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  • SPACE SCIENCES  (1,409)
  • General Chemistry  (1,165)
  • Organic Chemistry  (689)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (611)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (496)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (323)
  • COMMUNICATIONS  (302)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (5,184)
  • 1971  (5,184)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1970-1974  (5,184)
Year
  • 1
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    Optical and high frequency electrical properties of the lunar sample (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Reflectivity and polarization laws for the powder sample and its spectrum are close to the mean for the lunar maria. Solid samples show a marked absorption feature at 1 micron. The low albedo appears to be due to a surface coating on dust grains rather than volume absorption. The high frequency electrical properties resemble those of a fine powder made from typical dense terrestrial rocks, and are consistent with previous ground-based radar estimates. The differential mass spectrum is almost constant from 100 micron particles down to 0.1 micron; most particles are smaller than 0.3 micron. Their shapes disclose a variety of generation processes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Res. on Lunar Mater.; p 25-39
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  • 2
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    Geological features in Wyoming from Nimbus 1 (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The identification of ground features in Nimbus photography by comparisons with geology, soils, and vegetation maps is discussed for the Wyoming-Colorado area. It is concluded that in a semiarid region, high topographic relief shows good coassociation with exposed geology and with vegetation and, to a lesser degree, with soils types. In lower, flatter basins, most tonal patterns are related to subtle variations in soil color and vegetation cover. It is thought that maps based on spectral parameters as the proper descriptor of surface features may be required.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 2-7
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  • 3
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    The behavior of magnitude dependent systematic errors (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objective grating technique is discussed. From the investigation of actual material, it is established that the effect of coma varies significantly from plate to plate, also that a model linear in diameter and/or coordinate may be inadequate for its removal, and even introduce systematic errors. From this standpoint, the requirements of reference star systems are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 241-248
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  • 4
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    The improvement of star positions by photographic methods (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A brief description is given of the new astrometric camera and of the program on which it is being employed. This is the photography of the southern sky so that each star appears on at least four overlapping plates. Sets of star coordinates measured on each plate are combined with a limited set of provisional meridian places to give an accurate set of relative star positions which are independent of the meridian system together with a set of residuals for each plate-star. The technique is based on a simple geometrical model of image formation on photographic plates. Current investigations are concerned with the elimination of sources of systematic deviation from this model.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 199-208
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  • 5
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    An analysis of the AGK3 comparison star positions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Proper motions formed with the use of positions in the AGK3 and other, older catalogues are investigated for systematic trends.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 169-172
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  • 6
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    An F1 Schmidt satellite camera and the methods of plate measurement and reduction (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The f1 Hewitt camera is a field flattened Schmidt system of 60cm aperture. The salient features of this equipment are briefly described. Details of the methods of plate measurement are then given. The plate reduction is carried out in two stages. The plate is first calibrated using the photogrammetric method. The formulae usually quoted have been extended to take account of the large distortion introduced by the field flattening lens. In the second stage, the satellite measurements are reduced to satellite positions corrected for refraction, aberration, and when necessary, phase.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Photo. Astrometric Technique; p 141-154
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  • 7
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    Tests of general relativity using pulsars (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The arrival times of the pulses from each pulsar are measured by a cesium clock. The observations are all made at a frequency of 2388 MHz (12.5 cm wavelength) on a 26 m dish antenna. The effect of interstellar charged particles is a random one that increases the noise level on the arrival time measurements. The variation in clock rate is shown consisting of two effects: the time dilation effect of special relativity and the red shift effect of general relativity.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 65-67
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  • 8
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    Properties of hollow square gravitational wave detectors (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Antennas are described with gravitational radiation properties such as polarization, directivity, and scalar and tensor characteristics. These antenna devices are mechanically resonant systems in the shape of a hollow square with fundamental frequencies in the Hz range. An antenna characteristic is that the absorption cross section for quadrupole radiation at the normal frequency of vibration is the same as that of the fundamental if the damping factors are the same. The absorption cross section of quadrupole gravitational radiation is calculated for a class-1 detector of a cylindrical cross section and for a class-2 detector shaped like a hollow square.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 41-44
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  • 9
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    The cosmic helium abundance (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Cosmic helium abundance was studied through the interior structure of young stars, profiles of helium absorption lines in the photospheric spectra of hot young stars, and emission-line spectrum of ionized gas. It is concluded that helium occurred before galaxies were formed. Inconsistencies found in the quasar spectra are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 1-3
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  • 10
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    Improvements in Ross type astrometric objectives (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: It is shown that aspheric deformations of the first and fourth elements of the four element Ross objective can be introduced to permit one to obtain improved color corrections for astrometric purposes. The usual monochromatic aberrations are as well corrected as for the standard Ross lens. In addition, one can eliminate or reduce additional aberrations, such as secondary spectrum, chromatic spherical aberration, chromatic coma and chromatic distortion. The resulting objectives are suitable for use as intermediate and long focus astrometric objectives covering large angle fields.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 61-84
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  • 11
