; dose-dependent pharmacokinetics ; steady state plasma level ; oral administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quinidine was administrated orally to five healthy male volunteers. Doses of 0.2 g t. i. d., 0.3 g t. i. d. and 0.4 g t. i. d. were given for five days with at least four weeks between each test period. The plasma concentration of quinidine was measured before the morning dose on Days 2–5 of treatment, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after the morning dose on the 5th day. There was not a linear relationship between the increase in dose and the increase in plasma concentration of quinidine. A dose increase of 50% from 0.6 to 0.9 g quinidine sulphate per day resulted in an increase in steady state concentration of 94%. A further 33% increase in dose, from 0.9 to 1.2 g daily, resulted in a 55% increase in the steady stae concentration of quinidine. The results demonstrate dose-dependent pharmacokinetics for quinidine. Possible explanations for the nonlinear pharmacokinetics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of methyldopa in healthy man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methyldopa ; radioactive label ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; healthy volunteers ; intravenous and oral administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of 2-14C-L-α-methyldopa have been investigated in five healthy volunteers following intravenous and oral administration. In the intravenous study a bi-phasic plasma concentration curve was found both for chemically determined α-methyldopa and for radioactivity. The plasma level of radioactivity differed significantly from chemically determined drug, a pattern which was also found in urine. This suggests the presence of unidentified metabolite(s). The difference between plasma disappearance and urine recovery of α-methyldopa and radioactivity during the first 4 h after injection suggests distribution to an extravascular compartment. Plasma half-lives of total radioactivity and of unchanged drug were calculated. In three subjects, pharmacokinetic parameters for a two-compartment open body model were calculated from urine and plasma data. Urinary recovery of radioactivity was almost complete within 48 h after intravenous administration. After oral administration, however, only about 40 per cent of the radioactive dose was recovered in the urine, and it contained approximately equal amounts of unconjugated methyldopa, acid-labile conjugated methyldopa and unidentified metabolite(s). The acid-labile conjugate was found only after oral administration, which supports the theory of a mucosal conjugation process. The lack of acid-labile conjugated drug either in the plasma or urine after intravenous injection indicates that there is no enterohepatic circulation of this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645132
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (acetaminophen) after intravenous and oral administration (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Paracetamol ; Acetaminophen ; pharmacokinetics ; first-pass elimination ; intravenous administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma paracetamol concentrations were measured in 6 volunteers after single intravenous (1000 mg) and oral (500 mg, 1000 mg and 2000 mg) doses of the drug. Paracetamol levels declined multiphasically with a mean clearance after intravenous administration of 352±40 ml/min. A two-compartment open model appeared to describe the decline adequately. Comparison of the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) indicated that oral bioavailability increased from 0.63±0.02 after 500 mg, to 0.89±0.04 and 0.87±0.08 after 1000 mg and 2000 mg, respectively. As a consequence of the incomplete bioavailability of paracetamol, as well as its multicompartmental distribution, accurate estimates of its distribution volume and clearance cannot be obtained if the drug is given orally. However, an estimate of its total plasma clearance may be derived from the AUC after a 500 mg oral dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607678
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and elimination of digoxin in infants (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; pharmacokinetics ; two-compartment model ; radioimmunoassay ; neonates ; infants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and elimination of intravenous digoxin were investigated in seven neonates and infants with heart failure. Serum digoxin concentrations during a 24 h period were determined by radioimmunoassay, using125I as tracer. The serum values declined biexponentially after the injection and could be fitted to a two-compartment open model by non-linear least-squares regression. The calculated mean half-lives of the distribution (alpha) phase in neonates and infants were 37 and 28 min, respectively. The mean half-life of the elimination (beta) phase in neonates was 44 h, as compared to 19 h in infants. The mean volume of the central compartment and the mean volume of distribution at steady-state were calculated to be 1.3 and 9.9 l/kg, respectively; no significant differences between neonates and infants were found. The relation between these volumes indicates that digoxin is extensively distributed in tissues. The steady-state distribution volumes of digoxin in neonates and infants exceed those reported in adults. The larger volume of distribution might explain in part why infants with cardiac insufficiency require larger doses of digoxin than adults (on a mg/kg body weight basis) to obtain the same serum concentrations. Elimination of digoxin from the body was slower in neonates than in infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566529
