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  • General Chemistry  (1,537)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (322)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (1,513)
  • 1960-1964  (656)
  • 1972  (1,513)
  • 1961  (656)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1970-1974  (1,513)
  • 1960-1964  (656)
Year
  • 1
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    Investigation of traveler acceptance factors in short haul air carrier operations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The development of a mathematical model for human reaction to variables involved in transportation systems is discussed. The techniques, activities, and results related to defining certain specific inputs to the model are presented. A general schematic diagram of the problem solution is developed. The application of the model to short haul air carrier operations is examined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 211-228
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  • 2
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    Ride quality research activities at NASA Langley Research Center (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Ride quality research to determine criteria to describe vehicle performance characteristics which will insure passenger comfort is discussed. The manner in which disciplines of vehicle environmental dynamics, structural dynamics, and electromechanical measurements are combined to define passenger environments is described. The activities of many governmental and private agencies in the field of passenger comfort are examined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 229-246
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  • 3
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    Miniature biotelemeter gives multichannel wideband biomedical data (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A miniature biotelemeter was developed for sensing and transmitting multiple channels of biomedical data over a radio link. The design of this miniature, 10-channel, wideband (5 kHz/channel), pulse amplitude modulation/ frequency modulation biotelemeter takes advantage of modern device technology (e.g., integrated circuit operational amplifiers, complementary symmetry/metal oxide semiconductor logic, and solid state switches) and hybrid packaging techniques. The telemeter is being used to monitor 10 channels of neuron firings from specific regions of the brain in rats implanted with chronic electrodes. Design, fabrication, and testing of an engineering model biotelemeter are described.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: JPL Quarterly Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 1; p 152-166
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  • 4
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    Factors influencing public acceptance of STOL noise (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The responses of people to special noise characteristics associated with short takeoff aircraft are discussed. The findings of studies which have yielded data that may be pertinent to community acceptance of short takeoff aircraft noise are presented. A three step program to evaluate public acceptance of short takeoff aircraft noise was conducted. The three steps were: (1) definition of short takeoff aircraft noise characteristics, (2) laboratory tests to evaluate individual responses, and (3) the use of community survey data to extrapolate conventional takeoff aircraft experience.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 353-365
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  • 5
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    Comparison of the sensitivity to rotation of pilots and nonpilots. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thirty-six airline pilots and 56 nonpilots were tested to determine their sensitivity to rotation. A staircase procedure was used to determine oculogyral illusion and perception of rotation thresholds, in a precision rotation device. The results indicated that (1) there were no significant differences between the two groups for either threshold measure, (2) the thresholds for the oculogyral illusion were significantly lower than the perception of rotation thresholds for both groups, and (3) changes in threshold as a function of age were minimal for 91 of the men. The validity and results of the tests are discussed with regard to the pilot's use of motion information in control tasks for aircraft and simulators.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Jan. 197
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  • 6
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    Passenger fluid volumes measured before and after a prolonged commercial jet flight. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Interstitial and intracellular fluid volumes were calculated from measured plasma volume, extracellular volume and total body water of six subjects before and after a 24-hour commercial overseas flight. No change occurred in these spaces or in peripheral hematocrit or total serum protein concentration. The subjective feeling of dehydration and the actual swelling of the lower extremities characteristically found among passengers at the end of a long trip of this type seems to represent a shift in body fluids to the dependent portions of the body rather than water retention or a decrease in the intravascular water volume.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Jan. 197
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  • 7
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    Contamination threats to critical surfaces from handling and storage practices. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the procedures and results of a program designed to remove the threat of sources of molecular and particulate contamination of critical optical, electrical, and mechanical elements in spacecraft. The results of recent contamination-probing thermal-vacuum tests indicate that some of the materials and practices commonly used to protect critical surfaces from molecular or particulate contamination can themselves represent significant threats. These contamination sources include clean-room and clean-tent materials, gloves, tissues, and covering or packaging materials. Mass and infrared spectral analyses of these materials and the environments and instruments exposed to them show that the contaminants are mostly plasticizers, slip or antistatic agents, and binders used in the manufacture of these products. Products of particular threat include vinyl gloves, boots, clean-tent walls, and some polyethylene sheets and bags. Techniques for reducing these threats are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 8
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    Physical examinations of workers exposed to trichlorotrifluoroethane. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A group of 50 workers, exposed for an average of 2.77 years in an environment, samples of which contained from 46 to 4700 ppm of trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113), was examined. There were no subjective complaints, other than one case of dryness of the skin, referable to this occupational exposure. At this time, it is our opinion that there is no evidence of adverse effects from exposure to trichlorotrifluoroethane under the conditions encountered by these personnel. We believe that continued, periodic, follow-up examinations of these workers will be helpful in further evaluating any possible long-range effects of this material.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Archives of Environmental Health; 24; Apr. 197
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  • 9
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    Biological experiments - The Viking Mars Lander. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: From the biological point of view, the Viking 1975 mission might be regarded as a test of the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis concerning the chemical evolution of living systems. Mars is a planet whose early history was probably similar to that of the earth and whose present environmental conditions may be compatible with the maintenance of living organisms. Thus, the biological experiments aboard the Viking I spacecraft are primarily concerned with the question of whether chemical evolution on Mars took place, and, if so, whether the process reached a level of complexity characteristic of replicating systems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Icarus; 16; Feb. 197
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  • 10
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    Effects of n-dominance and group composition on task efficiency in laboratory triads. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Task-oriented triads were formed into various homogeneous and heterogeneous combinations according to their scores on the n-dominance personality trait of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Five group categories were used. The group task required a consensus decision on each trial. High cooperation and interdependence were reinforced by partially restricting the communication network. Results showed heterogeneous groups significantly better at organizing their group communication processes. They consequently performed the task more efficiently than homogeneous triads.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Organizational Behavior and Human Performance; 7; Apr. 197
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  • 11
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    External auditory canal temperature as an estimate of core temperature. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurement of rectal (T sub re), auditory canal (T sub ac), positioned 8 to 10 mm from the tympanic membrane, and mean skin temperature (mean T sub sk) in five men during various exercise regimens at an ambient temperature (T sub a) of 25 C (phase one) and in two men during rest and exercise at 5, 15, 25, and 35 C T sub a (phase two). The purpose was to determine if T sub ac can be used as an accurate estimate of core temperature. Previous observations that T sub ac was highly correlated with T sub re but T sub ac was consistently lower than T sub re are confirmed; the mean difference varied from 0.4 C at rest to 1.1 C at the end of exercise. It is concluded that auditory canal temperature cannot be utilized as an estimate of core temperature, but T sub ac may be used to estimate mean body temperature where very accurate measurements are not required.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Feb. 197
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  • 12
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    Automatic surface inoculation of agar trays. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a machine and technique for the automatic inoculation of a plastic tray containing agar media with a culture, using either a conventional inoculation loop or a cotton swab. The design of the machine is simple, it is easy to use, and it relieves the operator from the manual task of streaking cultures. The described technique makes possible the visualization of the overall qualitative and, to some extent, quantitative relationships of various bacterial types in a sample tested.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 24; Nov. 197