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    Introduction to passive nutation dampers (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Coning motion can prevent photographic and TV cameras and other oriented spacecraft experiments from maintaining a steady scan, and it can introduce a ripple in the high-gain communication system. Nutation dampers are used to remove this type of spacecraft instability. The first nutation damper flown in a missile for the stabilization of the gyroscope consisted of a hollow ring that was partially filled with mercury, and the sloshing of the mercury dissipated the nutational energy. A similar mercury-ring damper was used in the Pioneer 1 lunar probe in 1958 and became the first nutation damper to be used in space. Since then many types of nutation dampers have been designed for spin-stabilized spacecraft ranging in size from small scientific satellites to large space stations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 73-81
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  • 12
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    Dynamic behavior of the mercury damper (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The dynamic behavior of the mercury nutation damper is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the eccentric annular mercury configuration, which is the final continuous ring phase that occurs in the operation of all mercury dampers. In this phase, damping is poorest, and the system is closely linear. During the investigation, the hydrodynamic problem is treated as three dimensional, and extensive use is made of a variational principle of least-viscous frictional power loss. A variational principle of least-constraint is also used to advantage. Formulas for calculating the behavior of the mercury damper are obtained. Some confirmatory experiments were performed with transparent ring channels on a laboratory gyroscope. Selected movie frames taken during wobble damping are shown along with the results of film measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 9-16
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  • 13
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    Electromagnetic compatibility fundamentals applied to spacecraft radio communication systems (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A design guide for minimizing electromagnetic interference in aerospace communication equipment for ground stations is presented. Specifically treated are the mechanisms of generating unwanted radio emissions that may affect station operations as well as other communications services, the mechanisms by which sensitive receivers become susceptible to interference, means for reducing interference, standard methods of measurement, and the problems of site selection. The sources of interference are viewed primarily as originating from communications transmitters aboard spacecraft and aircraft, ground transmitters within and outside the ground stations, and other electrical sources on the ground that are not intended to radiate.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Radio Freq. Interference Handbook; p 1-106
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  • 14
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    Experiment T001: Entry communication on the Gemini 3 mission (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Water addition to the Gemini 3 exhaust plasma was studied to determine its effectiveness in the establishment of communication links during the entry portion of the flight. Attenuation levels were measured with and without water injection at uhf frequencies of 230.4 and 296.8 megahertz and at the C-band frequency of 5690 megahertz. Ultrahigh frequency signals that had been blacked out were restored to significant levels, during early portions of the water-injection sequence, by the high flow rate injection. The C-band signal was enhanced by medium and high flow rate injections during the latter portion of the injection period. The uhf signal recovered during water injection resulted in an antenna pattern that was beamed in the radial direction of injection from the spacecraft. Postflight analysis showed that the uhf recovery data were consistent with injection-penetration theory.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: The Gemini Porgram: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 471-485
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  • 15
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    Experiment D015: Night image intensification (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A performance test of a night image intensification system for use as a visual aid by the crewmen in Gemini is reported. The equipment package consisted of (1) image intensification camera; (2) camera control unit; (3) viewing monitor; (4) recording monitor and photographic recorder; and (5) monitor electronics and equipment control unit. Representative photographs are predominantly of lights and clouds. Photographs of three different sections of coastline reveal a contrast between the images of land and ocean. These images range in quality from good to poor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 431-443
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  • 16
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    Experiment S005: Synoptic terrain photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Several tentative conclusions can be derived from the results of the synoptic terrain photography experiment, with particular reference to the results from the Gemini mission. The photographs are additional confirmation of the feasibility and value of orbital photographs for geology, geography, and oceanography. The photographs have proven to be of value in the study of the tectonic problems. Although vertical or near-vertical photography is superior to oblique photography, photographs from the Gemini 12 mission have proven that low oblique photographs, and even high oblique photographs, may be of value for certain situations. The oblique views of the Makran Range were useful substitutes for vertical photographs. Equivalent aerial coverage by vertical photographs would have necessitated a camera altitude of several hundred miles. The oblique views of the Sierra Madre Oriental have been used in the search for structures that are approximately normal to the horizon and are enhanced by the foreshortening because of the photograph.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 337-381
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  • 17
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    Experiment M403: Electrostatic charge (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Experiment M403 was flown on the Gemini 4 and 5 spacecraft in an effort to discover whether the spacecraft could accumulate sufficient excess electric charge to constitute a hazard for later Gemini-Agena rendezvous missions. An attempt was made to measure the electric field terminating on a small area of the spacecraft retrograde adapter section and to calculate the total spacecraft charge from this measured field value. The Gemini 5 instrument was inhibited from responding to electric fields that corresponded to a charge on the spacecraft. However, readings were obtained on the Gemini 5 mission that were of as great or greater magnitude than those obtained on the Gemini 4 mission. This could be interpreted as an indication that the contribution of a net spacecraft charge to the Gemini 4 measurements was negligible. An operational measurement that was performed on a later rendezvous mission was indicative of a very small exchange of charge between the Gemini spacecraft and the Agena vehicle.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 115-124
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  • 18
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    Experiment S013: Ultraviolet astronomical camera (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Recordings of the stellar ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength region from 2000 to 4000 angstroms are reported. An analysis of the surface temperatures of the stars, the absorption effects occurring in the atmospheres of the stars, and the absorption effects of the interstellar dust is made from the photographic data obtained. In addition to gathering basic astrophysical data about hot, young stars, the experiment is used to clarify the problems and techniques of uv photography of stars from manned spacecraft.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 81-99
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  • 19