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual variation in the response to phenprocoumon (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenprocoumon ; protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; drug therapy ; myocardial infarction ; chronic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In nine patients, the synthesis rate Rsyn of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors was calculated from changes in prothrombin-complex activity after intravenous administration of a synthesis-blocking dose of phenprocoumon (PPC). The biological half-life of PPC was between 2.70 and 7.01 days. No correlation was found between the level of the free fraction of this strongly protein-bound drug and its biological half-life. There was a positive correlation (p〈0.01) between the size of the free fraction of PPC and the apparent volume of distribution of the drug. Four of the patients had had an acute myocardial infarction and they showed increased sensitivity to PPC. In them the plasma level of PPC sufficient to reduce Rsyn to 50% of R°syn was significantly lower, and the depression of individual vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors was more pronounced and prolonged, than in five other patients with chronic disease. The degradation rate of coagulation factors was also found to be higher in the patients with acute myocardial infarction. In four patients with chronic disease, anticoagulant therapy with PPC was continued in the out-patient clinic. The calculated oral maintenance dose of PPC, assuming complete absorption, first-order elimination kinetics and a linear relationship between the pharmacological effect and the logarithm of the PPC-plasma concentration, showed good agreement with the dose actually found to produce the desired PP% level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566532
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of acenocoumarol (Sintrom®) in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Acenocoumarol ; excretory balance man ; pharmacokinetics ; biotransformation ; plasma protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption, biotransformation and elimination of the anticoagulant acenocoumarol, 3-[α- (4′-nitrophenyl)-β-acetylethyl]-4-hydroxycoumarin, have been studied by oral administration of 12 mg of a14C-labelled preparation to two male volunteers. Absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract was rapid and the plasma concentration of unchanged drug reached a maximum of 169 and 412 ng/ml, respectively, after 3 hours. The elimination half-life in the two subjects, calculated from the decline between 6 and 24 h, was 8.7 and 8.2 hours. A constant proportion of 98.7% of the drug was bound in vitro to serum proteins over a concentration range of 0.021–8.34 µg/ml, with little interindividual variation. The major portion of the binding was to human serum albumin (97.5%) at two classes of binding sites: association constant K1=1.04×105 l/mole (n1=1) and K2=5.55×103 l/mole (n2=4). In addition to unchanged acenocoumarol, four metabolites were determined in plasma by isotope dilution techniques: the amino-, acetamido-, alcohol1- and alcohol2-metabolites. Of them, the amino-metabolite showed the highest concentration, namely 278 ng/ml, after 6 h in Subject A, and 163 ng/ml after 10 hours in Subject B. Judged from the integrated concentrations, the compounds analyzed accounted for 76 and 89%, respectively, of the total radioactivity in plasma. All the metabolites detected in plasma showed anticoagulant activity when tested in mice. The quantities of the metabolites excreted in urine from 0–120 hours were (Subject A/Subject B): acenocoumarol 0.3/0.2%, amino-metabolite 12.3/7.7%, acetamido-metabolite 19.0/11.1%, alcohol1-metabolite 4.6/9.0%, alcohol2-metabolite 1.7/4.4%, 6-hydroxy-metabolite 6.9/18.3% and 7-hydroxy-metabolite 14.0/22.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566534
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 297-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide ; pharmacokinetics ; dose/response relationship ; natriuresis ; kaliuresis ; calciuresis ; magnesiuresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydrochlorothiazide (hct) was administered orally in four different doses (12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg), to eight healthy volunteers. Plasma and urine concentrations of hct were determined by GLC. Maximal plasma levels were found at 1.5–5 h, and averaged 70, 142, 260 and 376 ng × ml−1 respectively. The peak plasma levels and AUC0→9h of hct were highly correlated (p〈0.001) with the dose. The decline in the plasma curve was biphasic in those experiments in which the plasma levels of hct could be determined for at least 24 h. The half life of the slower phase lay between 5.6 and 14.8 h. The urinary recovery of hct, which represented the gastrointestinal absorption, averaged 65 to 72 per cent of the dose. The mean renal plasma clearance did not vary with the dose and averaged 319 to 345 ml × min−1. The diuresis during the 10 h after hct 12.5 mg exceeded that after placebo by a mean of 800 ml. The diureses was not increased further after higher doses of hct. The maximal natriuretic effect (+ 100 mmol), too, was found after the 12.5 mg dose. The excretion of potassium, however, rose with increasing doses; the maximal increment, after 75 mg hct, averaged 25 mmol. The excretion of calcium was significantly increased after 50 mg hct (+ 0.6 mmol). The maximal effect on magnesium excretion occurred after 25 mg hct (+ 0.5 mmol). In healthy volunteers there was no correlation between peak plasma level of hct or AUC0→9h and the renal excretion of water and electrolytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607430
