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  • Articles  (2,288)
  • Springer Nature  (2,288)
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  • Nature Materials  (772)
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  • 1
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    Nuclear spin effects in semiconductor quantum dots (2013)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Perovskites under the Sun (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-21
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Poisson's ratio at 200 (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-24
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Single spins in self-assembled quantum dots (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Poisson's ratio and modern materials (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-24
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The logic of graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 870 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3769 Author: Luigi Martiradonna
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  • 7
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    Artificially cool (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 870 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3768 Author: Andrea Taroni
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  • 8
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    Flexible electronics: Sophisticated skin (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 871 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3759 Author: Siegfried Bauer Advances in materials science and layout design have enabled the realization of flexible and multifunctional electronic devices. Two demonstrations of electronic skins, which combine temperature and pressure sensing with integrated thermal actuators and organic displays, unveil the potential of these devices for robotics and clinical applications.
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  • 9
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    Not so transparent (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 865 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3773 As with the ongoing debate on the degree of wetting transparency of supported graphene, transparency in both pre- and post-publication peer review is a contentious concept.
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  • 10
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    User-interactive electronic skin for instantaneous pressure visualization (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 899 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3711 Authors: Chuan Wang, David Hwang, Zhibin Yu, Kuniharu Takei, Junwoo Park, Teresa Chen, Biwu Ma & Ali Javey Electronic skin (e-skin) presents a network of mechanically flexible sensors that can conformally wrap irregular surfaces and spatially map and quantify various stimuli. Previous works on e-skin have focused on the optimization of pressure sensors interfaced with an electronic readout, whereas user interfaces based on a human-readable output were not explored. Here, we report the first user-interactive e-skin that not only spatially maps the applied pressure but also provides an instantaneous visual response through a built-in active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display with red, green and blue pixels. In this system, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are turned on locally where the surface is touched, and the intensity of the emitted light quantifies the magnitude of the applied pressure. This work represents a system-on-plastic demonstration where three distinct electronic components—thin-film transistor, pressure sensor and OLED arrays—are monolithically integrated over large areas on a single plastic substrate. The reported e-skin may find a wide range of applications in interactive input/control devices, smart wallpapers, robotics and medical/health monitoring devices.
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  • 11
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    Physical hydrogels composed of polyampholytes demonstrate high toughness and viscoelasticity (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 932 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3713 Authors: Tao Lin Sun, Takayuki Kurokawa, Shinya Kuroda, Abu Bin Ihsan, Taigo Akasaki, Koshiro Sato, Md. Anamul Haque, Tasuku Nakajima & Jian Ping Gong
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  • 12
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    Effect of airborne contaminants on the wettability of supported graphene and graphite (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 925 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3709 Authors: Zhiting Li, Yongjin Wang, Andrew Kozbial, Ganesh Shenoy, Feng Zhou, Rebecca McGinley, Patrick Ireland, Brittni Morganstein, Alyssa Kunkel, Sumedh P. Surwade, Lei Li & Haitao Liu
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  • 13
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    Wetting translucency of graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 866 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3760 Authors: Chih-Jen Shih, Michael S. Strano & Daniel Blankschtein For the case of water on supported graphene, about 30% of the van der Waals interactions between the water and the substrate are transmitted through the one-atom-thick layer.
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  • 14
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    Anomalous independence of interface superconductivity from carrier density (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 877 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3719 Authors: J. Wu, O. Pelleg, G. Logvenov, A. T. Bollinger, Y-J. Sun, G. S. Boebinger, M. Vanević, Z. Radović & I. Božović The recent discovery of superconductivity at the interface of two non-superconducting materials has received much attention. In cuprate bilayers, the critical temperature (Tc) can be significantly enhanced compared with single-phase samples. Several explanations have been proposed, invoking Sr interdiffusion, accumulation and depletion of mobile charge carriers, elongation of the copper-to-apical-oxygen bond length, or a beneficial crosstalk between a material with a high pairing energy and another with a large phase stiffness. From each of these models, one would predict Tc to depend strongly on the carrier density in the constituent materials. Here, we study combinatorial libraries of La2−xSrxCuO4–La2CuO4 bilayer samples—an unprecedentedly large set of more than 800 different compositions. The doping level x spans a wide range, 0.15 〈 x 〈 0.47, and the measured Hall coefficient varies by one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, across the entire sample set, Tc stays essentially constant at about 40 K. We infer that doping up to the optimum level does not shift the chemical potential, unlike in ordinary Fermi liquids. This result poses a new challenge to theory—cuprate superconductors have not run out of surprises.
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  • 15
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    Coexisting massive and massless Dirac fermions in symmetry-broken bilayer graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 887 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3717 Authors: Keun Su Kim, Andrew L. Walter, Luca Moreschini, Thomas Seyller, Karsten Horn, Eli Rotenberg & Aaron Bostwick Charge carriers in bilayer graphene are widely believed to be massive Dirac fermions that have a bandgap tunable by a transverse electric field. However, a full transport gap, despite its importance for device applications, has not been clearly observed in gated bilayer graphene, a long-standing puzzle. Moreover, the low-energy electronic structure of bilayer graphene is widely held to be unstable towards symmetry breaking either by structural distortions, such as twist, strain, or electronic interactions that can lead to various ground states. Which effect dominates the physics at low energies is hotly debated. Here we show both by direct band-structure measurements and by calculations that a native imperfection of bilayer graphene, a distribution of twists whose size is as small as ~0.1°, is sufficient to generate a completely new electronic spectrum consisting of massive and massless Dirac fermions. The massless spectrum is robust against strong electric fields, and has a unusual topology in momentum space consisting of closed arcs having an exotic chiral pseudospin texture, which can be tuned by varying the charge density. The discovery of this unusual Dirac spectrum not only complements the framework of massive Dirac fermions, widely relevant to charge transport in bilayer graphene, but also supports the possibility of valley Hall transport.