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    Experiment M411: Two color earth limb photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Some simple calculations were made regarding the scattered light phenomenon of a sunlit earth limb. It was assumed that the light was to be scattered by an atmosphere irradiated by a zenith sun. Calculations were made with several different scattering coefficients assignable to various wavelengths of the extended visual region. The dependence of the excess blue-limb elevation was less obviously determined by the scattering angle than was suspected. It is reasonable to surmise that the variation of the values of excess blue-limb elevation originated principally from the red-limb variance, because the form of the blue-limb profiles (at least in their upper part) was more regular than was that of the red-limb profiles.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 101-114
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  • 20
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    Gyroscope test of gravitation: An analysis of the important perturbations (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Two perturbations, the earth's quadrupole moment and the earth's revolution around the sun, are discussed. Schiff's proposed gyroscope test of gravitation is analyzed, along with the capability of deciphering each separate contribution to the angular velocity of spin precession.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 82-84
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  • 21
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    On the heterodyne method of detecting gravitational waves (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A mathematical model on the heterodyne method of detecting gravitational waves is presented, using a dumbbell consisting of two masses situated in a plane and a plane-fronted gravitational wave traveling perpendicular to the plane. It is concluded that the detector sensitivity is not likely to be improved without employing very complicated and expensive super low temperature techniques.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 45-46
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  • 22
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    Nutation dampers for manned spacecraft (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Nutation dampers are examined from the standpoint of application to manned space stations with artificial gravity. Typical spacecraft concepts and associated control requirements are considered, and examples of the dampers proposed for these spacecraft are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 103-109
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  • 23
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    Low nutation-rate dampers (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mission requirements plus spacecraft weight and power constraints often reduce the excitation frequency of a nutation damper below 1 cpm. Since attitude stability is determined by damper performance, maximum effectiveness at low rates is demanded. Presented are design considerations that low-frequency dampers require, along with descriptions of two low-frequency systems: the Direct Measurement Explorer 1 and the Small Astronomy Satellite A (SAS-A).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 97-102
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  • 24
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    Response characteristics of a thermal-heliotrope solar-array orientation device (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The thermal heliotrope is a passive solar-array orientation device containing a bimetallic helix that rotates when activated by solar energy. The rate and extent of the rotation depends upon the properties of the two metals and the temperature of the helix. An energy-balance analysis is performed to determine the temperature distribution in the helix. By initially restricting the analysis, a simplified equation governing the response of the heliotrope is obtained. In order to gain insight into the response of the heliotrope, a series of experiments were performed. The results of these tests and the implications are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 33-39
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  • 25
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    Supersonic cruise inlets (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design and characteristics of supersonic cruise inlets
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 283-312
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  • 26
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    Orbital science photography. Part H - Astronomical photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Astronomical photography of zodiacal light and lunar libration clouds
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 300-302
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  • 27
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    Orbital science photography. Part C - Hycon photography of the central highlands (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: High resolution strip photography of lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 283-290
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  • 28
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    Orbital-science photography. Part A - Volcanic features in the far-side highlands (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Study of far side upland volcanism of lunar surface using Hasseblad camera
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 267-274
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  • 29
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    Bistatic-radar investigation (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Bistatic radar for remote determination of vertical crustal structure of lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 257-266
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  • 30
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    S-band transponder experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 command service and lunar module orbital velocity data from radio navigation S-band transponder experiment for lunar gravitation effects
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 253-256
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  • 31
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    Lunar-surface closeup stereoscopic photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Closeup photographs of soil and rock on lunar surface obtained with Apollo 14 stereoscopic camera
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 239-247
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  • 32
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    The solar-wind composition experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Aluminum foils for measuring solar wind ion composition
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 221-226
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  • 33
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    Lunar portable magnetometer experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar portable magnetometer experiment to measure steady magnetic field at different sites in Fra Mauro region - Apollo 14 flight
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 227-237
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  • 34
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    Laser ranging retroreflector (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Laser ranging retroreflector deployed on lunar surface to study lunar librations for defining precisely lunar orbits and studying earth planetary structure - Apollo 14 flight
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 215-220
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  • 35
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    Cold-cathode-gage experiment /lunar atmosphere detector/ (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Cold cathode gage for measuring amount of gas present in lunar atmosphere
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 185-191
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  • 36
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    Active seismic experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Active seismic signal analysis from Apollo 14 thumper and mortar detonations on lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 163-174
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  • 37
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    Passive seismic experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Seismic signal analysis from Apollo 14 passive seismic experiment
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 133-161
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    Preliminary examination of lunar samples (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Mineralogy and petrology of lunar rock and soil samples returned from Apollo 14 landing site