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  • 13
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    Life detection systems. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some promising newer approaches for detecting microorganisms are discussed, giving particular attention to the integration of different methods into a single instrument. Life detection methods may be divided into biological, chemical, and cytological methods. Biological methods are based on the biological properties of assimilation, metabolism, and growth. Devices for the detection of organic materials are considered, taking into account an instrument which volatilizes, separates, and analyzes a sample sequentially. Other instrumental systems described make use of a microscope and the cytochemical staining principle.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 14
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    An integrated medical system for long-duration space missions. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description is given of the Integrated Medical and Behavioral Laboratory Measurement System (IMBLMS) being developed for onboard medical support of the crew and for medical research during space missions. The system is suitable for use during early extended space flights and for accommodating measurement and diagnostic apparatus as well as treatment and surgical facilities developed for later missions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Aug. 197
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  • 15
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    Spacecraft sterilization. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spacecraft sterilization is a vital factor in projects for the successful biological exploration of other planets. The microorganisms of major concern are the fungi and bacteria. Sterilization procedures are oriented toward the destruction of bacterial spores. Gaseous sterilants are examined, giving attention to formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone, ethylene oxide, and the chemistry of the bactericidal action of sterilants. Radiation has been seriously considered as another method for spacecraft sterilization. Dry heat sterilization is discussed together with the effects of ethylene oxide decontamination and dry heat sterilization on materials.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 16
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    Space food systems - Mercury through Apollo. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Major achievements which characterized the development of food systems used by American astronauts in manned space flight are reviewed throughout a period spanning the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs up to and including the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. Lists of food types are accompanied by information on packaging, storage, preparation, consumption, and quality of particular products. Experience gained from development efforts for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program is also discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 17
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    Habitability factors in a rotating space station. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Factors aiding man to adjust to the artificial gravity environment of a rotating space station in orbit are considered. From recent experiments reported by Newsom et al. (1966), it is known that, if man is taken stepwise into a rotating environment, he can adjust (without becoming ill) to spin rates above that required for maintaining an artificial gravity environment in a space station. Little or no data are available, and much work remains to be done in the area of prehabituation and the rate at which habituation is extinguished. At least three factors must be considered in the design of an artificial gravity space station, and these factors directly affect the degree of habitability of the space-station environment. The three factors are rotation rate, stability, and Coriolis force.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 18
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    The effects of various cure cycles upon the viability of Bacillus subtillis var. niger spores within solid propellant. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Saturethane solid propellant was used in all tests. The spore inoculum was evenly distributed in the propellant. Samples weighing approximately 5 g were aseptically removed, placed into curing ovens, and exposed to cure temperatures. Initial tests were conducted at 82 and 93 C. Analysis of the obtained data indicated that the survivor curves were not linear. Exposure of the inoculated propellant samples to 93 C reduced the initial population to less than 0.01% in about 20 hours. At 82 C, approximately 168 hours were required for a similar reduction. Tests involving curing temperatures of 105 and 115 C were also conducted. It is pointed out that changes in the mechanism of spore inactivation due to chemical and physical changes in the propellant could account for the nonlinear survivor curves obtained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 19
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    Simulation of the human cardiovascular system - A model with normal responses to change of posture, blood loss, transfusion, and autonomic blockade. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Simulation; 18; June 197
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  • 20
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    Past and future space flight experiments on man and their spin-off contribution to world health. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The manned space-flight program has created some requirements which were new to the practice of medicine. The remoteness of the patient made it necessary to provide sensing and transmitting capability for various physiologic functions. The space and weight penalties in a spacecraft required that such sensors and related equipment be miniaturized and of a noninterfering nature as far as the crewmen were concerned. The need for continually increasing flight durations created a requirement for a type of equipment reliability previously unknown to medicine. The requirement to protect the crewmen against the environment of space and provide a habitable spacecraft has produced a series of ground-based medical applications.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Astronautica Acta; 17; Apr. 197
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  • 21
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    Advanced research to qualify man for long term weightlessness. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: NASA is in the process of conducting a broad program of research and development of technology to qualify, support, and permit the successful use of man in long-term space flight. The technological tasks include human engineering, extravehicular engineering, life support, and human research to assess the effect of space stresses on human physiology and psychology. Various testing techniques that are being used may have future relevance to world health. These include a biocybernetic approach to the study of cardiovascular stresses, measurement of blood flow by means of the Doppler effect, and a device for simulating radiation dosages similar to those produced in solar flares. The planned program includes a study of both humans and animals.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Astronautica Acta; 17; Apr. 197
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  • 22
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    Electroadhesive devices for zero-g intra/extravehicular activities. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Initial studies of the electroadhesive phenomenon are shown to indicate that electroadhesors are potentially usable as zero-g assistive devices for a range of intra- and extravehicular activities in space missions. These uses generally are related to astronaut and cargo maneuvering, worksite restraint, and tool and equipment tiedown.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Apr. 197
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  • 23
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    Medical technology advances from space research (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Details of medical research and development programs, particularly an integrated medical laboratory, as derived from space technology are given. The program covers digital biotelemetry systems, automatic visual field mapping equipment, sponge electrode caps for clinical electroencephalograms, and advanced respiratory analysis equipment. The possibility of using the medical laboratory in ground based remote areas and regional health care facilities, as well as long duration space missions is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Space for Mankind's Benefit; p 237-244
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  • 24
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    Breathing metabolic simulator (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A description is given of an automatic computer controlled second generation breathing metabolic simulator (BMS). The simulator is used for evaluating and testing respiratory diagnostic, monitoring, support, and resuscitation equipment. Any desired sequence of metabolic activities can be simulated on the device for up to 15 hours. The computer monitors test procedures and provides printouts of test results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Space for Mankind's Benefit; p 231-235
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  • 25
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    Domestic applications for aerospace waste and water management technologies (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some of the aerospace developments in solid waste disposal and water purification, which are applicable to specific domestic problems are explored. Also provided is an overview of the management techniques used in defining the need, in utilizing the available tools, and in synthesizing a solution. Specifically, several water recovery processes will be compared for domestic applicability. Examples are filtration, distillation, catalytic oxidation, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis. Solid disposal methods will be discussed, including chemical treatment, drying, incineration, and wet oxidation. The latest developments in reducing household water requirements and some concepts for reusing water will be outlined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Space for Mankind's Benefit; p 221-230
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  • 26