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  • 16
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    Bilayer graphene: A little twist with big consequences (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 874 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3764 Author: Philip Hofmann A study on the subtle interplay between electronic structure and structural defects now explains why the suppression of conduction in the insulating state of bilayer graphene is not as strong as might be expected. It also reveals the possibility of creating graphene-based nanoscale systems with unique electronic properties.
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  • 17
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    Changing domains (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 870 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3767 Author: Alison Stoddart
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  • 18
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    Wetting: Contact with what? (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 872 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3763 Authors: Ke Xu & James R. Heath Pristine graphitic surfaces seem to be more hydrophilic than previously assumed because of the unexpected influence of the quick adsorption of hydrocarbons from air.
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  • 19
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    Plasmonic darkness (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 870 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3770 Author: Kosmas Tsakmakidis
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  • 20
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    Hyperelastic nanowires (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 870 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3771 Author: Pep Pàmies
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  • 21
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    Speed limit of the insulator–metal transition in magnetite (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 882 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3718 Authors: S. de Jong, R. Kukreja, C. Trabant, N. Pontius, C. F. Chang, T. Kachel, M. Beye, F. Sorgenfrei, C. H. Back, B. Bräuer, W. F. Schlotter, J. J. Turner, O. Krupin, M. Doehler, D. Zhu, M. A. Hossain, A. O. Scherz, D. Fausti, F. Novelli, M. Esposito, W. S. Lee, Y. D. Chuang, D. H. Lu, R. G. Moore, M. Yi, M. Trigo, P. Kirchmann, L. Pathey, M. S. Golden, M. Buchholz, P. Metcalf, F. Parmigiani, W. Wurth, A. Föhlisch, C. Schüßler-Langeheine & H. A. Dürr As the oldest known magnetic material, magnetite (Fe3O4) has fascinated mankind for millennia. As the first oxide in which a relationship between electrical conductivity and fluctuating/localized electronic order was shown, magnetite represents a model system for understanding correlated oxides in general. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of the insulator–metal, or Verwey, transition has long remained inaccessible. Recently, three-Fe-site lattice distortions called trimerons were identified as the characteristic building blocks of the low-temperature insulating electronically ordered phase. Here we investigate the Verwey transition with pump–probe X-ray diffraction and optical reflectivity techniques, and show how trimerons become mobile across the insulator–metal transition. We find this to be a two-step process. After an initial 300 fs destruction of individual trimerons, phase separation occurs on a 1.5±0.2 ps timescale to yield residual insulating and metallic regions. This work establishes the speed limit for switching in future oxide electronics.
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  • 22
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    Fabrication and deformation of three-dimensional hollow ceramic nanostructures (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 893 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3738 Authors: Dongchan Jang, Lucas R. Meza, Frank Greer & Julia R. Greer Creating lightweight, mechanically robust materials has long been an engineering pursuit. Many siliceous skeleton species—such as diatoms, sea sponges and radiolarians—have remarkably high strengths when compared with man-made materials of the same composition, yet are able to remain lightweight and porous. It has been suggested that these properties arise from the hierarchical arrangement of different structural elements at their relevant length scales. Here, we report the fabrication of hollow ceramic scaffolds that mimic the length scales and hierarchy of biological materials. The constituent solids attain tensile strengths of 1.75 GPa without failure even after multiple deformation cycles, as revealed by in situ nanomechanical experiments and finite-element analysis. We discuss the high strength and lack of failure in terms of stress concentrators at surface imperfections and of local stresses within the microstructural landscape. Our findings suggest that the hierarchical design principles offered by hard biological organisms can be applied to create damage-tolerant lightweight engineering materials.
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  • 23
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    Material witness: And the winner is... (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 876 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3762 Author: Philip Ball
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  • 24
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    Thermoelectric imaging of structural disorder in epitaxial graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 913 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3708 Authors: Sanghee Cho, Stephen Dongmin Kang, Wondong Kim, Eui-Sup Lee, Sung-Jae Woo, Ki-Jeong Kong, Ilyou Kim, Hyeong-Do Kim, Tong Zhang, Joseph A. Stroscio, Yong-Hyun Kim & Ho-Ki Lyeo
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    The effect of particle proximity on the oxygen reduction rate of size-selected platinum clusters (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 919 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3712 Authors: Markus Nesselberger, Melanie Roefzaad, R. Fayçal Hamou, P. Ulrich Biedermann, Florian F. Schweinberger, Sebastian Kunz, Katrin Schloegl, Gustav K. H. Wiberg, Sean Ashton, Ueli Heiz, Karl J. J. Mayrhofer & Matthias Arenz
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  • 26
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    Interface superconductivity: Pinning the critical temperature (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 875 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3761 Author: Dirk van der Marel The critical temperature of most superconductors varies with the density of charge carriers, which in turn is most easily tuned by chemical doping. The observation that a specially fabricated two-dimensional superconductor maintains the same critical temperature regardless of doping raises some important questions.