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 109-131
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  • 39
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    Soil mechanics experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar soil mechanics and properties based on Apollo 14 observations and data
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 87-108
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  • 40
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    Crew observations (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 crew visual observations of earth, moon, lunar topology and geology, and astronaut maneuverability during extravehicular activity
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 33-37
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  • 41
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    Photographic summary (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Photographic equipment and film used during Apollo 14 flight in command and lunar modules and during extravehicular activity
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 9-32
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  • 42
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    Summary of scientific results (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 lunar seismographic, geologic, magnetic field, and atmospheric data summary
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 1-8
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  • 43
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    Choice of integrators for use with a variation of parameters formulation (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Perturbation theory using variation of parameters formulation to calculate satellite orbits
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 117-121
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  • 44
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    Communications control group assembly - Teletype line switching equipment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Communications control group teletype line switching equipment for space stations
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 113-116
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  • 45
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    Antenna rigging angle optimization within structural member size design optimization (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Antenna rigging angle optimization within structural member design for improved antenna performance
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 81-87
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  • 46
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    Antenna structures - Evaluation of reflector surface distortions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Reflector surface distortions of 210 ft antenna and their effects on radio frequency performance
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 76-80
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  • 47
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    Tracking and data acquisition elements research - Polarization diverse S band feed cone (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Polarization diverse S band feed cone for DSIF reflector antennas
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 66-72
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  • 48
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    A second/third order hybrid phase locked receiver for tracking Doppler rates (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Second/third order hybrid phase locked receiver for tracking frequency ramp signals
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 42-45
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  • 49
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    Refractivity influence on DSS Doppler data (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Examination of deep space Doppler data for terrestrial media contamination
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 31-41
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  • 50
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    A cursory examination of the sensitivity of the tropospheric range and Doppler effects to the shape of the refractivity profile (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Ray tracing techniques for examination of refractivity profile sensitivity in tropospheric range and Doppler effects on profile shape
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 22-30
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  • 51
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    Viking mission support (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Viking mission support by tracking and data system of DSN
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 7-10
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  • 52
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    Mariner Mars 1971 mission support (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Mariner Mars 1971 mission support plan modifications and cost reductions by DSN
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 4-6
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  • 53
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    DSN functions and facilities (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Deep Space Network functions, and facility operations
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 1-3
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  • 54
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    Some physical properties of Apollo 12 lunar samples (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The size distribution of the lunar fines is measured, and small but significant differences are found between the Apollo 11 and 12 samples as well as among the Apollo 12 core samples. The observed differences in grain size distribtuion in the core samples are related to surface transportation processes, and the importance of a sedimentation process versus meteoritic impact gardening of the mare grounds is discussed. The optical and the radio frequency electrical properties are measured and are also found to differ only slightly from Apollo 11 results.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Res. on Lunar Mater.; p 2-24
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  • 55
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    Cape photographic catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A history and discussion of the photographic star catalog work at the Cape Observatory is given.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 197-199
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  • 56
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    Plans for a standard region for long focus astrographs (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The construction of a catalog of precise star positions in the region of Praesepe is proposed. A list of the 408 stars to be included is given. The program stars were chosen on the basis of their position, magnitude and color, and the availability of accurate early epoch positions. The present status of the project is noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 191-196
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  • 57
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    The AGK3, a basis for a general (northern) reference catalogue of positions and proper motions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The original concept of the international AGK3 program is presented and a report on the methods applied and on the progress of the work is given. The results in the form of revised positions of the AGK2 reduced to the FK4 system, and of AGK3, can be extrapolated easily to earlier epochs, as far back as those of AGK1, and the mean error for these epochs will permit one the deriving of reliable values for systematic corrections of the old catalogs. By using the AGK2/3 positions a general catalog of roughly to the ninth magnitude can be constructed by including large catalogs such as AGK1, AC, and Yale. Thus a new edition of the type of the SAO catalog for the northern hemisphere can be produced.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 161-168
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  • 58
