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  • Articles  (6,600)
  • International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks  (2,573)
  • 163708
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (6,600)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Description: Wireless Sensor Networks are very convenient to monitor structures or even materials, as in McBIM project (Materials communicating with the Building Information Modeling). This project aims to develop the concept of “communicating concretes,” which are concrete elements embedding wireless sensor networks, for applications dedicated to Structure Health Monitoring in the construction industry. Due to applicative constraints, the topology of the wireless sensor network follows a chain-based structure. Node batteries cannot be replaced or easily recharged, it is crucial to evaluate the energy consumed by each node during the monitoring process. This area has been extensively studied leading to different energy models to evaluate energy consumption for chain-based structures. However, no simple, practical, and analytical network energy models have yet been proposed. Energy evaluation models of periodic data collection for chain-based structures are proposed. These models are compared and evaluated with an Arduino XBee–based platform. Experimental results show the mean prediction error of our models is 5%. Realizing aggregation at nodes significantly reduces energy consumption and avoids hot-spot problem with homogeneous consumptions along the chain. Models give an approximate lifetime of the wireless sensor network and communicating concretes services. They can also be used online by nodes for a self-assessment of their energy consumptions.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-1477
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Description: As concrete is a building material that is widely used in the field of infrastructure construction, and its quality is related to the quality and service life in infrastructure engineering, concrete strength is an important reference index that reflects the concrete quality. Based on this, two commercial concretes A and B are selected in Henan Province, China, to perform the concrete strength test under same condition curing and standard condition curing in the pull-out post-insert method, cubic compression, rebound method, and drilling core method. The relationships between the different curing conditions, cubic compressive strength, core sample strength, rebound strength, and pull-out force of different commercial concretes are compared and analyzed. Through a comparative analysis and while considering the convenience and accuracy requirements, the strength curves of the two different concretes based on the pull-out post-insert method were fitted and analyzed, and the local strength curve test in Henan based on the pull-out post-insert method was established. The research results provide technical support for evaluating the strength of concrete structures using the pull-out post-insert method, which has important engineering significance for improving the popularize and application of the pull-out post-insert method.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Description: This correspondence proposes a jointly-designed quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded multi-relay cooperation with a destination node realized by multiple receive antennas. First, a deterministic approach is utilized to construct different classes of binary QC-LDPC codes with no length-4 cycles. Existing methods put some limitations in terms of code length and rate in order to provide high error-correction performance. Therefore, this article gives three classes of QC-LDPC codes based on a combinatoric design approach, known as cyclic difference packing (CDP), with flexibility in terms of code-length and rate selection. Second, the proposed CDP-based construction is utilized to jointly-design QC-LDPC codes for coded-relay cooperation. At the receiver, the destination node is realized by multiple receive antennas, where maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and sum-product algorithm (SPA)-based joint iterative decoding are utilized to decode the corrupted sequences coming from the source and relay nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed QC-LDPC coded-relay cooperations outperform their counterparts with a coding gain of about 0.25 dB at bit-error rate (BER) [Formula: see text] over a Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. Furthermore, the extrinsic-information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis has been used to detect the convergence threshold of proposed jointly-designed QC-LDPC codes. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed jointly-designed QC-LDPC codes provide a better convergence as compared to their counterparts under the same conditions.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Description: Vehicular ad-hoc networks allow vehicles to exchange messages pertaining to safety and road efficiency. Building trust between nodes can, therefore, protect vehicular ad-hoc networks from malicious nodes and eliminate fake messages. Although there are several trust models already exist, many schemes suffer from varied limitations. For example, many schemes rely on information provided by other peers or central authorities, for example, roadside units and reputation management centers to ensure message reliability and build nodes’ reputation. Also, none of the proposed schemes operate in different environments, for example, urban and rural. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel trust management scheme for self-organized vehicular ad-hoc networks. The scheme is based on a crediting technique and does not rely on other peers or central authorities which distinguishes it as an economical solution. Moreover, it is hybrid, in the sense it is data-based and entity-based which makes it capable of revoking malicious nodes and discarding fake messages. Furthermore, it operates in a dual-mode (urban and rural). The simulation has been performed utilizing Veins, an open-source framework along with OMNeT++, a network simulator, and SUMO, a traffic simulator. The scheme has been tested with two trust models (urban and rural). The simulation results prove the performance and security efficacy of the proposed scheme.