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    Ultrathin conformal devices for precise and continuous thermal characterization of human skin (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 938 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3755 Authors: R. Chad Webb, Andrew P. Bonifas, Alex Behnaz, Yihui Zhang, Ki Jun Yu, Huanyu Cheng, Mingxing Shi, Zuguang Bian, Zhuangjian Liu, Yun-Soung Kim, Woon-Hong Yeo, Jae Suk Park, Jizhou Song, Yuhang Li, Yonggang Huang, Alexander M. Gorbach & John A. Rogers
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    Uncovering the intrinsic size dependence of hydriding phase transformations in nanocrystals (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 905 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3716 Authors: Rizia Bardhan, Lester O. Hedges, Cary L. Pint, Ali Javey, Stephen Whitelam & Jeffrey J. Urban
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    Colloidal glasses: Sheared into two flows (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 13 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4189 Author: Pep Pàmies
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    Material witness: The final cut (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 16 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4185 Author: Philip Ball
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  • 31
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    Benzene-derived carbon nanothreads (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 43 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4088 Authors: Thomas C. Fitzgibbons, Malcolm Guthrie, En-shi Xu, Vincent H. Crespi, Stephen K. Davidowski, George D. Cody, Nasim Alem & John V. Badding Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene and diamondoids have extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Compression-induced polymerization of aromatic molecules could provide a viable synthetic route to ordered carbon nanomaterials, but despite almost a century of study this approach has produced only amorphous products. Here we report recovery to ambient pressure of macroscopic quantities of a crystalline one- dimensional sp3carbon nanomaterial formed by high-pressure solid-state reaction of benzene. X-ray and neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations reveal close- packed bundles of subnanometre-diameter sp3-bonded carbon threads capped with hydrogen, crystalline in two dimensions and short-range ordered in the third. These nanothreads promise extraordinary properties such as strength and stiffness higher than that of sp2carbon nanotubes or conven tional high-strength polymers. They may be the first member of a new class of ordered sp3 nanomaterials synthesized by kinetic control of high-pressure solid-state reactions.
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    Re-entrant solidification in polymer–colloid mixtures as a consequence of competing entropic and enthalpic attractions (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 61 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4109 Authors: Lang Feng, Bezia Laderman, Stefano Sacanna & Paul Chaikin In polymer–colloid mixtures, non-adsorbing polymers dispersed with much larger colloids provide a universal yet specific entropic attraction between the colloids. Such so-called depletion interaction arises from an osmotic-pressure imbalance caused by the polymers and is considered to be independent of temperature. Here we show that, for the most commonly used polymer–colloid depletion systems, the polymer undergoes a crossover from non-adsorbing to adsorbing and that, consequently, the effective colloidal interactions depend on temperature. We also find that a combination of the enthalpic (polymer bridging) and entropic (polymer exclusion) interactions, both attractive, leads to a re-entrant regime where the colloids are dispersed and form solids both on heating and on cooling. We provide a simple model to explain the observed transitions and to fill the theoretical gap at the polymer-adsorption crossover. Our findings open possibilities for colloidal self-assembly, the formation of colloidal crystals and glasses, and the behaviour of temperature-controlled viscoelastic materials.
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    Giant barocaloric effect enhanced by the frustration of the antiferromagnetic phase in Mn3GaN (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 73 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4117 Authors: Daichi Matsunami, Asaya Fujita, Koshi Takenaka & Mika Kano
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    Ferroelectric polarization reversal via successive ferroelastic transitions (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 79 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4119 Authors: Ruijuan Xu, Shi Liu, Ilya Grinberg, J. Karthik, Anoop R. Damodaran, Andrew M. Rappe & Lane W. Martin
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    Icosahedral quasicrystals: Assembled with one component (2014)
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    Description: Nature Materials 14, 18 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4183 Author: Marc de Boissieu Computer simulations of one-component three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals will help to understand the mechanisms that may stabilize them in experiments.
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    Bioinspired structural materials (2014)
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    Description: Nature Materials 14, 23 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4089 Authors: Ulrike G. K. Wegst, Hao Bai, Eduardo Saiz, Antoni P. Tomsia & Robert O. Ritchie
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    Multimodal plasmonics in fused colloidal networks (2014)
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    Description: Nature Materials 14, 87 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4114 Authors: Alexandre Teulle, Michel Bosman, Christian Girard, Kargal L. Gurunatha, Mei Li, Stephen Mann & Erik Dujardin
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    Colloidal self-assembly: Reversible actuation (2014)
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    Description: Nature Materials 14, 19 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4180 Author: Eric M. Furst Janus ellipsoids self-assemble into self-limiting fibres that can be reversibly actuated by applying an electric field.
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    Black phosphorus: Undercover operation (2014)
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    Description: Nature Materials 14, 13 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4188 Author: Luigi Martiradonna
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    Theranostics: Biogenic delivery (2014)
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    Description: Nature Materials 14, 13 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4190 Author: Alison Stoddart
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    Direct spectroscopic evidence for phase competition between the pseudogap and superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 37 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4116 Authors: Makoto Hashimoto, Elizabeth A. Nowadnick, Rui-Hua He, Inna M. Vishik, Brian Moritz, Yu He, Kiyohisa Tanaka, Robert G. Moore, Donghui Lu, Yoshiyuki Yoshida, Motoyuki Ishikado, Takao Sasagawa, Kazuhiro Fujita, Shigeyuki Ishida, Shinichi Uchida, Hiroshi Eisaki, Zahid Hussain, Thomas P. Devereaux & Zhi-Xun Shen In the high-temperature (Tc) cuprate superconductors, a growing body of evidence suggests that the pseudogap phase, existing below the pseudogap temperature T∗, is characterized by some broken electronic symmetries distinct from those associated with superconductivity. In particular, recent scattering experiments have suggested that charge ordering competes with superconductivity. However, no direct link of an interplay between the two phases has been identified from the important low-energy excitations. Here, we report an antagonistic singularity at Tc in the spectral weight of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ as compelling evidence for phase competition, which persists up to a high hole concentration p ~ 0.22. Comparison with theoretical calculations confirms that the singularity is a signature of competition between the order parameters for the pseudogap and superconductivity. The observation of the spectroscopic singularity at finite temperatures over a wide doping range provides new insights into the nature of the competitive interplay between the two orders and the complex phase diagram near the pseudogap critical point.