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    An altitude chamber rescue ensemble (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Altitude chamber tests accomplished with the astronaut crews in the spacecraft at a simulated altitude of above 200,000 ft requires that a rescue team be provided in the event of an accident in the spacecraft. The rescue crew is stationed in an airlock maintained at an altitude of 18,000 ft. A protective ensemble provides the rescue crew with life support capabilities, communications, and protection in the event of an emergency. In the event of an emergency, repressurization of the chamber is initiated; as the chamber descends, the airlock ascends and the two meet at 25,000 ft. This phase of the emergency repressurization takes less than 30 sec.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 351-358
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  • 27
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    An emergency survival suit (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A thermally insulative inflatable garment designed specifically as a lightweight low storage volume emergency suit for subzero weather survival is reported. Testing confirms that the inflatable suit design satisfies the objectives for a subject standing at rest with environmental temperatures down to -450 F if the garment is inflated with Freon.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 347-350
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  • 28
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    Catalyzed sodium chlorate candles (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The catalytic effect of cobalt powder on chlorate decomposition has been confirmed. Catalysis is enhanced by oxidation of the metal during burning. Catalysts other than cobalt compounds should also be effective; the complete elimination of fuel has shown that the oxidation of cobalt during decomposition is not a vital factor in the improved performance of catalyzed candles.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 335-345
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  • 29
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    Influence of facemask design on operational performance (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Spirometric measurements of oxygen volume and determination of the amount of argon in exhaled breath are used to analyze facemask design efficiency during treadmill walking tests with subjects carrying plastic hoods filled with argon. Facemask leakage measurements established the better performance of a pneumatic seal type mask in comparison with plain seal type masks.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems p325-333 (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 30
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    Breathing metabolic simulator (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a breathing metabolic simulator (BMS) is reported. This BMS simulates all of the breathing and metabolic parameters required for complete evaluation and test of life support and resuscitation equipment. It is also useful for calibrating and validating mechanical and gaseous pulmonary function test procedures. Breathing rate, breathing depth, breath velocity contour, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide release are all variable over wide ranges simulating conditions from sleep to hard work with respiratory exchange ratios covering the range from hypoventilation. In addition, all of these parameters are remotely controllable to facilitate use of the device in hostile or remote environments. The exhaled breath is also maintained at body temperature and a high humidity. The simulation is accurate to the extent of having a variable functional residual capacity independent of other parameters.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 315-324
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  • 31
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    Respiratory protective device design using control system techniques (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The feasibility of a control system analysis approach to provide a design base for respiratory protective devices is considered. A system design approach requires that all functions and components of the system be mathematically identified in a model of the RPD. The mathematical notations describe the operation of the components as closely as possible. The individual component mathematical descriptions are then combined to describe the complete RPD. Finally, analysis of the mathematical notation by control system theory is used to derive compensating component values that force the system to operate in a stable and predictable manner.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 305-314
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  • 32
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    Effect of neck warming and cooling on thermal comfort (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The potential use of local neck cooling in an area superficial to the cerebral arteries was evaluated by circulating cold or hot water through two copper disks held firmly against the neck. Subjective responses indicated that neck cooling improves the thermal comfort in a hot environment.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 289-294
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  • 33
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    Tolerance to external breathing resistance with particular reference to high inspiratory resistance (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The ability of men to exercise while breathing through graded inspiratory resistances was studied in order to define acceptable respiratory mouthpiece assembly standards. Experimental results with subjects wearing breathing masks and walking for 30 min on treadmills were used to calculate expiratory work rates. It is concluded that the airflow must be appropriate to the upper limit of minute ventilation likely to be encountered in the men wearing the apparatus.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 295-303
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  • 34
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    A liquid cooled garment temperature controller based on sweat rate (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An automatic controller for liquid cooled space suits is reported that utilizes human sweat rate as the primary input signal. The controller is so designed that the coolant inlet temperature is inversely proportional to the subject's latent heat loss as evidenced by evaporative water loss.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 283-287
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  • 35
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    Portable life support for instrumentation of an offshore platform (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A compressor was used to supply air through a nylon hose to the offshore platform field engineer working at the bottom of the piling. Air quality in the pile was sampled periodically for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and combustible gases by an universal tester and an explosion meter.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 257-264
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    Potential techniques and development activities in diver suit heating (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A prototype compact reactor suitable for combustion of propane with oxygen under shallow as well as submerged deep submergence diving conditions is reported. The device is used to heat the circulating water in a water tube-type diving suit.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 247-256
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  • 37
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    A flight-rated liquid-cooled garment for use within a full-pressure suit (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A flight rated liquid cooled garment system for use inside a full pressure suit has been designed, fabricated, and tested. High temperature tests with this system have indicated that heat is absorbed at a rate decreasing from 224 kg-cal/hr to 143 kg-cal/hr over a 40-min period. The first 30 min are very comfortable; thereafter a gradual heat load builds that results in mild sweating at the end of the 40-min period. In flight tests during hot weather when this cooling system was worn under a regulation flight suit, the pilot reported that temperatures were comfortable and that the garment prevented sweating.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 38
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    Thermal protection of divers (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Various diving suit-heating element combinations are evaluated in an effort to achieve a diving capability to depths of 1000 ft in water temperatures down to 29 F. Wet suits, dry suits and suits made of incompressible material are reported, and suit heat replacement by circulation of hot water with heating by cemented electrical elements is described.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems p229-235 (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 39
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    Operation and testing of Mark 10 Mod 3 underwater breathing apparatus (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Performance tests on a closed circuit, mixed gas underwater breathing apparatus are reported. The equipment is designed to provide a minimum diving duration of four hours at 1500 ft below sea surface; it senses oxygen partial pressure in the breathing gas mix and controls oxygen content of the breathing gas within narrow limits about a preset value. The breathing circuit subsystem provides respirable gas to the diver and removes carbon dioxide and moisture from the expired gas. Test results indicate undesirable variations in oxygen partial pressure with oxygen addition and insufficient carbon dioxide absorption.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 40
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    Advanced deep sea diving equipment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Design requirements are generated for a deep sea heavy duty diving system to equip salvage divers with equipment and tools that permit work of the same quality and in times approaching that done on the surface. The system consists of a helmet, a recirculator for removing carbon dioxide, and the diver's dress. The diver controls the inlet flow by the recirculatory control valve and is able to change closed cycle operation to open cycle if malfunction occurs. Proper function of the scrubber in the recirculator minimizes temperature and humidity effects as it filters the returning air.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 203-216
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  • 41
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    Skylab astronaut life support assembly (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A comparative study was performed to define an optimum portable life support system for suited operations inside and outside the Skylab Program. Emphasis was placed on utilization of qualified equipment, modified versions of qualified equipment, and new systems made up to state-of-the-art components. Outlined are the mission constraints, operational modes, and evaluation ground rules by which the Skylab portable life support system was selected and the resulting design.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 183-201