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Description: In underwater wireless sensor networks, sensor position information has important value in network protocols and collaborative detection. However, many challenges were introduced in positioning sensor nodes due to the complexity of the underwater environment. Aiming at the problem of the stratification effect of underwater acoustic waves, the long propagation delay of messages, as well as the mobility of sensor nodes, a mobile target localization scheme for underwater wireless sensor network is proposed based on iterative tracing. Four modules are established in the mobile target localization based on iterative tracing: the data collection and rough position estimation, the estimation and compensation of propagation delay, the node localization, and the iteration. The deviation of distance estimation due to the assumption that acoustic waves propagate along straight lines in an underwater environment is compensated by the mobile target localization based on iterative tracing, and weighted least squares estimation method is used to perform linear regression. Moreover, an interacting multiple model algorithm is put forward to reduce the positioning error caused by the mobility of sensor nodes, and the two services of node time synchronization and localization assist each other during the iteration to improve the accuracy of both parties. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve higher localization accuracy than the similar schemes, and the positioning errors caused by the above three problems can be reduced effectively.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Recharging sensor networks using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides a possible method for increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we evaluate that approach, determining how much of a benefit it provides and under what conditions. We base our simulations and field experiments on data collected from charging with our UAV-based wireless power transfer system, which has similar transfer ranges and efficiencies as other such systems. We determine that a UAV can increase the network lifetime up to 290% compared to no recharging, that the UAV should recharge 30% of the sensor node battery capacity at one time for the maximum benefit, and that the UAV should recharge the lowest powered node until the network reaches a size of approximately 306 nodes at which point it should recharge the sink. We also examine how the sensor network can aid this through sink selection. The policy varies as network size increases, with a static approach working well until 200 nodes, and then either a perimeter or heuristic approach works best. These results inform future use of UAVs in recharging and working with sensor networks.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: The aim of this study is to construct an intelligent wireless sensing and control system to address health issues. We combine three technologies including (1) wireless sensing technology to develop an extendable system for monitoring environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration, (2) ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) to predict air quality trends and take action before air quality worsens, and (3) fuzzy theory which is applied to build an energy-saving mechanism for feedback control. Experimental results show the following. (1) A longer historical data collected time interval will reduce the effects of abnormal surges on prediction results. We find the ARIMA prediction model accuracy improving from 3.19 ± 3.47% for a time interval of 10 minutes to 1.71 ± 1.45% for a time interval of 50 minutes. (2) The stability experiment shows that the error rate of prediction model is also less than 7.5%. (3) In the energy-saving experiment, fuzzy logic-based decision model can reduce the 55% energy while maintaining adequate air quality.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) includes large and dense deployment of interconnected smart sensing and monitoring devices. This vast deployment necessitates collection and processing of large volume of measurement data. However, collecting all the measured data from individual devices on such a scale may be impractical and time-consuming. Moreover, processing these measurements requires complex algorithms to extract useful information. Thus, it becomes imperative to devise distributed information processing mechanisms that identify application-specific features in a timely manner and with low overhead. In this paper, we present a feature extraction mechanism for dense networks that takes advantage of dominance-based medium access control (MAC) protocols to (i) efficiently obtain global extrema of the sensed quantities, (ii) extract local extrema, and (iii) detect the boundaries of events, by using simple transforms that nodes employ on their local data. We extend our results for a large dense network with multiple broadcast domains (MBD). We discuss and compare two approaches for addressing the challenges with MBD and we show through extensive evaluations that our proposed distributed MBD approach is fast and efficient at retrieving the most valuable measurements, independent of the number sensor nodes in the network.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Self-localization is one of the key technologies in the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Some traditional self-localization algorithms can provide a reasonable positioning accuracy only in a uniform and dense network, while for a nonuniform network the performance is not acceptable. In this paper, we presented a novel grid-based linear least squares (LLS) self-localization algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the grid method to screen the anchors based on the distribution characteristic of a nonuniform network. Furthermore, by taking into consideration the quasi-uniform distribution of anchors in the area, we select suitable anchors to assist the localization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can greatly enhance the localization accuracy of the anonymous nodes and impose less computation burden compared to traditional Trilateration and Multilateration.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Localization is emerging as a fundamental component in wireless sensor network and is widely used in the field of environmental monitoring, national and military defense, transportation monitoring, and so on. Current localization methods, however, focus on how to improve accuracy without considering the robustness. Thus, the error will increase rapidly when nodes density and SNR (signal to noise ratio) have changed dramatically. This paper introduces CTLL, Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in WSNs, a new way for localization which is robust to the variances of nodes density and SNR. The method combines samples transfer learning and SVR (Support Vector Regression) regression model to get a better performance of localization. Unlike past work, which considers that the nodes density and SNR are invariable, our design applies regional division and transfer learning to adapt to the variances of nodes density and SNR. We evaluate the performance of our method both on simulation and realistic deployment. The results show that our method increases accuracy and provides high robustness under a low cost.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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