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  • 1
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    Local warming and violent conflict in North and South Sudan (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: Our article contributes to the emerging micro-level strand of the literature on the link between local variations in weather shocks and conflicts by focusing on a pixel-level analysis for North and South Sudan between 1997 and 2009. Temperature anomalies are found to strongly affect the risk of conflict, whereas the risk is expected to magnify in a range of 24–31% in the future under a median scenario. Our analysis also sheds light on the competition over natural resources, in particular water, as the main driver of such relationship in a region where pastoralism constitutes the dominant livelihood.
    Keywords: D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances, O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products, Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters ; Global Warming, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Migration and inter-industry mobility of UK graduates (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Description: New university graduates are highly geographically mobile, but, as the literature has shown, often struggle in the labour market, working in non-graduate level jobs or in a field different from the one for which they are qualified. In this context, inter-industry moves can act as complements or substitutes for geographical moves, with graduates reacting to job mismatches by either changing location, industry, or both. Self-selection is also likely; industry movers may differ from non-movers in ways that also affect their career outcomes. We analyse the relationship between migration and inter-industry moves using longitudinal microdata for 7060 recent UK graduates.
    Keywords: I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions, J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity, J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy, R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Local entrepreneurship clusters in cities (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-04
    Description: We show that entrepreneurs are co-located within cities. One plausible source of such spatial clustering is local social interactions, where individuals’ decisions to become entrepreneurs are influenced by entrepreneurial neighbors. Using geo-coded matched employer–employee data for Sweden, we find that sharing residential neighborhood with established entrepreneurs has a statistically significant and robust influence on the probability that an individual leaves employment for entrepreneurship. An otherwise average neighborhood with a 5% point higher entrepreneurial intensity, all else equal, produces between six and seven additional entrepreneurs per square kilometer, each year. Our estimates suggest a local feedback-effect in which the presence of established entrepreneurs in a neighborhood influences the emergence of new local entrepreneurs. Our analysis supports the conjecture that social interaction effects constitute a mechanism by which local entrepreneurship clusters in cities develop and persist over time.
    Keywords: J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity, L26 - Entrepreneurship, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity, R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    The path- and place-dependent nature of scientific knowledge production in biotech 1986-2008 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: This study explores the worldwide spatial evolution of scientific knowledge production in biotechnology in the period 1986–2008. We employ new methodology that identifies new key topics in biotech on the basis of frequent use of title worlds in major biotech journals as an indication of new cognitive developments within this scientific field. Our analyses show that biotech is subject to a path- and place-dependent process of knowledge production. We observed a high degree of re-occurrences of similar key topics in biotech in consecutive years. Furthermore, slow growth cities in biotech are characterized by topics that are less technologically related to other topics, while high growth cities in biotech contribute to topics that are more related to the entire set of existing topics. Slow growth and stable growth cities in biotech introduced more new topics, while fast growth cities in biotech introduced more promising topics. Slow growth cities also showed low levels of research collaboration, as compared with stable and high growth cities.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L65 - Chemicals ; Rubber ; Drugs ; Biotechnology, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Accessing remote knowledge--the roles of trade fairs, pipelines, crowdsourcing and listening posts (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: Work on clusters during the last few decades convincingly demonstrates enhanced opportunities for local growth and entrepreneurship, but external upstream knowledge linkages are often overlooked or taken for granted. This article is an attempt to remedy this situation by investigating why and how young, single-site firms search for distant sources of complementary competences. The discussion is positioned within a comprehensive framework that allows a systematic investigation of the approaches available to firms engaged in globally extended learning. By utilizing the distinction between problem awareness (what remote knowledge is needed?) and source awareness (where does this knowledge reside?) the article explores the relative merits and inherent limitations of pipelines, listening posts, crowdsourcing and trade fairs to acquire knowledge and solutions from geographically and relationally remote sources.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    How controversial innovation succeeds in the periphery? A network perspective of BASF Argentina (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: This article builds elements of a theory of peripheral innovation in transnational corporations. Although subsidiaries at the geographical periphery of the global economy and at the organizational periphery of their headquarters often contribute a negligible amount to the corporate global revenues, this article provides evidence on the role of these peripheries in knowledge creation and in enforcing controversial innovations. Based on an embedded and mixed-method case study of the Argentinean subsidiary of the chemical corporation BASF that uses qualitative interviews and a social network survey of knowledge sharing among employees, this article develops three sets of propositions about contextual and network opportunities for creating and enforcing innovations in the periphery of transnational corporations.