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    Metal–organic framework nanosheets in polymer composite materials for gas separation (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 48 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4113 Authors: Tania Rodenas, Ignacio Luz, Gonzalo Prieto, Beatriz Seoane, Hozanna Miro, Avelino Corma, Freek Kapteijn, Francesc X. Llabrés i Xamena & Jorge Gascon Composites incorporating two-dimensional nanostructures within polymeric matrices have potential as functional components for several technologies, including gas separation. Prospectively, employing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as versatile nanofillers would notably broaden the scope of functionalities. However, synthesizing MOFs in the form of freestanding nanosheets has proved challenging. We present a bottom-up synthesis strategy for dispersible copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate MOF lamellae of micrometre lateral dimensions and nanometre thickness. Incorporating MOF nanosheets into polymer matrices endows the resultant composites with outstanding CO2 separation performance from CO2/CH4 gas mixtures, together with an unusual and highly desired increase in the separation selectivity with pressure. As revealed by tomographic focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, the unique separation behaviour stems from a superior occupation of the membrane cross-section by the MOF nanosheets as compared with isotropic crystals, which improves the efficiency of molecular discrimination and eliminates unselective permeation pathways. This approach opens the door to ultrathin MOF–polymer composites for various applications.
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    Patchy colloids: Entropy stabilizes open crystals (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 179 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3573 Author: Michael E. Cates Open crystalline configurations self-assembled from colloids with sticky patches have recently been shown to be unexpectedly stable. A theory that accounts for the entropy of the colloids' thermal fluctuations now explains why.
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    A moment of change (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 178 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3588 Author: Andrea Taroni
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    Optical nanocircuits (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 178 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3591 Author: Kosmas Tsakmakidis
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    Cell rheology: Mush rather than machine (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 184 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3574 Authors: Enhua H. Zhou, Fernando D. Martinez & Jeffrey J. Fredberg The cytoplasm of living cells responds to deformation in much the same way as a water-filled sponge does. This behaviour, although intuitive, is connected to long-standing and unsolved fundamental questions in cell mechanics.
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    Giant negative linear compressibility in zinc dicyanoaurate (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 212 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3551 Authors: Andrew B. Cairns, Jadna Catafesta, Claire Levelut, Jérôme Rouquette, Arie van der Lee, Lars Peters, Amber L. Thompson, Vladimir Dmitriev, Julien Haines & Andrew L. Goodwin The counterintuitive phenomenon of negative linear compressibility (NLC) is a highly desirable but rare property exploitable in the development of artificial muscles, actuators and next-generation pressure sensors. In all cases, material performance is directly related to the magnitude of intrinsic NLC response. Here we show the molecular framework material zinc(II) dicyanoaurate(I), Zn[Au(CN)2]2, exhibits the most extreme and persistent NLC behaviour yet reported: under increasing hydrostatic pressure its crystal structure expands in one direction at a rate that is an order of magnitude greater than both the typical contraction observed for common engineering materials and also the anomalous expansion in established NLC candidates. This extreme behaviour arises from the honeycomb-like structure of Zn[Au(CN)2]2 coupling volume reduction to uniaxial expansion, and helical Au…Au ‘aurophilic’ interactions accommodating abnormally large linear strains by functioning as supramolecular springs.
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    Spider silk: Webs measure up (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 185 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3578 Authors: Zhao Qin & Markus J. Buehler The complete elastic response of a spider's orb web has been quantified by non-invasive light scattering, revealing important insights into the architecture, natural material use and mechanical properties of the web. This knowledge advances our understanding of the prey-catching process and the role of supercontraction therein.
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    Bioengineering and regenerative medicine: Keeping track (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 180 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3579 Authors: Keren Ziv & Sanjiv S. Gambhir Assessing when cell death occurs following in vivo transplantation of stem cells is challenging. Now, pH-sensitive hydrogel capsules containing arginine-based liposomes are shown to act as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, allowing cell death to be monitored within the capsules.
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    A rechargeable room-temperature sodium superoxide (NaO2) battery (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 228 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3486 Authors: Pascal Hartmann, Conrad L. Bender, Miloš Vračar, Anna Katharina Dürr, Arnd Garsuch, Jürgen Janek & Philipp Adelhelm In the search for room-temperature batteries with high energy densities, rechargeable metal–air (more precisely metal–oxygen) batteries are considered as particularly attractive owing to the simplicity of the underlying cell reaction at first glance. Atmospheric oxygen is used to form oxides during discharging, which—ideally—decompose reversibly during charging. Much work has been focused on aprotic Li–O2 cells (mostly with carbonate-based electrolytes and Li2O2 as a potential discharge product), where large overpotentials are observed and a complex cell chemistry is found. In fact, recent studies evidence that Li–O2 cells suffer from irreversible electrolyte decomposition during cycling. Here we report on a Na–O2 cell reversibly discharging/charging at very low overpotentials (〈 200 mV) and current densities as high as 0.2 mA cm−2 using a pure carbon cathode without an added catalyst. Crystalline sodium superoxide (NaO2) forms in a one-electron transfer step as a solid discharge product. This work demonstrates that substitution of lithium by sodium may offer an unexpected route towards rechargeable metal–air batteries.
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    Unidirectional light propagation at exceptional points (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 175 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3576 Authors: Xiaobo Yin & Xiang Zhang Unique opportunities arise from exceptional points that coalesce states of an open system in synthetic photonic media, where delicately balanced complex dielectric functions produce unprecedented optical properties.