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  • 42
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    A portable life support system for use in mines (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The portable life support system described in this paper represents a potential increase in the probability of survival for miners who are trapped underground by a fire or explosion. The habitability and life support capability of the prototype shelter have proved excellent. Development of survival chamber life support systems for wide use in coal mines is definitely within the capabilities of current technology.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 159-166
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  • 43
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    Regenerable thermal control and carbon dioxide control techniques for use in advanced extravehicular protective systems (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The most promising closed CO2 control concept identified by this study is the solid pellet, Mg(OH2)2 system. Two promising approaches to closed thermal control were identified. The AHS system uses modular fusible heat sinks, with a contingency evaporative mode, to allow maximum EVA mobility. The AHS/refrigerator top-off subsystem requires an umbilical to minimize expendables, but less EVA time is used to operate the system, since there is no requirement to change modules. Both of these subsystems are thought to be practical solutions to the problem of providing closed heat rejection for an EVA system.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 139-157
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  • 44
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    Advanced extravehicular protective systems (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: New technologies are identified and recommended for developing a regenerative portable life support system that provides protection for extravehicular human activities during long duration missions on orbiting space stations, potential lunar bases, and possible Mars landings. Parametric subsystems analyses consider: thermal control, carbon dioxide control, oxygen supply, power supply, contaminant control, humidity control, prime movers, and automatic temperature control.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 101-137
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  • 45
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    A chlorate candle/lithium hydroxide personal breathing apparatus (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A portable coal mine rescue and survival equipment is reported that consists of a chlorate candle with a lithium hydroxide carbon-dioxide absorbent for oxygen generation, a breathing bag and tubing to conduct breathing to and from the man. A plastic hood incorporating a mouth piece for communication provides also eye protection and prevents inhalation through the nose. Manned testing of a prototype system demonstrated the feasibility of this closed circuit no-maintenance breathing apparatus that provides for good voice communication.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 81-99
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  • 46
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    Apollo portable life support system performance report (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The performance of the Apollo portable life support system (PLSS) on actual lunar missions is discussed. Both subjective comments by the crewmen and recorded telemetry data are evaluated although emphasis is on the telemetry data. Because the most important information yielded by the PLSS deals with determination of crewman metabolic rates, these data and their interpretation are explained in detail. System requirements are compared with actual performance, and the effect of performance margins on mission planning are described. Mission preparation testing is described to demonstrate how the mission readiness of the PLSS and the crewmen in verified, and to show how the PLSS and the crewmen are calibrated for mission evaluation.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 49-67
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  • 47
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    Navy-developed life support systems for fully enclosed protective suits (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development and performance of an environmental control unit capable of supporting a man in an impermeable suit at ambient temperatures up to 140 F for periods of up to two hrs is reported. The basic suit operation consists of cooling by wet ice contained in a suitcase. The system is designed to circulate and cool the air within the suit, to remove excess moisture and carbon dioxide, and to maintain a safe oxygen level.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems p69-80 (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 48
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    Apollo PLSS: Environmental control of the smallest manned space vehicle (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The production of a portable life support system (PLSS) and associated backup equipment for supporting an astronaut working outside of the lunar module (LM) either in space or on the lunar surface is reported. Described are the system, the philosophy behind its design, basic requirements imposed on the system, and some of the evolutionary processes that led to the present configuration.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 31-48
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  • 49
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    Design considerations for divers' breathing gas systems (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some of the design methods used to establish the gas storage, mixing, and transfer requirements for existing deep dive systems are discussed. Gas mixing systems appear essential to provide the low oxygen concentration mixtures within the converging tolerance range dictated by applications to increasing depths. Time related use of gas together with the performance of the gas transfer system insures a reasonable time frame for systems application.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 5-30
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  • 50
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    Portable breathing apparatus for coal mines (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The state of the art in portable oxygen breathing equipment is reported. Considered are self-containing as well as chemically generating oxygen sources and their effectiveness and limitations in mine rescue operations.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 1-4
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  • 51
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    The heart sound preprocessor (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Technology developed for signal and data processing was applied to diagnostic techniques in the area of phonocardiography (pcg), the graphic recording of the sounds of the heart generated by the functioning of the aortic and ventricular valves. The relatively broad bandwidth of the PCG signal (20 to 2000 Hz) was reduced to less than 100 Hz by the use of a heart sound envelope. The process involves full-wave rectification of the PCG signal, envelope detection of the rectified wave, and low pass filtering of the resultant envelope.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., GSFC, 1970; p 193-195
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  • 52
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    Automated detection of bacteria in urine (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A method for detecting the presence of bacteria in urine was developed which utilizes the bioluminescent reaction of adenosine triphosphate with luciferin and luciferase derived from the tails of fireflies. The method was derived from work on extraterrestrial life detection. A device was developed which completely automates the assay process.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., GSFC, 1970; p 188-192
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  • 53
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    Human factors in long-duration space flight (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study, covering the behavioral, psychological, physiological, and medical factors of long duration manned space flight, is presented. An attempt was made to identify and resolve major obstacles and unknowns associated with such a flight. The costs and maintenance of the spacecraft system are also explored.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-125826 , LC-70-189063
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  • 54
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    Physiological and engineering study of advanced thermoregulatory systems for extravehicular space suits (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Investigations of thermal control for extravehicular space suits are reported. The characteristics of independent cooling of temperature and removal of excess heat from separate regions of the body, and the applications of heat pipes in protective suits are discussed along with modeling of the human thermal system.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-130811 , ME-FR-400
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  • 55
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    Simulation of a steady-state integrated human thermal system. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The mathematical model of an integrated human thermal system is formulated. The system consists of an external thermal regulation device on the human body. The purpose of the device (a network of cooling tubes held in contact with the surface of the skin) is to maintain the human body in a state of thermoneutrality. The device is controlled by varying the inlet coolant temperature and coolant mass flow rate. The differential equations of the model are approximated by a set of algebraic equations which result from the application of the explicit forward finite difference method to the differential equations. The integrated human thermal system is simulated for a variety of combinations of the inlet coolant temperature, coolant mass flow rate, and metabolic rates.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Computers in Biology and Medicine; 2; 1972
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  • 56
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    Protection Against Hearing Loss in General Aviation Operations, Phase II (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An inflight evaluation of four aural protectors is presented. The hearing protection devices studied were ear muffs, plastic ear plugs, rubber ear plugs, and wax ear plugs. It is concluded that ear plugs are satisfactory for providing adequate sound attenuation in general aviation aircraft. However, two problems were found in the use of ear plugs; comfort and interference with cabin communications.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-133303