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    Observations and reduction techniques of the US Coast and Geodetic Survey (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The plate reduction method and other aspects of the world geodetic net are described. About one hundred stars are used as reference stars on the PAGEOS satellite plates obtained on 300mm f.1. and later 450mm f.1. Wild BC-4 cameras. The measurements are made manually now on diapositives since these can, according to experience, be measured with higher accuracy and are adjusted following a rigorous projective geometric model. The satellite images are analytically represented by a polynomial curve, of which seven fictitious points are regarded as the result from this plate. Some other aspects of the program are also discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Photo. Astrometric Technique; p 133-140
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  • 59
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    An Eotvos experiment in earth orbit (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The gravitational interactions of mass energy stored in the weak interaction are being investigated. The magnitude of possible Eotvos anomalies, such as weak interaction, gravitational self-energy, spin-orbit interactions, and electromagnetic radiation reaction, are considered. A sensitive experiment was designed to determine whether weak interaction energy violates the equivalence principle. Factors to be considered in spacecraft design for the experiment are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 228-235
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  • 60
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    Physical limitations in sensors for a drag-free deep space probe (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The inner perturbing forces acting on sensors were analyzed, taking into account the technological limitations imposed on the proof mass position pickup and proof mass acquisition system. The resulting perturbing accelerations are evaluated as a function of the drag-free sensor parameters. Perturbations included gravitational attraction, electrical action, magnetic action, pressure effects, radiation effects, and action of the position pickup. These data can be used to study the laws of guidance, providing an optimization of the space probe as a whole.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 197-212
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    Applications of presently planned interplanetary missions to testing gravitational theories (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A summary of the probable interplanetary missions for the 1970's is presented, which may prove useful in testing the general theory of relativity. Mission characteristics are discussed, as well as instrumentation. This last includes a low-level accelerometer and S-/X-band transponders and antennas.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 213-221
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  • 62
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    Automatic plate mensuration and reduction at Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The use of optical satellite observation data for geodetic purposes depends on the ability to extract pertinent information from photographic plates by identifying points on the plates and correlating them with known star positions for use in geodetic positioning. This procedure is accomplished with a new semi-automatic measuring system, an advanced analytical plate reduction program for the IBM 7094 computer, and a triangulation adjustment. The advantages gained with the measuring system, a brief discussion of the system itself, and the plate reduction and triangulation adjustment are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 109-118
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  • 63
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    Astrometric investigations at the Vienna Observatory and astrometric plans for the 60 inch reflector of the L. Figl Observatory (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A short discussion of the astrometric instruments at the Vienna Observatory is given. The essential features of design and organization of the planned 60 inch telescope are described. Furthermore, several points of view concerning modern astrometry are discussed, especially the usefulness of comparing astrometric results based upon different instruments, for instance the comparison between mirrors and refractor based data. Some examples are given together with new immediate results. Lastly, as far as possible at this moment astrometric plans for the new telescope are formulated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 99-108
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  • 64
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    The reduction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration plates at the New Mexico University (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A method of reducing GEOS satellite plates is described. The catalog positions of stars, whose images were measured, are updated to the time of the photographic observation. The plate constants are used to compute the positions of the seven (or fewer) flashing light images which were measured. There are corrected for refraction, parallax, and radial and decentering lens distortions. With sidereally tracking cameras, the exterior orientation is further corrected to the time of the particular flash, and the change of refraction with time is allowed for. First and second differences and standard deviations and covariances for the flashing light images are developed as a measure of accuracy.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 119-122
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    The extraction of accurate coordinates of images on photographic plates by means of a scanning type measuring machine (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Moire method experimental stress analysis is similar to a problem encountered in astrometry. It is necessary to extract accurate coordinates from images on photographic plates. The solution to the mutual problem found applicable to the field of experimental stress analysis is presented to outline the measurement problem. A discussion of the photo-reading device developed to make the measurements follows.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 55-60
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    Computer controlled precision digitizers of optical image data extraction (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The flying spot digitizer and its applications are described. Suggestions are made as to how this apparatus might be used for the precise and fast measurement of star images on photographic plates.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 15-24
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    The use of the Earth-Moon system as a radio tracking facility (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The use of the earth-moon system for radio tracking has several potentially useful aspects, from a scientific standpoint: extension of the baseline by two orders of magnitude, absence of lunar atmosphere, higher-velocity parallax with a longer period, and the moon's more modellable rotation. The facility would be a convenient base station for other research, not directly involving the tracking capability, but utilizing its orbiting data link features.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 249-251
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    Observations of earth eigen vibrations possibly excited by low frequency gravity waves (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A cryogenic gravity meter made of two parts, a magnetic suspension unit and a detection module, was used to monitor earth eigen vibrations. The magnetic field and field gradient are generated by energizing a set of superconducting coils made of niobium-zirconium alloy wire. The detection module is a double Josephson junction magnetometer. The output is printed on a chart recorder and later digitized using a computer; a Fourier transformation is performed on the accumulated data. The measurements of eigen vibrations are summarized in tabular and graphical representations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 47-53