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    The virus catcher (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 178 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3590 Author: Alison Stoddart
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    High-performance nanotubes (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 178 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3589 Author: Luigi Martiradonna
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    Fuelling discovery by sharing (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 173 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3594 The United States Materials Genome Initiative aims at accelerating the discovery, development and deployment of materials. Yet, finding data standards and sharing practices that can be leveraged by the disparate communities in materials science and technology may prove difficult.
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    Squeeze to deliver (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 178 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3587 Author: Pep Pàmies
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    Negative linear compressibility: Giant response (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 182 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3584 Authors: Ruben Gatt, Roberto Caruana-Gauci & Joseph N. Grima Materials displaying negative linear compressibility are, at present, the exception rather than the rule. An unusually large and persistent example of this phenomenon in the molecular framework material zinc dicyanoaurate dramatically expands the range of mechanical responses conceivable in other materials.
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    Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2 (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 207 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3505 Authors: Kin Fai Mak, Keliang He, Changgu Lee, Gwan Hyoung Lee, James Hone, Tony F. Heinz & Jie Shan Two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals, such as graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides, have emerged as a new class of materials with remarkable physical properties. In contrast to graphene, monolayer MoS2 is a non-centrosymmetric material with a direct energy gap. Strong photoluminescence, a current on/off ratio exceeding 108 in field-effect transistors, and efficient valley and spin control by optical helicity have recently been demonstrated in this material. Here we report the spectroscopic identification in a monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistor of tightly bound negative trions, a quasiparticle composed of two electrons and a hole. These quasiparticles, which can be optically created with valley and spin polarized holes, have no analogue in conventional semiconductors. They also possess a large binding energy (~ 20 meV), rendering them significant even at room temperature. Our results open up possibilities both for fundamental studies of many-body interactions and for optoelectronic and valleytronic applications in 2D atomic crystals.
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    The high-throughput highway to computational materials design (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 191 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3568 Authors: Stefano Curtarolo, Gus L. W. Hart, Marco Buongiorno Nardelli, Natalio Mingo, Stefano Sanvito & Ohad Levy
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    Liquid crystals: Interplay of topologies (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 187 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3583 Author: Eugene Terentjev In a uniformly aligned liquid crystal, colloidal particles having a number of holes give rise to arrays of topological defects that are associated with the particles' topology.
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    Dynamic control of magnetic nanowires by light-induced domain-wall kickoffs (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 202 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3498 Authors: Eric Heintze, Fadi El Hallak, Conrad Clauß, Angelo Rettori, Maria Gloria Pini, Federico Totti, Martin Dressel & Lapo Bogani Controlling the speed at which systems evolve is a challenge shared by all disciplines, and otherwise unrelated areas use common theoretical frameworks towards this goal. A particularly widespread model is Glauber dynamics, which describes the time evolution of the Ising model and can be applied to any binary system. Here we show, using molecular nanowires under irradiation, that Glauber dynamics can be controlled by a novel domain-wall kickoff mechanism. In contrast to known processes, the kickoff has unambiguous fingerprints, slowing down the spin-flip attempt rate by several orders of magnitude, and following a scaling law. The required irradiance is very low, a substantial improvement over present methods of magneto-optical switching. These results provide a new way to control and study stochastic dynamic processes. Being general for Glauber dynamics, they can be extended to different kinds of magnetic nanowires and to numerous fields, ranging from social evolution to neural networks and chemical reactivity.
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    Material witness: Living crystals (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 183 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3582 Author: Philip Ball
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    Vertically stacked multi-heterostructures of layered materials for logic transistors and complementary inverters (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 246 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3518 Authors: Woo Jong Yu, Zheng Li, Hailong Zhou, Yu Chen, Yang Wang, Yu Huang & Xiangfeng Duan
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    Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in Ta|CoFeB|MgO (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 240 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3522 Authors: Junyeon Kim, Jaivardhan Sinha, Masamitsu Hayashi, Michihiko Yamanouchi, Shunsuke Fukami, Tetsuhiro Suzuki, Seiji Mitani & Hideo Ohno
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    Imaging the dynamics of individually adsorbed molecules (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 223 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3527 Authors: Johannes Schaffert, Maren C. Cottin, Andreas Sonntag, Hatice Karacuban, Christian A. Bobisch, Nicolás Lorente, Jean-Pierre Gauyacq & Rolf Möller Although noise is observed in many experiments, it is rarely used as a source of information. However, valuable information can be extracted from noisy signals. The motion of particles on a surface induced, for example, by thermal activation or by the interaction with the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope may lead to fluctuations or switching of the tunnelling current. The analysis of these processes gives insight into dynamics on a single atomic or molecular level. Unfortunately, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) is not a useful tool to study dynamics in detail, as it is an intrinsically slow technique. Here, we show that this problem can be solved by providing a full real-time characterization of random telegraph noise in the current signal. The hopping rate, the noise amplitude and the relative occupation of the involved states are measured as a function of the tunnelling parameters, providing spatially resolved maps. In contrast to standard STM, our technique gives access to transiently populated states revealing an electron-driven hindered rotation between the equilibrium and two metastable positions of an individually adsorbed molecule. The new approach yields a complete characterization of copper phthalocyanine molecules on Cu(111), ranging from dynamical processes on surfaces to the underlying electronic structure on the single-molecule level.