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in childhood (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenobarbital ; pharmacokinetics ; neonates ; infancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 14 neonates 1–4 weeks old, 30 babies aged 1–12 months, and 7 infants of 1–5 years of age, the serum levels of phenobarbital were determined by a gas chromatographic micro-method after intravenous injection of phenobarbital 5–10 mg per kg body weight. It was possible to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters using a two compartment open model. The distribution volumes within the individual age groups and the rate constants k12 and k21 showed no significant differences, but the elimination half-life was significantly longer in neonates (118.6±16.1 h) than in babies (62.9±5.2 h) or infants (68.5±3.2 h).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607431
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tolmetin with and without concomitant administration of antacid in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tolmetin ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; antacid ; oral dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to determine whether a concomitant single dose of antacid or multiple doses of antacid administered prior to, and with tolmetin, alter the pharmacokinetics of tolmetin when the drug was administered as a commercially available tablet containing tolmetin sodium. The possible effects of the antacid on plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of tolmetin and its major metabolite were evaluated following administration of: (a) tolmetin sodium alone; (b) antacid four time a day for three days prior to a single dose of tolmetin sodium, with continuation of the antacid during the day tolmetin was given; and (c) co-administration of single doses of tolmetin sodium and antacid. The twenty-four subject study was of the crossover type. There were no significant differences among treatment means for: (i) peak plasma concentrations of both tolmetin and metabolite, (ii) AUC 0–8 h and AUC 0-∞ for both tolmetin and metabolite, (iii) time to peak plasma concentration for both tolmetin and metabolite, (iv) plasma concentrations of both tolmetin and the metabolite at all sampling times (except for tolmetin at 2 h), (v) renal clearance of both tolmetin and its metabolite, and (vi) the amount of metabolite excreted in the 0–24 h urine. There were small, but significant, differences among amounts of tolmetin excreted in the 0–24 h urine. Semilogarithmic plots of both tolmetin and metabolite plasma concentrations past the peak concentrations were curved over the entire 8-h observation period; although the elimination half-life of tolmetin has been reported to be about one hour, the half-life most probably exceeds 2.6 h in most subjects. The results of this study indicate a lack of a significant drug-drug interaction between the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, tolmetin sodium, and a commonly used antacid, which is a mixture of magnesium and aluminium hydroxides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561061
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of a double oxide layer on pure copper (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Duplex oxides ; copper oxidation ; kinetics ; oxygen partitioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The theory for the growth of a double oxide layer proposed by Yurek, Hirth, and Rapp, has been applied to copper using experimental rate-constant data obtained by Valensi. Calculated thicknesses of the layers agree very well with experimentally measured values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606399
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of tantalum in oxygen-nitrogen and oxygen-inert gas mixtures (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 225-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: tantalum ; oxidation ; high temperature ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of tantalum in oxygen-nitrogen and oxygen-inert gas mixtures at925°C has been studied. The oxygen pressure was close to 0.5 atm in all experiments, and partial pressures of the second component of from 0 to 180 Torr were employed. Spherical specimens were used to provide quantitatively significant kinetic data. A model has been proposed which suggests that the oxygen pressure at the reaction interface close to the metal surface is lower than the external pressure because of the finite permeability of the porous outer oxide layer, and that the inert gas effectively reduces the permeability. The model gives good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606059
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of cobalt at high temperature (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 365-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: cobalt oxidation ; kinetics ; parabolic rate constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Precise values of parabolic rate constants of cobalt oxidation have been determined over a wide range of temperature (950–1300°C) and oxygen pressure (6.58× 10−4−0.658 atm). The dependence of the calculated values of parabolic rate constants k″p on oxygen pressure and temperature can be described by the following empirical equation: $$k''_p = const. \cdot {\text{p}}_{O_2 }^{{\text{1/n}}} \cdot exp ( - {\text{E}}_{\text{k}} /RT)$$ The exponent 1/n decreases with an increase in temperature from 1/3.40 at 950°C to 1/3.96 at 1300°C, whereas the activation energy Ek decreases with an increase in the oxygen pressure from 41.7 to 38.1 kcal/mole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608018