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    Experiment S010: Agena micrometeorite collection (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A study was made of the micrometeoroid content of the upper atmosphere and the near-earth space environment. Highly polished collection surfaces attached to the target docking adapter (TDA) were exposed to micrometeorite impact and debris collection during the Gemini 8, 9, and 10 missions. Also, the device was attached to the Gemini Agena target vehicle (GATV) during the Gemini 12 mission. The effects of space environment exposure on viable microorganisms were recorded. No substantive data regarding space environment micrometeorite content were derived from the Gemini 9 or 12 missions. However, some substantive data were obtained from the experiment package that was retrieved from the Gemini 10 mission. The micrometeorite-flux values obtained were in general agreement with values obtained from previous experiments by the use of other experimental equipment. The microorganisms that were retrieved from the Gemini 10 experiment package did not survive. However, the same kinds of specimens inside the package had good survival rates. Upon initial analysis, it appeared that the closed-cover shielding was a contributing factor in the protection and survival of the microorganisms.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 303-312
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    Experiment M405: Tri-axis flux gate magnetometer (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A tri-axis flux-gate magnetometer was used on four Gemini spacecraft for determination of the magnitude and direction of the local geomagnetic field with respect to the spacecraft. Conclusions derived from the data are not only important to the proton-electron spectrometer experiment, but also are of significance to any directional charged particle experiments that may be conducted. Even though the Gemini spacecraft was not clean magnetically, the data could be reduced to a form that supplied directional information on the magnetic field in relation to the spacecraft. Stray fields were the result of spacecraft structure, not the result of current flows that were produced within the spacecraft electrical systems. Efforts were made to reduce spacecraft stray fields and to facilitate the acquisition of more accurate data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 153-168
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    Experiment S029: Earth-Moon libration regions photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Eleven photographs were taken of the L sub 4 earth-moon libration region during the Gemini 12 mission. The objective was to investigate the possible existence of clouds or particles of dust orbiting the earth in the L sub 4 region by the use of photographic techniques. No identifiable data were found in the first sequence of five photographs. Star field images could be recognized in two photographs of the second sequence of pictures. A light flare, of unknown source but possibly caused by light refraction from the window of the spacecraft, was recorded in both pictures. A reconstructed star field region (as photographed) is shown Isodensitraces of the two recognizable star fields were made; however, no conclusive results were obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 71-75
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    Experiment S001: Zodiacal Light Photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Observations made during the Gemini 5, 9, and 10 missions in the context of their relation to ground-based and balloon-based experiments on dim-light phenomena are reported. Zodiacal light is the visible manifestation of dust grains in orbit around the sun. The negatives that were exposed on the Gemini 9 mission were studied by the use of an isodensitracer to produce intensity isophotes. Data on the following factors were obtained: (1) intensity distribution of the zodiacal light, both morning and evening; (2) the height and intensity of the airglow at various geographic positions; and (3) intensity distribution of the Milky Way in the region of the sky near Cygnus. Also, a previously unreported phenomenon was discovered. This phenomenon appeared as an upward extension of the normal 90-kilometer airglow layer. The extension was in the form of wisps or plumes approximately 5 deg wide and extending upward approximately 5 deg. The results obtained from pictures exposed on the Gemini 10 mission were of qualitative or geometrical value only.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 3-16
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    Inversion of very large matrices encountered in large scale problems of photogrammetry and photographic astrometry (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The simultaneous adjustment of very large nets of overlapping plates covering the celestial sphere becomes computationally feasible by virtue of a twofold process that generates a system of normal equations having a bordered-banded coefficient matrix, and solves such a system in a highly efficient manner. Numerical results suggest that when a well constructed spherical net is subjected to a rigorous, simultaneous adjustment, the exercise of independently established control points is neither required for determinancy nor for production of accurate results.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 249-267
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    Recent progress on the Yale zone catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The measurement or reduction of stars in southern zones is reported. The catalog for the -35 deg to -40 deg zone is rapidly nearing completion. All the reductions and comparisons with other catalogs have been completed. The tables and star charts are being prepared in final form for publication.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 173-180
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    Comparison of the SAO and AGK3R star catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The SAO star catalog positions from the GC and the AGK2 and Yale photographic catalogs are compared with the AGK3R catalog. Both catalogs are alleged to be on the system of the FK4. When the differences are considered as accidental errors, the mean errors deduced for positions from the SAO at the epoch 1958.5 range from 0.61 seconds to 0.25 seconds. The systematic differences in right ascension between SAO and AGK3R positions to the north of 60 deg declination indicate that each SAO source represents the FK4 somewhat differently than the AGK3R.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 181-190
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    A semi-automatic measuring machine (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A machine designed to locate automatically a star image on a photographic plate from approximate coordinates on a punched card and to measure and record its position to a micron is described. The main frame of the machine is of granite, as are the x and y coordinate carriages which move on air bearings against granite ways. The system is capable of making measurements continuously over a 10 x 10 inch range by means of a Ferranti moire fringe system, with a least count of one micron.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 49-54
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    The Lick-Gaertner automatic measuring system (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Lick-Gaertner automatic equipment has been designed mainly for the measurement of stellar proper motions with reference to galaxies, and consists of two main components: the survey machine and the automatic measuring engine. The survey machine is used for initial inspection and selection of objects for subsequent measurement. Two plates, up to 17 x 17 inches each, are surveyed simultaneously by means of projection on a screen. The approximate positions of objects selected are measured by two optical screws: helical lines cut through an aluminum coating on glass cylinders. These approximate coordinates to a precision of the order of 0.03mm are transmitted to a card punch by encoders connected with the cylinders.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Photo. Astrometric Technique; p 33-48
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    The origin and goals of the automated stellar proper motion survey (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The historical background of the automation of the stellar proper motion survey is traced from its beginnings to the taking of the series of plates with the 48 inch Schmidt telescope at Mount Palomar covering 77% of the sky with 936 plates. The design goal for the automation is the documentation of the proper motions of stars from tenth through twentieth red magnitude. A typical scanning time for a pair of 14 inch star plates is projected to be about 45 minutes with the total processing time estimated at between one and two years for the complete set of plates.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 1-3