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  • 57
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    The diluter-demand oxygen system used during the international Himalayan expedition to Mount Everest. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The diluter-demand regulators are designed in such a way that as the individual inspires he simultaneously draws ambient air and pure oxygen from a tank into his mask. The size of the ambient air orifice is made directly proportional to the barometric pressure by use of a passive aneroid valve. As altitude increases the ambient air orifice is automatically made smaller and the individual inspires a greater proportion of oxygen.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: American Alpine Journal; 18; 1972
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  • 58
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    Estimation of the passing of four consecutive hours. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the AM and PM (9 to 1) males and females gave estimates of the hourly passing of time for 4 hr. There were no differences between sexes or AM/PM estimates. The group was less than 1 min off after an hour and 12 min off after 4 hr. There was a wide range of individual differences. One-fourth of the subjects were within an error of 10 min after 4 hr whereas another one-fourth were off more than 50 min. The accuracy of estimates was about equal to accuracy of awakening from sleep to randomly chosen awakening times.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Perceptual and Motor Skills; 35; Dec. 197
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  • 59
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    Evaluation of spacecraft toxic gas removal agents (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of the decomposition of various compounds adsorbed on charcoal was made, with a view toward providing a critical appraisal of previous data from charcoal adsorption studies. It was found that thermal decomposition occurs at temperature lower than previously suspected during the charcoal stripping process. A discussion is presented dealing with the various types of reactions found. A rough, quantitative scheme for correcting previous analytical results is developed and presented.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134013 , REPT-3005-F
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  • 60
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    Nonlinear and Digital Man-machine Control Systems Modeling (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An adaptive modeling technique is examined by which controllers can be synthesized to provide corrective dynamics to a human operator's mathematical model in closed loop control systems. The technique utilizes a class of Liapunov functions formulated for this purpose, Liapunov's stability criterion and a model-reference system configuration. The Liapunov function is formulated to posses variable characteristics to take into consideration the identification dynamics. The time derivative of the Liapunov function generate the identification and control laws for the mathematical model system. These laws permit the realization of a controller which updates the human operator's mathematical model parameters so that model and human operator produce the same response when subjected to the same stimulus. A very useful feature is the development of a digital computer program which is easily implemented and modified concurrent with experimentation. The program permits the modeling process to interact with the experimentation process in a mutually beneficial way.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-132294 , FR-72-447-01
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  • 61
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    Application of frequency discrimination technique to the analysis of electroencephalographic signals (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A frequency discrimination technique is realized by an inexpensive frequency discriminator for direct on-line measurement of the entrainment phenomenon in EEG as entrained by the frequency of a sensory stimulus. The use of this device for detecting the presence or absence of the stimulus effect and the measurement of the time delays in the entrainment is demonstrated. The EEG signal is first filtered by a narrow-band filter with center frequency about the alpha-rhythm of the individual. It is then reasonable to consider the alpha signal as narrow-band random process with the alpha frequency f sub alpha as the mean frequency of the spectral band.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-129173
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  • 62
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    Study of astronaut restraints and mobility aids in a weightless shirtsleeve environment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study, established to produce needed information about manual performance limits in intravehicular weightlessness such as the motions induced by the astronaut's direct application of force against the body of the vehicle or an object to be moved, is presented. Using both conventional and water immersion techniques, it was possible to develop realistic time estimates for astronaut station-to-station translation in Skylab, to simulate and analyze specific Skylab tasks involving force application and motion dynamics, and to evaluate certain thresholds of force application in weightlessness. The study was divided into three tasks. The first related to locomotion and verification or modification of present Skylab translation timelines. In all cases, translation times were less than the Skylab timelines indicated. The second task studied mass handling and transfer. Specifically, this involved measurement of the astronaut's ability to relocate the Skylab food lockers to stowage levels of three different heights and his ability to transfer the M509 PSS bottles between the OWS and the recharge station. The third task helped define the physical limits of man's ability to perform Skylab translation tasks under weightless conditions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-128590 , PRL-339
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  • 63
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    Analysis of a display and control system man-machine interface concept. Volume 2: Appendices A and B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see .
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-128577 , C71-999/401-VOL-2
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  • 64
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    Use of implantable telemetry systems for study of cardiovascular phenomena. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Preliminary observations of cardiovascular function have been made in four chimpanzees using multichannel implantable units. Measurements of right- and left-sided pressures were periodically made in these animals over a four-month period, including continuous observations for selected 24-hour periods. Pressures recorded with animals in an awake, unanesthetized, unrestrained state were much lower than pressures reported for restrained animals in similar situations. Diurnal variations of pressure tended to occur, but were not as clear-cut as those reported to occur for humans. The ability to implant a transmitter chronically and receive useful multichannel information in the chimpanzee encourages the future use of such implant devices as part of the control system for an artificial heart or directly for use in man.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Circulation Research; 31; Sept
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  • 65
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    Fluorescence activated cell sorting. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An instrument has been developed for sorting biological cells. The cells are rendered differentially fluorescent and incorporated into a small liquid stream illuminated by a laser beam. The cells pass sequentially through the beam, and fluorescent light from the cells gives rise to electrical signals. The stream is broken into a series of uniform size drops downstream of the laser. The cell signals are used to give appropriate electrostatic charges to drops containing the cells. The drops then pass between two charged plates and are deflected to appropriate containers. The system has proved capable of providing fractions containing large numbers of viable cells highly enriched in a particular functional type.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 66
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    Cardiovascular system simulation in biomedical engineering education. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Use of complex cardiovascular system models, in conjunction with a large hybrid computer, in biomedical engineering courses. A cardiovascular blood pressure-flow model, driving a compartment model for the study of dye transport, was set up on the computer for use as a laboratory exercise by students who did not have the computer experience or skill to be able to easily set up such a simulation involving some 27 differential equations running at 'real time' rate. The students were given detailed instructions regarding the model, and were then able to study effects such as those due to septal and valve defects upon the pressure, flow, and dye dilution curves. The success of this experiment in the use of involved models in engineering courses was such that it seems that this type of laboratory exercise might be considered for use in physiology courses as an adjunct to animal experiments.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-19; Mar. 197
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  • 67
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    Importance of the splanchnic vascular bed in human blood pressure regulation. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three-part experiment in which five subjects were exposed to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -50 mm Hg below the iliac crests. Duration of LBNP to earliest vagal symptoms was 7 to 21 min; all data are expressed as changes from control period to the last measurements before these symptoms. In part I, forearm blood flow (by Whitney gauge) fell 45% during LBNP. In part II, splanchnic blood flow (from arterial clearance hepatic extraction of indocyanine green) fell 32% and splanchnic vascular resistance rose 30%. In part III, cardiac output fell 28%, stroke volume 51%, and central blood volume 21%. Total peripheral resistance and heart rate rose 19% and 52%. Of the reduction in total vascular conductance, decreased splanchnic conductance accounted for approximately 33%; skin plus muscle conductance decreased similarly.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Feb. 197
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  • 68