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the kinetics of nickel sulfidation in H2S-H2 mixtures in the temperature range 450–600°C (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 263-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel ; sulfidation ; kinetics ; mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction between pure nickel and H2S-H2 mixtures containing 1–65% H2S has been studied over the temperature range 450–600°C. The sulfidation of nickel in the temperature range 560–600°C has been found to follow a linear rate law at low concentrations of H2S and a parabolic rate law at higher concentrations (10% and 65% H2S); X-ray examination of the scale formed on the metal showed it to be almost entirely β-Ni3S2. On the basis of the kinetics and marker studies it can be concluded that the sulfide scale on nickel is formed by the outward transport of the metal and the inward transport of sulfur. In the temperature range 450–500°C the sulfidation of nickel follows a parabolic rate law. In mixtures containing 10% H2S the scale formed contains voids, the occurrence of which is connected with formation of Ni7S6. It has also been shown that the rate of transport through the Ni3S2 layer has an essential influence on the formation of a continuous layer of Ni7S6. Marker studies have shown that both nickel and sulfur appear to be mobile in β′-Ni3S2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606061
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curve fitting and modeling in pharmacokinetics and some practical experiences with NONLIN and a new program FUNFIT (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 513-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; nonlinear regression ; curve fitting ; computer program ; time sharing ; modeling ; weighting ; least squares ; parameter estimation ; discrimination between models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The problems of curve fitting and modeling in pharmacokinetics are discussed. A new nonlinear regression program FUNFIT, written for interactive time sharing, is presented which should be more reliable than programs based on the Gauss-Newton or other related gradient methods. The new program and the well-established program NONLIN were tested on two linear models using human plasma drug level data. FUNFIT found a substantially better solution than NONLIN in the majority of the cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061732
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of sampling on drug kinetics in liver perfusion (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 335-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; perfusion models ; sampling ; parameter estimation ; computer program ; Org GB 94 ; mianserin ; Org GC 94
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical treatment of the influence of sampling on drug kinetics in liver perfusion is presented. Based on the derived equations, a Fortran IV computer program (PERFUS) is given, by which the time course of drug concentrations can be simulated for any sampling scheme. The simulations show that the withdrawal of large samples from the reservoir, i.e., larger than 5% of the reservoir volume, results in substantially biased parameters for drugs that are rapidly distributed and/or metabolized. For the fitting of empirical data, a Fortran IV computer program is given, based on BMDX85 nonlinear least squares by Gauss-Newton iterations. This program (PERFIT) estimates model parameters corrected as if no sampling had occurred, no matter how distorted the drug disappearance curve mày be as a result of sampling or due to degeneration of the two-compartment model into a one-compartment model. The conditions under which this degeneration occurs are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061695
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic clearance of local anesthetics in man (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: hepatic clearance ; extraction ratio ; local anesthetics ; pharmacokinetics ; lidocaine ; bupivacaine ; etidocaine ; cardiovascular effects of local anesthetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two independent methods of calculating hepatic drug clearance were applied to data from studies of the human pharmacokinetics of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine. Within experimental limitations, agreement was good between estimates obtained by measurement of areas under blood drug concentration-time curves after rapid intravenous injection and by direct measurement of arterial and hepatic venous drug concentrations. Apparent hepatic extraction ratios of the agents followed the order etidocaine (∼0.73)/s〉lidocaine (∼0.68〉bupivacaine (∼0.37).Pharmacokinetic implications of increases in hepatic blood flow induced by the agents are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066215
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic profile of chlordiazepoxide HCl in healthy subjects: Single-dose studies by the intravenous, intramuscular, and oral routes (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 3-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; benzodiazepine ; two-compartment model, biopharmaceutics ; pharmacokinetics ; single dose ; routes of administration ; intravenous ; intramuscular ; oral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Single 30- mg doses of chlordiazepoxide HCl were administered to six healthy human subjects by the intravenous, oral, and intramuscular routes. Plasma concentration- time curves following intravenous administration were satisfactorily described by a biexponential equation consistent with a two-compartment open model system. Mean values of half-lives for the so-called distribution and elimination phases were 0.252 and 9.39 hr, respectively. The mean values for the volume of the central compartment (V 1) and volume of distribution $$(V_{d_\beta } )$$ were 18.0 and 30.9% of body weight, respectively. Following oral administration, the drug was rapidly and completely absorbed. Absorption was first order (t1/2≈27 min), and three of the six subjects showed a discernible lag time of approximately 20 min. Drug absorption following intramuscular administration was comparatively slow. A two- compartment “muscle model” comprised of precipitated and solubilized drug in the muscle was found to satisfactorily characterize the absorption process following administration by this route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064806