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    Photonic topological insulators (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 233 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3520 Authors: Alexander B. Khanikaev, S. Hossein Mousavi, Wang-Kong Tse, Mehdi Kargarian, Allan H. MacDonald & Gennady Shvets
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    MRI-detectable pH nanosensors incorporated into hydrogels for in vivo sensing of transplanted-cell viability (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 268 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3525 Authors: Kannie W. Y. Chan, Guanshu Liu, Xiaolei Song, Heechul Kim, Tao Yu, Dian R. Arifin, Assaf A. Gilad, Justin Hanes, Piotr Walczak, Peter C. M. van Zijl, Jeff W. M. Bulte & Michael T. McMahon
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    Entropy favours open colloidal lattices (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 217 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3496 Authors: Xiaoming Mao, Qian Chen & Steve Granick Burgeoning experimental and simulation activity seeks to understand the existence of self-assembled colloidal structures that are not close-packed. Here we describe an analytical theory based on lattice dynamics and supported by experiments that reveals the fundamental role entropy can play in stabilizing open lattices. The entropy we consider is associated with the rotational and vibrational modes unique to colloids interacting through extended attractive patches. The theory makes predictions of the implied temperature, pressure and patch-size dependence of the phase diagram of open and close-packed structures. More generally, it provides guidance for the conditions at which targeted patchy colloidal assemblies in two and three dimensions are stable, thus overcoming the difficulty in exploring by experiment or simulation the full range of conceivable parameters.
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    Non-invasive determination of the complete elastic moduli of spider silks (2013)
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    Description: Nature Materials 12, 262 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3549 Authors: Kristie J. Koski, Paul Akhenblit, Keri McKiernan & Jeffery L. Yarger
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    The cytoplasm of living cells behaves as a poroelastic material (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 253 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3517 Authors: Emad Moeendarbary, Léo Valon, Marco Fritzsche, Andrew R. Harris, Dale A. Moulding, Adrian J. Thrasher, Eleanor Stride, L. Mahadevan & Guillaume T. Charras
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    Inspiring interfaces (2012)
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    Description: Inspiring interfaces Nature Materials 11, 827 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3440 The arts and social sciences communities could enhance the commercial prospects of new materials.
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    Interior design (2012)
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    Description: Interior design Nature Materials 11, 829 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3445 Author: Alison Stoddart
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    Restrained fingering (2012)
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    Description: Restrained fingering Nature Materials 11, 829 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3446 Author: Pep Pàmies
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    Superlenses sharpen up (2012)
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    Description: Superlenses sharpen up Nature Materials 11, 829 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3444 Author: Joerg Heber
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    Nanoparticle immunotherapy: Combo combat (2012)
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    Description: Nanoparticle immunotherapy: Combo combat Nature Materials 11, 831 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3434 Author: C. Jeffrey Brinker Nanoparticle-enabled, sustained delivery of soluble hydrophilic cytokines and hydrophobic inhibitors engages the innate and adaptive immune systems to fight cancer.
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    Metal/molecule interfaces: Dispersion forces unveiled (2012)
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    Description: Metal/molecule interfaces: Dispersion forces unveiled Nature Materials 11, 834 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3436 Author: Jan van Ruitenbeek The role of dispersion forces in molecule–metal bonding has often been underestimated or ignored. Two groups now report independent single-molecule experiments that illustrate and quantify the effect of such interactions on bonding strength.
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    Oxide interfaces: Instrumental insights (2012)
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    Description: Oxide interfaces: Instrumental insights Nature Materials 11, 833 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3425 Authors: James M. Rondinelli & Steven J. May A powerful new set of tools combining artificial synthesis and in situ characterization of correlated oxides unites the processes of materials discovery and understanding, and reveals the origin of a dimensionality-induced metal–insulator transition.
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    Organic semiconductors: No more breaks for electrons (2012)
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    Description: Organic semiconductors: No more breaks for electrons Nature Materials 11, 836 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3427 Author: Anna Köhler In semiconducting polymers, the mobility of negative charges is typically much smaller than that of positive charges. Identification of a universal electron-trap level that is associated with water complexation now clarifies this difference and provides guidelines for the design of improved organic semiconductors.
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    Crystal nucleation: Nucleus in a droplet (2012)
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    Description: Crystal nucleation: Nucleus in a droplet Nature Materials 11, 838 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3441 Author: Peter G. Vekilov Real-time transmission electron microscopy shows that the formation of crystal nuclei of organic molecules in solution occurs inside dense liquid nanoclusters.
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    Mechanical properties: Overcoming old barriers (2012)
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    Description: Mechanical properties: Overcoming old barriers Nature Materials 11, 837 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3423 Author: G. J. Ackland Dislocation motion is crucial to the deformation of materials. The discovery that at least at lower temperatures quantum effects play an important role in this process considerably improves quantitative predictions of mechanical properties.
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    Photonics: Upconversion goes broadband (2012)
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    Description: Photonics: Upconversion goes broadband Nature Materials 11, 842 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3426 Authors: Xiaoji Xie & Xiaogang Liu Upconversion nanoparticles that convert low-energy light into high-energy light hold promise for boosting solar-cell efficiency and enabling highly sensitive biological assays. But their spectral conversion under broadband excitation has been challenging, until now.
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    Soft robotics: Bionic jellyfish (2012)
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    Description: Soft robotics: Bionic jellyfish Nature Materials 11, 841 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3438 Author: Viola Vogel A polymeric tissue-engineered structure capable of swimming in a similar manner to a jellyfish is created by mimicking the structural design, stroke kinematics and fluid dynamics of the organism.