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    Effects of continuous exposure to high gravity on gravity preference in rats. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Rats were chronically centrifuged in excess of 2.0 g for 6 or 12 mo. They were given four 24-hr gravity-preference tests in a spiral centrifuge in which they could adjust the gravity level imposed by locomoting inward or outward radially along a track. Chronically centrifuged rats (Group CC) spent as much time at 2.0 g as at 1.0 g while normally raised controls (Group NC) selecdonly 1.0 g. Group CC initially selected 2.0 g and a preference for 1.0 g developed over the four test sessions. These results suggest that hypergravity is not necessarily an aversive stimulus and that gravity preference may depend initially upon the reference level involved. The ultimate selection of 1.0 g by chronically centrifuged animals suggests that a preference for a familiar gravity environment is replaced by a preference for low-gravity stimuli.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology; 78; Feb. 197
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  • 69
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    Impaired motion detection preceding smooth eye movements. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experiments have been carried out that suggest that the observed psychophysical impairment of motion detection in man may not occur equally over the entire visual field. Instead, if impaired motion detection is a consequence of redirection of 'attention' to another portion of the visual field, then movement detection may be impaired the most in the fovea and the least in the region of the subsequent target.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Vision Research; 12; Feb. 197
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    Feasibility demonstration of a hyperfiltration technique to reclaim shower wastewater at elevated temperatures (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A feasibility demonstration of a hyperfiltration technique to determine its capability to reclaim shower wastewater at elevated temperature was conducted. Approximately twenty (20) gallons of typical shower water were processed through a dynamically formed membrane at a temperature of 167 F. Chemical and bacterial analyses of the product water are presented which show compliance with all potable water requirements established for extended manned space missions. In addition, subsystem characteristics and capabilities are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-112127
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    Experimental investigation of the visual field dependency in the erect and supine positions (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The increasing utilization of simulators in many fields, in addition to aeronautics and space, requires the efficient use of these devices. It seemed that personnel highly influenced by the visual scene would make desirable subjects, particularly for those simulators without sufficient motion cues. In order to evaluate this concept, some measure of the degree of influence of the visual field on the subject in necessary. As part of this undertaking, 37 male and female subjects, including eight test pilots, were tested for their visual field dependency or independency. A version of Witkin's rod and frame apparatus was used for the tests. The results showed that nearly all the test subjects exhibited some degree of field dependency, the degree varying from very high field dependency to nearly zero field dependency in a normal distribution. The results for the test pilots were scattered throughout a range similar to the results for the bulk of male subjects. The few female subjects exhibited a higher field dependency than the male subjects. The male subjects exhibited a greater field dependency in the supine position than in the erect position, whereas the field dependency of the female subjects changed only slightly.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TN-D-6883 , L-8315
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    The visual standards for the selection and retention of astronauts, part 2 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In preparation for the various studies planned for assessing visual capabilities and tasks in order to set vision standards for astronauts, the following pieces of equipment have been assembled and tested: a spectacle obstruction measuring device, a biometric glare susceptibility tester, a variable vergence amplitude testing device, an eye movement recorder, a lunar illumination simulation chamber, a night myopia testing apparatus, and retinal adaption measuring devices.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-115763
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    Preliminary design study of a regenerative life support system information management and display system (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The instrumentation requirements for a regenerative life support systems were studied to provide the earliest possible indication of a malfunction that will permit degradation of the environment. Four categories of parameters were investigated: environmental parameters that directly and immediately influence the health and safety of the cabin crew; subsystems' inputs to the cabin that directly maintain the cabin environmental parameters; indications for maintenance or repair; and parameters useful as diagnostic indicators. A data averager concept is introduced which provides a moving average of parameter values that is not influenced by spurious changes, and is convenient for detecting parameter rates of change. A system is included to provide alarms at preselected parameter levels.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-112105
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    Simulated indoor sonic booms judged relative to noise from subsonic aircraft (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Judgment tests were conducted in which subjects equated the subjective unwantedness or noisiness of simulated indoor sonic booms with the flyover noise of a subsonic jet aircraft as heard indoors. It was found that the spectral content of the booms, as affected by changes in the rise time of the booms, influenced the relative subjective noisiness of the booms in a way predictable from certain physical measures of Max and EPNL. However, a correction factor is required for predicting from physical measures the subjective noisiness of sonic booms when compared to nonimpulsive subsonic aircraft flyover noise measured in the same physical units. It appears that a somewhat different correction value is required for booms heard outdoors than when heard indoors.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2106
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    The methods of paired comparisons and magnitude estimation in judging the noisiness of aircraft (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The point of subjective equality in regard to perceived noisiness for each of 14 pairs of aircraft noises was obtained using both magnitude estimation technique and the method of paired comparisons. Both methods gave approximately the same estimates of the points of subjective equality for the noise pairs, and both showed similar correspondence to predictive physical measures. Nevertheless, the two methods appear to have greater face validity to the listeners. However, the magnitude estimation technique appears to be more efficient; for a given level of reliability it requires approximately 50% of the testing time required by the paired comparison method. The functions relating physical intensity to the estimated magnitude of subjective noisiness had slopes ranging from about .61 to .29 for the aircraft noises employed in this study, indicating a required change of about 5 to 10 db for a doubling in subjective magnitude. Some physical units of noise measurement were found to be very predictive (standard errors of estimate as low as 1.9 db) of the subjective judgements of noisiness.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2107
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    Research program for experiment M133 (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of the automatic data-acquisition and sleep-analysis system is reported. The purpose was consultation and evaluation in the transition of the Skylab M133 Sleep-Monitoring Experiment equipment from prototype of flight status; review of problems associated with acquisition and on-line display of data in near-real time via spacecraft telemetry; and development of laboratory facilities and design of equipment to assure reliable playback and analysis of analog data. The existing prototype system modified, and the changes improve the performance of the analysis circuitry and increase its reliability. These modifications are useful for pre- and postflight analysis, but are not now proposed for the inflight system. There were improvements in the EEG recording cap, some of which will be incorporated into the flight hardware.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-115745
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    Perceived noisiness under anechoic, semi-reverberant and earphone listening conditions (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Magnitude estimates by each of 31 listeners were obtained for a variety of noise sources under three methods of stimuli presentation: loudspeaker presentation in an anechoic chamber, loudspeaker presentation in a normal semi-reverberant room, and earphone presentation. Comparability of ratings obtained in these environments were evaluated with respect to predictability of ratings from physical measures, reliability of ratings, and to the scale values assigned to various noise stimuli. Acoustic environment was found to have little effect upon physical predictive measures and ratings of perceived noisiness were little affected by the acoustic environment in which they were obtained. The need for further study of possible differing interactions between judged noisiness of steady state sound and the methods of magnitude estimation and paired comparisons is indicated by the finding that in these tests the subjects, though instructed otherwise, apparently judged the maximum rather than the effective magnitude of steady-state noises.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2108
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    Human strength simulations for one and two-handed tasks in zero gravity (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A description is given of a three dimensional hand force capability model for the seated operator and a biomechanical model for analysis of symmetric sagittal plane activities. The models are used to simulate and study human strengths for one and two handed tasks in zero gravity. Specific conditions considered include: (1) one hand active, (2) both hands active but with different force directions on each, (3) body bracing situations provided by portable foot restraint when standing and lap belt when seated, (4) static or slow movement tasks with maximum length of 4 seconds and a minimum rest of 5 minutes between exertions, and (5) wide range of hand positions relative to either the feet or bisection of a line connecting the hip centers. Simulations were also made for shirt sleeved individuals and for the male population strengths with anthropometry matching that of astronauts.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-115744