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in normal healthy volunteers (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: propranolol ; kinetics ; volunteers ; bioavailability ; threshold dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of propranolol in blood was studied in healthy volunteers, following intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg and increasing oral doses of 10,20, and 40 mg, using a specific and sensitive gas Chromatographie method. The systemic availability of orally administered propranolol varied from 9% to 38% between subjects, but it was constant within each subject. A linear relationship was found between the area under the blood concentration-time curve and the oral dose. At variance with literature data, we could not observe a threshold dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065394
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacokinetic model for high-dose methotrexate infusions in man (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 421-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: methotrexate ; pharmacokinetics ; model ; computer ; cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The infusion of high doses of methotrexate followed by folinic acid rescue is clinically useful against a variety of tumors. We studied the plasma pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate infusions in patients with advanced cancer and devised a compartmental, kinetic model. our model is based on an earlier, mathematical model which describes the pharmacokinetics of moderate- to- high-dose methotrexate given as a single, intravenous injection. Mathematical equations for our model were solved on a UNIVAC1108 computer with the SAAM program. Seven compartments represent the distribution spaces for methotrexate and its metabolites. The transport of drug into and out of compartments is described by first-order differential equations. A nonlinear, concentration-dependent function is used for renal excretion with saturation of secretory and reabsorption mechanisms by methotrexate. Our model accurately depicts the pharmacokinetics of nine courses of therapy in five patients. The model can also be used to simulate the kinetics of methotrexate for patients with impaired renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061726
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gentamicin disposition and tissue accumulation on multiple dosing (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 559-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: gentamicin ; tissue distribution ; pharmacokinetics ; two-compartment modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gentamicin pharmacokinetics was examined in a group of 47 patients with stable renal function treated an average of 10 days for severe infection. Serum concentrations rose continually during treatment, and declined in two phases after the drug was stopped, with a mean half-life of 112hr (range 27–693 hr) in the second phase. A two-compartment model was used to describe the biphasic decline in serum concentrations and to calculate the amount of drug in the tissue compartment at all times during and after treatment. Predicted tissue amounts of gentamicin rose continually on multiple dosing in all patients. In six patients who died, postmortem tissues were obtained to quantitate recovery. In all cases, the predicted amount of gentamicin in tissues was in close agreement with the amount recovered at autopsy. Tissue distribution and accumulation constitute a major reason for variability in gentamicin pharmacokinetics and explain both the rising peak and trough serum concentrations and the prolonged detection of gentamicin in serum and urine after the drug is stopped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059684
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic profile of chlordiazepoxide HCl in healthy subjects: Multiple-dose oral administration (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; benzodiazepine ; two-compartment model ; multiple dosing ; pharmacokinetics ; biopharmaceutics ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eight healthy male volunteers received chlordiazepoxide HCl orally at a dosage of 10 mg every 8 hr over a period of 21 days. On day 22, the regimen was changed to 30 mg every 24 hr for an additional 15 days. Plasma concentrations of chlordiazepoxide and its metabolites desmethyl-chlordiazepoxide, demoxepam, and desoxydemoxepam were measured during 14 of the 36 treatment days. Chlordiazepoxide plasma concentration- time data were consistent with first-order absorption and complete bioavailability. The harmonic mean absorption half-life was 12.3 min. Disposition of chlordiazepoxide was described by a two-compartment open model with a harmonic mean terminal exponential half-life of 10.1 hr. Average steady — state plasma levels of chlordiazepoxide, desmethylchlordiazepoxide, and demoxepam were approximately 0.75, 0.54, and 0.36 μg/ml, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064807
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...