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    Rare-earth ion singled out (2012)
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    Description: Rare-earth ion singled out Nature Materials 11, 829 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3447 Author: Andrea Taroni
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    Quantum effect on thermally activated glide of dislocations (2012)
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    Description: Quantum effect on thermally activated glide of dislocations Nature Materials 11, 845 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3401 Authors: Laurent Proville, David Rodney & Mihai-Cosmin Marinica Crystal plasticity involves the motion of dislocations under stress. So far, atomistic simulations of this process have predicted Peierls stresses, the stress needed to overcome the crystal resistance in the absence of thermal fluctuations, of more than twice the experimental values, a discrepancy best-known in body-centred cubic crystals. Here we show that a large contribution arises from the crystal zero-point vibrations, which ease dislocation motion below typically half the Debye temperature. Using Wigner’s quantum transition state theory in atomistic models of crystals, we found a large decrease of the kink-pair formation enthalpy due to the quantization of the crystal vibrational modes. Consequently, the flow stress predicted by Orowan’s law is strongly reduced when compared with its classical approximation and in much closer agreement with experiments. This work advocates that quantum mechanics should be accounted for in simulations of materials and not only at very low temperatures or in light-atom systems.
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    Spin excitations in a single La2CuO4 layer (2012)
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    Description: Spin excitations in a single La2CuO4 layer Nature Materials 11, 850 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3409 Authors: M. P. M. Dean, R. S. Springell, C. Monney, K. J. Zhou, J. Pereiro, I. Božović, B. Dalla Piazza, H. M. Rønnow, E. Morenzoni, J. van den Brink, T. Schmitt & J. P. Hill Cuprates and other high-temperature superconductors consist of two-dimensional layers that are crucial to their properties. The dynamics of the quantum spins in these layers lie at the heart of the mystery of the cuprates. In bulk cuprates such as La2CuO4, the presence of a weak coupling between the two-dimensional layers stabilizes a three-dimensional magnetic order up to high temperatures. In a truly two-dimensional system however, thermal spin fluctuations melt long-range order at any finite temperature. Here, we measure the spin response of isolated layers of La2CuO4 that are only one-unit-cell-thick. We show that coherent magnetic excitations, magnons, known from the bulk order, persist even in a single layer of La2CuO4, with no evidence for more complex correlations such as resonating valence bond correlations. These magnons are, therefore, well described by spin-wave theory (SWT). On the other hand, we also observe a high-energy magnetic continuum in the isotropic magnetic response that is not well described by two-magnon SWT, or indeed any existing theories.
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    Material witness: Bringing crystals to life (2012)
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    Description: Material witness: Bringing crystals to life Nature Materials 11, 840 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3437 Author: Philip Ball
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    Quantum many-body interactions in digital oxide superlattices (2012)
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    Description: Quantum many-body interactions in digital oxide superlattices Nature Materials 11, 855 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3405 Authors: Eric J. Monkman, Carolina Adamo, Julia A. Mundy, Daniel E. Shai, John W. Harter, Dawei Shen, Bulat Burganov, David A. Muller, Darrell G. Schlom & Kyle M. Shen Controlling the electronic properties of interfaces has enormous scientific and technological implications and has been recently extended from semiconductors to complex oxides that host emergent ground states not present in the parent materials. These oxide interfaces present a fundamentally new opportunity where, instead of conventional bandgap engineering, the electronic and magnetic properties can be optimized by engineering quantum many-body interactions. We use an integrated oxide molecular-beam epitaxy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy system to synthesize and investigate the electronic structure of superlattices of the Mott insulator LaMnO3 and the band insulator SrMnO3. By digitally varying the separation between interfaces in (LaMnO3)2n/(SrMnO3)n superlattices with atomic-layer precision, we demonstrate that quantum many-body interactions are enhanced, driving the electronic states from a ferromagnetic polaronic metal to a pseudogapped insulating ground state. This work demonstrates how many-body interactions can be engineered at correlated oxide interfaces, an important prerequisite to exploiting such effects in novel electronics.
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    Van der Waals interactions at metal/organic interfaces at the single-molecule level (2012)
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    Description: Van der Waals interactions at metal/organic interfaces at the single-molecule level Nature Materials 11, 872 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3403 Authors: Sriharsha V. Aradhya, Michael Frei, Mark S. Hybertsen & L. Venkataraman Van der Waals (vdW) interaction, and its subtle interplay with chemically specific interactions and surface roughness at metal/organic interfaces, is critical to the understanding of structure–function relations in diverse areas, including catalysis, molecular electronics and self-assembly. However, vdW interactions remain challenging to characterize directly at the fundamental, single-molecule level both in experiments and in first principles calculations with accurate treatment of the non-local, London dispersion interactions. In particular, for metal/organic interfaces, efforts so far have largely focused on model systems consisting of adsorbed molecules on flat metallic surfaces with minimal specific chemical interaction. Here we show, through measurements of single-molecule mechanics, that pyridine derivatives can bind to nanostructured Au electrodes through an additional binding mechanism beyond the chemically specific N–Au donor–acceptor bond. Using density functional theory simulations we show that vdW interactions between the pyridine ring and Au electrodes can play a key role in the junction mechanics. These measurements thus provide a quantitative characterization of vdW interactions at metal/organic interfaces at the single-molecule level.
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    Heterogeneous nucleation of organic crystals mediated by single-molecule templates (2012)
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    Description: Heterogeneous nucleation of organic crystals mediated by single-molecule templates Nature Materials 11, 877 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3408 Authors: Koji Harano, Tatsuya Homma, Yoshiko Niimi, Masanori Koshino, Kazu Suenaga, Ludwik Leibler & Eiichi Nakamura Fundamental understanding of how crystals of organic molecules nucleate on a surface remains limited because of the difficulty of probing rare events at the molecular scale. Here we show that single-molecule templates on the surface of carbon nanohorns can nucleate the crystallization of two organic compounds from a supersaturated solution by mediating the formation of disordered and mobile molecular nanoclusters on the templates. Single-molecule real-time transmission electron microscopy indicates that each nanocluster consists of a maximum of approximately 15 molecules, that there are fewer nanoclusters than crystals in solution, and that in the absence of templates physisorption, but not crystal formation, occurs. Our findings suggest that template-induced heterogeneous nucleation mechanistically resembles two-step homogeneous nucleation.