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    Conceptual design study of a six-man solid electrolyte system for oxygen reclamation (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A six-man solid electrolyte oxygen regeneration system (SEORS) that will produce 12.5 lbs/day of oxygen has been designed. The SEORS will simultaneously electrolyze both carbon dioxide and water vapor and be suitable for coupling with a carbon dioxide concentration system of either molecular sieve, solid amine or hydrogen depolarized electrochemical type. The total system will occupy approximately 19 cu ft (34.5 in. x .26 in. x 36 in. high) and will weigh approximately 500 pounds. It is estimated that the total electrical power required will be 1783 watts. The system consists of three major components; electrolyzer, hydrogen diffuser, and carbon deposition reactor. There are 108 electrolysis stacks of 12 cells each in the electrolyzer. Only 2/3 of the 108 stacks will be operated at a time; the remainder will be held in reserve. The design calls for 96 palladium membranes for hydrogen removal to give 60 percent redundancy. Four carbon deposition reactors are employed. The iron catalyst tube in each reactor weighs 7.1 lb and 100 percent redundancy is allowed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-112063
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    Development of a model of machine hand eye coordination and program specifications for a topological machine vision system (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A unified approach to computer vision and manipulation is developed which is called choreographic vision. In the model, objects to be viewed by a projected robot in the Viking missions to Mars are seen as objects to be manipulated within choreographic contexts controlled by a multimoded remote, supervisory control system on Earth. A new theory of context relations is introduced as a basis for choreographic programming languages. A topological vision model is developed for recognizing objects by shape and contour. This model is integrated with a projected vision system consisting of a multiaperture image dissector TV camera and a ranging laser system. System program specifications integrate eye-hand coordination and topological vision functions and an aerospace multiprocessor implementation is described.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-127566
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    Evaluation of advanced component concepts for an integrated environmental control/life support, resistojet control system (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Flow restricting devices were studied for their suitability as liquid water propellant flow limiters for the biowaste resistojet. Flow limiting during the start-up transient is required to prevent thrustor instabilities and icing which could result in heater failure in the electrical resistance heated thrustor (resistojet). The study was directed toward simple devices which would function passively (i.e., without power except from the propellant flow itself), and would offer high reliability and simplicity. In addition to the flow limiting devices, a thermal pumping system was studied to determine whether CO2, desorbed from molecular sieves could be pumped thermally in a space station application. The thermal pump is considered a possible replacement for mechanical pumps. It involves a cyclic, constant volume cryopumping system which employs space radiators to achieve the cryotemperatures. The frozen CO2 would be vaporized periodically, using a waste heat loop, to attain sufficient pressure to transfer a large portion of the trapped CO2 to storage tanks.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-112104
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    Development of flight experiment task requirements. Volume 2: Technical Report. Part 2: Appendix H: Tasks-skills data series (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The data sheets presented contain the results of the task analysis portion of the study to identify skill requirements of space shuttle crew personnel. A comprehensive data base is provided of crew functions, operating environments, task dependencies, and task-skills applicable to a representative cross section of earth orbital research experiments.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-127470 , PRL-189-VOL-2-PT-2
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    Development of flight experiment task requirements. Volume 2: Technical Report. Part 1: Program report and Appendices A-G (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Activities are documented of the study to determine skills required of on-orbit crew personnel of the space shuttle. The material is presented in four sections that include: (1) methodology for identifying flight experiment task-skill requirements, (2) task-skill analysis of selected flight experiments, (3) study results and conclusions, and (4) new technology.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-127469 , PRL-189-VOL-2-PT-1
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    Development of flight experiment task requirements. Volume 1: Summary (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to develop the means to identify skills required of scientist passengers on advanced missions related to the space shuttle and RAM programs. The scope of the study was defined to include only the activities of on-orbit personnel which are directly related to, or required by, on-orbit experimentation and scientific investigations conducted on or supported by the shuttle orbiter. A program summary is presented which provides a description of the methodology developed, an overview of the activities performed during the study, and the results obtained through application of the methodology.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-127468 , PRL-189-VOL-1
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    Life sciences payload definition and integration study. Volume 3: Appendices (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Detail design information concerning payloads for biomedical research projects conducted during space missions is presented. Subjects discussed are: (1) equipment modules and equipment item lists, (2) weight and volume breakdown by payload and equipment units, (3) longitudinal floor arrangement configuration, and (4) nonbaseline second generation layouts.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-123737 , GDC-DBD72-002-VOL-3
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    Life sciences payload definition and integration study. Volume 2: requirements and design studies (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see .
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-123739 , GDC-DBD72-002-VOL-2
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    Life sciences payload definition and integration study. Volume 1: Management summary (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The objectives of a study program to determine the life sciences payloads required for conducting biomedical experiments during space missions are presented. The objectives are defined as: (1) to identify the research functions which must be performed aboard life sciences spacecraft laboratories and the equipment needed to support these functions and (2) to develop layouts and preliminary conceptual designs of several potential baseline payloads for the accomplishment of life research in space. Payload configurations and subsystems are described and illustrated. Tables of data are included to identify the material requirements for the space missions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-123738 , GDC-DBD72-002-VOL-1
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    White blood cell counting system (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, fabrication, and tests of a prototype white blood cell counting system for use in the Skylab IMSS are presented. The counting system consists of a sample collection subsystem, sample dilution and fluid containment subsystem, and a cell counter. Preliminary test results show the sample collection and the dilution subsystems are functional and fulfill design goals. Results for the fluid containment subsystem show the handling bags cause counting errors due to: (1) adsorption of cells to the walls of the container, and (2) inadequate cleaning of the plastic bag material before fabrication. It was recommended that another bag material be selected.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-115706 , FR-1089-101
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    Removal of metabolic heat from man working in a protective suit (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A water cooled garment was constructed and used to study the characteristics of independent regional cooling of the body in contrast to the current practice of uniform cooling. The cooling pads in the garment were grouped to provide independent control of water inlet temperatures and flow rates to six regions: head, upper torso, lower torso, arms, thighs, and lower legs. Experiments with and without the cooling suit were conducted with five test subjects standing and walking on a treadmill on selected schedules. Steady state and, to a lesser extent, transient characteristics were obtained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 265-281
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    Mechanisms of deterioration of intermediate moisture food systems (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of shelf stability in intermediate moisture foods was made. Major efforts were made to control lipid oxidation and nonenzymatic browning. In order to determine means of preventing these reactions, model systems were developed having the same water activity content relationship of intermediate moisture foods. Models were based on a cellulose-lipid and protein-lipid system with glycerol added as the humectant. Experiments with both systems indicate that lipid oxidation is promoted significantly in the intermediate moisture range. The effect appeared to be related to increased mobility of either reactants or catalysts, since when the amount of water in the system reached a level where capillary condensation occurred and thus free water was present, the rates of oxidation increased. With added glycerol, which is water soluble and thus increases the amount of mobile phase, the increase in oxidation rate occurs at a lower relative humidity. The rates of oxidation were maximized at 61% RH and decreased again at 75% RH probably due to dilution. No significant non-enzymatic browning occurred in the protein-lipid systems. Prevention of oxidation by the use of metal chelating agents was enhanced in the cellulose system, whereas, with protein present, the lipid soluble chain terminating antioxidants (such as BHA) worked equally as well. Preliminary studies of foods adjusted to the intermediate moisture range bear out the results of oxidation in model systems. It can be concluded that for most fat containing intermediate moisture foods, rancidity will be the reaction most limiting stability.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-114861