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    Anchoring spacecraft to planets (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: For planet tracking, the immense mass relative to applied nongravitational forces (for even the smaller asteroids) removes limitations on the ability to model orbital motion mathematically. A lander on a natural satellite (other than the moon) would not suffer from nongravitational effects, and would further have a large mean motion, which is important for observing gravitational effects. The tracking of a Mars lander over a long period would yield conclusions in the areas of relativity (determination of the parameter beta), the inertial framework, Mars' internal structure (based on the polar moment), and Mars' physical ephemeris.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 244-248
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    ESRO study program for a space experiment on gravitation theories (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: ESRO is considering a space experiment which is the definition phase. A more complete utilization of space techniques, leading to highly accurate acceleration measurements in a heliocentric spacecraft, together with an improved laser signal propagation method (using a space-borne atomic clock), could substantially increase the validity of the gravitational time delay test during solar conjunction. Preliminary investigations of the primary required techniques were carried out. These studies included an orbit analysis, investigation of drag-free techniques, and studies of the time measuring instrument. These studies were used to define the framework of a space experiment on gravitation theories. A preliminary feasibility study of the mission is being undertaken.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 236-241
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    Radio tracking with the Deep Space Network (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Range and Doppler measurements for the Mariner 6 and 7 spacecraft are described. The Doppler tracking system and the two systems of spacecraft ranging apparatus being used in the Deep Space Network are illustrated. Charged particle calibration is considered. Equipment characteristics are presented for the ranging apparatus.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 158-165
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    Testing general relativity: Progress, problems, and prospects (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The results from ground-based experimental testing are presented. Prospects for improving these experiments are discussed. Radar echo time delays, perihelion advance and solar oblateness, time variation of the gravitational constant, and radio wave deflection are considered. Ground-based and spacecraft techniques are compared on an accuracy vs. cost basis.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 136-147
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    Experiment D012: Astronaut maneuvering unit (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: All astronaut maneuvering unit systems used during the Gemini 9 mission were in an acceptable condition for flight when the evaluation was terminated. Some difficulty was experienced with reception of the voice signal by the command pilot. All of the donning provisions are apparently practical in the orbital environment; however, the donning activities were more difficult to perform than had been experienced in the one-g and zero-g training exercises. Lighting was marginal because of the failure of one adapter floodlight and one penlight. The crewmembers reported a tendency for the extravehicular activity pilot and any loose equipment to move outward from the earth relative to the spacecraft. This tendency affected activities at a work station and maneuvering in an extravehicular environment.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 523-554
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    Experiment Do14: Ultrahigh and very high frequency polarization (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The measurement of inhomogeneities in the electron content along the orbital paths of Gemini 8 and Gemini 9 missions was not accomplished because the tracking information was not available. The use of ultrahigh frequency radio transmission was the primary factor in the successful removal of a very high frequency Faraday rotation ambiguity; but, as was expected, this was not very useful for fine-scale polarization studies. Ionosonde data were useful in the computation of the slab thickness at the closest point of approach of the spacecraft.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 487-507
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    Experiment S030: Dim sky photography/orthicon (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: During Gemini missions, the image orthicon system was used to obtain photographic data on faint and diffuse astronomical phenomena. Results show that the photographs may be used to determine the airglow geometry. Although it was sensitive, the original photographic system was unsuitable for use in the study of dim and diffuse astronomical light sources.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 445-454
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    Experiment S006: Synoptic weather photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A data gathering effort on a number of cloud systems is reported. On both manned and unmanned Mercury and Gemini 3 missions, a number of good pictures of cloud systems were obtained. Also, specific experiments were performed by the crewmembers in the Mercury missions. Those experiments involved some of the spectral reflectance characteristics of clouds, land, and water regions of the earth surface as viewed from outside the atmosphere. Pictures obtained on successive revolutions of a Gemini spacecraft were indicative of the changes in and the movements of clouds at approximately 90-min intervals at certain points beneath the track of the spacecraft. A series of such views explain the various meteorological phenomena.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 383-414
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  • 87
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    The overlap methods (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The different methods of reducing measurements on photographic plates by the overlap methods are compared. An attempt is made to distinguish the methods accepted by most astronomers from those not generally agreed upon and from those that are still being studied. Questions examined are: organization of future works, improvement of AGK2 and AGK3, and solutions for the astrographic catalog, as well as considerations of some empirical methods.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 219-240
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    Summation and critique (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A brief history of gravitational theory studies is presented. A discussion of the papers given at the conference follows. Possibilities for further study are noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 252-256
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  • 89
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    A low temperature gravitational radiation detector (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The beginning design of an experiment is discussed for studying gravitational radiation by using massive detectors which are cooled to ultralow temperatures in order to improve the signal to noise ratios and the effective range and stability of the detectors. The gravitational detector, a low detection system, a cooled detector, magnetic support, superconducting shielding, and superconducting accelerometer detector are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 38-40
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    Experiment D003: Mass determination (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The accuracy of a direct contact method with a spacecraft to determine the mass of an orbiting object was studied. The precedure involved acceleration of the Gemini Agena target vehicle by the use of the Gemini 9 spacecraft propulsion system. The target vehicle mass was calculated from the resultant acceleration, updated Gemini spacecraft mass, and calibrated thrust levels of the air-firing thrusters of the orbital attitude and maneuver system of the Gemini spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 555-559