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses, O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    The creation of knowledge: local building, global accessing and economic development--toward an agenda (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: This article argues that local knowledge building and global (nonlocal) knowledge-accessing practices in economic development are intrinsically interwoven. They generate fundamental feedback loops, which are channeled through and lead to ongoing knowledge circulation. To better understand the nature of the specific mechanisms and conditions underlying these processes, three key areas of research are identified for current and future research. These are related to (i) creative agents and the nature of local creative processes, (ii) community formation and local creativity from ideas to market penetration and (iii) temporary gatherings as translocal knowledge platforms.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L23 - Organization of Production, M21 - Business Economics, O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Global temporary networks of clusters: structures and dynamics of trade fairs in Asian economies (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: Acting as temporary clusters, trade fairs can turn into trans-local learning spaces in global industrial communities. However, up to now, how temporary gatherings are related to regional/national economies has not yet been systematically investigated. This article approaches the question with an international comparative study of trade fairs in Asian economies. Generally, consistent with a dynamic interpretation of temporary clusters, trade fairs exhibit a more diverse configuration of participants, being a setting more compatible for knowledge creation, in more developed Asian economies. However, structures of trade fairs are also influenced by organizational features of embedded economies. Further, seven flagship electronics fairs suggest an architecture of global temporary networks of clusters for high-end learning processes in the global knowledge economy.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, O53 - Asia including Middle East, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Return migration and geography of innovation in MNEs: a natural experiment of knowledge production by local workers reporting to return migrants (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: I study whether return migrants facilitate knowledge production by local employees working for them at geographically distant research and development (R&D) locations. Using unique personnel and patenting data for 1315 employees at the Indian R&D center of a Fortune 500 technology firm, I exploit a natural experiment where the assignment of managers for newly hired college graduates is mandated by rigid HR rules and is uncorrelated to observable characteristics of the graduates. Given this assignment protocol, I find that local employees with returnee managers file disproportionately more US patents. I also find some evidence that return migrants act as a ‘bridge’ to transfer knowledge from the MNE headquarters to the local employees working for them.
    Keywords: F22 - International Migration, F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business, J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity, O34 - Intellectual Property Rights, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Global cluster networks--foreign direct investment flows from Canada to China (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-19
    Description: Using a network perspective of multinational firms, this article develops conceptions of global cluster networks and global city-region networks that are based on foreign direct investment (FDI) activities. The article first formulates a global cluster-network hypothesis suggesting that multinational cluster firms are more likely to set up new foreign affiliates in other, similarly specialized clusters to keep up with global industry dynamics. Conversely, it is suggested that non-cluster firms are more likely to avoid cluster destinations in their FDIs. Second, it is hypothesized that cluster networks generate connections between city-regions in different countries that are horizontal and vertical in character and thus shape global city-region networks. To test these hypotheses, the spatial patterns of 299 FDI cases from Canada to China between 2006 and 2010 are investigated, generally supporting the hypotheses developed.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 11
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    Distance as asset? Knowledge collaboration in hybrid virtual communities (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-19
    Description: This article takes issue with the reification of proximity in the current debates about the geographies of knowledge production. It aims at developing a more differentiated view on the spatialities of learning by focussing on knowledge practices in which neither physical nor relational proximity are available. More specifically, the article explores on the basis of a ‘netnographic approach’ interactive knowledge collaboration in nine ‘hybrid virtual communities’ that reflect a broad spectrum of organizational set-ups from firm hosted over firm related to independent communities. Our empirical analysis reveals that hybrid virtual communities even in the absence of physical or relational proximity are able to produce economically useful knowledge; that despite the low importance of proximity the physical and material conditions play a crucial role for knowledge collaboration in hybrid virtual communities; and that hybrid virtual communities afford unique technical opportunities and social dynamics that foster learning processes unattainable in face-to-face contexts.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks, L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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