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    University role in astronaut life support systems: Space power supply systems (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A brief description is given of the schemes suggested for providing electrical power aboard spacecraft. An attempt was made to list the major advantages and disadvantages of each scheme and to identify the particular areas in which it appears likely further research work may prove fruitful. Special attention was given to those research areas that appear suitable for colleges and university work. Chemical, solar, and nuclear power sources are considered together with the appropriate thermoelectric and turboelectric conversion systems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2061
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    One-man, self-contained CO2 concentrating system (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A program to design, fabricate, and test a 1-man, self-contained, electrochemical CO2 concentrating system is described. The system was designed with electronic controls and instrumentation to regulate performance, to analyze and display performance trends, and to detect and isolate faults. Ground support accessories were included to provide power, fluids, and a Parametric Data Display allowing real time indication of operating status in engineering units.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-114426 , LSI-ER-131-16
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    Advanced Extravehicular Protective System (AEPS) study (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A summary is presented of Advanced Extravehicular Protective Systems (AEPS) for the future missions beyond Skylab in earth orbit, on the lunar surface, and on the Martian surface. The study concentrated on the origination of regenerable life support concepts for use in portable extravehicular protective systems, and included evaluation and comparison with expendable systems, and selection of life support subsystems. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, subsystem concepts for performing life support functions in AEPS which are regenerable or partially regenerable were originated, and in addition, expendable subsystems were considered. Parametric data for each subsystem concept were evolved including subsystem weight and volume, power requirement, thermal control requirement; base regeneration equipment weight and volume, requirement. The second phase involved an evaluation of the impact of safety considerations involving redundant and/or backup systems on the selection of the regenerable life support subsystems. In addition, the impact of the space shuttle program on regenerable life support subsystem development was investigated.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-114382 , T141RP007
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    A study of pilot modeling in multi-controller tasks (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A modeling approach, which utilizes a matrix of transfer functions to describe the human pilot in multiple input, multiple output control situations, is studied. The approach used was to extend a well established scalar Wiener-Hopf minimization technique to the matrix case and then study, via a series of experiments, the data requirements when only finite record lengths are available. One of these experiments was a two-controller roll tracking experiment designed to force the pilot to use rudder in order to coordinate and reduce the effects of aileron yaw. One model was computed for the case where the signals used to generate the spectral matrix are error and bank angle while another model was computed for the case where error and yaw angle are the inputs. Several anomalies were observed to be present in the experimental data. These are defined by the descriptive terms roll up, break up, and roll down. Due to these algorithm induced anomalies, the frequency band over which reliable estimates of power spectra can be achieved is considerably less than predicted by the sampling theorem.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-112048 , CAL-IH-3037-J-1
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    Space shuttle environmental control/life support systems (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study analyzes and defines a baseline Environmental Control/Life Support System (EC/LSS) for a four-man, seven-day orbital shuttle. In addition, the impact of various mission parameters, crew size, mission length, etc. are examined for their influence on the selected system. Pacing technology items are identified to serve as a guide for application of effort to enhance the total system optimization. A fail safe-fail operation philosophy was utilized in designing the system. This has resulted in a system that requires only one daily routine operation. All other critical item malfunctions are automatically resolved by switching to redundant modes of operation. As a result of this study, it is evident that a practical, flexible, simple and long life, EC/LSS can be designed and manufactured for the shuttle orbiter within the time phase required.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-1981 , SVHSER-5851
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    Development of a solid electrolyte carbon dioxide and water reduction system for oxygen recovery (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 1/4-man solid electrolyte oxygen regeneration system, consisting of an electrolyzer, a carbon deposition reactor, and palladium membranes for separating hydrogen, was operated continuously in a 180-day test. Oxygen recovery from the carbon dioxide-water feed was 95%. One percent of the oxygen was lost to vacuum with the hydrogen off-gas. In a space cabin, the remaining 4% would have been recycled to the cabin and recovered. None of the electrolysis cells used in the 180-day test failed. Electrolysis power rose 20% during the test; the average power was 283.5 watts/man. Crew time was limited to 18 min/day of which 12 min/day was used for removing carbon. The success achieved in operating the system can be attributed to an extensive component development program, which is described. Stability of operation, ease of control, and flexibility in feed composition were demonstrated by the life test.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2014
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    Determination of pilot and vehicle describing functions from the Gemini 10 mission (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three types of manual control maneuvers conducted during the Gemini-10 mission have been analyzed in order to measure and document the describing function of the pilot, the vehicle and the pilot-vehicle combination during an actual space mission. Measurements made from the data records of the reentry maneuver (a single axis control task) indicate that the pilot's control behavior changes during critical portions of the reentry. Measurements made of the deorbit maneuver and of a terminal phase initiation maneuver (three axis tasks) show that the pilot assigns priorities to the separate axes and controls them differently. His control technique is also influenced by the magnitude of the thrust disturbance present during the maneuvers. The results for all three types of maneuvers show that the pilot adapts to the nonlinear spacecraft control system in such a way that the combined pilot-vehicle dynamics take the form of the linear crossover model.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TN-D-6803 , A-3877
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  • 98
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    Modified and improved sleep monitoring display console (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An outline is given of a sleep monitoring display console capable of simultaneously displaying: (1) the visible current sleep stage of each subject, (2) a cumulative, numerical display (in hours and minutes) of the total amount of time the subject spends in each stage, and (3) a stepwise, graphic recording of subject's sleep stage versus time.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-115573
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    The Public Health Service guidelines. Governing research involving human subjects: An analysis of the policy-making process (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The policy making process which led to development of the Public Health Service Guidelines governing research involving human subjects is outlined. Part 1 examines the evolution of PHS Guidelines, tracing (1) evolution of thought and legal interpretation regarding research using human subjects; (2) initial involvement of the Federal government; (3) development of the government's research program; (4) the social-political environment in which formal government policy was developed; and (5) various policy statements issued by the government. Part 2 analyzes the process by which PHS Guidelines were developed and examines the values and other underlying factors which contributed to their development. It was concluded that the evolution of the Guidelines is best understood within the context of a mixed-scanning strategy. In such a strategy, policy makers make fundamental decisions regarding the basic direction of policy and subsequent decisions are made incrementally and within the contexts set by the original fundamental decisions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-126642 , GWPS-MON-10
    Format: application/pdf
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    Analysis of bioelectric records and fabrication of phototype sleep analysis equipment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer-analysis technique was used to evaluate the changes in the waking EEGs of 5 normal subjects which occurred during the oral administration of flurazepam hydrochloride (Dalmane). While the subjects were receiving the drug, there was an increase in the amount of beta (14-38 c/sec) activity in fronto-central EEG leads in all 5 subjects. This increase in beta activity was characterized by a highly consistent increase in the number of waves that occurred during an EEG recording interval of fixed duration and by a less consistent increase in average wave amplitude. There was no detectable change in mean EEG wavelength (frequency) within the beta frequency range. The EEG patterns reverted to their baseline condition during 2-3 weeks after withdrawal of the drug. Analysis of the alpha, theta and delta components of the EEG indicated no changes during or following administration of the drug. This study clearly illustrates the usefulness of specific computer-analysis techniques in the characterization and quantification of sleep-promoting drugs upon the EEG of the normal young adults in the waking state. Two preamplifiers and 150 EEG monitoring caps with electrodes were delivered to MSC.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-115551
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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