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  • 91
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    Experiments D001, D002, and D006: Basic object, nearby object, and surface photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: On the Gemini 5 mission, acquisition and tracking was performed by the use of celestial bodies as aiming points. However, distant photography of the REP was not possible because of spacecraft electrical power difficulties which occurred after REP ejection. Terrestrial photography was accomplished within the limitations imposed by weather conditions and spacecraft electrical and thruster problems. The photographs that were obtained were significant only as an element of the data to be used in technique evaluation. The other data were time-correlated position and pointing information, atmospheric conditions, sun angle, exposure settings, and the flight logs and verbal comments of the crewmembers. The photographs shown are representative of those that facilitated evaluation of the acquisition and tracking techniques that were used in these three experiments.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 455-466
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    Tests of the equivalence principle and gravitation theory using solar system bodies (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The M sub g/M sub i ratio (ratio of body acceleration to gravitation field) of celestial bodies was measured. Deep probes of the post-Newtonian structure of gravitational theories are indicated. Kepler's third law is considered for the Sun-Jupiter system.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 32-37
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    Experiment S012: Micrometeorite collection (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The micrometeorite activity in a near-earth environment and the effect of the environment on microorganisms were studied by exposure of polished metal and plastic surfaces to the environment outside the Gemini spacecraft. Preliminary results are summarized as follows: (1) The cumulative influx rate in the size ranges from 10 to the minus 15th power to 10 to the minus 14th power gram was approximately 2 particles/ sq m/sec, as determined on the Gemini 12 mission; (2) The cumulative influx rate in the same mass range, as determined by the data from the Gemini 9 mission was almost 200 particles/ sq m/sec; and (3) The large particle cumulative influx rate was about 3 x 0.00001 particle/ sq m/sec, with a mass of the order of 10 to the minus 7th power gram. No living organisms could be found on the sterile collecting surfaces after recovery and handling.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 313-336
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    Electromagnetic compatibility design guideline for STADAN (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Procedures for achieving electromagnetic compatibility in electronic and electrical equipment for aerospace ground stations are investigated. The application of shielding theory to good design is treated and standards of good practice are outlined for bonding, grounding, wiring, and cabling. Some aspects of filter design are explained, and suggestions are given for the application of filters to electronic and electrical equipment.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Radio Freq. Interference Handbook; p 107-198
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  • 95
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    Experiment M410: Color patch photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A slate that supported four calibrated color targets was photographed during Gemini 10 mission extravehicular activity to determine if existing outdoor-type color films can reproduce colored objects accurately in the space environment. The experiment resulted in the acquisition of sufficient information to confirm that objects can be photographed in space with good color fidelity by the use of existing materials. Available color film is balanced to the solar spectrum in space, and the effect of ultraviolet energy on film degradation appears to be negligible.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 467-470
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    Experiment M412: Landmark contrast measurements (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objective was to measure the visual contrast of landmarks with the surroundings to determine the relative visibility of terrestrial landmarks from positions outside the atmosphere. Because of a malfunction of the photometer, no photometric data were obtained. A trial sighting run was performed in which a landmark on the western African coast was sighted, tracked through the nadir, and photographed. The telemetry record of the photograph was examined. Telemetry data were inconsistent with the known conditions of the landmark.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 77-80
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    Experiment S011: Airglow horizon photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The night airglow, which lies in a thin layer 70 to 100 kilometers above the earth, was studied. Although the surface brightness is low when observed through this layer from below, brightness of the airglow is augmented by a factor of approximately 35 when the airglow is viewed tangentially from the vantage point of the Gemini orbit. This augmentation phenomenon is an effective means of synoptic airglow study. The objective was to extend and refine the photographic method. The following techniques were used to achieve this goal: (1) The camera was equipped with a filter to photograph the two prominent line emissions at 5577 and 5893 A; (2) An illuminated camera sight and an aiming camera mount were used in an attempt to reduce the number of blurred photographs; (3) The number of photographs taken and the amount of the earth photographed were as large as possible; and (4) The photograph of the twilight horizon revealed a sunlit dayglow layer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nasa. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 17-36
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  • 98
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    Photographic astrometry and overlap reduction techniques (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Rigorous adjustment algorithms are discussed which extract hidden information contained in overlapping photographs of star fields. In particular, the development of adequate physical and statistical models is emphasized.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 209-218
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  • 99
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    Plate measurement techniques and reduction methods used by the West German satellite observers, and resulting consequences for the observation (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The West German tracking stations are equipped with ballistic cameras. Plate measurement and plate reduction must therefore follow photogrammetric methods. Approximately 100 star positions and 200 satellite positions are measured on each plate. The mathematical model for spatial rotation of the bundle of rays is extended by including terms for distortion and internal orientation of the camera as well as by providing terms for refraction which are computed for the measured coordinates of the star positions on the plate. From the measuring accuracy of the plate coordinates it follows that the timing accuracy for the exposures has to be about one millisecond, in order to obtain a homogeneous system.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 155-160
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    A lightweight bimetallic actuator for spacecraft thermal control (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The design, development, and construction of two types of active thermal-control systems are described. These designs are based on the controlled angular deflections of spiral-wound bimetallic actuators. The use of these actuators and lightweight louvers results in a frictionless system that is low in weight yet simple in design and low in cost. Both designs exhibit high reliability, good performance repeatability, and do not require power from the spacecraft. Design philosophy and implementation, design tradeoffs, and materials selection are reviewed. The test program is described, and results are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 165-170
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