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    Unification of trap-limited electron transport in semiconducting polymers (2012)
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    Description: Unification of trap-limited electron transport in semiconducting polymers Nature Materials 11, 882 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3384 Authors: H. T. Nicolai, M. Kuik, G. A. H. Wetzelaer, B. de Boer, C. Campbell, C. Risko, J. L. Brédas & P. W. M. Blom
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    Probing oxygen vacancy concentration and homogeneity in solid-oxide fuel-cell cathode materials on the subunit-cell level (2012)
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    Description: Probing oxygen vacancy concentration and homogeneity in solid-oxide fuel-cell cathode materials on the subunit-cell level Nature Materials 11, 888 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3393 Authors: Young-Min Kim, Jun He, Michael D. Biegalski, Hailemariam Ambaye, Valeria Lauter, Hans M. Christen, Sokrates T. Pantelides, Stephen J. Pennycook, Sergei V. Kalinin & Albina Y. Borisevich
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    Stepping up MoS2 integration (2012)
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    Description: Stepping up MoS2 integration Nature Materials 11, 829 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3448 Author: Christian Martin
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    Graphene field-effect transistors as room-temperature terahertz detectors (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-25
    Description: Graphene field-effect transistors as room-temperature terahertz detectors Nature Materials 11, 865 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3417 Authors: L. Vicarelli, M. S. Vitiello, D. Coquillat, A. Lombardo, A. C. Ferrari, W. Knap, M. Polini, V. Pellegrini & A. Tredicucci The unique optoelectronic properties of graphene make it an ideal platform for a variety of photonic applications, including fast photodetectors, transparent electrodes in displays and photovoltaic modules, optical modulators, plasmonic devices, microcavities, and ultra-fast lasers. Owing to its high carrier mobility, gapless spectrum and frequency-independent absorption, graphene is a very promising material for the development of detectors and modulators operating in the terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum (wavelengths in the hundreds of micrometres), still severely lacking in terms of solid-state devices. Here we demonstrate terahertz detectors based on antenna-coupled graphene field-effect transistors. These exploit the nonlinear response to the oscillating radiation field at the gate electrode, with contributions of thermoelectric and photoconductive origin. We demonstrate room temperature operation at 0.3 THz, showing that our devices can already be used in realistic settings, enabling large-area, fast imaging of macroscopic samples.
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    Combination delivery of TGF-β inhibitor and IL-2 by nanoscale liposomal polymeric gels enhances tumour immunotherapy (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-25
    Description: Combination delivery of TGF-β inhibitor and IL-2 by nanoscale liposomal polymeric gels enhances tumour immunotherapy Nature Materials 11, 895 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3355 Authors: Jason Park, Stephen H. Wrzesinski, Eric Stern, Michael Look, Jason Criscione, Ragy Ragheb, Steven M. Jay, Stacey L. Demento, Atu Agawu, Paula Licona Limon, Anthony F. Ferrandino, David Gonzalez, Ann Habermann, Richard A. Flavell & Tarek M. Fahmy
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    A ferroelectric memristor (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-25
    Description: A ferroelectric memristor Nature Materials 11, 860 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3415 Authors: André Chanthbouala, Vincent Garcia, Ryan O. Cherifi, Karim Bouzehouane, Stéphane Fusil, Xavier Moya, Stéphane Xavier, Hiroyuki Yamada, Cyrile Deranlot, Neil D. Mathur, Manuel Bibes, Agnès Barthélémy & Julie Grollier Memristors are continuously tunable resistors that emulate biological synapses. Conceptualized in the 1970s, they traditionally operate by voltage-induced displacements of matter, although the details of the mechanism remain under debate. Purely electronic memristors based on well-established physical phenomena with albeit modest resistance changes have also emerged. Here we demonstrate that voltage-controlled domain configurations in ferroelectric tunnel barriers yield memristive behaviour with resistance variations exceeding two orders of magnitude and a 10 ns operation speed. Using models of ferroelectric-domain nucleation and growth, we explain the quasi-continuous resistance variations and derive a simple analytical expression for the memristive effect. Our results suggest new opportunities for ferroelectrics as the hardware basis of future neuromorphic computational architectures.
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    Early lights (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Nature Materials 11, 995 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3519 This year marks a quarter of a century since the birth of photonic crystals. Overcoming early difficulties, the field has made a range of technological developments possible as well as the emergence of new science at the interface between condensed-matter physics and photonics.
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    In the limelight (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Nature Materials 11, 1000 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3504 Twenty five years since the birth of the field of photonic crystals, Eli Yablonovitch talks to Nature Materials about his pioneering contributions to the field and his vision for nanophotonics.
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    Folding and jamming (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Nature Materials 11, 1002 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3511 Author: Pep Pàmies
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    Applied physics and interfaces: Positively 'negative' friction (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Nature Materials 11, 1004 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3494 Author: Kathryn J. Wahl Friction classically decreases with decreasing load. Nanoscale measurements on chemically modified graphite now show an opposite trend related to local deformation, which could serve as a probe for determining the exfoliation energy of layered materials.
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    Cancer therapy: Death by magnetism (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Nature Materials 11, 1006 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3501 Author: Jon Dobson A magnetic on/off switch for cell-death signalling in cancer cells is developed using antibodies conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles. The control of cell death in in vivo systems is demonstrated by a tell-tale morphological change within the zebrafish.
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    Perovskite photovoltaics (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Nature Materials 11, 1002 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3515 Author: Christian Martin
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